REED    ORGAN    MUSIC 

PUBLISHED   BY 

OLIVER  DITSON   &  CO.,  BOSTON, 
C.   H.    DITSON   &   CO.,  NEW  YORK. 


It  was 
FROM  THE  LIBRARY  OF  of  this 

iiis  who 

REV.   LOUIS    FITZGERALD    BENSON,  D.  D.  perfect 

I  music 
.  of  the 

BEQUEATHED  BY  HIM  TO  ig  -^^ell 

THE  LIBRARY  OF  "S®  °^ 

PRINCETON  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  ).      By 

it  plan, 
ts  own, 
y  at  all 

from  the  reputation  of  that  work.    Messrs.  Emerson  &  Matthews  are  thorough 

men,  and  understand  tlie  public  taste  as  well  as  any. 
Give  their  worli  a  careful  examination. 

Clarke's  Dollar  Instructor  for  Reed  Organs. 

Doubtless  a  large,  complete,  thorough  "method"  is  best,  for  all  who  have  time  to 
devote  to  practice.  But  a  multitude  of  persons  who  have  access  to  Reed  Organs,  would 
like  a  little  knowledge,  enough  to  be  able  to  play  easy  music,  and  to  accompany  songs; 
and  have  no  leisure  for  anything  more. 

For  such  learners  the  Dollar  Method  is  prepared.  It  contains  a  very  entertaining 
and  easy  course,  illustrated  by  a,  large  number  of  taking  melodies  for  practice,  which 
practice  thus  becomes  a  pleasure  and  recreation. 

Winner's  Nev  School  for  Melodeon,    Price  75  cents. 

A  Melodeox  is  simply  a  small  Reed  Orgax,  and,  of  course,  this  School  is  for  tho 
Instrument,  whatever  you  please  to  call  it.  Winner's  School  is  smaller,  cheaper,  and 
still  easier  than  "Tho  Dollar  Instructor,"  and  contains  a  very  pleasing  coUectioix  of 
popular  airs. 

Recreations  for  Cabinet  Organ,  Melodeon,  Xc.   Price  $1.50. 

These  are  true  Organ  pieces,  selected  with  exquisite  taste,  and  will  please  all  lovers 
o*  raliued  music.    Not  difficult. 

Division 


Valuable  Music  Books  for  Schools, 

PUBLISHED  BY 

Oliver  Ditson  &  Co.,  Boston,  C.  H.  Ditson  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Either  Book  mailed,  post-paid,  for  Ketail  Price. 

AMERICAN 
SCHOOL   MUSIC   READERS. 

By  L.  O.  Emerson  and  W.  S.  Tilden. 
In  Three  liooks. 

These  Music  Headers  are  well  fitted  for 
use  in  connection  with  the  new  and  im- 
proved methods  of  teaching  music  by  note 
in  schools. 

The  theoretic  part  has  peen  prepared  by 
IVIr.  W.  S.  TiLDEN,  who  has  had  valuable 
experience  as  Music  Teacher  in  the  schools 
of  Boston  and  vicinity. 

In  Book  I,  which  is  for  Primary  Schools, 
we  have  a  three  years'  course  of  study  very 
plainly  laid  out,  with  abundant  direc- 
tions to  teachers,  and  a  large  number  of 
sweet  songs  for  the  little  ones  to  sing  by 
rote  and  by  note.    Price  35  cents. 

In  Book  II,  the  course  above  indicated 
is  continued,  and  becomes  a  little  more 
theoretic.  The  book  is  fitted  for  the  use  of 
the  younger  scholars  in  Grammar  Schools. 
Price  50  cents. 

In  Book  III,  part  singing  is  introduced, 
and  the  ear  is  trained  to  harmonic  singing. 
For  higher  classes  in  Grammar  Schools. 
Price  50  cents. 

HOUR  OF  SINGING. 

By  L.  O.  Emerson  and  W.  S.  Tilden. 
For  High  Schools.    Price  $1.00. 

Until  recently,  it  could  not  be  said  that 
there  was  really  any  music  book  especially 
adapted  for  High  Schools.  There  were,  to 
be  sure,  excellent  collections  of  music 
which  could,  after  a  fashion,  be  used  in 
teaching.  Still  the  instructor  in  Music  had 
no  proper  text-book  until  the  appearance 
of  the  "  Hour  of  Singing."  Its  adapted- 
ness  to  its  place  and  work  was  so  apparent, 
that  it  was  at  once,  without  question, 
adopted  in  a  large  number  of  High  Schools 
and  Seminaries  ;  and  has  also,  to  a  certain 
extent,  been  used  by  the  higher  classes  of 
Grammar  Schools. 

THE  HIGH  SCHOOL  CHOIR. 

By  L.  O.  Emerson  and  W.  S.  Tilden. 
Price  $1.00.     $9.00  per  dozen. 

The  "High  School  Choir"  is  similar,  in 
general  design,  to  the  very  popular  "Hour 
of  Singing,"  which  has  been  almost  univer- 
sally used  in  High  Schools.  The  presejit 
work  is  in  no  way  inferior  to  its  prede- 
cessor, is  entirely  fresh  and  new,  and  is  re- 
ceived with  decided  favor. 

CHOICE  TRIOS. 

For  Female  Voices.  By  W.  S.  Tilden. 
Price  $1.00. 

The  music  is  all  of  a  high  order,  is  not 
very  difiicult,  and  excellently  selected  and 
arranged  for  High  Schools,  Seminaries, 
Academies,  &c. 

( 


Collections  of  School  Songs. 

CHEERFUL  VOICES. 

By  L.  O.  Emerson.     Price  50  cents. 

'J'iie  book  contains  a  well  written  Ele- 
mentary Course,  with  abundance  of  agree-, 
able  exercises  and  tunes  for  practice ;  and 
also  a  large  and  varied  collection  of  Songs, 
Rounds,  &c.,  with  thirty  pieces  of  Sacred 
Music  for  opening  and  closing  school. 

MERRY  CHIMES. 
By  L.  O.  Emerson.    Price  50  cents. 
Has    an     excellent     reputation     among 
School  Song  Books. 

THE  GOLDEN  WREATH. 

By  L.  O.  Emerson.    Price  50  cents. 

The  success  of  this  fine  book  has  been  a 
surprise,  moi'e  than  a  quarter  of  a  million 
copies  having  been  sold.  To  tliat  number 
of  persons,  therefore,  its  face  is  as  that  of 
a  familiar  friend. 

THE  NIGHTINGALE. 

By  W.  O.  &  H.  S.  Perkins.    Price  50  eta. 
A  very  appropriate  name  for  a  favorite 
collection  of  School  Songs. 

THE  GOLDEN  ROBIN. 

By  W.  O.  Perkins.    Price  50  cents. 

Well  chosen  and  good  songs ;  more  tha» 
two  hundred  of  them ,  and  the  nsual  ele- 
mentary course,  with  attractive  exercises. 


Cantatas  for  School  Exhibitions. 

Musical  progress,  both  among  young  and 
old  people,  depends  so  much  upon  musical 
enthusiasm,  tliat  there  seems  to  be  almost 
a  necessity  for  introducing  Concerts  and 
Exhibitions  into  the  music-teaching  course 
of  schools.  To  give  brilliancy  and  success 
to  these  affairs,  nothing  can  be  better  than 
such  Cantatas  as  are  mentioned  below  : 
The  Flower  Queen.  C.  F.  Root.  $0  75 
The  Cnlpi'it  Fay.  J.  L.  Ensign.  1  00 

The  Twin  Sisters.        H.  G.  Saroni.      50 
Fairy  Bridal.  Hewitt.      50 

The  Pic  Kic.  J.  R.  Thomas.  1  00 

Festival  of  the  Rose.  J.  C.  Johnson.      30 
Flower  Festival  on  the  Banks  of 

the  Rhine.  J.  C.  Johnson.      45 

Spring  Holiday.  C.  C.  Converse.      75 

Quarrel  Among  the  FloAvers. 

Shoeller.  35 
Juvenile  Oratorios.  Containing 
"  The  Festival  of  the  Rose,"  "  The 
Indian  Summer,"  and  "  The 
Children  of  Jerusalem."  Three 
Cantatas.    By  J.  C.  Johnson.      60 

4) 


VALUABLE  MUSIC  BOOKS 

PUBLISHED  BY 

Oliver  Ditson  &  Co.,  Boston,        C.  H.  DItson  it  Co.,  New  York, 

EI3^  Either  Book  sent,  post-paid,  for  the  Ketail  Price.  .^^^ 


:ichardson's  New  Method $3  75 

hild's  (The)  First  Music-Book 75 

Vinnei's  New  School  for  the  Piano- 
forte        75 

iVinner's  Perfect  Guide  for  the  Piano- 
forte        75 

?laidy's  Technical  Studies.  Cl'h,  $2  00 ; 

boards 1  50 

Burrowes's  Piano  Primer.  Cloth,45cts ; 

boards 30 

Clarke's  Catechism 38 

Five  Thousand  Musical  Terms 75 

Opera  Bouffe.    Boards 3  00 

The  Tuner's  Guide GO 

Modern  School  for  Organ.  Zundel 4  00 

Rink's  Organ  School.    Complete 6  00 

Organist's  Portfolio.  2 vols.  Each,bds  2  50 
250  Voluntaries  and  Interludes.  Zundel  2  00 
Clarke's  New  Method  for  Heed  Organs  2  50 

Carhart's  Melodeon  Instructor 1  50 

Root's  School  for  the  Cabinet  Organ  . .  2  50 

Recreations  for  the  Cabinet  Organ 1  50 

Zundel's  Melodeon  Instructor 2  50 

Carcassi's  Method  for  Guitar,  $3  00; 

Abridged 2  00 

Haydens  New  Method  for  Guitar 3  00 

Winner's  New  School  for  the  Guitar. .  75 
Campagnoli'sViolinlMethod.  Complete  6  00 

Listenuin's  Modern  Violin  Method 3  00 

Modern  School  for  Violin.    Fessenden  2  50 

Winner's  New  School  for  Violin 75 

Berbiguier's  iMethod  for  Flute 3  00 

Winner's  New  School  for  Flute 75 

Winner's  Dance  Music  for  Flute  and 

Piano 75 

Party  Dances,  Woha  and  Piano.  Win- 
ner       75 

Flute  and  Piano  Duets.    Winner 75 

'"'^ioliii  and  Piano  Duets,    Winner 75 

uu  Beautiful  ISIelodies  for  Violin 75 

00  Operatic  Airs  for  Flute 75 

ioniberg's  Violoncello.    Complete 3  00 

>>iedham's  Instructor  for  Double  Bass  3  00 

V^rbuckle's  Cornet  Instructor 3  00 

Vinner's  New  Schools  for  Accordeon, 

Clarionet,  Flageolet,  and  Fife.  Each      75 
Vinner's  Perfect  Guide  for  German 

Concerthia 75 

>uckley's  Banjo  Guide 75 

)ulcimer  Instructor 50 

Vnny  Drum  and  Fife  Book 75 

>raper's  Fife  Melodies 60 

Jassini's  Art  of  Singing.    Complete, 

$4  00.    Abridged 3  00 

•anseron's  A  B  C.    Abridged 1  00 

Itandard  Singing  Scliool.    Southard. .  3  00 


Amphion.  Part-songs,  for  MaleVoices  $5  00 
Arion.  Part-songs,  for  Male  Voices. .  4  00 
Chorus  Wreath.  Sacred  and  Secular..  1  50 

Greeting.    L.  O.  Emerson 1  50 

N.  Y.  Glee  and  Cho.  Book.  Bradbury  2  00 
Young  Mens'  Singing  Book.    Root  and 

Mason 1  50 

Carmina  Collegensia.  (College  Songs)  2  25 
100  Comic,  100  Irish,  and  100  Scotch 

Songs.    Each 60 

American  Tune-Book 1  50 

Choral  Tribute.    L.  O.  Emerson 1  50 

Greatorex Collection.  Cloth.  $175;  bds  1  50 

Harp  of  Judah.     L.  O.  Emerson 1  50 

Jubilee.    Wm.  B.  Bradbury 1  50 

Key  Note.     Bradbury 1  50 

Modem  Harp.    White  &  Gould 1  50 

New  Carmina  Sacr.a.  Lowell  Mason  .  150 
Temple    Choir.      Bradbury,    Seward, 

Mason 1  50 

Sabbath  Guest.    Emerson  &  Morey.. .  1  60 

Mason  &  Hoadley's  New  System 3  00 

Leader.  Church  Music  Book,   Palmer 

&  Emerson 1  38 

Song  Monarch.    For  Singing  Schools. 

Palmer  &  Emerson 75 

Thomas's  Quartetts.    J.  R.  Thomas  . .  2  50 
Perkins's  Anthem  Book.    W.  O.  Per- 
kins   1  50 

River  of  Life.    For  Sabbath  Schools. 

Perkins  &  Bentley 35 

Clarke's   Dollar  Instructor  lor  Seed 

Organs 1  00 

Esther.      Cantata.      Dramatized     by 

Seagur 50 

Belshazzar.     Cantata.     J.  A.  Butter- 

tield 1  25 

Jubilate.    Church  Music  Book.    L.  O. 

Emerson 1  50 

Trial  by  Jury.    Comic  Cantata,    Sul- 
livan   1  00 

Emerson's  Method  for  Reed  Organs.. .  2  50 
Hour  of  Singing.    For  High  Schools. 

Emerson  &  Tilden 1  00 

Choice  Trios,    For  High  Schools,    W. 

S.  Tilden 1  00 

American  School  Music  Readers.  Em- 
erson   &    Tilden.      Book  1,  35  cts; 

Book  2,  50  cts ;  Book  3 60 

Cheerful  Voices.   Collection  of  School 

Songs.    L.O.Emerson 50 

Shining  River.  Sab.  Schools.  Perkins  35 
Living     Waters.       Praise     Meetings. 

Hodges 30 

Nat.  Hymn  &  Tune  Book 40 

High  School  Choir.  Emerson  &  Tilden  1  00 


1         (fV\r<r^ 

A 


/ 

DICTIONARY 


MUSICAL  INFORMATION, 


CONTAINING  ALSO  A 


VOCABULARY  OF  MUSICAL  TERMS, 


LIST  OF  MODERN  MUSICAL  WORKS  PUBLISHED 
IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

FKOM  1640  TO  1876. 

yy 

BT  JOHISr  W.   MOOEE. 


BOSTON: 

NEW  YORK:  C.   H.   DITSOX  &  COMPANY. 
PHILADELPHIA:  J.  E.  DITSON  &  CO.    CHICAGO  :  LYON  &  HEALY. 


Copyright,  187G,  by  Oijvkk  Ditsox  &  Co. 


PREFACE. 


In  preparing  this  Dictionary  of  Musical  Information,  my  desire  has  been 
to  make  it  meet  the  popular  demand  for  a  book  of  reference  concerning  musical 
persons  and  subjects  not  mentioned  in  any  other  published  work,  and  to  furnish 
it  at  a  price  sufficiently  small  to  place  it  in  the  hands  of  all  persons  in  any  way 
interested  in  musical  affairs.  To  do  this,  it  was  necessary  to  abbreviate  every  arti- 
cle as  much  as  possible,  in  order  to  crowd  the  largest  amount  of  information  into 
the  smallest  practicable  space.  I  have  done  this  in  the  belief  that  five  lines  read 
with  interest  is  better  than  fifty  lines  read  with  indifference,  and  worth  more  to 
the  careful  reader  than  five  hundred  lines  to  the  careless. 

The  labor  of  condensing  articles,  of  sifting  a  great  mass  of  material,  and  saving 
the  very  best  of  all,  is  a  task  requiring  much  patience  and  perseverance ;  and, 
when  faithfully  performed,  the  zealous  worker  is  astonished  to  find  his  accumu- 
lation of  rubbish,  on  the  one  side,  so  very  large,  and  the  amount  of  refined  mate- 
rial so  very  small  on  the  other ;  but,  when  he  reflects  that  his  stock  of  pure  gold 
is  worth  infinitely  more  than  the  great  mass  of  rejected  matter  from  which  he 
has  selected  it,  he  is  the  better  satisfied,  and  is  richly  rewarded  for  his  exertions. 

The  reader  will  find  that  I  have  compressed  each  one  of  the  many  thousand 
articles  presented  in  this  Dictionary  into  as  few  lines  as  would  clearly  express  the 
important  facts.  My  object  has  been  not  alone  to  spread  the  glory  and  enhance 
the  fame  of  those  who  have  attained  to  places  of  high  honor  in  the  world  of 
musical  art  to-day,  but  to  equally  call  attention  to  those  who  are  destined  to 
occupy  these  places  in  the  future.  The  already  honored  do  not  need  notice  as  do 
their  struggling  successors ;  but  I  have  collected  my  notices  in  the  interests  of  all. 

I  have  omitted  many  names :  some,  because  I  have  failed  to  receive  solicited 
information  in  regard  to  them;  a  very  considerable  number  because  they  are 
mentioned  in  the  first  volume  of  my  "Complete  Encyclopaedia  of  Music,"  or  in 
the  Appendix  to  that  work,  this  year  added,  to  which  reference  can  be  made. 
This  Dictionary  has  been  compiled  from  still  later  material,  and  is  the  only  con- 
densed biographical  musical  Avork  that  has  appeared  in  this  country.  It  contains 
the  names  of  many  thousand  persons  and  things  connected  with  the  art  of  music; 
and  a  large  proportion  of  the  information  has  been  written  expressly  for  this  pub- 
lication, and  is  such  as  has  never  appeared  in  any  other  form.  The  lives  of  some 
of  the  eminent  musicians  of  our  time  are  made  familiar  in  individual  sketches 
and  autobiographies,  as  well  as  in  encyclopaedias  and  other  works ;  but  there  ia 

3 


PREFACE. 


not  in  existence  any  otlier  small,  cheap,  popular  modern  dictionary  of  general 
musical  information,  nor  is  there  any  work  that  preoccupies  this  field. 

In  addition  to  the  information  contained  in  the  regular  alphabet  of  pages,  and 
under  the  many  different  heads,  this  Dictionary  furnishes  a  Vocabulary  of  Musi- 
cal Terms,  in  which  it  will  be  seen  that  I  have  made  the  attempt  of  giving  the 
pronunciation  of  words,  as  well  as  the  definitions ;  and  this  novel  feature  will 
supply  a  want  often  felt,  and  give  the  work  an  extent  of  usefulness  which  no  pre- 
vious publication  of  the  kind  possesses.  I  have  pronounced  a  large  number  of 
the  commonly  used  terms ;  and  for  definitions  not  given,  I  refer  the  reader  to  my 
Encyclopaedia.  Another  new  feature  presented  in  this  work  is  A  List  of  the  Pop- 
ular Modern  Musical  Works  iniblished  in  the  United  States :  giving  the  familiar 
title  of  each  publication,  with  the  name  of  the  author  or  compiler,  when  known, 
and  the  year  in  which  many  of  the  older  works  appeared ;  omitting  minor  works, 
and  periodicals.  This  list  will  be  found  particularly  valuable  for  reference  in 
regard  to  titles  of  books  and  the  names  of  authors  in  America.  It  is  impossible 
for  me  to  know  whether  my  list  is  complete,  or  whether  in  all  cases  I  have  given 
the  full  titles ;  but  I  have  given  the  names  of  all  important  works  that  have 
come  to  my  notice,  including  publications  from  1640  to  1875,  the  number  being 
several  thousand. 

It  would  be  something  marvellous  in  the  annals  of  book-making,  if  this  Dic- 
tionary was  free  from  errors.  Every  possible  effort  has  been  made  to  avoid  them ; 
but,  in  gathering  information  from  so  many  different  sources  and  contradictory 
authorities  as  I  have  been  compelled  to  examine,  it  would  be  a  matter  of  sur- 
prise, if  all  the  statements  should  be  perfect.  The  numerous  fountains  from 
which  I  have  drawn  ray  knowledge  were  not,  perhaps,  all  pure ;  they  could  not 
reasonably  be  expected  to  be  so ;  but  I  have  depended  upon  those  which  are 
considered  the  best,  and  the  least  exposed  to  suspicion.  I  have  spared  neither 
time,  labor,  nor  expense,  in  tr\ing  to  obtain  simple  dates  of  the  times  and  places 
of  the  birth  and  death  of  persons  deceased,  as  well  as  the  birthplaces  and  the 
dates  which  concern  the  living  who  are  mentioned  in  this  work;  and  this  has 
proved  a  slow  and  very  difficult  undertaking.  For  various  reasons,  it  is  next  to 
an  impossibility  to  procure  needed  information  of  this  character ;  and,  for  many 
of  the  dates  which  I  have  obtained,  I  found  it  necessary  to  wait  for  months, 
and,  in  some  instances,  years.  There  are  persons  who  will  not  disclose  their 
ages  while  living ;  and,  for  dates  concerning  persons  deceased,  I  have  many  times 
applied  to  persons  interested,  and  to  friends  or  relatives,  without  success.  Many 
of  the  omissions  of  dates  which  may  be  wanting  have  occurred  in  consequence. 
I  regret  this  the  more,  because  such  records,  in  brief  notices,  are  next  in  impor- 
tance to  the  names  of  persons,  and  to  what  may  be  said  concerning  them.  I 
have,  in  many  instances,  recorded  the  age  of  individuals,  and  thus  the  time  of 
birth  is  disclosed. 

I  take  this  opportunity  to  acknowledge  my  obligations  to  a  large  number  of 
musical  friends  in  this  country  and  Europe  for  valuable  information  and  extended 
notices  of  musicians,  as  well  as  for  the  aid  they  have  given  me  in  making  this 
work  what  its  title  indicates,  —  a  "Dictionary  of  Musical  Information." 

John  W.  Moore. 

Ma>'CHEstee,  N.H.,  January,  1876. 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFOEMATION. 


A.  This  letter  has  heen  used  as  a 
tone  name  since  340  B.C. ;  it  has  been 
known  as  La,  the  sixth  in  the  ascend- 
ing scale  of  C,  since  Guido  Aretina 
(1022)  invented  his  mode  of  notation. 

Aakon",  of  Cologne,  born  in  Scot- 
land ;  introduced  the  Gregorian  night 
chant  into  Germany;  died  1052. 

Aakon,  son  of  Amram,  was  a  lead- 
ing Jewish  singer;  died  1451  B.C.,  aged 
123. 

Abbey,  A.  J.,  author  of  several  col- 
lections of  music  in  New  York  since 
1850. 

Abbot,  Asahel,  author  of  "TAe  Wal- 
denses''^  and  other  works,  New  York, 
1850  to  1870. 

Abbott,  Majrie,  oratorio  singer ;  Em- 
ma A.  Abbott,  opera  singer  at  St. 
Petersburg,  1873 ;  natives  of  New  York. 

Abbreviated  Chords  are  some- 
times marked  "tremolo,"  and  are  re- 
iterated rapidly. 

Abbreviations  in  music:  invented 
or  first  used  by  Handel,  to  save  time 
and  space  in  writing. 

Abecedarian  Hymns  are  arranged 
like  the  Hebrew  acrostic  poetry :  verses 
alphabetical. 

Abeille,  J.  C.  L.,  bom  at  Bayreuth 
Feb.  20,  1751;  organist  and  composer; 
successor  of  Zumsteeg ;  died  1832,  aged 
81. 

Abel,  C.  F.,  born  at  Coethen,  1724; 
a  famous  composer  and  performer ;  died 
in  London,  Jan.  22,  1787. 

Abel,  Louisa  [Louisa  Scheibel], 
born  at  Stuttgard,  1837;  married  G. 
Abel,  organist,  Paris ;  gave  concerts  in 
this  country,  1858. 

Abell,  Edith,  appeared  in  opera 
at  Geneva,  1871. 

Abercorn,  Earl  of,  wrote  a  "  Trea- 


tise on  Harmony f^^  enlarged  by  Dr.  Pe- 
pusch,  1731. 

Aberdeen  Cantus.  The  earliest 
singing  book  in  Scotland ;  by  T.  David- 
son, 1602,  4to.,  50  leaves. 

Abert,  born  at  Gastorf,  Bohemia, 
1832 ;  famous  opera  composer  at  Stutt- 
gard. 

Aborigines. — The  primitive  inhab- 
itants were  very  fond  of  music,  and 
readily  learned  to  sing ;  their  music  and 
instruments,  though  rude  and  simple, 
were  peculiar. 

Absurdity  of  Foreign  Words. 
Henry  Laws,  an  English  composer,  to 
show  the  absurdity  of  using  foreign 
words,  set  an  index  of  the  popular  Ital- 
ian sonr/s  to  music ;  it  sold  largely  as  a 
rare  Italian  song. 

Abt,  Franz,  born  Dec.  21,  1819,  at 
Eilenburg,  in  the  Prussian  province 
of  Saxony.  His  father  was  a  musician, 
and  clergyman  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 
Franz  studied  music  at  Leipsic,  and 
became  known  as  a  song-writer  in  1838. 
In  September,  1841,  he  married,  and  was 
leader  of  the  orchestra  at  the  Zurich 
theatre ;  became  a  teacher  in  1842,  but 
was  little  known  until  his  song,  "  When 
the  Swallows  Homeward  Jly,^^  carried  his 
name  to  all  parts  of  the  civilized  world. 
In  1865  was  concert-master  at  Bruns- 
wick, and  conducted  the  great  festival 
at  Dresden.  He  came  to  this  country 
1872,  and  was  present  at  the  Peace  Ju- 
bilee, Boston,  where  he  directed  the 
performance  of  some  of  his  own  mu- 
sic, arriving  in  New  York  May  2,  where 
a  testimonial  concert  was  given  for  his 
benefit,  at  Steinway  Hall,  May  18.  He 
was  received  at  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  by 
the  German  societies,  with  torch- light 
procession  and  cannonade.  May  15, 1872. 
5 


'^ .    j/iA> .  2./ ,  /  ir;  y  .  ,/V>r>TiLn-^ ,  /i  .  9 


^7        '  ^ 

6  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Abuse  of  Minstrelsy.  In  the 
reign  of  Edward  II.,  a  law  was  passed 
to  restrain  the  minstrels,  as  vagrants, 
from  entering  the  houses  of  the  wealthy, 
exacting  meat,  drink,  clothes,  or  other 
gifts. 

Abyssinian  Music.  This  race  were 
advanced  in  music,  and  used  six  mu- 
sical instruments,  —  the  sistrum,  lyre, 
tabor,  flute,  kettle-drum,  and  trumpet. 

Abyssinian  Trumpet,  made  of  a 
reed  iive  feet  and  a  half  long. 

Abyssinian  Flute  is  played  like 
our  clarinet. 

Abyssinian  Lyre  has  from  five  to 
seven  strings. 

Abyssinian  Sistrum,  made  of  metal 
plates,  oval  form. 

Abyssinian  Tabor  and  Drum,  used 
for  warlike  purposes. 

Academies  of  Music  are  ancient  in- 
stitutions, and  have  existed  since  1324; 
numerous  in  Europe,  but  more  in  Italy 
than  any  other  country. 

Academy,  Musical.  The  earliest 
known,  1324 ;  known  at  Yincenza,  1500 ; 
at  Paris,  1669;  in  England,  1710;  in 
America,  1833. 

Accentor.  Originally  the  vocal  or 
instrumental  performer  who  took  the 
leading  part. 

Accompanied  Madrigals  were 
those  written  for  voices  and  instru- 
ments; and  these  were  the  immediate 
precursors  of  the  opera. 

Accomplished  Singer.  Written 
by  Cotton  Mather,  Boston,  Mass.,  1721, 
to  allay  the  excitement  in  regard  to  the 
lawful  use  of  music  in  church. 

Accordeon,  a  well-known  musical 
instrument  now  manufactured  in  this 
country  as  well  as  in  France  and  Ger- 
many. 

Actions  for  Piano.  Mechanism 
attached  to  the  keys,  causing  the  ham- 
mers to  strike  the  strings. 

AcTis,  Abbe,  wrote  '"'  Observations  on 
the  Ear  and  the  Echo;'  1788. 

Actors.  Musical  actors  are  singers 
who  represent  human  nature  by  action, 
speech,  and  musical  intonation. 

Acts  of  Worship.  Invocation, 
prayer,  praise,  and  singing  ;  singing 
may  be  accompanied  by  instruments  of 
music. 

Adam,  Adolph  Charles,  born  at 
Paris,  1803;  entered  the  conservatory, 
1817;  composed  several  operas;  went 
to  London  1832,  but  soon  returned  to 
Paris,  where  he  died,  May  2,  1856,  aged 


53.  His  remains  were  followed  to  the 
grave  by  three  thousand  persons ;  and 
at  his  death  he  left  some  music  and  his 
memoirs  for  publication.  He  was  a  very 
active  composer;  and  among  his  operas 
are  ^^  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion}'  ''Xe  Pos- 
tilion de  Lo7ijumeau;'  ^^  La  Chalet;^ 
and  many  other  popular  operas. 

Adams,  Chas.  R.,  tenor  singer;  born 
in  Boston,  Mass ;  sang  in  opera  at  Ber- 
lin, and  in  several  European  theatres. 

Adams,  F.  W.,  violinist,  born  1787; 
made  at  Montpelier,  Vt.,  from  the  old- 
est obtainable  woods,  140  ^^ Ancient  Cre- 
monas  Revived;''  died  1859. 

Adams,  Miss  Jane,  born  in  Craw- 
ford sdyke,  West  of  Scotland,  wrote 
"  There  is  nae  Luck  about  the  House,'* 
and  published  it  1734.  She  died  in  the 
town  hospital  of  Glasgow,  April  3, 1765. 

Adams,  O.  S.,  Lyons,  N.Y. ;  author 
of  ^^  Amadeus,"  an  opera,  1874. 

Adams,  Samuel,  born  Sept.  22, 1722 ; 
died  Oct.  8,  1808,  when  governor  of 
Massachusetts,  sang  with  Billings,  and 
assisted  him  in  preparing  his  music- 
books. 

Adams,  Sarah,  author  of  the  hymn 
"Nearer,  my  God,  to  Thee,"  1848. 

Adams,  Zabdiel,  born  in  Braintree, 
Mass.,  Nov.  5,  1739;  published  a  tract 
on  music,  1771 ;  preached  37  years,  and 
died  March  1,  1801,  aged  62. 

Adrien,  a  monk  of  Canterbury,  was 
the  first  who  taught  the  Romish  music 
for  the  service  of  the  Church  in  Eng- 
land, 1703. 

^OLUs'  Harp.  An  ancient  instru- 
ment, much  like  the  ^olian  harp ; 
introduced  from  the  East  into  England 
during  1700. 

African  Music.  Though  the  peo- 
ple are  barbarous  in  some  parts  of  the 
country,  they  are  musical,  and  use  sev- 
eral instruments  with  skill ;  and  M.  Bow- 
dich  heard  in  the  interior  the  Alleluia  of 
Handel  performed  with  harp  accompani- 
ments. 

Afzelius,  the  venerable  collector  of 
Swedish  folk-songs,  died  at  Eukoping, 
1873. 

Agathon,  a  Greek  singer,  lived  400 
B.C. ;  his  style  of  singing  was  prover- 
bially excellent. 

Agraffe.  The  name  given  to  a 
method  of  stringing  instruments,  where 
the  wire  passes  through  the  agraffe,  then 
over  a  bridge  to  the  pin,  dividing  the  se- 
vere tension. 

Agricola,    John,   of   Erfurt,   pub- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


lished  many  motets,  also  canticles  for 
the  principal  festival,  1601. 

Ahner,  Henky,  born  1823  in  Sax- 
ony; trumpeter,  who  came  to  America 
1848 ;  died  at  Chicago  Feb.  3,  1858. 

Ahrend,  Thomas,  born  at  Magde- 
burg, 1829;  celebrated  after  coming  to 
America,  South  and  West,  as  a  teacher, 
and  settled  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

AiBi.iNGEB,  Joseph  K.,  born  in  Ger- 
many, 1765,  composer  and  conductor  at 
Munich ;  died  May,  1867. 

AiCHSPALT,  Peter,  celebrated  as  a 
y  street  singer;  became  archbishop  of 
Mentz ;  died  June,  1380^-^^ 

Aiken,  Jesse  B.J^hiladelphia,  in- 
vented three  new-shaped  patent  notes, 
^  184)^,  and  has  published  music-books 
frdm  1847  to  1875. 

Aiken,  John,  born  at  Kibworth;  fa- 
mous for  his  ^^  Essays  on  Song  Writing;  " 
died  Dec.  7,  1822. 

Aiken,  John  D.,  Spartansburg, 
Penn.,  invented,  1850,  a  monster  viol, 
consisting  of  fifty  smaller  ones,  strung 
like  the  violin,  and  played  with  keys 
like  the  piano-forte. 

Ainsworth,  Henry,  born  in  Eng- 
land; known  generally  by  his  "  Version 
of  the  Psalms,^'  set  to  music  at  Amster- 
dam, 1550:  this  collection  was  brought 
to  this  country  by  the  Puritans,  and 
used  until  the  printing  of  the  Bay 
Psalm-Book;  died  at  Amsterdam,  1622. 

AiRD,  James,  Glasgow,  author  of 
much  instrumental  music  in  Scotland, 
1770  to  1784. 

Akers,  Paul,,  invented  and  perfected 
a  mechanism  for  recording  improvised 
music  for  the  piano-forte,  1858. 

Albani,  Emma  [Emma  La  Jeunesse], 
born  at  Plattsburg,  N.Y.,  1850.  Her  fa- 
ther, Joseph  La  Jeunesse,  was  a  French 
music-teacher  of  Montreal,  Can.,  where 
he  married  the  daughter  of  a  wealthy 
Scotchman,  and  afterwards  settled  in 
Plattsburg.  Emma  was  the  oldest  of 
six  children,  and  was  trained  in  early 
life  in  the  study  of  music  by  her  father, 
and  displayed  remarkable  talents  for  the 
divine  art  from  the  most  tender  years.  _ 
Removing  to  Albany,  where  Emma  was" 
engaged  to  sing,  her  progress  attracted 
attention,  and  she  was  sent  to  Europe. 
She  made  her  first  appearance  in  opera 
at  Messina,  Sicily,  under  the  assumed 
name  of  Emma  Albani,  with  success; 
she  then  had  engagements  at  Malta, 
Florence,  and  at  the  principal  opera- 
houses  of  Italy ;  later  she  sang  in  Lon- 


don and  St.  Petersburg,  and  has  since 
ranked  with  the  first  artists  in  Europe. 
She  returned  to  America,  October,  1874. 

Albani,  Matthias,  a  renowned  vio- 
lin maker  of  the  Tyrol,  1654. 

Albee,  Amos,  teacher  and  composer, 
Medfield,  Mass.,  author  of  "  27te  Nor- 
folk Collection,''  1795. 

Albert,  Henry,  born  at  Lodestein, 
1604 ;  a  learned  composer ;  his  music  is 
still  used  in  Prussia;  died  1668. 

Albert,  Prince,  born  Aug.  26, 1819 ; 
married  Feb.  10, 1840 ;  composer  of  songs 
and  church  music ;  died  Dec.  14,  1861. 

Albertazzi  [Miss  Howson],  born  in 
London  1812;  famous  as  a  singer  from 
1837 ;  died  1847 ;  her  father  was  a  music- 
master  in  London. 

Alberti,  a  violinist  engaged  by  Fran- 
cis I.  of  France,  1530. 

Alberti,  a  guitarist  at  Paris,  1796. 

Alberti,  Dominico,  a  Venetian ;  as- 
tonished Farinelli  in  Spain  by  his  talent 
in  singing ;  he  set  some  operas  to  music, 
and  composed  thirty-six  sonatas;  died 
at  Rome. 

Albertus,  Magnus,  author  of  two 
treatises  on  music ;  died  1280. 

Albigenses.  The  people  of  Albi 
were  the  second  to  introduce  metrical 
psalmody,  1210. 

Albion  and  Alb  anus,  by  Dryden; 
first  performed  in  London,  1685. 

Albinoni,  Thomas,  composed  33  ope- 
ras for  Venice;  a  violinist,  1694  to  1730. 

Alboni,  Marietta,  born  at  Cesena, 
1826;  achieved  her  musical  reputation 
at  an  early  age  at  Milan ;  travelled 
through  Europe,  and  came  to  the  Unit- 
ed States,  June,  1852 ;  after  her  brilliant 
career  in  the  large  cities  of  America,  she 
returned  to  Europe  May  28,  1853. 

Albrecht,  of  the  German ia  Musical 
Society,  owned  in  1857  the  best  musi- 
cal library  in  America,  665  volumes,  at 
Philadelphia. 

Albrecht,  J.  L.,  director  of  the  mu- 
sic in  the  principal  church  of  Mulhau- 
sen,  died  about  the  year  1773;  published 
many  didactic  works  on  music. 

Albrechtsberger,  John  George, 
born  at  Klosterneuburg,  Feb.  3,  1736; 
was  in  1772  member  of  the  Academy, 
Vienna,  and  became  a  most  learned  con- 
trapuntist; composed  much,  and  wrote 
many  works  concerning  harmony  and 
composition;  died  March  7,  1809,  aged 
73. 

Alcman,  of  Sparta,  invented  choral 
dances,  and  excluded  hexameters  from 


8 


A  DICTIOKABT  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOl^. 


verses  to  be  sung  to  the  lyre ;  afterwards 
called  lyric  poetry. 

Alcock,  John,  doctor  of  music,  was 
born  in  London,  April  11, 1715;  he  com- 
posed songs,  church  music,  glees,  an- 
thems, instrumental  music,  chants,  &c., 
and  obtained  the  prize  at  the  Catch 
Club ;  died  at  Lichfield,  1806,  aged  91. 

Aldovandkini.  This  Italian  musi- 
cian composed  seven  operas  for  Bologna 
and  Venice,  between  the  years  1696  and 
1711. 

Aldrich,  Henry,  an  English  com- 
poser ;  born  1647 ;  died  1710 ;  his  library 
is  at  Oxford  College. 

Alessandro,  Romano,  a  singer  in 
the  Pope's  chapel,  1560;  a  performer 
on  the  viol;  composed  motets  accom- 
panied by  many  instruments;  also  in- 
vented canzonets  for  four  and  five 
voices. 

Alexander,  a  native  of  Asia  Minor, 
was  the  founder  of  a  sect  of  persons 
who  thought  it  a  religious  duty  to  keep 
awake  day  and  night  to  sing  music,  be- 
lieving that  constant  singing  would  fit 
them  for  heaven ;  died  430. 

Alexander,  of  Russia,  established 
nineteen  theatres  for  the  performance 
of  opera,  1858. 

Alexandre,  M.,  claimed,  in  Paris, 
1853,  the  invention  of  a  new  musical  in- 
strument called  the  "  Orgue  (V  Alexan- 
dre,^^ with  three  finger-boards,  and  the 
power  of  combining  the  effects  of  a  full 
orchestra;  exhibited  at  Bologna,  1856. 
See  Debain. 

Alfieri,  a  musician  and  poet:  the 
scenes  of  his  ^^Timoleon^^  are  very  fine; 
composed  when  listening  to  soft  music, 
or  immediately  after  having  heard  it. 

Alford,  Rev.  Henry,  born  in  Lon- 
(k-^fdon,    1810;    published    ^^  Psalms   and 
^     '  Hymns;'  1844. 

Algemeine  Musikalische  Zei- 
TUNG,  commenced  at  Leipsic,  Germa- 
ny, 1798. 

Alix,  of  Aix,  in  Provence,  about 
1650,  constructed  an  automaton  figure 
having  the  shape  of  a  human  skeleton, 
which,  by  means  of  concealed  mechan-, 
ism,  had  the  appearance  of  playing  on 
the  guitar.  After  its  exhibition,  a  ru- 
mor arose  that  Alix  was  a  sorceror,  and 
in  league  with  the  Devil ;  he  was  arrest- 
ed, tried  on  the  capital  charge  of  magic, 
or  witchcraft,  condemned,  and  burned 
alive,  together  with  his  wonderful  au- 
tomaton, 1664. 

Allan,  Madame  Caradori,  bom 


U^/u^ 


at  Milan,  1800;  went  to  England,  and 
under  the  name  of  Caradori  made  her 
debut  at  the  King's  Theatre,  Jan.  12, 
1822;  became  known  there  and  at  the 
concerts  of  the  Philharmonic  Society, 
and  as  the  composer  of  some  pleasing 
romances ;  married  Mr.  Allan,  secretary 
of  the  theatre,  1823 ;  sang  in  opera  with 
Formes;  sang  in  Vienna  and  other 
places  with  success ;  came  to  New  York, 
September,  1837;  appeared  at  the  Park 
Theatre,  and  was  pronounced  a  finished 
vocalist  and  fine  actress ;  in  1840,  made 
a  concert  tour  through  the  United 
States;  returned  to  New  York;  went 
again  to  England;  sang  at  Naples  and 
elsewhere;  retired  from  the  stage,  and 
died  1865,  aged  65.     See  Caradorl 

Alleghanians,  a  New  England  con- 
cert company  formed  in  1848  ;"have  con- 
tinued to  give  concerts  in  this  and  other 
countries  with  success  to  this  time. 

Allegranti,  M.,  one  of  the  most 
famous  singers  of  her  time,  1771 ;  sang 
in  Italy,  Germany,  England,  and  other 
countries,  in  oratorio  and  opera. 

Allegri,  Giovanni  Battista,  or- 
ganist and  composer  of  motets,  Venice, 
1700. 

Allegri,  Gregorio,  born  at  Rome, 
1590 ;  became  one  of  the  most  excellent 
composers  of  his  age;  his  '^Miserere" 
is  still  sung ;  died  Feb.  18,  1652. 

Allen,  Chester  G.,  born  in  West- 
ford,  Otsego  Co.,  N.Y.,  Feb.  15,  1838; 
teacher,  composer,  and  editor  of  ^^  New- 
York  Musical  Gazette.' ' 

Alley,  Joseph,  known  as  a  manu- 
facturer of  Enharmonic  organs^  New- 
buryport,  Mass. ;  the  instrument  was 
invented,  1848,  by  Alley  &  Poole,  and 
is  the  first  successful  attempt  to  solve 
the  problem  of  perfect  intonation. 

Allison,  Richard,  of  London,  was 
one  of  the  composers  who  adapted  the 
Psalms  to  music,  1594;  published  a  col- 
lection of  music,  1606. 

Alphabet  of  the  musical  scale ;  the 
seven  first  letters  of  the  alphabet  were 
used  in  music  by  Gregory,  and  applied 
by  Guido.  The  Greeks  used  their  alpha- 
bet of  1620  characters  in  music. 

Alpine  Horn,  made  of  the  bark  of  a 
cherry-tree,  and  like  a  speaking-trum- 
pet used  to  convey  sounds  to  a  great 
distance ;  peculiar  to  Alpine  hunters. 

Alpine  Melodies.  The  songs  of 
the  Tyrol  have  a  wildness  peculiar  to 
mountain  music,  and  are  unl.'ke  the 
music  of  any  other  people. 


{/WVt  *>^<Ut|  LO  ''    ?^^  (TkJT/. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Alpius,  born  at  Alexandria,  Egypt, 
360 ;  wrote  an  account  of  the  manner  in 
which  the  ancients  composed  their  mu- 
sic; the  characters  used  numbered  1620. 

Altist,  the  person  who  sings  or  plays 
the  alto  primo  part. 

Alto  Flute,  used  in  some  bands  to 
play  the  tenor  part. 

Alto  Viola,  a  small  tenor  viol  upon 
which  the  alto  is  played. 

Amadio,  Car.,  published  some  Ital- 
ian dramas  1669. 

Amanu,  Weinlich,  directress  of  the 
famous  European  Ladies'  Orchestra, 
forty  performers ;  first  appeared  in  Ber- 
lin i873. 

Amati.  Four  persons  of  this  name, 
celebrated  makers  of  violins,  lived  at 
Cremona, — Andrew,  and  two  sons,  Je- 
rome and  Antony ;  also  Nicholas,  a  son 
of  Antony.  Of  these,  Andrew  and  Je- 
rome became  celebrated,  1650. 

Amati,  Andrew,  made  the  celebrat- 
ed twenty-four  instruments  for  King 
Charles  IX.,  consisting  of  six  violins, 
six  seconds,  six  tenors,  and  six  violon- 
cellos; and  these  made  the  factory  fa- 
mous. He  was  assisted  in  his  work  by 
Nicholas,  the  head  of  the  family. 

Amati,  Jerome,  eldest  son  of  An- 
drew, became  a  famous  violin-maker; 
his  instruments  differ  in  some  respects 
from  those  of  his  father  and  grandfa- 
ther. 

Amati,  Antony,  brother  of  Jerome, 
followed  the  same  business,  and  made 
similar  instruments. 

Amati,  Nicholas,  the  younger,  son 
of  Antony,  made  some  very  choice  vio- 
lins. These  four  are  generally  the  per- 
sons spoken  of  as  makers  of  Amati  vio- 
lins. One  other  person  of  the  name  is 
sometimes  mentioned. 

Amati,  Hieronimo,  who  had  a  son 
named  Nicolo,  are  of  the  same  family; 
and  both  made  violins  after  1662. 

Ambros,  a.  W.,  born  in  Manth,  Bo- 
hemia, 1816  ;  pianist  and  composer  ; 
known  in  this  country  by  his  published 
works. 

Ambrose,  St.,  introduced  what  is 
called  the  ^^ Cantus  Ambrosianus^^  into 
his  church  at  Milan,  about  the  end  of 
the  fourth  century ;  said  by  St.  Augus- 
tine to  have  brought  this  manner  of 
singing  from  Greece.  St.  Ambrose  only 
used  the  four  authentic  modes :  the  four 
plagal  were  afterwards  added  by  St. 
.  Gregory. 

Ambrosian  Chants.     These  came 


from  the  East,  374,  and  were  such  as 
were  used  by  the  primitive  Christian 
Church. 

Amedei,  an  Italian,  composed,  joint- 
ly with  Orlandi,  the  opera  of  "^r.sace." 

Amicis,  Anna  De.  An  Italian  singer, 
born  at  Naples,  1740;  married  a  secre- 
tary of  the  king ;  held  the  first  rank  in 
opera,  and  retired  in  1771. 

Amodio,  a.,  born  at  Naples,  1831; 
known  in  Europe  and  in  this  country 
as  an  opera  singer;  died  near  Havana, 
June,  1861.  His  brother  Frederico  is 
also  famous  as  a  singer. 

Amoyt,  Pere,  author  of  "  The  Music 
of  the  C-hinese,''  mentions  most  of  their 
musical  instruments. 

Amphion,  a  Theban,  and  the  eldest 
of  the  Grecian  musicians,  married  in 
Lydia,  where  he  learned  music,  and 
brought  the  art  to  Greece. 

Anacreon,  born  at  Teos  in  Ionia; 
lived  500  years  before  Jesus  Christ;  is 
said  by  Athenaeus  to  have  invented  the 
instrument  called  Barbiton ;  died  by  be- 
ing choked  with  a  grape-stone. 

Ancient  Chants  exist,  written  as 
early  as  900;  but  the  notation  resem- 
bles only  figures,  similar  to  short-hand 
characters,  and  cannot  now  be  read  cor- 
rectly. 

Ancient  Concert,  established  in 
London,  1774;  in  Dublin,  1834. 

Ancient  Instruments.  A  sackbut^ 
one  of  the  instruments  often  mentioned 
in  the  sacred  writings,  was  found  at 
Pompeii,  in  the  ashes  of  Mount  Vesu- 
vius, from  which  has  been  fashioned 
the  modern  trombone. 

Ancient  Time-beating  was  by  the 
foot,  which  was  lifted  up  and  beat  down 
to  mark  the  time;  the  foot  was  fur- 
nished with  wooden  or  iron  shoes ;  later 
oyster-shells  and  bones  were  used  to 
mark  the  time. 

Ancient  Tragedy  was  accompanied 
by  instruments  of  music  to  regulate  the 
tones  of  the  voice. 

Ancilia,  shields  upon  which  the  an- 
cients beat  the  time  to  their  music,  as 
the  moderns  beat  the  drum. 

Anderson,  John,  of  Edinburgh, 
composer  of  songs  and  dance-music, 
1790;  living  in  1839.  Thomas,  of  Kelso, 
a  Border  piper.  The  song  '■'John  An- 
derson^^  was  written  1578,  and  is  in 
Queen  Elizabeth's  virginal-book. 

Andre,  John,  born  at  Offenbach  in 
1741.  His  first  work  was  an  opera  called 
*'  TJie  Porter y''   which  was    played   at 


10 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION 


Frankfort.  **Erwin  and  Elmira^^  fol- 
lowed, and  later,  at  Berlin,  composed 
many  operas,  sonatas  for  the  pianoforte, 
violin,  and  violoncello,  and  other  mu- 
sic ;  died  1799.  He  established  the  most 
famous  music  warehouse  in  Europe. 

Andke,  John  Antony,  born  at  Of- 
fenbach, 1775;  pianist  and  violinist; 
became  known  as  a  composer  1793, 
when  he  made  a  musical  tour  in  the 
Rhine  cities ;  composed  much  music, 
and  published  a  *'  General  Treatise  on 
Music,^'  six  volumes. 

Androides,  an  automaton  in  the 
form  of  a  human  being,  so  contrived 
that  it  will  perform  upon  musical  in- 
struments by  means  of  machinery. 

Anerio,  F.,  born  at  Rome,  1560;  a 
voluminous  composer;  died  1630. 

Anfossi,  p.,  born  1736;  a  composer 
of  operas  at  Rome,  where  he  died  1795. 

Angelic  Hymn.  So  called  because 
it  begins  with  the  song  of  the  angels  at 
Bethlehem ;  it  has  been  sung  in  the 
Eastern  churches  since  139,  and  in 
England  for  1,500  years. 

Anglo-Saxon  Instruments.  Harp, 
viols,  trumpets,  horns,  organs,  pipes, 
bells,  and  others. 

Angri,  Elena,  born  on  the  island  of 
Corfu.  May  14,  1824;  sang  in  London, 
1849,  1850;  came  to  this  country  1856, 
and  gave  concerts  with  Thalberg. 

Anschutz,  Carl,  born  in  Germany ; 
came  to  the  United  States  1857 ;  an  ac- 
complished musician;  died  in  Boston, 
Jan.  23,  1870. 

Apollonicon,  built  in  London,  Eng., 
1849,  intended  to  produce  the  effect  of 
several  united  bands. 

Appleton,Thomas,  of  Boston,  Mass. , 
was  with  W.  M.  Goodrich,  organ-build- 
er, 1807,  and  afterwards  with  Babcock 
and  two  brothers  named  Hayt;  com- 
menced the  business,  and  continued  to 
make  organs  and  piano-fortes  until  1820, 
when  he  began  to  build  on  his  own  ac- 
count. 

Aptommas,  M.,  born  in  South  Wales, 
1829 ;  settled  in  New  York  as  a  teacher ; 
is  celebrated  as  a  harpist. 

Arab  Instruments.  Those  in  use 
on  the  Nile  are,  the  drum,  open  at  one 
end,  carried  utider  the  arm,  and  beat 
with  both  hands;  a  reed-pipe;  and 
pipes  which  resemble  the  sound  of  the 
bagpipe. 

Arabian  Music  is  mostly  in  the 
minor  mode,  rude  and  barbarous ;  they 
use  various   instruments.     In   1873   a 


hymn  and  tune  book  was  prepared  in 
Arabic  ;  the  book  is  now  used  in  the 
mission  churches,  and  is  the  first  music 
written  to  be  read  backward;  it  was 
prepared  by  Dr.  Lewis,  of  the  Syrian 
College. 

Arbuthnot,  Dr.  John,  wrote  several 
anthems,  printed  in  1712;  he  wrote  also 
several  burlesque  poems ;  died  1735. 

Arch-Lute.  A  theorbo  or  large  lute ; 
formerly  of  great  repute  as  a  solo  instru- 
ment ;  still  used  in  Italy. 

Arditi,  Luigi,  born  at  Crescentino, 
Piedmont,  1822 ;  a  composer  and  violin- 
ist ;  travelled  through  Europe,  and  came 
to  this  country,  September,  1846;  made 
a  tour  of  the  States,  and  returned  to 
Europe,  1856. 

Apollino,  invented  by  A.  Plimpton, 
Medway,  Mass.,  1820;  it  combined  the 
organ,  orchestra,  band,  harp,  imitation 
of  birds,  drums,  cymbals,  and  musical 
glasses. 

Appy,  Henri,  born  at  the  Hague, 
1828;  violinist;  gave  concerts  in  Ger- 
many, France,  and  in  this  country  1851. 

Arcadians.  A  people  who  made  mu- 
sic a  branch  of  their  education,  and  con- 
sidered it  infamous  to  be  ignorant  of  the 
science. 

Arians.  a  sect  known  to  have  used 
metrical  psalmody  previous  to  1210. 

Arion.  a  lyric  poet  and  musician  of 
Methymna,  in  the  island  of  Lesbos,  who 
flourished  about  six  hundred  years  be- 
fore the  Christian  era ;  he  invented  the 
dithyrambic  measure,  and  composed 
many  hymns. 

Ariosti,  Attilio,  born  about  1660, 
at  Bologna ;  early  known  in  Gennany ; 
arrived  in  England  1716,  where  he  intro- 
duced the  viola  d^ amour,  a  new  instru- 
ment, and  composed  several  operas ;  gave 
Handel  lessons  on  the  harpsichord  at 
Berlin. 

Armonica.  The  name  given  to  an 
instrument  constructed  by  Benjamin 
Franklin,  afterward  known  as  musical 
glasses. 

Armstrong,  Jennie,  born  in  Wis- 
casset,  Me. ;  became  famous  as  a  singer 
in  Italy,  1873,  under  the  name  of  Avi- 
gliane. 

Armstrong,  Richard,  retained  the 
full  power  of  his  voice  at  the  age  of 
sixty,  and  performed  his  own  accom- 
paniments on  the  piano-forte,  in  Lon- 
don, after  that  time. 

Arne,  Dr.  Thomas  Augustine,  was 
born  March  12,  1710,  in  London;  be- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


11 


came  early  celebrated  as  a  composer, 
and  established  his  reputation  by  set- 
ting Milton's  "  Comus^'  to  music  —  light, 
airy,  and  original;  he  composed  many 
songs,  and  nearly  all  his  attempts  were 
successful ;  died  March  5, 1778,  aged  68. 

Arne,  Michael,  son  of  Dr.  Arne,  at 
the  age  of  eleven  years  could  perform 
music  at  sight;  he  composed  several 
operas,  and  ranked  high  among  English 
performers. 

Arnold,  J.,  author  of  an  English  col- 
lection of  psalmody,  1773,  which  was 
used  in  this  country. 

Arnold,  Dr.  Samuel,  an  English 
musician  and  composer;  born  in  Lon- 
don, Aug.  10,  1739;  composed  for  the 
theatre,  the  church,  and  also  oratorio 
music;  succeeded  Dr.  Nares  as  organ- 
ist ;  died  at  Westminster,  Oct.  22,  1802. 

Arnold,  Samuel,  Jr.,  a  composer  of 
musical  dramas  and  operas,  London, 
Eng.,  1794  to  1824;  died  Aug.  16,  1852. 

Arpa,  a  harp.  Arpa  doppia,  dou- 
ble harp. 

Artot,  Joseph,  a  celebrated  violin- 
ist; born  at  Brussels,  Feb.  4,  1815; 
visited  this  country,  and  gave  concerts, 
1844 ;  died  at  Paris,  July  20,  1845. 

Asaph,  a  musician  of  the  tribe  of 
Levi,  in  the  age  of  David.  Twelve 
Psalms  bear  his  name,  but  it  is  not 
generally  thought  he  composed  them. 

Ascher,  Joseph,  born  1830 ;  pro- 
duced many  piano-forte  compositions; 
was  pianist  to  the  French  Empress,  and 
decorated  by  the  queen  of  Spain ;  died 
of  brain  disease,  June,  1869,  aged  39. 

Ashe,  Andrew,  born  at  Lisburne, 
Ireland,  1759 ;  famous  as  a  pianist ; 
director  of  the  Bath  concerts,  and  a 
composer ;  his  wife  was  an  oratorio 
singer,  and  his  daughters  excellent  per- 
formers on  the  piano-forte  and  harp. 

Ashley.  Four  brothers,  —  the  Gen- 
eral, a  violinist,  died  near  London, 
1818;  John  James,  composer  and  au- 
thor, for  seven  years  director  of  ora- 
torios in  London ;  Charles,  violoncel- 
list and  one  of  the  original  members  of 
the  Philharmonic  Society;  Richard, 
the  principal  tenor  at  the  York  musical 
festival,  182.3. 

Ashley,  John,  of  Bath,  Eng.,  bas- 
soonist and  vocalist  for  nearly  half  a 
century ;  a  composer  of  many  songs  and 
other  music. 

AsHWELL,  T.,  a  church  composer  in 
the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  Many  of  his 
works  are  still  presei-ved  at  Oxford,  Eng. 


AspuLL,  George,  born  1820 ;  remark- 
able as  pianist  and  singer  from  the  age 
of  five  years ;  died  Aug.  20,  1832. 

Assyrian  Music.  Assyria,  from  re- 
cent investigations,  was  the  parent  of 
musical  science ;  from  this  country  the 
Hebrews,  Egyptians,  and  other  Eastern 
nations,  derived  their  knowledge  of  mu- 
sic, vocal  and  instrumental. 

AsTORGA,  Baron  E.  D'.,  a  Sicilian 
composer;  went  to  Eng.,  where  he  wrote 
several  much  esteemed  cantatas,  &c. 

Atabal.  The  name  of  the  Syrian, 
Arabic,  and  Moorish  tambourine:  it  is 
like  the  Spanish  kettledrum. 

Atterbury,  L.,  the  celebrated  Eng- 
lish glee  composer,  born  1740 ;  died  1800, 
aged  60.  Francis,  born  1062,  was  a 
noted  musical  writer ;  died  1731. 

Attwood,  Thomas,  born  1767 ;  organ- 
ist and  composer;  wrote  many  operas 
and  other  works ;  died  March  24,  1838. 

Auber,  Daniel  Francois  Esprit, 
born  at  Caen,  Jan.  29,  178^;  one  of  the  % — 
most  prolific  of  the  French  composers ; 
received  many  marks  of  regal  and  im- 
perial favor ;  became  famous  as  an  opera 
composer;  died  MayAl871,  aged 87.  His  J  ">- 
melodies  are  known  all  over  the  civil- 
ized world. 

Aubert,  violinist  and  composer  at 
Paris,  died  1758;  his  son  was  first  viol- 
inist at  the  opera  until  1771,  when  he 
retired  with  a  pension.  P.  F.  Olivier 
Aubert,  born  at  Amiens  1763,  wrote 
some  musical  works,  and  published 
many  instrumental  compositions;  was 
a  violoncellist. 

AuGiER,  Emile,  a  French  composer 
of  operas ;  born  at  Valence  Drome,  Sept. 
17,  1820. 

Augustine,  St.,  born  in  Africa ; 
wrote  six  books  on  music,  wliich  were 
printed  at  Lyons,  1586,  eleven  hundred 
and  forty-six  years  after  his  death, 
which  took  place  A.D.  440. 

AuLD,  Alexander,  Columbus,  O., 
composer  and  compiler  of  four  collec- 
tions of  music  from  1847  to  1875. 

Augustus,  Duke  of  Brunswick,  em- 
ployed a  musician  of  Gotha  to  copy  for 
him  many  musical  instrumental  works 
in  score.  The  collection  was  finished 
1663,  and  consisted  of  music  by  the 
Bach  family  and  others;  it  was  in  the 
University  at  Helmstadt,  1856;  and  the 
works  dated  back  to  1650,  being  fifty 
years  older  than  any  then  known  as 
coming  from  the  Bach  family.  When 
Sebastian  Bach,  late  in  life,  collected 


12 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


the  musical  posthumous  works  of  his 
ancestors,  he  was  not  able  to  find  a 
piece  composed  previous  to  1693. 

Austin,  Adam,  born  at  Edinburgh, 
Nov.  28, 1726 ;  a  celebrated  song-writer ; 
died  1774. 

Austin,  St.,  established  a  school  for 
instruction  in  ecclesiastical  music  at 
Canterbury,  Eng.,  in  the  ninth  century. 

Automaton  Carillon.  A  two-oc- 
tave chime  of  bells,  invented  1868  by  E. 
Scherr,  of  Philadelphia,  Penn. ;  it  can 
perform  any  music  within  its  compass. 

Automaton  Vocalist.  A  German 
artist  constructed  a  speaking  machine, 
which  talks  and  sings  with  distinctness ; 
it  is  a  life-like  figure ;  the  machinery  is 
operated  by  keys  like  those  of  a  piano- 
forte ;  the  inventor  is  M.  Faber. 

Automaton  Clarinet  Player. 
This  figure  plays  upon  the  clarinet  and 
cornet,  —  thirty- two  tones  on  the  clari- 
net, and  sixteen  on  the  cornet ;  invent- 
ed by  Mr.  Van  Oeckelen,  an  organ- 
builder  in  Holland. 


Automaton  Lady  Minstrel  and 
Bird,  constructed  by  Obed  M.  Cole- 
man, of  Barnstable,  Mass.,  while  living 
at  New  Bedford ;  this  figure  performed 
on  the  accordeon  as  the  bird  sang. 

AuTOPHON.  An  instrument  con- 
structed by  Charles  Dawson,  of  Lon- 
don, 1849 ;  can  perform  any  music  sup- 
plied to  it;  constructed  on  the  principle 
of  a  barrel-organ. 

AvENA.  The  third  kind  of  musical 
instrument  used  by  the  ancients;  it 
succeeded  the  instruments  formed  of 
horns  of  animals;  it  was  a  straw  or 
reed. 

AvisoN,  Charles,  organist  and  au- 
thor ;  born  1710 ;  died  1770. 

Ayrton,  Edmund,  born  1734  at  Rip- 
ton,  Eng. ;  organist  and  composer ;  wrote 
much  music  while  master  at  the  royal 
chapel ;  died  1808. 

Ayton,  Sir  Robert  (sometimes  writ- 
ten Aytoun),  born  in  Fifeshire,  Scot- 
land, 1570;  aproHfic  composer  of  songs; 
died  in  London,  March,  1638,  aged  68. 


B. 


B.  De  Nevers,  a  French  musician, 
first  applied  the  tone  name  si  to  this 
letter. 

Babbi  C,  violinist  and  composer, 
1780 ;  Gregorio  was  a  tenor  opera 
singer,  Lisbon,  1775. 

Babbini  M.  tenor  siuger  in  opera, 
London,  1785. 

Babcock  Samuel,  one  of  the  early 
teachers  and  composers  of  sacred  music 
in  this  country,  was  of  Watertown, 
Mass.,  and  his  compositions  hold  their 
place  in  the  collections  of  common 
psalmody  to  this  time;  he  published, 
1795,  "  The  Middlesex  Harmony.^' 

Bacchanalian  Songs,  were  first 
sung  at  the  Greek  mysteries  and  festi- 
vals of  Bacchus ;  they  are  now  sung  in 
Germany,  France,  England,  and  other 
countries.  The  Roman  Senate  abol- 
ished such  songs  186  years  B.C. 

Bacchus,  the  conqueror,  left  music, 
dancing,  and  poetry  at  Thrace;  wrote 
the  first  musical  catechism ;  established 
a  music  school,  and  exempted  from 
military  duty  all  skilful  musicians. 
There  was  a  god  of  song  by  this  name. 

Bach  Veit,  the  founder  of  the  Bach 
family  was  a  native  of  Presburg,  in  Hun- 
gary, and  was  noted  for  his  skill  upon 


the  guitar.  There  are  many  individuals 
of  this  name,  whose  lives  spread  over  a 
period  of  two  or  more  centuries ;  a  brief 
notice  of  the  most  famous  would  occupy 
an  extended  space. 

Bach,  John  Sebastian,  born  March 
21,  1685,  at  Eisenach,  was  a  very  great 
musician;  wrote  an  enormous  list  of 
works,  in  every  form  of  sacred  music, 
orchestral  compositions,  chamber  music, 
&c. ;  died  at  Leipsic,  July  30,  1750,  in 
the  sixty-sixth  year  of  his  age. 

Bach,  Carl  Philipp  Emmanuel, 
born  at  Weimar,  March  14, 1714 ;  music- 
director  at  Hamburg,  a  prolific  com- 
poser, great  in  all  departments ;  as  a 
writer  of  songs,  odes,  psalms,  &c.,  he 
surpassed  all  his  cotemporaries ;  died  at 
Hamburg,  of  consumption,  Sept.  14, 
1788. 

Bach,  John  Christian,  born  in 
Leipsic,  1735 ;  organist  and  composer  at 
Milan,  Italy;  appeared  in  London,  Eng., 
1739,  as  a  virtuoso  on  keyed  instruments ; 
became  a  composer  of  operas,  and  died 
Jan.  1782. 

Bach,  Heinrich,  born  at  Wechmar, 
1615 ;  became  famous  as  an  organist  and 
musician ;  was  settled  at  Arnstadt,  1643, 
and  died  1692. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


13 


Bach,  Hans,  eldest  son  of  Veit, 
city  musician  at  Wechmar;  died  1626. 
Bach,  ^gidius,  born  1645 ;  organist  at 
Erfurt;  died  1717. 

Bache,  Sarah,  daughter  of  Benja- 
min Franklin;  born  at  Philadelphia, 
September,  1744;  a  famous  harpist;  in 
1777,  when  the  enemy  approached  the 
city,  she  took  refuge  in  the  country ;  she 
wrote  her  father  "that  the  rapacious 
crew  had  stolen  and  carried  off  his 
harps,  bells,  viol  da  gamba,  &c. ;  but 
the  Armonica  is  safe." 

Bachmann,  F.  W.,  violinist  and  com- 
poser, Berlin,  1824. 

Backers,  A.,  a  German,  and  early 
maker  of  piano-fortes;  there  is  one  in 
London  bearing  the  inscription,  Amer- 
icus  Backers,  factor  and  inventor,  1776. 

Bacon,  L.  W.,  New  Haven,  Conn., 
author  of  a  collection  of  church  music 
and  a  book  for  social  worship,  1854. 

Bacon,  Lord,  wrote  upon  "Dan- 
cing to  Song,  Acting  in  Song,"  and 
** Choirs;"  also  directions  to  singers. 

Bader  a.,  a  tenor  singer,  associated 
with  Spontini's  Opera;  died  at  Berlin, 
Ger.,  May  14,  1870,  aged  81. 

Badger,  Thomas,  Jun.,  commenced 
in  Boston,  April,  1820,  the  first  musical 
paper  in  this  country, "  The  Euterpeiad,'^ 
edited  by  John  R.  Parker. 

B ADiALi,  an  opera  singer  of  renown ; 
died  at  Bologna,  1865,  aged  66.  His 
brother  Frederico,  also  a  popular 
opera  singer,  died  in  New  York,  August, 
1855. 

Bagioli  a.,  born  at  Bologna,  1794; 
came  to  this  country  with  the  Mon- 
tresser  opera  company,  1832;  the  first 
Italian  troupe  that  came  here ;  he  settled 
and  died  in  New  York,  Feb.  11,  1870, 
aged  76. 

Bagpipe,  an  instrument  which  has 
long  been  a  favorite  with  the  natives  of 
Scotland;  it  has  been  much  used  in 
other  countries;  even  the  Greeks  and 
Romans  were  acquainted  with  it.  Bag- 
pipers flourished  from  1700  to  1800  in 
Scotland. 

Baif,  J.  A.  De,  established  an  acad- 
emy of  music  and  wrote  several  musical 
works ;  died  at  Paris,  1591. 

Baildon,  a  celebrated  English  glee 
composer,  from  1760  to  1780. 

Bailey,  Thomas  (sometimes  printed 
Bayley),  Newburyport,  Ma:  s.,publislied, 
1755,  ''A  Complete  Melody  in  Three 
Parts,'^  which  had  a  great  sale;  was 
afterwards  connected  with  the  produc- 


tion of  several  other  books  of  music; 
was  a  composer  of  psalmody;  published 
^^  Universal  Harmony, ^^  1774;  and  was 
at  one  time  connected  in  business  with 
Daniel  Bailey. 

Bailey,  Daniel,  Newburyport, 
Mass.,  a  composer  and  publisher  of 
music;  produced  his  ''New  and  Com- 
plete Introduction  to  the  Grounds  and 
Rules  of  Music,''  in  Two  Parts,  1764; 
published  "  The  Essex  Harmony,  or  Mu- 
sical Miscellany,''  1785;  in  this  work  he 
was  assisted  by  his  son,  and  mentions 
himself  as  "  author  of  'Select  Harmony,' 
a  book  of  anthems  in  quarto,  and  a  set 
of  tunes  to  bind  in  psalm-books." 

Baillie,  Grisell,  born  Dec.  2.5, 
1665 ;  author  of  a  book  of  original  songs 
with  music;  died  in  London,  Dec.  6, 
1746.  Alexander,  author  of  "Insti- 
tutions of  Music,"  "  Airs  for  the  Flute,'* 
and  a  "  Treatise  on  Harmony,"  1735. 

Baillot,  p.,  violinist,  born  near 
Paris,  1771;  published  much  music; 
died  1842. 

Baini,  a.  G.,  born  at  Rome,  1775 ;  a 
famous  musical  historian,  singer,  and 
director;  died  1844. 

Baker,  J.  C,  born  at  Salisbury,  N.H., 
August,  1822,  well  known  as  of  the 
family  of  vocalists  in  concerts ;  Clara 
L.,  wife  of  George  E.,  famous  vocalist, 
died  at  Waukegan,  111.,  Aug.  11,  1858. 

Baker,  John,  a  London  organist, 
came  to  Boston,  1850;  built  an  organ 
there,  and  moved  to  Cleveland,  O. 
Baker,  G.  J.,  of  the  Society  of  British 
Musicians ;  died  1851.  'Thomas^  came 
to  New  York  with  Jullien's^^^r^iestra, 
1850.  T.  M.,  of  Chariestown,  Mass., 
in  1822  issued  "  MusiQOt' Cabinet." 

Baker,  TnoMAsf  an  English  vio- 
linist; author  of  "  Modern  Instructions 
for  Piano-forte;"  came  to  New  York, 
1850;  composer  and  conductor;  a  rela- 
tion of  George  IV. 

Baker,    B.    F.,    born   at   Wenham,      ^ 
Mass.,  July  10, 1811 ;  held  many  conven-     ^ 
tions;  was  six  years  Vice-President  of     -^ 
the  Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  Boston ; 
a  teacher  in  the  public  schools ;  princi- 
pal of  the  Boston  Music  School ;  a  com- 
poser of    much    music,   and  editor  of 
a  large  number  of  church  music,  school 
instruction,  glee,  and  other  music  books.      ^ 

Balfe,  M.  W.,  born  in  Dublin,  May    t-^ 
15,  1808;  became  principal  violinist  in   .^ 
the    Drury    Lane    orchestra,    London,      ^ 
1823;  in  1825  went  on  the  stage  as  an    '^ 
opera  singer ;  married  a  prima  donna,    '^ 


14 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Lina  Rezer,  and  became  a  composer  of 
operas,  of  which  his  *^  Bohemian  GirV 
was  the  most  successful.  He  sang  in 
New  York,  18o4;  in  1857,  published 
*' A  New  Singing  Method;^''  died  in 
Hertfordshire,  Eng.,  Oct.  21,  1870,  in 
his  sixty-third  year.  He  had  made  two 
visits  to  this  country,  and  was  intend- 
ing to  come  here  again  in  1871. 

Balfe,  Victoria,  born  in  Paris, 
Sept.  1,  1837;  opera  singer  in  London 
and  St.  Petersburg;  married  Sir  John 
Cramton ;  died  at  Madrid,  Jan.  22,  1865. 

Ballad,  originally  signified  a  dance, 
accompanied  by  a  chant,  and  was  panto- 
mimic ;  also  a  history  in  verse,  sung  to 
the  harp  or  viol. 

Ballad  Music.  England  is  the 
great  manufactory  and  mart  of  this 
kind  of  music,  and  the  terai  is  now 
applied  to  all  sorts  of  modern  songs. 
The  word  implies  a  brief,  simple  tale  or 
history. 

Ballalaika.  a  Sclavonian  instru- 
ment of  two  strings,  common  among 
the  Russians,  Tartars,  Egyptians,  and 
Arabians ;  it  is  of  the  guitar  kind,  and 
very  ancient. 

Ballet,  introduced  in  the  time  of 
Isabel  of  Arragon,  but  first  became 
fashionable  in  the  time  of  Catherine  de 
Medici.  Ballet  dancers  first  appeared 
on  the  stage  1661. 

Baltzar,  Thomas,  born  at  Lubec, 
1638 ;  died  1663 ;  was  master  of  the  band 
of  "four  and  twenty  fiddlers,  all  in  a 
row,"  time  of  Charles  II. 

Bamerino,  Francisco,  an  Italian, 
claimed  as  the  first  composer  who  set 
an  opera  to  music ;  it  was  called  the 
^^ Conversion  of  St.  Paul,"  and  was  per- 
formed at  Rome,  1460. 

Bancroft,  Silas  A.,  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  a  teacher  and  composer,  pub- 
lished several  collections  of  church 
music  and  a  "Social  Glee  Book"  with 
William  Mason,  1848,  in  which  some  of 
his  compositions  appear. 

Banfi,  G.,  an  Italian  lute-player, 
taken  prisoner  by  pirates,  and  sold  as  a 
slave;  the  Bey  of  Tunis  was  so  en- 
chanted with  his  playing  that  he  pur- 
cliased  him  and  gave  him  liberty;  he 
then  took  service  with  the  king  of  Spain, 
composed  much  music,  and  died  1670. 

Banister,  John,  was  the  first  Eng- 
lish violinist  of  note;  succeeded  Balt- 
zar as  band-master  to  King  Charles ;  he 
was  the  first  to  establish  lucrative  con- 
certs   in  London;    died  Oct.   3,   1679. 


His  son,  John,  was  a  violinist,  and  one 
of  King  William's  band;  also  a  com- 
poser; died  1725. 

Banjo.  A  rude  imitation  of  the 
guitar  united  with  tambourine,  having 
five  strings.  The  name  is  the  corrupted 
and  softened  form  of  the  bandore,  a 
Greek  instrument. 

Banti,  B.  G.,  born  at  Georgi.  1759; 
a  famous  singer  in  England,  France, 
Italy,  and  Germany;  died  at  Bologna, 
1806,  leaving  her  larynx  to  the  academy. 

Barbers  anciently  were  musicians 
also,  and  instruments  were  kept  in  all 
well-ordered  shops. 

Barclay,  John,  born  at  Muthill, 
Scotland,  1734;  author  of  many  fine 
songs ;  died  at  Edinburgh,  July  29, 1798. 

Bargiel,  Waldemar,  born  at  Ber- 
lin, 1827;  teacher  and  composer;  pub- 
lished a  large  number  of  works  for  the 
piano-forte. 

Barilli,  Luigi,  born  at  Modena, 
1767 ;  known  from  his  connection  with 
opera  from  1805  to  his  death.  May  26, 
1824. 

Barilli  F.,  a  celebrated  composer  at 
Rome;  died  in  Madrid;  his  widow  mar- 
ried S.  Patti,  and  was  the  mother  of 
Adelina  and  Carlotta  Patti.  The  moth- 
er was  a  celebrated  singer  and  actress ; 
she  died  1849. 

Barilli,  A.,  son  of  Francisco,  came 
to  this  country  1846.  Clotilda,  his  sis- 
ter, came  with  him,  and  married  in  New 
York ;  died  in  the  West  Indies.  Antonio 
returned  to  Rome,  his  native  city,  1874. 
Ettore,  Nicola,  and  Alfredo,  born 
in  Florence,  came  to  New  York,  1855. 
The  family  were  all  more  or  less  cele- 
brated as  musicians. 

Barker,  Nathan,  violinist,  com- 
poser, and  director ;  known  as  manager 
of  the  Barker  Family  concerts. 

Barlow,  Joel,  "born  at  Reading, 
Conn.,  1755;  published  his  version  of 
Psalms  1785;  died  Dec.  22,  1812,  near 
Cracow  on  his  way  to  Paris. 

Barmann,  H.,  clarinetist  at  the 
court  chapel  in  Munich  for  more  than 
forty  years;  died  June  11,  1847,  aged 
sixty-four. 

Barnard,  Anne,  born  Dec.  8,  1750 ; 
author  of  "Old  Bobin  Gray,"  1771; 
died  May  8,  1824. 

Barnard,  John,    born    in   Boston, 

Nov.  6,  1681 ;  in  1752  made  a  version  of 

I  psalms  with  the  music ;  settled  at  Mar- 

blehead ;  introduced  new  music  there ; 

'  died  Jan.  24,  1770,  aged  eighty-nine. 


^  QuYv/U,  (y-A^J^.iyd^ 


'^.y)^,  j.  ^^yio.c-^c^:, 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


15 


Barnes,  L.  B.,  a  member  of  the 
Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  Boston,  for 
twenty  years;  secretary  fifteen  years; 
and  president  four  years;  compiler  of 
**  The  Congregational  Harp,''''  and  '*  The 
Chapel;^''  also  a  composer  of  songs. 
Resigned  his  office  1875. 

Barnet,  James  G.,  a  distinguished 
musician  and  composer,  received  the 
degree  of  Doctor  of  Music  from  Yale 
college,  1869,  while  a  teacher  in  Hart- 
ford, Conn. 

Barnett,  John,  born  at  Bedford, 
Eng.,  1802;  an  opera  singer  and  com- 
poser of  popular  music. 

Barrel  Organ,  a  contrivance  to 
produce  music  by  the  turning  of  a 
barrel  or  cylinder,  as  in  a  music-box  or 
hand-organ. 

Barth,  Herr,  a  noted  singer  in  the 
Imperial  chapel,  is  particularly  cele- 
brated as  having  saved  to  posterity 
Beethoven's  song,  '''■Adelaide.''^  He 
chanced  to  call  on  the  great  composer 
at  the  moment  the  song  was  thrown  to 
the  fire ;  catching  it,  before  it  burned, 
Barth  sang  it.  Beethoven  listened  at- 
tentively, and  then  observed,  "My  dear 
Barth,  we  will  not  burn  it." 

Bartholomew,  the  librettist  of  Men- 
delsohn's oratorios,  also  prepared  the 
books  of  ^^  Eli,''  and  ^^  Naaman,"  for 
Costa,  and  the  words  of  the  "  Ode  to  the 
Sultan  ;"  died  August  18,  1867. 

Bartleman,  J.,  the  celebrated  bass 
singer,  was  born  in  Westminster,  Sept. 
19,  1769;  sang  at  Freemason's  Hall, 
Ancient  Concerts,  and  Hanover  Square 
rooms;  died  April  15,  1820. 

Barton,  Sarah  W.,  an  American 
vocalist,  appeared  in  opera  at  Warsaw, 
1872. 

Baryton,  an  instrument  of  the  vio- 
lin tribe,  midway  in  size  and  compass 
between  the  viola  and  violoncello. 

Bass,  Thorough.  The  first  treatises 
on  Thorough  Bass  were  written  early 
in  the  seventeenth  century,  but  it  was 
not  until  the  publication  of  later  works 
by  Rameau  and  others  that  the  system 
acquired  its  modern  significance. 

Bass  Clarinet,  an  instrument  an 
octave  below  the  clarinet  in  B\f,  in  the 
same  form,  but  much  larger. 

Basset  Horn,  like  a  large  sized  haut- 
boy in  shape,  and  formerly  used  instead 
of  the  clarinet. 

Bassetto,  a  tenor  viol,  or  small  bass 
viol,  — violoncello. 
y         Bassini,    Carlo,    bom   at    Cuneo, 


Italy,  1815;  commenced  his  career  as 
solo  violinist  in  Europe;  visited  South 
America,  1837;  came  to  the  United 
States  1838,  and  in  1839  conducted 
opera  in  New  York ;  finally  settled  there, 
and  published  "  The  Art  of  Singing,'* 
and  some  other  musical  works;  died 
Nov.  25,  1870,  aged  fifty-five. 

Bass  Oboe,  an  instrument  like  the 
bassoon,  invented  in  Ferrara,  Italy,  1539. 

Bassoon,  a  bass  instrument  used  in 
orchestras  and  called  fagot,  or  fagotto  ; 
it  is  blown  with  a  reed,  through  a  brass 
tube. 

Bass  Horn,  an  instrument  formerly 
much  used  in  bands;  there  is  also  a 
French  horn  called  bass  horn ;  the  two 
are  entirely  different. 

Bass  Violin,  an  instrument  formerly 
used,  and  having  a  distinct  part  written, 
for  it. 

Bass  Yiol,  properly  violoncello ;  one 
of  small  size  has  been  called  basa 
violin. 

Bastians,  celebrated  as  the  organist 
at  Haarlem,  Holland,  and  a  composer. 

Baton.  First  used  in  London,  super- 
seding the  foot  or  fiddle  bow,  1826,  at 
Covent  Garden,  by  Weber. 

Battishill,  Jonathan,  born  in 
London,  1738;  composer  of  operas,  sa- 
cred music  and  glees;  married  Miss 
Davies,  vocalist,  who  died  1775 ;  Battis- 
hill after  this  composed  many  songs  ^ 
died  at  Islington,  Dec.  9,  1801. 

Battista,  Yincenzo,  a  well-known 
composer  of  operas  for  the  Naples  thea- 
tres, died  1873. 

Baumgartner,  August,  organist 
and  composer,  died  at  Munich,  Sept.  27, 
1862. 

Baxter,  Lydia,  born  in  Petersburg, 
Rensselaer  County,  N.Y.,  Sept.  2,  1809; 
author  of  many  songs  and  Sunday-school 
hymns,  some  of  which  have  had  a  wide 
circulation;  wrote  the  song  "  The  Gates 
Ajar,"  which  has  been  sung  in  Amer- 
ica, England,  and  Scotland ;  died  in  New 
York  City,  June  23,  1874. 

Baxter,  invented  the  method  of 
lengthening  a  common  metre  hymn,  by 
introducing  words  in  German  text  or 
black  letter,  which  could  be  sung,  or 
omitted;  and  Cotton  Mather  arranged 
some  psalms  on  this  plan,  to  be  sung  as 
common,  or  long  metre. 

Bayadeers,  of  India;  these  singing 
and  dancing  girls  use  the  guitar  and 
tom-toms  as  accompaniments  to  the 
voice,  and  wear  anlde-bells  and  foot- 


16 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


chains,  which  they  jingle  in  concert 
with  the  music. 

Bayly,  Thomas  Haynes,  born  near 
Bath,  Eng.,  1797;  was  a  most  successful 
song-writer;  published  *^  Bayly's  Melo- 
dies ; "  his  songs  are  very  popular  to  this 
day;  died  of  jaundice,  1889. 

Bay  Psalm  Book,  a  work  compiled 
by  several  of  the  Puritan  clergymen  of 
the  country,  was  the  first  book  printed 
in  the  American  colonies;  it  was  pub- 
lished at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  1640;  was 
re-printed  in  London,  Eng.,  1737,  and 
in  Scotland,  1738.  It  was  printed  by 
Stephen  Daye,  from  a  clear,  new  type, 
imported  for  that  work,  and  was  also 
known  by  the  name  "iVeio  England 
Version;'^  in  1647  some  ^^  SpiritvAil 
Songs'^  were  added  to  the  American 
work;  the  music  used  for  singing  was 
mostly  written  upon  leaves  bound  in 
with  the  psalms,  and  was  mostly  copied 
from  Ravenscroft's  Collection;  tunes 
from  Ainsworth  and  other  English  com- 
posers were  also  used. 

Bazoche  Clerks,  a  company  of  mu- 
sicians organized  in  the  time  of  Philip 
the  Fair ;  their  orchestra,  1442,  consisted 
of  drums,  trumpets,  hautboys,  and  bas- 
soons. 

Becker,  Prof.  C.  F.,  a  distinguished 
organist  of  the  Leipzig  Conservatory; 
born  1814;  in  1856  presented  his  library 
of  thirty-six  hundred  works  on  music 
to  the  city  on  condition  that  it  be  called 
the  ^^  Becker  Library.'' 

Beeche,  Von,  of  Vienna,  composed 
much  vocal  and  instrumental  music  be- 
tween 1780  and  1802 ;  died  1803. 

Beecher,  Joseph,  of  New  York, 
invented  a  new  species  of  piano-forte, 
1856 ;  the  movement  is  around  a  hollow 
cylinder,  and  it  has  two  key-boards. 

Beethoven,  Louis  Van,  the  greatest 
composer  of  the  time  in  which  he  lived; 
excelled  in  every  species  of  composition ; 
born  in  Bonn,  on  the  Rhine,  Dec.  17, 
1770 ;  the  deafness  which  withdrew  him 
from  the  world  made  him  awkward  and 
retiring;  he  lived  in  his  own  art,  and 
the  body  of  this  prince  of  musicians 
was  accompanied  to  its  rest  by  its  own 
creations ;  he  died  March  26,  1827,  aged 
fifty-six.  A  bronze  statue  of  the  great 
man  was  inaugurated  in  Boston  Music 
Hall,  March  1,  1856;  his  monument  is 
at  Bonn,  and  was  repaired  in  1853. 

Belcher,  Samuel  (or  Supply),  of 
Farraington,  Me.,  published,  1794,  "  The 
Harmony  of  Maine  ;  "  an  origiQal  com- 


position of  psalm  and  hymn  tunes ;  was 
a  teacher  of  music.  This  man,  or  one 
of  his  name,  published  at  Hallowell, 
Me.,  where  he  then  resided,  1830,  "  Har- 
mony of  Music." 

Belknap,  Jeremy,  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  June  4,  1744,  issued  in  1795  a 
"  Collection  of  Psalms  and  Hymns,"  sev- 
eral of  them  being  written  by  himself; 
died  of  paralysis,  in  Boston.  June  20, 
1798. 

Bell,  Rev.  Dr.,  bom  in  England, 
1563;  composer  for  the  organ  and  vir- 
ginal ;  also  for  the  voice ;  died  1622. 

Bell  Harmonicon,  an  adaptation 
of  musical  bells  to  the  piano-forte  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  be  played  with  it. 

Bellak,  James,  born  at  Prague, 
1814 ;  came  to  this  country  and  settled 
in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  as  dealer  in  mu- 
sical wares. 

Bellini  Vincent,  a  dramatic  com- 
poser, born  Nov.  3,  1802,  at  Catania, 
Sicily ;  early  went  to  Naples  and  became 
known  as  a  composer;  his  first  opera 
was  performed  1824;  in  1828,  "ia  Stra- 
niera"  attracted  the  attention  of  all 
Italy;  in  1833,  he  founded  his  fortune 
and  his  fame  with  ^^ Norma"  ''^ La 
Sonnambula,"  and  '■^  Puritani ;"  died 
Sept.  23,  1835,  aged  thirty-three. 

Bellows  Organs,  superseded  hy- 
draulic instruments,  514. 

Bells  have  played  an  important  part 
in  civilization ;  they  were  known  to  the 
Hebrews,  and  have  been  used  in  every 
country  and  by  all  people  more  or  less. 
Musical  bells  are  used  in  Europe  and  in 
this  country.  Change  ringing  of  bells 
is  ascribed  to  one  Anable,  who  invented 
the  art  and  died  in  1755.  Bells  are 
ranked  by  musicians  among  the  most 
musical  instruments  of  percussion ;  and 
the  carillons,  or  music-bells,  are  played 
by  means  of  keys,  like  those  of  the 
piano-forte. 

Bendel,  Franz,  born  in  Hungary 
1835;  settled  in  Berlin  as  a  pianist, 
where  he  married,  and  became  court 
musician;  came  to  this  country,  and 
played  at  the  Peace  Jubilee,  1872. 

Benedict,  Jules,  born  at  Stuttgard, 
Germany,  of  an  Israelite  family,  Dec. 
24,  1804;  in  the  spring  of  1825  he 
was  maestro  di  capella  at  Naples  (mar- 
ried a  Neapolitan  lady,  1835,  and  went 
to  England,  where  he  first  stamped  his 
reputation) ;  became  director  at  Drury 
Lane,  London,  and  produced  several 
operas,  in  1838;   came  to  the  United 


l/l"^  (U-^^r^^  ,  t ,    A^  vu  .  /  H  h 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


17 


States,  1850,  with  Jenny  Lind  (as  con- 
ductor of  her  concerts) ;  on  returning  to 
England  he  formed  a  vocal  association, 
conducted  opera,  and  was  found  worthy 
of  knighthood,  which  honor  was  at  the 
same  time  conferred  upon  W.  S.  Ben- 
nett. 

Benjamin,  Jonathan,  of  Northamp- 
ton, Mass.,  published,  1799,  a  collection 
of  music  entitled  "  Harmonia,  CcBlestis,^' 
with  most  of  the  tunes  figured  for  the 
harpsichord  and  organ,  both  which  in- 
struments were  then  beginning  to  at- 
tract attention  in  this  country. 

Benkekt,  G.  F.,  born  in  German- 
town,  Pa.,  April  11,  1831;  became  early 
known  as  a  composer ;  was  made  famous 
in  Germany  by  the  production  of  his 
grand  mass,  conducted  by  Lindpainter. 

Bennet,  John,  born  1555 ;  one  of  the 
best  English  madrigalists  (seems  to  have 
had  a  melody  more  phrased  and  chan- 
tante  than  most  of  his  contemporaries). 
Besides  his  madrigals  for  four  voices, 
published  in  1599,  he  contributed  largely 
to  the  compositions  inserted  in  a  work 
published  by  Thomas  Ravenscroft,   in 

Bennett,  WTs.'^^^n  at  Sheffield, 
England,  April  13,  1816;  went  to  Ger- 
many ;  returned  to  London  in  1839,  and 
obtained  the  highest  reputation  as  a  com- 
poser, pianist,  and  teacher;  married 
Miss  Wood,  pianist,  who  died  1866, 
leaving  three  children;  the  honor  of 
knighthood  was  bestowed  on  him  and 
Jules  Benedict  at  the  same  time;  was 
made  "  Doctor  of  Music  ' '  June  30, 1856. 
Died  in  London,  Feb.  1, 1875;  buried  in 
Westminster  Abbey. 

Berens,  M.,  a  native  of  Hamburg, 
residing  at  Stockholm  since  1845 ;  com- 
poser of  much  piano-forte  music;  in 
1860  conductor  of  the  theatre,  where  he 
produced  three  operas. 
^  Berge,  William,  came  to  this  coun- 
■  try  from  Germany,  1846;  organist  and 
composer.  New  York;  ranks  as  one  of 
the  most  gifted  performers. 

Berger,  Louis,  a  celebrated  pianist 
and  pupil  of  Clementi,  born  at  Berlin  in 
1777.    He  published  a  valuable  work, 
--eiititled  '■^  Bouze  Etudes  pour  le  Piano- 
forte:"---.^^ 

^  Beegmann;  Garl,  a  well  known  Ger- 
/man  conductor  of  luiisic  and  opera  in 
/  New  York,  and  a  comp^S^Wv^of  merit; 


came   to   Boston, 


ductor  of  the  Germania  Musical  Society. 
Berkeley,  George,  born  at  Thom- 


astown,  Ireland,  1684 ;  came  to  America 
1729 ;  presented  an  organ  to  the  town  of 
Berkley,  Mass.,  1733;  but  the  select- 
men, considering  it  "  an  instrument  of 
tlie  devil  for  the  entrapping  of  the  souls 
of  men,"  declined  the  gift,  and  it  was 
later  conferred  on  Trinity  Church,  New- 
port, R.  I. 

Berlioz,  Hector,  born  at  Cote  St. 
Andre,  France,  December  11,  1803;  was 
a  remarkable  musician,  and  filled  a  largo 
space  in  the  world's  regard;  went  to 
Paris  when  a  boy ;  began  his  career  as 
a  chorus  singer  (soon  marked  out  his 
own  course,  and  followed  it  without  re- 
gard to  the  opinion  of  others);  was  a 
composer  of  many  musical  works,  and 
became  distinguished  as  a  literary  writer 
and  musical  critic;  died  at  Paris,  March 
9,  1869.  His  wife  was  Miss  Smithson, 
an  English  actress  of  great  beauty,  who 
died  1854. 

Bernhard,  of  Germany,  invented 
pedals  for  the  organ,  1470. 

Bertheaume,  born  at  Paris,  1756; 
the  violinist  of  his  day;  practised  much 
alone,  in  the  garret  of  his  aunt's  house 
his  only  companion  being  a  huge  spidei, 
which  always  let  itself  down  from  the 
roof  upon  the  instrument  to  enjoy  the 
music;  this  spider  came  as  usual  one 
day  when  the  aunt  was  present,  who, 
being  alarmed,  brushed  the  insect  to  the 
floor  and  killed  it.  The  young  man, 
horrified  at  the  loss  of  his  friend,  sank 
to  the  floor  in  a  fainting  fit.     Died  1802. 

Bertini,  Henry,  born  in  London, 
October  28,  1798;  chiefly  known  in  this 
country  for  his  celebrated  "  Method  for 
the  Piano-forte,'^  and  for  some  excellent 
exercises  for  students,  formerly  much  a^  ,^^ 
used.  ^'i<^ 

Berton,  p.  M.,  born  in  France;  re- 
markable for  musical  talent  from  the 
age  of  four  years;  composer,  organist, 
director,  and  opera  singer  from  1744  to 
1780  in  Paris ;  died  1780.  His  son.  Hen- 
rich,  born  in  Paris  1767,  composed  thirty 
operas,  several  oratorios,  and  much  other 
music. 

Best,  W.  T.,  pianist,  organist,  and 
teacher;  known  as  the  author  of  a 
''Modern  SchooV  for  the  organ,  and  by 
some  compositions. 

Bethune,  Thomas  Green  (Blind 
Tom),  born  near  Columbus,  Geo.,  May 


25,  1849;   was  blind  from  birth;  from 
1848^  63-ceft=a  infancy  had    the    power    of    imitating 


sounds ;  before  he  could  talk  could  imi- 
e  any  muste  Jie  heard ;  became  f  ami- 


u> 


n 


A  DICTIONAKT  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


liar  with  the  piano-forte  at  the  age  of 
five  years ;  composed  his  "  Bain  Storm  " 
after  hearing,  as  he  said,  "what  the 
rain,  wind,  and  thunder  said  to  liim;" 
was  a  slave,  and  purchased  by  Perry  H. 
Oliver,  1850,  who  brought  him  before 
the  public  as  a  pianist,  1858;  has  per- 
formed in  the  principal  cities  of  Amer- 
ica, and  has  gone  to  Europe,  where  he 
has  attracted  attention. 

Bevin",  Elway,  an  eminent  English 
musician,  flourished  in  the  reigns  of 
Queen  Elizabeth  and  James  I.,  pub- 
lished a  "  Brief e  and  Short  Instruction 
of  the  Art  of  Musicke,^'  to  teach  how  to 
make  discant  of  all  proportions  that  are 
in  use,  etc.,  1631. 

Bexfield,  Dr.  W.  R.,  an  accom- 
plished composer  and  organist;  author 
of  the  oratorio,  ^'Israel  Bestored,^^  a 
v^olume  of  church  anthems,  several  glees, 
and  other  compositions;  died  Nov.  28, 
1853,  at  his  residence,  Monmouth  Road, 
Bay  water,  Eng.,  aged  28. 

Beyer,  a  Gei-man,  invented  the  c/lass- 
chord  at  Paris,  1785 ;  a  new  instrument 
like  the  piano-forte,  with  glass  instead 
of  strings.  Anthony,  musician  and 
composer,  died  at  St.  Stephen,  N.  B., 
May  15,  1857,  aged  76. 

Beyer,  Fred,  a  well  known  com- 
poser and  arranger  of  music,  author  of 
a  celebrated  "  Method  for  Piano ; "  died 
in  Germany,  April,  1863. 

Beza,  Theodore,  born  atYezelai,  in 
the  Nivernois,  1519;  revised  ""  MaroVs 
Psalms,'''  1545,  and  made  additions  to 
them;  also  "admirably  fitted  them  to 
the  violin  and  other  musical  instru- 
ments;" died  Oct.  13,  1605. 

Bigot,  Madame  Marie,  a  German 
pianist,  born  at  Colmar,  March  3,  1786 ; 
was  the  first  to  introduce  Beethoven's 
music  into  France ;  political  causes  com- 
pelled her  husband  to  reside  in  Paris, 
where  she  opened  a  school  for  instruc- 
tion in  music,  aided  by  Cherubini  and 
Auber;  died  Sept.  16,  1820. 

Billings,  William,  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Oct.  7,  1746;  was  the  author 
of  six  books  of  church  music,  nearly  all 
original :  he  composed  much  fugue  mu- 
sic after  the  then  English  style,  and  ex- 
ceeded his  models;  his  books  were  very 
popular ;  he  kept  a  music  store  in  Bos- 
ton, was  a  zealous  patriot,  and  the 
words  to  which  he  set  many  tunes  com- 
bined religion  and  patriotism,  and  were 
sung  in  the  tent  by  the  soldiers  as  well 
as  in  the  church,  and  were  powerful  in 


exciting  the  spirit  of  liberty;  died  in 
Boston,  Sept.  26,  1800. 

BiLLiNGTON,  Elizabeth,  born  in 
England,  1770;  celebrated  singer  and 
pianist;  several  eminent  composers 
wrote  for  her,  and  her  fame  was  great 
in  all  Europe;  died  at  St.  Artien,  near 
Venice,  1817.  Thomas,  her  husband,  a 
musician  and  composer,  died  at  Naples, 
1794. 

Bird,  Joseph,  Watertown,  Mass., 
published,  in  1849,  "  Gleanings  from  the 
History  of  Music,''  from  the  earliest 
ages  to  the  commencement  of  the  eigh- 
teenth century.  He  was  unable  to  pre- 
pare all  that  he  designed  to  publish  in 
season  to  present  his  work  at  the  time 
it  was  promised,  and  gave  notice  that 
he  would  resume  his  work  and  prepare 
a  second  volume.  This  he  did  not  do, 
howevei-,  for  want  of  encouragement 
from  publishers ;  but  he  published  some 
other  musical  works  of  value,  and  one 
singing  book. 

Bird,  William,  organist  of  Lincoln 
Cathedral,  born  1543,  composed  a  vast 
quantity  of  vocal  music  between  1575 
and  1611 ;  died  1623,  aged  80.  His  organ 
and  virginal  compositions  are  innumer- 
able ;  nearly  seventy  of  his  compositions 
were  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  virginal  book. 

Birmingham  Musical  Festival, 
established  as  a  public  charity,  to  found 
a  hospital,  September,  1768 ;  none  but 
English  vocalists  were  engaged  as  prin- 
cipals; orchestra  70,  chorus  40.  The 
Triennial  Festival  was  organized  1778; 
its  second  meeting  was  held  in  1784 ;  and 
since  that  time  it  has  been  held  trienni- 
ally,  except  in  1793,  when  the  theatre, 
in  which  the  Festival  was  always  held, 
was  destroyed  by  fire. 

BiscACCiANTi  (Eliza  Ostinelli),  born 
in  Boston,  1825,  became  celebrated  as  an 
opera  singer;  now  resides  in  Rome, 
where  she  has  one  son  living,  who  is  a 
subaltern  officer  of  volunteers  in  Italy, 
stationed  near  Rome.  The  immense 
sums  of  money  she  had  earned,  the 
jewels  and  ornaments  given  her,  and 
even  the  golden  crown  bestowed  upon 
her,  perhaps  prevented  her  return  to 
her  native  city. 

Bishop,  Anna,  wife  of  Sir  Henry  R. 
Bishop,  born  in  London,  was  educated 
at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Music,  in  Lon- 
don. Her  first  appearance  in  public 
was  at  a  concert  given  by  Bochsa,  July 
5,  1839;  made  a  tour  through  Europe 
between  1839  and  1843;  gave  in  that 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION".  4o^7^M^  ^^-^ 


time  260  concerts ;  from  1843  to  1846  re- 
mained in  Italy;  went  to  England  1847, 
and  tlience,  1855,  to  Australia;  in  1858, 
af  t«r  visiting  North  and  Soutli  America, 
she  returned  to  England ;  in  1859  came 
again  to  the  United  States  and  visited 
Canada,  remaining  until  1805;  in  1868 
was  in  California ;  from  thence  she  vis- 
ited China,  Egypt,  etc.,  and  has  since 
been  in  California,  Australia,  and  Eng- 
land. Her  visit  and  reception  in  the 
large  cities  of  the  United  States  will  be 
remembered  by  the  thousands  who 
heard  and  admired  her. 

Bishop,  Henry  Rowley,  born  in 
London,  1782 ;  in  1806  commenced  the 
course  of  composition  which  distin- 
guished him;  in  1809  produced  the 
music  for  an  opera;  in  1810  became 
composer  and  director  of  the  music  at 
Covent  Garden,  where  he  remained  until 
1823,  producing  many  operas  and  much 
music ;  he  composed  more  than  seventy 
theatrical  pieces,  and  a  long  catalogue 
of  popular  music  of  all  kinds ;  was  pro- 
fessor of  harmony  and  composition  at 
the  Royal  Academy;  in  1839  Bachelor 
of  Music  and  conductor  of  the  concerts 
of  anelent  music;  earned  more  money 
than  any  English  composer,  and  died 
poor ;  no  Englishman  has  composed  so 
much  music,  and  few  better;  was  pro- 
fessor at  the  Universities  of  Edinburgh 
and  Oxford,  and  was  knighted  by  the 
Queen,  1842.  In  1836  he  married  the 
well  known  Madame  Anna  Bishop,  and 
they  separated  on  account  of  her  deter- 

^      mination  to  sing  in  public;  a  son  and 
ft       daughter  came  of  this  marriage.    Died 

^       May  1,  1855. 
.  BissELL,  T.,  born  in  England ;  known 

r^      as  a  music-teacher,  organist,  and  com- 

:^       poser,  Boston,  Mass.,  published  one  or 
two  collections  of  church  music. 

"^  Black  Letter  Psalms  were  those 

of  Cotton  Mather,  in  blank  verse,  fitted 
unto  the  tunes  commonly  used ;  so  that 
while  each  psalm  looks  exactly  like 
prose,  and  may  be  read  as  such,  it  is  in 
fact  modulated  so  that  it  may  be  sung 
as  li/ric  verse  ;  the  measure  was  length- 
ened by  words  in  black  letter  ;  the  cho- 
rister had  only  to  say  '■'■  siwj  with  the 
black  letter,'^  or,  "  sing  without  it,"  and 
the  choir  could  get  along  very  well,  using 
common  or  long  metre. 

Blacklock,  Thomas,  born  at  An- 
nan, 1721  ;  celebrated  as  a  song-writer ; 
died  at  Edinburgh,  July,  1791. 
Blake,  Geo.  E.,  born  1775;  was,  at 


the  time  of  his  death,  the  olde.^t  music 
publisher  in  America;  commenced  the 
business  in  Philadelphia,  1802,  and  for 
many  years  engraved  with  his  own 
hands  all  the  plates  of  the  music  he 
published ;  died  Feb.  24,  1871,  aged  96. 

Blake,  Timothy,  of  Barnstead, 
N.H.,  fife  and  drum  major  for  the  five 
vears'  war  of  1812,  died  Dec.  30,  1872, 
aged  82. 

Blaze,  F.  H.  J.  C,  born  at  Cavillon, 
December  1,  1784;  celebrated  as  a  critic 
and  musical  writer;  adapted  many  Ital- 
ian and  German  operas  to  the  French 
stage ;  died  1853. 

Blewitt,  John,  composer  of  panto- 
mime music  and  popular  comic  songs ; 
wrote  for  Di'ury  Lane  and  for  Vauxhall 
Gardens,  also  for  the  English  glee  clubs : 
was  the  composer  of  upwards  of  two 
thousand  original  pieces  of  music,  and 
a  pianist;  died  in  London,  September, 
1853,  aged  73. 

Blind  Tom.  (See  Thomas  Greeit 
Bethune.  ) 

Blow,  John,  doctor  of  music,  born 
1648,  at  North  Collingham,  England; 
was,  in  1685,  musician  to  James  IL,  and 
master  of  the  choristers  of  St.  Paul's 
Church;  was  a  composer  of  anthems, 
church  music,  songs  and  other  music 
(his  compositions  and  his  scholars  who 
arrived  at  eminence  have  rendered  his 
name  venerable  among  the  musicians 
of  England) ;  died  in  London,  Oct.  1, 
1708. 

Blumenthal,  J.,  born  at  Hamburg, 
1829;  settled  in  London,  where  he  be- 
came famous  for  orchestral  compositions 
and  other  works. 

Board  of  Music  Trade.  In  1856, 
the  music  business  of  the  United  States 
had  become  of  such  magnitude  and  im- 
portance that  parties  engaged  in  the 
music  publishing  department  found  it 
necessary  to  form  a  Board  of  Music 
Trade,  and  to  adopt  a  uniform  plan  of 
transacting  business.  The  Board  seeks 
first  to  protect  the  interests  of  dealers 
and  teachers. 

BocHSA,  R.  N.  Charles,  born  at 
Montmedi,  France,  1789;  a  celebrated 
harpist  and  composer  (among  his  com- 
positions are  several  operas ;  went  to 
England  1817,  where  he  published  much 
harp  music  ;  in  1822  was  director  of  the 
oratorios,  and  a  life  governor  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Music) ;  came  to  the 
LTnited  States  with  Madame  Anna 
Bishop ;  visited  Mexico,  South  America, 


A  DICTIONAKY  OF  MUSICAL  INTORMATIOK. 


California,  and  Australia ;  he  died  at 
Sydney,  Jan.  7,  1857,  aged  68. 

BoEHM,  Theobald,"  inventor  of  the 
"Boelim  flute,"  so  called,  the  most 
celebrated  of  German  flutists  ;  was  born 
in  Bavaria  in  1802,  and  belonged  to  the 
band  of  the  king  at  Munich  ;  composed 
all  forms  of  music  for  the  flute,  some 
with  orchestral  accompaniment. 

Bohemia.  The  music-loving  Bohe- 
mians, in  1810,  formed  an  association 
for  the  promotion  of  music,  established 
a  conservatory,  which  H.  D.  Weber  di- 
rected 25  years,  and  introduced  music  in 
the  lunatic  asylum  as  a  means  of  cure. 

BoiELDiEU,  F.  A.,  the  world-renown- 
ed musician,  born  at  Rouen,  Dec.  15, 
1775 ;  excelled  as  a  pianist  and  compo- 
ser; died  at  Jarcy,  near  Paris,  Oct.  9, 
1834.  His  second  wife,  a  brilliant  opera 
singer,  died  in  Paris,  January,  1854. 

BoNAwiTZ,  J.  H.,  born  at  Durkheim, 
Dec.  4,  1839  ;  known  as  the  composer  of 
several  operas  ;  came  to  this  country 
1872;  his  '^  Bride  of  Messina ''  has  been 
performed  in  Philadelphia. 

Bond,  Capel,  of  Coventry,  England, 
leader  of  the  Birmingham  Festival, 
1768 ;  organist ;  died  1790. 

Bond,  H.  F.,  invented  a  machine  for 
ruling  paper  and  recording  music  as  per- 
formed upon  the  piano-forte,  1840. 

BoNDiNi,  a  native  of  Bologna,  pro- 
duced Italian  opera  at  Dresden,  1776  ; 
Mozart  wrote  '^Don  Juan  "  for  him  ;  died 
1796.  His  daughter,  Marie  Anna, 
born  at  Dresden,  Oct.  18,  1780,  pianist 
and  vocalist,  married  L.  Barilli,  and 
died  1813.  Terese,  his  other  daughter, 
was  court  singer  at  Dresden,  1782. 

Bonnie  Doon.  Robert  Burns  says, 
"  There  is  an  air,  'The  Caledonian IlunV s 
Belif/ht,'  to  which  I  wrote  a  song,  '  Ye 
Banks  and  Braes  o'  Bonnie  Boon,''  &c. ; " 
letter  dated  November,  1794,  It  has 
been  stated  that  one  Mr.  Clark  composed 
the  air,  and  that  it  could  be  played  only 
on  the  black  keys. 

Book  of  Psalms  in  metre,  plain  and 
easy  for  the  tunes ;  by  William  Barton, 
London,  1644. 

Books.  One  of  the  earliest  books 
printed,  known  to  have  musical  nota- 
tion, was  bv  Gafor  of  Lodi;  printed 
1487.     (See  Psalmody.) 

Boot,  F.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  composed 
some  quartets  for  stringed  instruments, 
and  other  compositions  of  merit,  at 
Florence,  Italy,  1853;  also  composer  of 
-jiany  songs. 


BoRGHi,  Adelaide,  one  of  the  most 

accomplished  singers  on  the  lyric  stage, 
was  indebted  to  Rossini  for  her  musical 
education ;  became  permanently  located 
at  Milan. 

Borneo  Island  Music.  In  their 
scale  the  semitones  fall  between  the  2d 
and  3d,  and  4th  and  5th ;  they  use  an 
instrument  made  of  three  reed  pipes, 
and  capable  of  producing  harmony. 

BoRTNiANSKY,  cliapel  master  to  the 
emperor,  in  Russia,  from  1782  to  1826, 
employed  contra-bass  voices  in  his 
choral  masses,  to  sing  an  octave  below 
the  other  basses;  was  a  composer; 
died  1826. 

Bosio,  Angiolina,  an  artist  whose 
triumphs  were  brilliant,  born  at  Turin, 
Aug.  20, 1829;  visited  this  country  1850, 
and  was  one  of  the  most  accomplished 
singers  who  had  appeared  here ;  died  at 
St.  Petersburg,  April  12,  1859. 

Bottesini,  born  at  Crema,  Lombardy, 
1823;  known  as  a  performer  on  the 
double  bass,  and  as  an  orchestral  con- 
ductor; has  produced  an  opera,  ''  Ali 
Baba,"  in  London,  1873;  his  visit  to 
this  country  in  1853,  with  M.  Jullien, 
and  subsequent  visit  with  Madame  Son- 
tag  to  Mexico,  will  be  remembered. 

Boucher,  Alex.,  born  in  Paris,  1778; 
known  as  a  violinist  at  the  concerts  of 
Catalan! ;  director  of  music  to  Charles 
IV.  of  Spain,  and  well-known  in  Russia, 
Germany,  and  Poland ;  died  in  Paris, 
January,  1862. 

Bourgeois,  L.,  one  of  the  first  to  set 
French  psalms  to  music  after  Marot ; 
published  83  psalms  at  Paris,  1561. 
France  soon  became  flooded  with  psalm- 
ody as  America  has  since  been. 

BowDiCH,  M.,  wrote  an  account  of 
African  music  and  instruments.  In 
which  he  describes  the  mandoline  of  five 
strings,  and  a  harp  of  eight  strings,  upon 
which  he  heard  a  portion  of  Handel's 
Hallelujah  Chorus  performed. 

Bow-Harpsichord,  invented  by  Gar- 
brecht,  of  Konigsberg ;  it  was  performed 
upon  by  means  of  a  bow  under  the 
strings. 

Bow  Instruments  in  use  have  most- 
ly four  strings,  which  are  made  to  vi- 
brate by  passing  a  bow  over  them,  pro- 
ducing tones  from  forte  to  piano ;  the 
strings  are  shortened  by  placing  the 
fingers  upon  them  and  pressing  them 
upon  the  finger-board,  thus  producing 
all  required  sounds  possible  with  the 
compass  of  the  strings. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


21 


BowKER,  Dextee,  a  member  of  the 
Handel  and  Haydn  Society  since  1846 ; 
died  in  Boston,  1873. 

BoYCE,  Dr.  William,  ranks  at  the 
head  of  the  English  Cathedral  composers 
of  the  last  century.  He  was  born  in 
1710.  At  the  age  of  24  he  was  elected 
organist  at  St.  Michael's  Church  in  Lon- 
don, and  organist  and  composer  of  the 
King's  Chapel.  He  died  Feb.  17,  1779. 
.  Bradbury,  William  B.,  born  in 
.^  York,  Me.^816,  early  became  a  teacher 
of  music ;  in  1847  went  to  Leipsic  and 
studied  there;  returned  in  1849,  and 
devoted  his  attention  to  teaching,  com- 
posing, and  to  the  publication  of  church 
music  books,  glee  books,  Sunday-school 
books,  and  other  musical  works,  to  the 
number  of  more  than  thirty  volumes; 
in  1849  commenced  manufacturing 
piano-fortes,  and  died  at  Moiitclair,  N. 
J.,  Jan.  ^,  1868,  aged  52. 

Brady,  Nicholas,  born  at  Bandon, 
Ireland,  Oct.  28,  1659;  celebrated  in 
connection  with  Nahum  Tate  as  a  ver- 
sifier of  the  psalms,  1092 ;  wrote  an  ode 
for  the  feast  of  St.  Cecilia,  performed  in 
London,  Nov.  22,  1852;  died  in  Rich- 
mond, near  London,  May  20,  1726. 

Braham,  John,  born  of  Jewish  pa- 
rents in  London  {Abraham),  1774;  cele- 
brated as  a  concert,  opera,  and  oratorio 
singer  and  composer;  held  during  life 
the  first  rank  among  English  stage  sing- 
ers; came  to  the  United  States  1840, 
and,  though  then  advanced  in  years,  his 
power,  compass  of  voice,  and  majesty  of 
execution  were  astonishing;  sang  in 
opera,  in  oratorio,  and  in  the  concert 
room  in  Boston ;  his  success  as  a  vocal- 
ist was  without  precedent,  and  he  was 
also  renowned  as  a  composer ;  he  wrote 
many  songs  and  operas ;  died  in  London, 
Feb.  17,  1855,  aged  81. 

Braham,  A.,  son  of  John,  born  in 
London,  1821,  became  known  as  a  tenor 
singer  at  Edinburgh,  and  came  to  this 
country  with  Catharine  Hayes. 

Brainard,  Silas,  born  at  Lempster, 
N.  H.,  Feb.  14,  1814;  an  excellent  flute 
player;  in  1834  went  to  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  and  in  1836  founded  the  house  of 
S.  Brainard  &  Sons ;  he  was  author  of  a 
*^ Violin  Instructor'^  and  some  other 
musical  works;  died  April  8,  1871,  aged 
57. 

Brattle,  Thomas,  Esq.,  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  1713  procured  an  organ  from 
Europe,  which  he  presented  to  the 
Queen's  Chapel:  but  so  great  were  the 


public  prejudices  then  existing  in  Bos- 
ton that  this  organ  remained  seven 
months  in  the  porch  of  the  church  before 
it  was  unpacked. 

Brazilian  Music.  Yocal  and  in- 
strumental music  are  cultivated,  and 
some  composers  are  known.  The  Em- 
peror has  a  fine  band,  and  pianists  and 
guitarists  among  this  people  excel ;  the 
national  songs  are  of  Portuguese  origin. 

Bridgman,  Charles,  foV  eighty-one 
years  organist  at  Hertford,  Eng.,  a  term 
unexampled  in  the  annals  of  the  musi- 
cal world;  three  generations  of  the 
inhabitants  of  that  town  were  indebted 
to  him  for  the  cultivation  of  their  musi- 
cal talents  and  tastes;  died  October, 
1873,  aged  95. 

Brignoli,  a  celebrated  tenor  singer, 
came  to  this  country  in  1855,  and  sang 
with  success  in  New  York  and  else- 
where. 

Bristow,  George  F.,  a  talented  pian- 
ist, violinist  and  composer,  born  in 
Brooklyn,  New  York^l825;  his  first  ^^• 
symphony  was  performed  by  the  Phil- 
harmonic Society ;.  he  composed  some  ^^  ,  ^a 
music  for  Jullien^  orchestra;  ^^  Eip 
Van  Winkle,^'  for  the  Pyne  and  Harri- 
son troupe;  an  oratorio,  '^Praise  of 
God,'''  1860,  and  other  music,  performed 
in  New  York ;  has  written  and  published 
many  orchestral  works  since  1870. 

Britton,  Thomas,  born  1654;  from 
1678  to  1714  he  entertained  the  intelli- 
gent world  of  London  at  his  musical 
weekly  soirees,  always  gratuitously; 
died  Sept.  15,  1714. 

Broadwood,  .  James,  a  celebrated 
piano-forte  maker  in  London.  His  in- 
struments were  considered  as  excelling 
in  workmanship  and  tone. 

Broadwood,  John,  in  1773  entered 
into  partnership  with  the  son  of  Shudi, 
whose  sister  he  had  married  in  1769. 
This  firm  was  afterwards  known  as  John 
Broadwood  &  Sons,  and  later  as  James 
Broadwood. 

Bromfield,  Edward,  Jun.,  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  1723;  at  the  age  of  22  he 
built  the  first  church  organ  made  in  this 
country;  it  "was  accurate,  had  two 
rows  of  keys,  and  many  hundred  pipes ; 
it  exceeded  in  workmanship  any  that 
had  ever  come  herefrom  Europe;"  died 
in  Boston,  Aug.  18,  1746,  aged  23. 

Bronson.  Oliver,  (also  written  Brun- 
soN  and  Brown  jon),  was  a  teacher  of 
music  in  various  parts  of  New  England ; 
a  composer  of  some  excellent  music, 


22 


A  dictio:n'ary  of  musical  information 


and  publisher  of  "  Select  Tunes  and  An- 
thems,^^  1783;  also,  ^'-  Select  Harmony. ^^ 

Brough,  W.  F.,  born  in  Ireland,  1787 ; 
famous  bass  singer;  came  to  this  coun- 
try with  Mrs.  Wood,  1847,  and  was  in- 
strumental in  bringing  many  operatic 
celebrities  here ;  died  at  Liverpool,  Eng- 
land, 1857. 

Brown,  Bartholomew,  born  in  Ster- 
ling, Mass.,  Sept.  8,  1772;  with  K 
Mitchell,  compiled  the  old  ^''Bridge- 
water  Collection ;  "  died  in  Boston,  April 
14,  1854,  aged  82. 

Brunner,  Charles  T.,born  at  Chem- 
nitz, Saxony,  Dec.  12,  1792,  was  cele- 
brated as  a  musician,  composer,  and 
teacher. 

Buck,  DuDLEY,an  eminent  composer, 
teacher,  and  conductor;  became  known 
by  his  compositions,  and  as  an  organist ; 
removed  to  Boston,  where  he  has  pro- 
duced many  valuable  works ;  was  born 
in  Hartford,  Connecticut,  educated  in 
Germany,  and  ranks  high  as  an  organist 
and  composer. 

BUCKMINSTER,  JOSEPH  StEVENS,  WaS 

born  in  Boston,  Mass.,  May  26,  1784; 
published  a  collection  of  hymns  in  1808, 
in  which  those  of  Watts  and  others 
were  mutilated  without  notice;  died 
June  9,  1810,  aged  26. 

BuELOw  (or'BuLow),  Hans  Guido, 
Von,  born  in  Dresden,  Saxony,  Jan.  8, 
1830;  made  several  musical  tours  in 
Europe ;  became  professor  of  the  piano- 
forte department  at  the  Berlin  Conserv- 
atory, 1854 ;  married  a  daughter  of  Liszt, 
and  was  appointed  court  pianist;  was 
divorced  18(59,  and  went  to  Florence, 
w^here  he  received  decorations  and  high 
honors. 

Bugle.  The  old  instrument  was  lim- 
ited to  a  few  tones,  but  by  the  addition 
of  keys  its  capabilities  are  equal  to  many 
other  wind  instruments.  The  notes 
upon  the  bugle  were  anciently  called 
mots,  and  are  distinguished,  not  by  mu- 
sical characters,  but  by  written  words, 
in  the  old  treatises  on  hunting. 

Bugle  with  Pistons.  This  has  a 
lower  compass ;  it  is  much  better  than 
the  keyed  bugle,  and  produces  a  good 
effect  in  playing  certain  melodies  of 
slow  movement. 

Bull,  Dr.  John,  a  celebrated  musi- 
cian ;  born  in  Somersetshire,  Eng.,  1563 ; 
was  professor  at  Gresham  Ccjllege ;  after- 
wards settled  at  Lubec ;  wrote  more  than 
two  hundred  vocal  and  instrumental 
compositions ;  died  at  Antwerp,  1628. 


Bull,  Ole  Bornemann,  the  cele- 
brated violinist,  born  in  Bergen,  Nor- 
way, 1810;  well  known  in  all  musical 
countries ;  the  excitement  he  created  in 
this  country,  1844,  has  been  kept  fresh 
in  the  memory  of  our  people  by  his  oc- 
casional appearance  since;  has  resided 
much  in  this  country,  and  is  esteemed 
not  only  as  a  great  violinist,  but  as  a 
man  and  citizen. 

BuRDETT,  Riley,  vocalist  and  vio- 
linist; born  in  Putney,  Vt.,  1819;  at 
present  known  by  his  reed  organs. 

Burgmueller,  Norbert,  born  at 
Dusseldorf,  Ger.,  Feb.  8,  1810;  was  so 
highly  esteemed  as  a  musician,  that, 
when  he  died.  May  7, 1836,  Mendelssohn 
wrote  a  funeral  march  for  the  occasion. 

BURGMULLER,    FERDINAND,    bom    in 

Magdeburg,  1804;  became  celebrated  as 
a  musician ;  went  to  Hamburg  and  com- 
posed much  music. 

BuRNEY,  Dr.  C,  born  at  Shrewsbury, 
1726 ;  author  of  a  history  of  music  and 
other  works ;  died  1814,  aged  88. 

BuRRowEs,  John  Freckleton,  pu- 
pil of  William  Horsley,  Mus.  Bac.  Ox- 
on. ;  born  in  London  on  the  23d  of  April, 
1787 ;  first  became  known  to  the  public 
by  the  production  of  an  overture  and 
several  vocal  pieces,  with  full  orchestral 
accompaniments,  at  the  Hanover  Square 
concerts,  and  subsequently  by  an  over- 
ture at  the  ''  Philharmonic,"  of  which 
society  he  was  one  of  the  original  asso- 
ciates. 

Busby,  Thomas,  doctor  of  music,  was 
born  in  Westminster  in  1755 ;  his  first 
essay  in  composition  was  an  oratorio, 
called  '■'The  Prophecy,''^  performed  with 
some  applause  at  the  Haymarket  Thea- 
tre in  1799;  the  other  principal  works 
of  Dr.  Busby  consist  of  a  collection  of 
sacred  music  entitled,  "  TJie  Divine  Hctr- 
monist.^'  Dr.  Busby  has  also  published 
a  small  musical  dictionary  and  a  gram- 
mar of  music;  a  ^'General  History  of 
3Iusic,^'  being  an  abridgment  of  those 
of  Burney  and  Hawkins ;  and  in  1814,  a 
'^Musical  Biof/rajjhy,  or  Memoirs  of  the 
Lives  and  Writings  of  the  most  eminent 
Musical  Composers  and  Writers  who  have 
flourished  in  the  different  Countries  of 
Eurox)e  during  the  last  three  Centuries.^' 

Butterfield,  J.  A.,  born  in  Hert- 
fordshire, Eng.,  May  18,  1837;  became 
known  as  a  vocalist  and  violinist;  came 
to  this  country,  and  settled  at  Indian 
apolis,  Ind.,  where  he  became  a  teacher, 
composer,  and  publisher ;  he  has  written 


A   DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


23 


vocal  and  instrumental  music,  and  one 
or  two  popular  cantatas. 

BuxTEHUDE,  famous  as  an  organist 
from  1035  to  1707 ;  was  a  teacher  in  the 
Bach  family.    Died  at  Lubeck. 


BuxTEHUDE,  D.,  celebrated  organist, 
at  Lubeck,  from  1(390  to  1710;  Bach  vis- 
ited him  to  hear  him  play,  and  to  study 
his  method. 


o. 


C,  the  letter  to  which  Guido  applied 
the  tone-name  ut,  now  called  do ;  the 
first  of  the  scale  in  C. 

Cadecasa,  the  original  Zerlina  in 
^^  Don  Giovanni,"  and  for  seventy  years 
a  celebrated  singer  ;  died  at  Milan,  No- 
vember, 1869. 

Caffarellt,  Gaetano  Majorano, 
a  celebrated  Italian  singer,  born  in 
1708;  went  to  England  in  the  year  173S; 
amassed  much  money  by  his  jirofession, 
and  purchased  the  duchy  of  Santo  Do- 
rato,  in  the  kingdom  of  Naples ;  died  in 
1783,  aged  80. 

Calamus,  Pastoralis,  a  simple  reed ; 
one  of  the  first  known  musical  instru- 
ments of  antiquity. 

Calkin,  G.,  inventor  of  an  "Indica- 
tor," placed  over  the  key-board,  telling 
the  names  of  the  notes ;  those  on  the 
lines  red,  those  on  the  spaces  black. 

Callcott,  John  Wall,  born  at  Ken- 
sington, England,  1766;  was  self-edu- 
cated, and  became  an  organist  1783; 
took  his  doctor's  degree,  1800;  wrote  his 
^^ Musical  Grammar,"  1805;  wrote  a  mu- 
sical dictionary  and  a  work  on  musical 
biography,  and  numerous  compositions, 
besides  anthems,  services,  odes,  &c. ; 
died  May  15,  1821,  aged  55. 

Calliope,  an  invention  by  which 
steam-whistles  are  made  to  perform  the 
office  of  organ-pipes;  introduced  by  I. 
C.  Stoddard  of  Worcester,  Mass. ;  it  was 
improved  upon  by  A.  L.  Denay  of  New 
Orleans,  1857;  and  a  ^^  Steam  Organ" 
was  invented  by  James  Burkett,  of  Eng- 
land, 1835. 

Calvin,  John,  born  at  Noyon,  in 
Picardy,  July  10,  1509.  Until  recently, 
no  one  has  had  the  hardihood  to  dispute 
the  statement  made  by  Hullah  in  his 
History,  and  repeated  in  almost  every 
recent  lecture  on  sacred  music,  that 
"  Calvin,  unlike  Luther,  seems  never  to 
have  recognized  music  as  a  means  of 
religious  expression;  scarcely,  even,  to 
have  appreciated  it  as  an  aid  to  devo- 
tion ;  and  the  music  of  his  followers  has 
suffered  accordingly."    But  the  Euing 


Lecturer  of  the  Anderson!  an  University 
has  recently  written  a  letter  to  an  Eng- 
lish musical  journal,  in  which  he  claims 
that  Calvin  labored  harder  even  than 
Luther  himself  to  introduce  church 
music  not  only  into  France,  but  also 
into  England.  In  1538-40,  Calvin,  Miles 
Coverdale,  and  the  Wedderburns  met 
in  exile  in  Saxony,  and  sat  at  the  feet 
of  Luther.  The  German  singing  of 
praise  surprised  and  delighted  them  all ; 
and  Calvin  immediately  set  to  work  to 
do  for  his  own  people  what  Luther  had 
done  for  the  German-speaking  people. 
He  first  put  into  French  metre  the  25th 
and  46th  Psalms,  and  got  them  set  to 
music  at  Strasbourg ;  tliese  he  took  to 
his  congregation  on  his  return  to  Ge- 
neva. They  became  so  popular  that  he 
then  engaged  Clement  Marot  to  render 
all  the  Psalms  into  French  verse ;  but 
the  poet  died  after  having  completed 
fifty-one.  Calvin  then  applied  to  Beza, 
who  finished  the  woi-k.  Luther  had 
only  rendered  sixteen  into  German 
verse.  Luther  also  set  his  Psalms  to 
popular  German  ballad-tunes ;  but  Cal- 
vin employed  Guilleaume  Franc,  of 
Strasbourg,  to  compose  music  which  he 
considered  more  appropriate  for  the 
words.  The  first  English  Psalter  was 
printed  at  Geneva  in  1556,  and  bears  on 
the  title-page  Calvin's  name  and  his 
express  sanction.     Died  May  27,  1564. 

Cambert,  an  organist  and  composer ; 
born  at  Paris,  1628 ;  the  first  French  mu- 
sician that  set  an  opera  to  music,  1659 ; 
afterwards  wrote  several  operas,  but 
was  rivalled  by  LuUi ;  died  in  London, 
1677. 

Cameron,  D.,  the  celebrated  piper  of 
Edinburgh,  from  1838  to  1868.  Died  at 
Inverness,  March,  1868. 

Campagnoli,  B,  violinist;  bom  in 
Italy,  Sept.  10,  1751 ;  died  1827. 

Campanini,  Italic,  born  in  Parma 
1846;  made  his  d^but  in  Russia,  where 
he  remained  three  years ;  went  to  Milan, 
and  achieved  most  signal  success  on  the 
continent  as  a  tenor  singer ;  appeared  at 


24 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Drury  Lane,  London,  1872;  came  to 
America  1873. 

Campbell,  S.  C,  born  in  Hartford, 
Conn.,  1830,  barytone  of  the  Parepa 
opera  troupe;  died  at  Chicago,  Nov. 
28,  1874.  He  had  gained  fame  at  home 
and  abroad. 

Campenhout,  Van,  a  Belgian  musi- 
cian, Avho  composed  the  music  to  the 
*'  Brahanconne,^'  or  national  hymn ;  was 
promoted  to  the  office  of  chapel-master, 
and  presented  with  a  gold  snuff-box  by 
the  king.  The  words  were  written  by 
Jenneval,  a  French  actor,  who  died 
1830. 

Campoeese,  a  famous  singer  in 
France  and  England,  1817  to  1823. 

Campea,  a,,  born  at  Aix,  in  Pro- 
vence, 1660;  a  composer  for  .30  years; 
died  at  Versailles,  July  29,  1744. 

Cannabich,  C,  violinist,  was  in  1778 
one  of  the  best  solo  players  in  Ger- 
many. 

CajS^non  were  used  as  a  musical  ad- 
junct in  Dresden,  1645;  at  St.  Peters- 
burg, 1778 ;  at  Boston,  by  Burditt,  1858 ; 
by  Gilmore,  1872. 

Cantus  Ambrosianus,  introduced 
at  Milan  in  the  4th  century. 

Canzonets,  for  four  and  five  voices, 
were  first  introduced,  1560,  by  Alessan- 
dro  Romano ;  also  the  use  of  many  in- 
struments as  accompaniments. 

Capua,  Rinaldo  di,  born  at  Naples, 
1703;  was  the  first  who  introduced  in- 
strumental symphonies  in  Italy;  it  has 
been  claimed  that  he  was  the  inventor 
of  accompanied  recitative,  because  he 
used  it. 

Caradoei.  See  Allan,  Madame. 
She  married  Mr.  Allan,  August,  1823. 

Caeafa,  Michel,  born  at  Naples, 
Nov.  17,  1785;  wrote  in  his  youth,  for 
amateurs,  an  opera  called  "IZ  Fantas- 
ma,'^  and  composed,  about  1802,  two 
cantatas,  "  II  Natale  di  Giove,^'  and 
^^  Achille  e  Deidamla  ;^'  in  1814  pro- 
duced his  first  opera,  called  "  II  Vascelle 
V  Occidente,^^  at  the  theatre  Del  Fonde; 
and  many  successful  works  afterwards 
to  1833;  his  "  Semircwiis'^  and  "■  Masa- 
niello^^  are  among  the  best  operas.  A 
short  time  before  the  death  of  this  old 
composer,  his  wife  died ;  and  July  27, 
1872,  one  of  the  most  prolific  writers  of 
the  century  died  also. 

Carey,  G.  S.,  son  of  Henry,  born  in 
England  1743;  travelled  forty  years, 
singing  his  own  compositions;  died 
July  4,  1807. 


Carey,  H.,  musician;  born  1663; 
composer  of  "  Sally  in  our  Alley,''  and 
many  other  songs  and  cantatas ;  died  at 
Cold  Bath  Fields,  England,  1743. 

Carhart,  Jeremiah,  widely  and  ex- 
tensively known  as  an  instrument  mak- 
er in  this  country,  as  early  as  1836; 
while  studying  the  construction  of  the 
accordeon,  discovered  that  the  tones 
were  much  better  when  the  wind  was 
drawn  through  the  reeds  than  when  it 
was  expelled  through  them,  and  applied 
this  knowledge  in  constructing  the  me- 
lodeon;  took  out  a  patent  for  his  im- 
provements, 1846;  died  August,  1868. 

Carillons,  a  small  instrument  fur- 
nished with  bells;  also  a  number  of 
bells  so  arranged  as  to  give  forth  musi- 
cal sounds,  and  upon  which  music  can 
be  played  by  hammers  striking  the  dif- 
ferent bells.  The  name  has  been  given 
to  the  tunes  played,  as  well  as  to  the  set 
of  bells. 

Carlbeeg,  Gotthold,  born  in  Ber- 
lin, 1838 ;  came  to  New  York,  1859,  and 
Avas  engaged  as  a  writer  for  the  "  Staats 
Zeitung ; "  in  1865  was  conductor  of 
concerts  in  Berlin;  in  1869  wrote  two 
works  on  the  culture  of  the  voice,  at 
Vienna ;  became  director  of  opera  in  Tri- 
este ;  in  1870  conducted  at  Warsaw  and 
St.  Petersburg ;  in  1871  returned  to  New 
York,  with  the  concert  company  of 
Prince  Galitzin. 

Carols.  The  custom  of  singing  car- 
ols at  Christmas  dates  from  the  time  of 
Gilbert,  1521,  or  from  the  time  when 
the  common  people  ceased  to  under- 
stand Latin.  Telesphorus,  who  died 
A.  D.  138,  ordered  that  an  Angelic 
Hymn  be  sung  in  church  the  night 
before  Christmas. 

Caereno,  Teresa,  born  in  Caraccas, 
Venezuela,  Dec.  22,  1853,  of  Spanish 
parents;  sang  with  correctness  at  the 
age  of  two  years;  at  five,  commenced 
playing  the  piano-forte;  made  her  ap- 
pearance at  Music  Hall,  Boston,  Mass., 
Dec.  22,  1862,  aged  nine  years,  having 
previously  played,  a  piece  for  four  hands, 
with  her  teacher,  in  New  York;  she 
improvised  with  great  facility,  and  her 
compositions  are  of  remarkable  beauty. 

Caeeoy,  Eustache  i)u,  was  born  at 
Beauvais,  and  was  chapel-master  under 
Henry  III.  and  Henry  IV. ;  he  contrib- 
uted powerfully  to  the  conversion  of  the 
latter,  and,  during  the  king's  objurga- 
tion at  the  church  of  St.  Dennis,  caused 
a  magnificent  Te  Deum  to  be  executed. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


25 


Gary,  Annie  Louise, born  at  Wayne, 
Me.,  1842;  could  sing  before  she  could 
talk  plainly;  went  to  Boston,  1859, 
and  sang  there  and  in  other  cities  until 
1866,  wiien  she  went  to  Europe ;  sang  at 
Milan,  Copenhagen,  Stockholm,  Ham- 
burg, Brussels,  and  other  German  cities, 
and  later  in  Paris,  everywhere  with 
success ;  returning  to  this  country  with 
Mile.  Nilsson,  she  appeared  in  New 
York,  Sept.  19,  1871,  sharing  the  honors 
of  the  fair  Swede,  whose  soaring  soprano 
was  well  supported  by  Miss  Cary's  rich 
contralto. 

Castellan,  born  at  Lyons,  France, 
1823;  appeared  in  opera  at  the  age  of 
sixteen;  was  in  Mexico,  1842;  came  to 
this  country,  1843;  sang  in  London, 
1846,  and  returned  here  in  1855;  since 
which  she  has  remained  in  London  and 
Paris.  Meyerbeer  wrote  the  part  of 
Bertha,  in  "  The  Prophet,^''  for  her. 

Castil,  G.,  composer  and  author; 
born  at  Montefiascon,  1721 ;  resided  at 
the  court  of  Joseph  II. ;  wrote  several 
operas,  the  hero  of  one  being  Cicero, 
who  sings  a  comic  parody  of  his  cele- 
brated speech  "  Quosque  tandem,^^  &c. ; 
died  in  Paris,  Feb.  7,  1808. 

Castello,  Daeio,  a  composer  of  in- 
strumentaJt  music,  published  at  Venice, 
in  the  years  1627  and  1629. 

Catalani,  Angelica,  born  at  Sini- 
gaglia,  near  Rome,  1783 ;  appeared  as  a 
singer  at  Venice  when  fifteen  years  old ; 
married  Mons.  Valebreque;  sang  in 
Spain,  where  the  price  of  tickets  to  her 
concert  was  six  ounces  of  gold;  next 
sang  in  Paris ;  and  then  remained  in 
England  until  1815,  when  she  returned 
to  Paris  at  a  fabulous  salary ;  from  this 
point  she  visited  all  parts  of  Europe, 
meeting  with  prodigious  success ;  for 
twenty-two  years  she  held  a  high  rank 
among  musicians,  and,  having  amassed 
a  fortune,  she  founded  a  free  music- 
school  for  girls  at  Florence,  on  condi- 
tion that  they  should  add  Catalani  to 
their  names ;  in  1849  went  to  Paris,  and 
died  in  Paris  July  12,  1849,  aged  m, 
leaving  $1,600,000  to  her  three  chil- 
dren. 

Catel,  C.  S.,  a  French  musician, 
born  1773;  famous  for  his  ^^ Treatise  on 
Harmony  ;^'  died  at  Paris,  1830. 

Cecilia,  Saint,  a  Roman  lady  of  liigh 
descent,  doomed  to  suffer  martyrdom; 
the  chosen  patroness  of  musicians ;  from 
her  skill  in  singing  is  especially  regarded 
as  the  patroness  of  sacred  music. 


Celtic  Music.  Like  birds,  the  Celts 
delighted  in  tuneful  melodies ;  they  did 
not  practise  part-singing,  and  used  the 
Greek  scales. 

Cervalet.  a  small  bassoon,  blown 
through  a  reed  like  that  of  the  haut- 
boy. 

CiiA.  A  Chinese  instrument  having 
the  chromatic  scale. 

Channel,  Maky,  one  of  the  singers 
that  welcomed  George  Washington  to 
Boston;  died  there  June,  1855,  aged  90; 
was  born  in  England. 

CiiAPPELL,  William,  Esq.,  author  of 
a  collection  of  '"'■Ancient  EwiUsh  Melo- 
die/^,''  and  other  works,  London.  Eng. 

Characters,  to  indicate  expression 
in  singing,  were  introduced  in  this 
country  1812. 

Charity  Music.  The  first  instance 
of  the  introduction  of  music  in  aid  of 
charity  was  in  1709,  for  the  benefit  of  the 
sons  of  the  clergy  in  England. 

Charles  L,  a  famous  performer  upon 
stringed  instruments.  Charles  IX.,  a 
violinist  and  vocalist;  he  had  a  viol  of 
such  capacity  as  to  contain  several  sing- 
ers who  sang  inside  while  he  played  bass 
and  sang  tenor.  Charles  the  Bold  was, 
like  his  father  and  grandfather,  a  musi- 
cian and  composer.  Charles  V.  was  a 
musician  and  critic ;  his  choir  consisted 
of  15  good  singers. 

Chauncey,  Nathaniel,  of  Durham, 
Conn.,  published,  1727,  an  ''''Essay  on 
singing  the  Songs  of  the  Lord ; "  after 
preaching  in  that  place  for  fifty  years, 
died  there  at  an  advanced  age. 

Cheney,  Moses  E.,  born  Dec.  10, 
1812 ;  known  as  a  teacher  for  many 
years;  was  one  of  the  "  Cheney  Family,^' 
who  all  acquired  reputation  as  singers 
and  musicians ;  was  a  composer  and  le- 
gislator; had  a  method  of  his  own,  and 
repudiated  that  of  the  books;  was  the 
founder  of  musical  conventions  in  Ver- 
mont, and  a  lecturer  on  music. 

Cheney,  Simeon  P.,  musician  and 
teacher;  went  to  reside  at  Dorset,  Vt. ; 
well  known  as  a  musician  in  New  Eng- 
land: there  were  also  in  the  family, 
Joseph  Y.,  Elizabeth  E.,  and  Nathaniel, 
all  good  singers. 

Cherub  INI,  Maria  L.  Z.  Salvator, 
born  at  Florence  Sept.  8,  1760;  was  a 
composer  at  the  age  of  thirteen  years ; 
wrote  constantly  for  the  theatre  and  the 
church ;  went  to  London  1784,  and  set- 
tled in  Paris  1788;  wote  many  operas 
for  France  and  England;  in  1822,  be- 


26 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


came  director  of  the  Conservatoire;  was 
invested  with  the  Grand  Cross  of  the 
LeG;ion  of  Honor,  and  died  full  of  honors 
March  15,  1842. 

CiiE\^"s  System  substitutes  numer- 
als for  the  letters ;  the  same  as  that  of 
Rousseau  and  by  Souhaitty,  but  aban- 
doned as  useless. 

CiiiCKERiNG,  JoxAs,  bom  at  New 
Ipswich,  N.H.,  April,  1797;  spent  much 
of  his  leisure  in  learning  to  sing,  and  to 
play  such  instruments  as  were  in  use; 
was  very  ingenious,  and  was  employed 
to  tune  the  first  piano  he  ever  saw,  and 
succeeded;  went  to  Boston,  1818,  and 
was  employed  by  Mr.  Osborn,  piano- 
forte manufacturer ;  played  the  clarinet 
and  bass-drum,  and  sang  in  church; 
became  a  maker  of  piano-fortes,  and 
founded  the  well-known  house  of  Chick- 
eri ng  &  Sons ;  and  was  the  friend  and 
assistant  of  musical  artists  in  Boston 
and  elsewhere;  in  1852  his  establish- 
ment was  destroyed  by  fire,  but  was 
soon  rebuilt.  He  was  a  leading  man  in 
all  musical  improvements,  and  held 
offices  in  the  societies  of  the  city ;  died 
at  Boston,  Dec.  9, 1853,  leaving  four  chil- 
dren ;  the  sons  continue  the  business. 

Chimes,  a  collection  of  bells  struck 
with  hammers.  AVTien  sevei-al  bells  are 
placed  in  the  same  tower,  and  are  care- 
fully tuned  to  each  other,  they  are  called 
a  peal  of  bells.  At  Antwerp,  Holland, 
the  chime  of  bells  on  the  great  cathedral 
are  played  upon,  then;  being  a  different 
tune  for  every  hour  of  the  day ;  and  they 
play  the  entire  music  of  an  opera,  giv- 
ing a  short  strain  at  the  quarter-hour, 
and  a  longer  one  at  the  half-hour.  So 
the  people  hear  music  all  day  and  all 
night. 

Chixese  Flute,  made  of  bamboo,  and 
bound  with  silk  to  prevent  its  cracking. 

Chinese  Music.  It  is  claimed  by  tins 
people  that  music  has  been  a  study 
among  them  for  2,200  years,  and  that 
the  empire  is  full  of  tunes :  but  their 
system  is  so  elaborate  that  other  nations 
cannot  understand  their  notation. 

Chiroplast,  guide  for  the  hand  in 
piano-forte  playing. 

Chladni,  Ernst  Floeens  Fried- 
rich,  born  at  AVittenburg,  1756 ;  wrote 
a  ^'Treatise  on  Acoustics  ;^'  invented 
the  euphon,  1789,  which  consists  of  glass 
cylinders  to  be  rubbed  longitudinally 
with  the  fingers  moistened,  somewhat 
like  the  harmonica;  the  clair-cylindre, 
1800,  contains  a  fingerboard  and  a  cylin- 


der of  glass,  turned  by  means  of  a  pedal 
and  a  wheel ;  died  1827. 

Choir  Organ  is  the  smaller  or  softer- 
toned  organ. 

Choir  Singing  was  practised  in  the 
Jewish  Temple,  where  alsh  originated 
the  antiphonal  chant.  In  England  24 
persons  formed  a  choir,  1194. 

Choir  of  David  consisted  of  4,000 
singers  under  280  leaders,  with  instru- 
mental accompaniments. 

Chopin,  Frederic,  born  in  Warsaw, 
March  1, 1810;  became  a  very  celebrated 
composer  and  pianist;  his  piano-forte 
compositions  are  various  and  numerous ; 
many  of  them  are  notturnos,  ballads, 
impromptus,  scherzos,  polonaises,  ma- 
zurkas, waltzes,  and  boleros;  has  also 
written  concertos  and  sonatas ;  after  a 
long  and  painful  sickness,  he  died  Oct. 
17,1849. 

Chorley,  Henry  Fothebgill,  was 
born  in  1808,  and  when  young  went  to 
reside  in  London,  having  studied  music 
previously;  he  became  connected  with 
"  The  Athenoium,''^  and  for  thirty-five 
years  conducted  the  musical  department 
of  that  paper.  Among  his  many  pub- 
lished works,  his  '^  Modern  German  Mu- 
sic,'^ ^"Modern  Operas,''  and  "  Thirty 
Years'  Musical  Recollections,"  are  well 
known.  He  wrote  many  librettos  and 
songs  (which  latter  show  a  certain  cul- 
ture and  refinement  remarkable;  died 
of  heart  disease,  Februa^'y,  1872,  aged  64. 

Christ  Church  Chime,  Boston ;  a 
present  from  John  Rowe,  of  England, 
1744;  it  consists  of  eight  bells,  is  over  a 
century  old,  and  perfect.  Many  tunes 
are  performed  upon  this  chime. 

Christ  Church  Chime,  Philadel- 
phia, welcomed  George  Washington; 
rang  the  royal  birthdays ;  rang  when 
independence  was  proclaimed;  pealed 
joyfully  when  the  Constitution  was 
adopted ;  and  has  heralded  more  than 
100  Christmas  festivals. 

Chromatic  Musical  Hand.  Guido 
distinguished  the  sounds  by  the  joints  of 
the  fingers ;  five  fingers  representing  the 
staff  of  five  lines  with  the  four  inter- 
mediate spaces ;  sharps  are  represented 
at  the  root  of  the  fingers,  and  flats  at  the 
tips  of  the  fingers. 

Chromatic  Tuning-fork,  an  instru- 
ment consisting  of  two  forks  so  marked, 
and  adjusted  with  a  movable  slide,  as  to 
produce  all  the  tones  of  the  chromatic 
scale. 

Chute,  Lionel,  a  music-master,  came 


' '  '  '  /  '   T  • 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMiVTION.' 


^/r^> 


27 


.^^-T 


to  this  country,  1630.  Thomas,  born 
1690,  taught  music  in  Salem,  Mass. 
Andrew,  born  Sept.  15,  1789,  was  a 
composer  and  teaclier  in  Nova  Scotia, 
20  years;  died  in  Canada  West,  Feb.  17, 
1862.  William  E.  ,  born  in  Nova  Scotia, 
18o2 ;  a  teaclier  and  composer,  also  col- 
lector of  ancient  books  on  music;  has 
taught  in  New  England,  West,  and 
South,  and  in  Canada,  where  he  now 
resides. 

CiMAROSA,  DoMiNico,  born  at  Naples, 
1754 ;  became  early  celebrated  as  a  dra- 
matic composer,  and  wrote  many  operas 
between  1779  and  1792;  was  originally 
a  baker,  and  had  hardly  finished  his 
apprenticeship  when  he  began  to  com- 
pose operas;  died  at  Venice,  Jan.  11, 
1801. 

Circassian  Music.  Having  no  writ- 
ten language,  this  people  have  treasured 
up  their  history  in  music:  their  songs 
recount  the  traditions  of  antiquity, 
which  are  thus  handed  down,  by  sing- 
ing, from  one  generation  to  another. 

CiTHARA,  an  ancient  instrument,  like 
the  lyre,  with  three  strings,  which  were 
in  time  increased  to  twenty-four. 

CiTHARA  HisPANicA.  Spanish  guitar. 

Clangor  Tubarum,  a  Roman  mili- 
tary trumpet :  a  sample  of  it  was  found 
at  Pompeii. 

Clarinet,  a  wind  instrument  of  the 
reed  kind,  the  scale  of  which  includes 
every  semitone;  invented  by  J.  C. 
Denner,  Leipsic,  1695. 

Clarion,  a  bugle-horn  formerly  used 
in  cavalry  music  and  in  some  orchestras ; 
a  Moorish  octave  trumpet. 

Clarke,  W^illiam  H.,  author  of  a 
'^ New  Method  for  Beed  Organs,''''  is  an 
organist  and  a  church-organ  builder  at 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1874. 

Clarscu,  or  Clar-seach,  one  of  the 
several  Irish  harps. 

Clavecin,  Clavichord,  Clavier, 
all  names  for  an  old  keyed,  stringed  in- 
strument, superseded  by  the  piano- 
forte. 

Clavicord,  a  name  for  the  clavi- 
chord, a  keyed  instrument  like  the 
spinet. 

Clementi  &  Co.,  manufacturers  of 
wind  instruments,  London.  Their  in- 
struments were  considered  as  the  best 
in  their  day.  Their  flutes  were  very 
popular  in  the  day  of  Nicholson,  after 
whose  plan,  and  under  whose  immediate 
direction,  they  made  great  numbers. 
-  Clementi,  Muzio,  a  celebrated  pia- 


nist  and  composer;  born  at  Rome,  1752; 
early  acquired  a  great  reputation  in  all 
Europe ;  resided  mostly  in  London,  but 
some  in  Paris ;  composed  nuich  ;  became 
wealthy,  retired,  and  died  at  Worcester, 
Eng.,  March  10,  1832,  aged  83. 

CoLsoN,  Pauline,  for  several  years 
the  reigning  and  admired  prima  donna 
of  the  French  Italian  opera  in  New 
York,  New  Orleans,  and  Boston,  where 
she  came  in  1858  with  the  Strakosch 
company. 

Comer,  Thomas,  born  at  Bath,  Eng- 
land, 1790;  went  upon  the  stage  1818, 
and  in  1821  appeared  at  the  Covent 
Garden  Theatre,  where  he  played  until 
1827,  when  he  came  to  this  country,  and 
made  his  appearance  at  the  Bowery  in 
New  York ;  two  years  later  he  came  to 
Boston  as  musical  director  at  the  Tre- 
niont  Theatre,  where  he  prepared  the 
operas  in  which  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Wood  ap- 
peared ;  was  afterwards  mvisical  director 
at  the  Boston  Theatre;  many  popular 
airs  of  his  composition  are  still  fresh  in 
memory;  was  well  known  in  Boston  as 
"  Honest  Tom  Comer;  "  was  a  member 
of  the  best  orchestras  and  musical  soci- 
eties; composed  much  music,  and  re- 
mained in  Boston  thirty-five  years ;  died 
July  28,  1862,  aged  72. 

Concert  in  Action.  On  the  13th 
day  of  July,  1645,  a  concert  in  action 
was  given  at  Dresden,  and  all  the  artists 
of  Germany,  Switzerland,  ihe  Vaud, 
Poland,  and  Italy,  were  invited  to  unite 
with  their  pupils  in  the  great  festival ; 
many  thousands  assembled,  and  a  bat- 
tery of  artillery  assisted.  A  double  fugue, 
representing  the  Assyrians  flying  before 
the  victorious  Israelites,  closed  the  per- 
formance. 

Concert  of  Ancient  Music,  estab- 
lished in  London,  England,  1776,  under 
the  direction  of  a  body  of  noblemen. 

Concert-giving  originated  in  the 
reign  of  Charles  II.  The  first  were  in 
ale-houses,  then  in  taverns,  and  even- 
tually in  public  rooms  and  halls  for  the 
purpose  of  making  money  from  entrance- 
fees.  Italian  singers  were  employed  as 
early  as  1676. 

Concone,  M.,  well  known  in  the 
musical  world  as  a  teacher  of  vocal 
music,  and  by  liis  writings;  chapel- 
master  of  the  king  of  Italy;  died  at 
Turin,  July,  1861. 

Conservatory  of  Paris,  founded 
by  Sarette,  1795. 

Contra-Basso,  the  double  bass ;  an 


-v?  ^  y-^  Y^* 


^Atny^'^c. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


instrument  in  the  form  of  the  violon- 
cello. 

Contra  Bassoon,  very  large,  but  in 
the  form  of  the  faqotto;  one  is  used  in 
the  Grand  Opera,  Paris. 

Contra-Fagotto,  an  octave  below 
the  fagotto,  or  small  bassoon ;  made  in 
the  same  form. 

I  Conventions,  called  musical,  ori- 
'  ginated  in  New  Hampshire,  with  the 
Central  Musical  Society;  the  first  one 
was  held  at  Concord,  N.H.,  September, 
1829 ;  it  was  conducted  by  Henry  Eaton 
Moore.  Moses  E.  Cheney  claims  to  have 
held  the  first  in  Vermont. 

Cooke,  Dr.  Benjamin,  a  celebrated 
English  musician,  born  1734,  and  in  1780 
was  organist  and  master  of  tbe  boys  of 
Westminster  Abbey.  Dr.  Cooke  com- 
posed many  beautiful  vocal  pieces ;  died 
179.3. 

CoRELLi,  A.,  born  at  Bologna,  1653: 
founder  of  the  Roman  school  of  violin- 
ists ;  composed  much  for  his  instrument ; 
died  at  Rome,  Jan.  18,  1713. 

Corn  de  Chasse,  the  French  horn, 

CoRNELLi,  Adelaide,  vocalist, 
widow  of  the  celebrated  tenor  Rubini, 
died  on  the  36th  of  January,  1874,  at 
Milan;  left  all  of  her  large  fortune  to 
tbe  town  of  Romano,  in  Lombardy,  the 
birthplace  of  her  husband,  to  be  em- 
ployed in  founding,  1st,  an  orphan  asy- 
lum for  boys,  with  a  school-farm  ;  2d,  a 
college  of  eight  classes ;  3d,  a  home  for 
musical  artists. 

CoRNETTiNO,  a  Small  cornet  or  octave 
trumpet. 

CoRNO,  OR  CoRNi.  French  horn  or 
horns. 

CoRNO  Ingles'^.  English  horn,  a 
reed  instrument  like  the  hautboy. 

CORNMUSE,  OR    CORNAMUSA,  the    old 

bagpipe. 

CoRRi,  D.,  born  at  Rome,  Oct.  4, 1746 ; 
famous  composer;  died  at  Hampstead, 
England,  May  22,  1825 ;  his  wife  was  a 
celebrated  vocalist.  Natale,  born  at 
Rome,  1765;  famous  teacher;  died  at 
Weisbaden,  June  24,  1822.  Montague, 
burn  at  Edinburgh,  1785;  celebrated 
composer  of  theatre  aad  military  music. 
Hayden,  composer  and  organist ;  died 
In  Dublin,  Feb.  18,  1860,  aged  75.  Dus- 
sek,  an  opera  singer ;  died  at  Brompton, 
England,  1870. 

Costa,  Michele,  born  at  La  Cerra, 
near  Naples,  1810;  but  a  resident  of  Lon- 
don, England,  since  1830,  when  he  be- 
came conductor  of  the  orchestra  at  her 


Majesty's  Theatre,  and  director  of  the 
Philharmonic  Society;  wrote  ^'■Bon  Car- 
los,'''' '^  Meiek-Adel,''  ^^  Eli,''  and  other 
works,  and  became  very  popular  and 
wealthy ;  was  director  of  Covent  Garden 
Opera,  1847 ;  since  1849,  director  of  the 
Birmingham  Festivals. 

Counterpoint  was  first  applied  as 
the  name  of  polyphonic  music,  by  De- 
muris.  Previously  it  was  the  custom  for 
musicians  to  improvise  parts  to  accom- 
pany the  melody ;  and  this  practice  be- 
came so  offensive  in  church  music  that 
it  was  abolished  by  a  papal  decree. 

CovERDALE,  MiLES,  born  in  York- 
shire, England,  1487 ;  was  the  first  to  pre- 
pare Psalms  in  verse  for  the  purpose  of 
being  sung;  his  "GoosUy  Psalmes  and 
S})irltuall  Sonr/es "  were  published  in 
London,  England,  1538;  in  tbis  edition 
the  first  verse  of  each  psalm  is  accom- 
panied by  musical  notes ;  died  1568. 

Cramer,  John  Baptist,  son  of  Wil- 
liam ;  boi'n  in  Germany,  but  went  to 
England  when  young ;  became  a  pianist, 
and  travelled  on  the  continent,  and  gave 
concerts  in  the  capital  towns ;  became 
known  as  a  composer,  1791,  and  pub- 
lished some  works  at  Paris;  became 
celebrated  as  a  teacher  as  well  as  com- 
poser ;  was  unrivalled  as  a  pianist ;  his 
works  are  very  numerous  and  cele- 
brated ;  died  in  London,  April  16,  1858, 
aged  87. 

Cremonas,  violins  made  at  Cremona, 
in  Italy. 

Croft,  William,  born  at  Nether 
Eatington,  Warwickshire,  1677 ;  became 
early  known  as  an  organist  and  com- 
poser; in  1711,  published  his  '^  JDivine 
Harmony ;"  in  1715  was  made  doctor  of 
music  in  the  university  at  Oxford  ;  pub- 
lished much  choral  music ;  died  Aug.  27, 
1727,  aged  50. 

Crotch,  Dr.  William,  born  at  Nor- 
wich, England,  July  5,  1775;  was  an 
extraordinary  musical  genius ;  at  the 
age  of  twenty-two  was  a  professor  at 
Oxford  where  he  received  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  music ;  published  much  music, 
and  was  a  profound  theorist ;  published, 
among  many  valuable  works,  several 
treatises  on  harmony  and  comiDosition; 
died  at  Taunton,  England,  Dec.  29, 1847, 
aged  72. 

Crouch,  F.  Nicholls,  a  popular  Eng- 
lish composer;  author  of  the  song 
^'■Kathleen  Mavourneen;"  born  in  Eng- 
land, July  31, 1808;  was  engaged  as  vio- 
loncellist in  the  King's  Theatre,  Lon- 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  mFORMATIOK. 


29 


don,  in  1817;  lie  came  to  America  about 
1848,  and  was  engaged  in  the  same 
capacity  in  one  of  the  Italian  opera 
troupes  about  the  year  1848;  he  has 
since  been  established  as  a  successful 
teacher  in  Portland,  Me.,  where  he  was 
at  the  head  of  several  musical  societies, 
and  active  in  the  getting-up  of  classical 
performances,  such  as  oratorios,  madri- 
gals, and  chamber  music;  afterwards 
removed  to  Washington,  D.C.,  and 
thence  to  Virginia. 

OuxNiNGHAM,  Allaw,  musician, 
born  at  Blackwood,  Scotland,  1784 ;  au- 
thor of  "Relics  of  Nithsdale  and  Gallo- 
way Song;"  died  Oct.  20,  1842.  Wil- 
liam F.,"  born  at  Kettering,  England, 
Oct.  25,  1803 ;  came  to  America,  1841 ; 
composer  and  director;  died  at  Phila- 
delphia, Jan.  14,  1871.  Peter,  son  of 
Allan,  composer  in  London,  1847. 

CuEwiN,  John,  of  London,  England, 
known  by  his  Tonic  Sol  Fa  system,  in 
which  Do  stands  for  the  key-note  of  all 
keys. 

Cutler,    Henry    Stephen,     Mus. 

Doc,  born  in   Boston,   Mass.,   Oct.   7, 

1825;   edited    ''Trinity  Psalter,''    1863; 

J      published  "  Trinity  Anthems,''  original 


music,  186G;  organist  at  Boston,  and 
later  of  Trinity  Church,  New  York ;  now 
at  St.  Ann's,  Brooklyn,  and  on  Satur- 
days at  the  Temple  Emanuel  Synagogue, 
New  York. 

Cutler,  William  Henry,  Mus.  Bac. 
Oxon.,  born  in  London,  1792 ;  celebrated 
as  a  singer,  organist,  and  teacher  of 
music;  composed  much  music  for  the 
church ;  purchased  the  right  to  use 
Logier's  system ;  opened  a  school,  and 
taught  with  great  success. 

Cymbals  were  originally  bells,  and 
were  struck  from  the  outside. 

Cyrus,  after  the  conquest  of  Babylon, 
established  a  number  of  Magi  to  sing  in 
honor  of  the  gods. 

Czerny,  Carl,  a  highly  gifted  au- 
thor and  composer;  born  at  Vienna, 
Feb.  21,  1791 ;  became  celebrated  as  a 
piano-forte  performer  and  teacher,  1805 ; 
continued  to  teach  for  more  than  thirty 
years ;  produced  a  great  number  of 
compositions ;  published  many  practical 
works ;  wrote  many  exercises,  and  was 
author  of  a  treatise  on  the  composition 
of  all  kinds  of  music,  both  vocal  and 
instrumental ;  died  at  Vienna,  July  15, 
1857,  aged  GG. 


D. 


'•^ 


D  is  the  second  note  in  the  scale  of  C, 
called  Ee. 

Dab  ABIE,  M.,  of  the  Grand  Opera, 
Paris;  sang  in  the  original  caste  of 
many  works ;  died  1853,  aged  55. 

Dagomirsky,  a.,  composer  of  op- 
eras ;  born  at  St.  Petersburg ;  died  1869. 

Daifaori,  S.,  an  operatic  singer, 
known  favorably  in  London  some  years ; 
died  there,  Apri'l,  1870. 

Dalayrac,  N.,  born  at  Muret,  in 
Languedoc,  June  13,  1753;  composed 
several  operas,  one  of  which  was  per- 
formed at  a  festival  in  honor  of  Benjamin 
Franklin ;  died  at  Paris,  Nov.  27,  1809. 

Damon,  William,  set  the  whole  book 
of  psalms  to  music,  1579;  one  of  the 
earliest  collections  of  music  in  four 
parts. 

Damoreau,  Laure  Cinthie  Mon- 
talant,  born  in  Paris,  1801 ;  was  a 
famous  opera  singer ;  visited  this  coun- 
try 1844;  died  in  Paris,  March,  1863. 

Danby,  J.,  English  glee  composer; 
born  1758 ;  died  while  a  concert  was  per- 
forming for  his  benefit. 


Ij 


^ 


Dance,  Wm.,  born  1755,  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Philharmonic  So- 
ciety, London;  composer  and  director; 
taught  music  for  forty-eight  years. 

Dancing  was  practised  by  the  early 
Christians  in  religious  services ;  psalm- 
tunes  were  danced  in  the  time  of 
Charles  IX. 

Danican,  P.  A.,  established  the  "Con-  j  ^^ 
cert  Spirituel"  lit  Faris,  1725;  the  per-  v  ^ 
formers  were  from  the  Royal  Acad-  %^  > 
emy.  ^"^  '^ 

Danican,  F.  a.,  born  at  Dreux,  Sept.    { 
7,  1727;    chapel-master  of  Louis  XV., 
and  composer;    died  in  Loudon,  Aug. 
30,  1795. 

Dannreuther,    E.,   bom  in  Stras-      ^^ 
bourg,  1844 ;  came  to  this  country  1853 ;  4 
famous  as  a  pianist.  A    ^ 

D'Aponte,  L.,  born  at  Anoda  (some^  (2! 
say  Creda),  1748;  writer  of  librettos  for   ^ 
Mozart;  came  to  this  country  1803;  as-    N' 


ii 


opera 


^    , 


/Cw  .JM^     lvr~  2>^?>a.vw. 


^.  -4-t^ 


/  ^^ 


sisted  in    bringing    the    Garcia    vyi^v^xc.^ 
troupe  to  New  York,  1825 ;  died  August,    >    / 
1838,  aged  90.  f  6 

Dareis,  a  bass  singer,  at  Marseilles,  >^ 


A 


80 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  IKFORMATION". 


continued  to  sing  until  J 02  years  of  age, 
1825. 

Dakius,  M.,  a  tenor  singer  at  the  fu- 
neral of  Louis  XV. ;  died  at  Rouen,  Feb- 
ruary, 1838,  aged  103. 

Darley,  W.  H.  W.,  born  in  New 
York,  Sept.  9, 1801 ;  director,  composer, 
and  organist;  editor  of  cliurch  music 
books;  died  July  31,  1872;  was  organist 
fifty  years. 

Darley,  F.  T.  S.,  composer  and  di- 
rector; born  in  Philadelphia,  where  his 
works  have  been  performed. 

Darling,  Geo.  S.,  of  Watertown, 
N.Y.,  invented,  1872,  a  new  system  of 
notation;  the  principle  being  to  repre- 
sent iu  the  staff  the  key-board ;  the 
spaces  indicate  the  white  keys,  and  the 
lines  the  black  ones. 

Dauney,  W.  B.,  at  Aberdeen,  1800; 
author  of  ^^  Ancient  Scottish  Melodies,'^ 
1838  ;  died  July  28,  1843. 

Davenant  (or  D' Avenant),  of  Eng- 
land, wrote  twenty-five  o%)eras,  the  first 
produced  after  the  Restoration,  1050; 
died  in  London,  1088. 

David,  Felicien,  born  at  Cadenet. 
France,  March  8,  1810;  chiefly  known 
by  his  great  composition,  **  The  Desert,''^ 
1844. 

David,  Ferdinand,  was  born  in 
Hamburg,  Jan.  19,  1810,  and  ranked 
among  the  first  of  German  violinists ; 
was  also  a  teacher  and  composer.  At 
the  age  of  thirteen  he  was  studying 
under  Spohr's  guidance,  and  in  1825 
became  known  as  a  performer.  He 
played  the  first  violin  at  the  theatre  in 
Berlin,  Dorpat,  and  Leipsic;  was  the 
leader  of  the  Gewandhaus  band  ;  helped 
Mendelssohn  to  found  the  Leipsic  Con- 
servatory, 18-13,  and  worked  there  many 
years  as  a  professor,  sending  forth  many 
violinists  who  became  celebrated,  com- 
posing many  effective  pieces  and  works 
—  a  "  Violin  School,^^  and  one  comic  op- 
era, *'  Hans  Wacht,''  1852.  He  suffered 
sickness  for  some  time,  and  unexpect- 
edly died,  July  19,  1873,  at  Kloster,  a 
small  village  in  Switzerland,  where  he 
was  staying  for  the  benefit  of  his  health. 

David,  M.,  established  opera  in  New 
Orleans  before  it  was  known  in  any 
other  place  in  the  United  States. 

Davies,  Miss,  born  1740;  famous 
prima  donna,  and  performer  on  the  har- 
monica of  Dr.  Franklin ;  died  1772,  Ce- 
cilia, her  sister,  born  1757,  an  opera 
singer,  second  only  to  Billington ;  died 
1803. 


Dawson,  C,  of  London,  author  of 
several  works  on  music,  1844;  con- 
structed the  "  Autophon,^'  1849,  capable 
of  performing  mechanically  any  number 
of  musical  compositions. 

Debain,  a.,  born  1809;  in  1840  in- 
vented the  mechanical  pianist,  and 
other  wonderful  mechanism;  obtained 
damages  of  M.  Alexandre  for  using  his 
invention. 

De  Beonis,  Giuseppe,  born  at  Lu- 
go, 1795 ;  in  1813,  sang  in  opera  at  Mo- 
dena ;  became  a  favorite  in  Italy,  France, 
and  England ;  came  to  this  country,  and 
was  successful  here;  died  in  New  York, 
August,  1849,  aged  .54. 

De  Begnis,  Madame,  formerly  Mile. 
Ronzi,  was  a  celebrated  singer,  and 
after  her  marriage  sang  with  De  Begnis, 
everywhere  with  success ;  died  in  Italy 
July,  1853,  aged  53. 

De  Beriot,  M.  Charles  August, 
born  at  Louvain,  Belgium,  Feb.  20, 
1802;  at  the  age  of  nineteen  went  to 
Paris,  and  soon  became  known  there  and 
in  London  as  a  violinist;  travelled  with 
Malibran  in  Italy,  and  married  her, 
March,  1830;  after  her  death  he  settled 
at  Brussels,  where,  in  1842,  he  was  ap- 
pointed professor  at  the  conservatory; 
became  partially  paralyzed  and  wholly 
blind,  but  to  the  last  his  violin  was  his 
constant  companion ;  was  comparatively 
little  known  to  the  present  generation, 
though  one  of  the  most  talented  violin- 
ists of  the  world ;  died  April,  1870,  aged 
08. 

Decani  side,  in  the  cathedral,  is  the 
left,  where  the  dean  is  always  seated; 
the  opposite  is  the  Cantoris. 

Deems,  J.  M.,  born  in  Virginia,  Jan. 
9,  1818;  composer  of  an  opera  and  an 
oratorio.  New  York. 

Degenhard,  C.  G.,  musician  and 
composer,  Buffalo,  N.Y. ;  died,  1870. 

Dehn,  Siegfried  Wilhelm,  born  at 
Altona,  in  Holstein,  Feb.  25,  1800;  be- 
came conservator  of  the  musical  division 
of  the  Royal  Library  of  Berlin,  March 
24,  1842;  travelled  to  collect  books,  &c. ; 
played  the  violoncello  many  years  at 
Leipsic  and  at  Berlin;  was  director  of 
the  '*Do/7i  C7<or,"  and  had  great  knowl- 
edge of  musical  works ;  later  was  royal 
librarian,  and  editor  of  many  valuable 
publications;  died  April,  1858,  aged  58, 
leaving  a  wife,  one  son,  and  one  daugh- 
ter. 

Delgardo,  one  of  the  most  popular 
violinists  in  Paris,  1808,  was  formerly 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


31 


a  Louisiana  slave ;  he  escaped  into  Mex- 
ico, became  leader  of  an  orchestra  there, 
and  later  appeared  in  Paris. 

Delille,  O.,  a  famous  opera-singer; 
born  in  Paris,  1830;  after  singing  in 
France,  England,  Italy,  and  other  coun- 
tries, came  to  America,  November,  1851. 

Dellamaiua,  Domenico,  born  at 
Marseilles  of  an  Italian  family,  com- 
posed a  grand  opera  at  eighteen  years 
of  age,  which  was  represented  in  that 
city;  went  to  Italy,  where  he  composed 
six  comic  operas  and  some  other  works, 
all  given  within  the  space  of  two  years, 
and  attesting  the  fecundity  and  superi- 
ority of  his  talent.  He  died  suddenly, 
m  his  oGth  year,  at  Paris,  1800. 

Delpiiat,  M.,  celebrated  as  the  pro- 
jector of  the  first  '"'•monstre  concerf^  in 
France,  1791,  as  a  part  of  the  funeral 
honors  paid  to  the  officers  who  were 
killed  at  Nancy,  when  the  overture  to 
"  i)e»iopAon,"  by  Vogel,  was  executed 
by  twelve  hundred  wind  instruments ; 
was  the  oldest  instrumental  musician  in 
France  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which 
took  place  at  Lyons,  1855,  when  he  was 
99  years  and  300  days  old.  A  medal,  in 
the  shape  of  a  flute,  was  decreed  to  him 
by  the  city  of  Nancy,  which,  on  his 
death-bed,  the  old  musician  begged  to 
have  placed  in  his  coflin. 

Dempster,  Wm.  R.,  who  achieved 
a  world-wide  reputation  as  a  ballad 
singer  and  composer,  visited  this  coun- 
try 1840;  published,  1842,  a  collection 
of  his  songs  and  ballads;  gave  concerts 
in  all  the  principal  cities  and  towns; 
died  at  his  residence  in  London,  March 
7,  1871. 

Demunck,  E.,  bom  in  Belgium;  fa- 
mous violoncellist ;  received  the  Haben- 
eck  medal  at  Paris,  1870. 

De  Mukis,  John,  claimed  as  a  native 
by  Italy,  France,  and  England;  was  a 
musical  writer  1404;  was  the  first  to 
adopt  the  word  "counterpoint,"  the 
first  to  use  the  minim,  or  half-note, 
and  used  the  different  marks  of  time. 
The  invention  of  the  time-table  is  given 
to  him ;  but  it  was  made  in  France,  at 
Liege,  1083. 

Denev,  a.  L.,  of  New  Orleans,  1857, 
made  an  improved  "  Calliope,^'  the 
steam  pressure  being  reduced  from  150 
to  50  pounds ;  it  has  a  keyboard  similar 
to  a  piano-forte,  and  the  performer  can 
play  any  desired  composition  upon  it; 
the  sounds  are  thus  made  more  agree- 
able ;  died  in  London,  March,  18G4. 


Destkuction   of   Music  and   Ob- 

GANS.  Nearly  all  the  music-books  and 
organs  in  England  were  destroyed  by 
Cromwell's  army,  during  the  grand  re- 
bellion. The  cathedral  service  was  abol- 
ished 1043;  music- books  burned,  1G46. 

Dettingen  Te  Deum,  writtcii  by 
Handel  to  celebrate  a  victory  of  the 
British  over  the  French,  1743.  George 
II.  commanded  the  army  in  person ;  and 
it  was  this  English  king  who  set  the 
example  of  standing  up  dvn-ing  the  per- 
formance of  the  Hallelujah  Chorvis,  a 
custom  yet  observed  in  England. 

Devil's  Sonata,  one  of  Tartini's 
best  compositions ;  written  in  1713,  after 
dreaming  that  he  heard  it  performed  by 
his  majesty. 

DiACELLi,  Anton,  a  well-known  mu- 
sician, and  publisher  of  music ;  was  born 
at  Matsee,  1781 ;  his  name  is  much  as- 
sociated with  that  of  Beethoven ;  he 
composed  the  so-called  Diabelli  Waltz, 
which  served  Beethoven  for  a  theme  for 
thirty-three  variations,  which,  together, 
form  one  of  the  most  original,  imagina- 
tive, and  masterly  of  his  piano-forte 
works.  Diabelli  composed  much  instru- 
mental music  at  Vienna,  in  all  forms. 
He  is  known  in  this  coimtry,  amongst 
amateurs,  on  account  of  the  many  piano- 
forte pieces  he  has  published,  and  for 
his  studies  for  four  hands.  He  died  at 
Vienna,  April,  1858,  aged  77. 

Diapason,  heard  when  all  the  stops 
of  an  organ  and  all  the  registers  are 
open,  is"  what  ancient  writers  mean 
when  tliey  use  the  word ;  it  is  also  the 
octave ;  and  modern  instrument-makers 
use  the  word  as  the  name  of  certain  stops. 

Diatonic  Pitch-pipe.  A  wooden 
box  regulated  by  a  slide,  and  also  a 
small  brass  pipe,  which,  when  blown 
into,  will  produce  the  separate  tones, 
D,  F,  A,  and  C,  as  desired. 

Diatonic  Flute.  An  improved  in- 
strument invented  by  A.  Siccuma,  of 
London,  1830 ;  the  tones  being  fingered 
by  keys,  and  thus  equalized  and  made 
perfect. 

DiBDiN,  C,  bom  at  Southampton,  Eng- 
land, March  15, 174:3;  wrote  twelve  hun- 
dred songs  for  liis  own  concerts ;  died  at 
Camden,  near  London,  July  25,  1814. 
Thomas,  born  in  London,  1771 ;  wrote 
more  than  a  thousand  songs,  and  com- 
piled those  of  his  father  for  publication; 
died  Sept.  IG,  1841.  Henry  E.,  organ- 
ist and  composer,  Edinburgh ;  compiled 
six  hundred  specimens  of  clixircli  mu- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


sic  from  the  English,  Scotch,  and  Gen- 
eva psalters,  for  four  voices. 

DiCKOXS,  a  celebrated  English  singer, 
born  1778;  when  six  years  old  could 
play  Handel's  overtures;  sang  in  opera 
in  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland ;  died 
1833. 

DiCTioxARiUM  MusiCA,  by  John 
Hoyle,  musician,  London,  1770;  112 
pages. 

DiDiEE,  Mlle.  Nantier,  born  at  St. 
Denis,  in  the  Isle  of  Bourbon,  1832 ;  was 
early  a  pupil  of  Duprez  at  the  Consei'- 
vatoire,  Paris;  made  her  debut  at  the 
Academic;  studied  in  Italy;  appeared 
at  Turin ;  returned  to  France  with  an 
Italian  company,  and  sang  in  the  prin- 
cipal cities;  visited  London,  ani  sang 
there  with  Grisi.  In  1855  was  engaged 
as  contralto  at  the  New  York  Academy 
of  Music ;  but,  failing  in  this  country  to 
receive  the  encouragement  expected, 
returned  to  Europe ;  and  died  at  Madrid, 
in  the  fall  of  1867,  after  a  long  and  pain- 
ful illness. 

Dies  Ir^,  said  to  have  been  com- 
posed by  Francis,  1250;  it  is  claimed 
was  by  Thomas  di  Celano,  who  died 
1253;  upon  this  composition  Mozart 
founded  his  "  Eequiemy 

DiRUTA,  GEROJfiMO,  born  at  Perugia, 
1580;  organist  atChioggia  in  a  Venetian 
state;  published,  1615,  the  first  known 
instruction-book  for  the  harpsichord ; 
it  contains  a  summary  of  the  knowledge 
possessed  by  the  artists  of  that  period. 

DiSTix,  M.,  for  several  years  princi- 
pal trumpet-player  in  the  private  band 
of  George  IV. ;  after  the  invention  of 
saxhorns,  by  A.  Sax,  improved  some  of 
these  instruments,  and,  having  taught 
his  four  sons  to  play,  travelled  through 
Europe,  giving  concerts  as  the  Distin 
Family;  they  came  twice  to  this  coun- 
try, the  last  time,  1846,  with  increased 
fame;  since  which  they  have  been  in 
London. 

Doctor  of  Music,  a  degree  created 
at  Oxford,  England,  and  conferred  on 
Hamboys,  1451. 

DoDwoRTH,  Thomas  and  Allan, 
father  and  son,  New  York,  well  known 
as  the  managers  of  Dodworth's  Band, 
organized  1825 ;  later,  led  by  Harvey  B. 
Dodworth;  all  composers  and  perform- 
ers. 

DoEHLER,  T.,  born  at  Naples,  April 
20,  1814 ;  famous  pianist  and  composer ; 
died  Feb.  21,  1853. 

Donizetti,  Gaetano,  born  at  Ber- 


gamo, Sept.  27,  1799;  early  became  a 
composer,  and  has  been  greatly  ad- 
mired for  his  operatic  and  other  works ; 
was  a  professor  at  the  Naples  Academy ; 
became  insane,  and  died  at  Bergamo, 
April  8,  1848. 

Donizetti,  Giuseppe,  brother  of  the 
composer;  was  director  of  the  military 
music  of  the  sultan,  and  died  in  Con- 
stantinople, February,  1856. 

D'Ortigue,  M.  Joseph,  born  at  Ca- 
vaillon,   1802;  composer,  writer,  critic,   ^ 
and  editor  of  a  journal  of  religious  mu- 
sic from   1858  to  1860;  died  in  Paris,    J 
January,  1867.  -1 

Dorus-Gras,  Emilie,  a  French  smger  j 
born  in  Valenci3nnes,  1813;  made  her  --^ 
dehid  at  Brussels,  1830 ;  went  to  Paris,  ^ 
where  she  was  the  leading  prima  donna 
for  twenty  years;  marrie'd  M.  Gras,  an  ^ 
eminent  violinist,  1833,  and  retired  from  J 
the  stage.  T 

Douglass,    Victor,    composer     of  t 
French  operas ;  born  1784 ;  was  author  j- 
of  several  musical  works,  and  instructor^ 
of  some  of  the  first  artists  of  France;  __^ 
died  at  Paris,  February,  1864,  aged  80.     ~* 

DowLAND,  J.,  born  1562;  the  rarest   T 
musician  and  composer  of  liis  time ;  died  J 
1615;  was  lutanist  to  the  king  of  Den-  ) 
mark.  r 

Down,  down,  derby  down,  in  the  < 
original  is  ^'  Dun,  dun,  dearagan  dun,''  a 
and  means,  "  To  the  hill,  to  the  oaks,  to  ^ 
the  hill ; "  a  call  to  worship.  x. 

Draghi,  a.,  composer;  born  at  Fer- 
rara,  1642;  wrote  eighty-three  operas;- 
died  1707. 

Draghi,  G.  B.,  born  in  Italy;  a  fa- 
vorite court  musician  to  Charles  II.  and 
to  James ;  composer  of  operas ;  music- 
teacher  to  Queen  Anne. 

Dragonetti,  Domenico,  a  celebrated 
performer  on  the  double  bass ;  born  in 
Venice,  1771 ;  became  famous  in  his  own 
country;  went  to  London,  where  he  re- 
mained without  a  rival  during  life ;  died 
April  16,  1846. 

Dragonetti,  Pietro,  a  performer  on 
the  double  bass ;  excelled  in  accompany- 
ing bands ;  was  an  excellent  performer 
on  a  guitar  with  steel  strings. 

Drama  and  Music.  A  sacred  drama 
was  performed  at  Padua,  1243 ;  the  Pas- 
sion of  Christ,  at  Friale,  1298;  Myster- 
ies in  Germany,  1322;  in  England,  1378; 
in  France,  1379 ;  tlie  first  play  performed 
in  Boston,  1750,  but  a  law  was  passed 
forbidding  this  "device  of  Satan  to  se- 
cure immortal  souls;"  though,  in  1792, 


v/^w    t^     Alr%-C^ 


^,   ')w. 


>7^,'Ov>v>^,  Cu^^ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


38 


an  exhibition-room  was  opened,  in  which 
dancing  and  singing  were  permitted. 

Dkayton,  Henri,  born  in  Pliiladel- 
phia,  Peun.,  1822;  went  to  Paris  at  an 
early  age,  and  was  soon  engaged  as  6a.s'8o 
of  the  Italian  opera  at  Antwerp ;  be- 
came well  known  in  England,  where  he 
made  his  reputation ;  in  1859,  having 
written  some  plays  and  operas,  he  mar- 
ried, and  returned  to  this  country,  and 
gave  here  entertainments  known  as 
"parlor  operas;"  in  1869  he  was  with 
the  Richings  Opera  Company,  in  New 
York,  where  he  died  of  paralysis,  July 
30,  1872. 

Drayton,  Michael,  horn  at  Ather- 
ston,  England,  1568 ;  wrote  a  description 
of  England  in  thirty  songs ;  died,  1631. 

Dreyschock,  Raimond,  the  well- 
known  violinist;  born  in  Zack,  1818; 
died  in  Leipsic,  1869.  Alexander,  his 
brother,  a  musician  and  composer,  died 
1870. 

Drouet,  Louis,  born  in  Holland; 
flutist  in  London ;  chapel-master  to  the 
Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg,  1840  to  1855; 
author  of  "  Part  ant  pour  la  Syrie,^^ 
commonly  ascribed  to  Queen  Hortense ; 
died  at  I3erne,  Switzerland,  October, 
1873,  aged  81. 

Drum.  The  great  drum  built  for  the 
Peace  Jubilee,  1872,  was  twelve  feet  in 
diameter,  thirty-six  in  circumference, 
and  weighed  about  six  hundred  pounds ;' 
it  was  too  large  for  use,  but  a  curiosity, 
and  was  built  in  Farmington,  Me.,  by 
Woodman  &  Williams.  The  first  drums 
heard  in  France  were  used  at  the  en- 
trance of  Edward  III.  into  Calais.  First 
used  in  opera  by  Gluck ;  used  by  Spon- 
tini,  1808 ;  later  by  Rossini. 

DuBUisoN,  a  celebrated  French  com- 
poser in  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV. ;  died 
1712. 

DuiFFOPRUGEAR,  G.,  a  Tyrolcse ;  the 
earliest  violin-maker  at  Bologna,  1510. 

Dulcimer,  originally  a  pipe  of  reed; 
then  two  pipes  connected  by  a  leather 
sack  or  skin;  now  a  triangular  instru- 
ment, consisting  of  a  chest  with  fifty 
wires  over  a  bridge  fixed  at  each  end; 
the  strings  are  struck  with  iron  rods. 

DuLON,  F.  L.,  flutist  and  musician  to 
the  Emperor  of  Russia,  1796. 

DuNi,  E.,  born  at  Matera,  Naples;  fa- 
mous composer  at  Rome  and  in  Paris ; 
died  1775,  aged  66. 

DuNSTAN,  St.,  composed  music  in 
four  parts,  940,  though  singing  in  parts 
was  little  known  until  some  years  after ; 


said  to  have  invented  counterpoint; 
maker  of  the  ^olian  harp,  and  maker 
of  several  organs  for  English  churches. 

DuPREZ,  G.,  one  of  the  greatest  tenor 
singers;  born  at  Paris,  1805.  Caro- 
line, his  daughter,  born  at  Florence, 
1832,  is  a  celebrated  vocalist  in  Paris. 

Dupuis,  T.  S.,  celebrated  organist; 
born  in  England,  1733;  died  1796. 

DuRAND,  GuiLLAUME,  bom  at  Puy- 
misson,  1230;  was  made  a  doctor  of 
music  at  Paris ;  became  a  professor  at 
Bologna ;  wrote  the  first  book  published 
upon  m<^tallic  types,  Feb.  6,  1496. 

DuRANT,  W.  F.,  a  well-known  bass 
singer;  born  at  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  1820; 
died  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  March  8,  1860. 

Durante,  F.,  the  pupil  and  subse- 
quent rival  of  Scarlatti,  was  born  at 
Grumo,  1693 ;  died  at  Naples,  1755.  He 
was  not  distinguished  as  a  dramatic 
composer.  His  talent  was  exercised 
chiefly  in  church  and  chamber  music, 
and  he  was  more  skilful  as  a  contrapun- 
tist than  as  a  melodist. 

DussEK,  Adalbert,  a  distinguished 
performer  upon  the  viola  d^ amour,  at 
Prague ;  was  a  virtuoso  upon  that  instru- 
ment, 1745;  became  a  priest;  died  1768. 

Dussek,  F.  B.,  born  at  Czaslau, 
March  13,  1766;  became  organist  at 
Laibach,  Germany ;  has  composed  many- 
concertos,  sonatas,  and  solos. 

Dussek,  John  Louis,  teacher  and 
music-seller,  London;  was  born  at 
Czaslau,  Bohemia,  Feb.  9,  1761 ;  died  at 
St.  German-en-Laye,  near  Paris,  March 
20,  1812;  was  the  composer  of  much 
piano-forte,  harp,  violin,  and  other 
music. 

Dussek,  Wenzel,  born  in  Bohemia, 
1750 ;  became  celebrated  as  an  organist 
and  bass  singer;  died  in  Moravia  (where 
he  became  school  rector),  1801. 

DuvERNOY,  J.  B.,  pianist  and  com- 
poser, Paris,  France;  M.  C.  of  the  op- 
era comique ;  died  1872. 

D WIGHT,  John  S.,  a  graduate  at  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  1832;  a  translator  and 
publisher  of  German  poetry,  and  well- 
known  musical  writer  and  critic;  editor 
of  "  Dwiglit'.s  Journal  of  Music, ^'  and  of 
many  musical  publications ;  his  life  has 
been  devoted,  in  a  quiet  way,  to  fostering 
and  encouraging  the  highest  forms  of  art. 

DwiGHT,  Rev.  Josiah,  in  1725  pastor 
of  the  church  in  Woodstock,  Mass. ; 
wrote  "^n  Essaij^^  in  favor  of  regular 
singing,  published  in  Boston. 

Dyer,  Oliver,  a  composer  of  music, 


£,,Jlih^  <f^t^/^,2),,^.  }^  /A  /y^^Jyi^  <^^.  i'^^--^-  ^-  <'( 


34 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOlSr. 


and  publisher  of  some  musical  works; 
was  in   1852,  with   R.   S.   Willis,   con- 
nected with  the  ^^ Musical  Times,'^  New 
York. 
Dyek,  Samuel,  of  Baltimore,  Md., 


published,  1820,  a  valuable  collection  of 
"  Sacred  Music,''^  containing  244  pieces ; 
was  a  good  musician  and  composer; 
'■'■  BT/er^s  Anthems''''  were  celebrated  and 
much  used  in  the  United  States. 


E. 


E.  In  all  respects  exactly  the  same 
in  itself,  major  or  minor. 

Eagee,  John,  born  at  Norwich,  Eng- 
land, 1782;  famous  patron  of  Logier's 
system,  and  composer. 

Eames,  J.,  the  arranger  of  the  great 
"Westminster  Abbey  festival;  died  in 
London,  Dec.  10,  1851,  aged  68. 

Ear.  Sounds  must  succeed  each 
other  at  an  interval  of  a  second  and  one- 
ninth  in  order  to  be  distinguished  or 
heard  clearly. 

Earl  of  Westmoreland,  composer 
and  patron  of  music,  London  ;  died 
October,  1859. 

Earliest  mention  of  music,  Gen- 
esis iv.  21;  Earliest  organ,  that  of 
Jubal ;  Earliest  English  song,  1250, 
"Summer  is  a-comingin;"  Earliest 
Psalms  in  America,  "The  Bay  Psalm- 
Book."  Earliest  attempt  to  render  the 
Psalms  into  English  verse,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  singing,  1538;  musical  notes 
were  appended  to  these  psalms  in  1539. 

Early  Fathers  approved  themselves 
to  God  by  celebrating  his  praises  with 
psalms,  hymns,  and  other  solemnities. 

Eastcott,  Lucy,  of  Springfield, 
Mass.,  sung  at  Florence,  Naples,  and  in 
London,  1857. 

Eastern  Music,  though  to  us  a  com- 
bination of  discordant  sounds,  is  to  the 
less  refined  but  more  acute  ears  of  the 
natives  pleasing  and  melodious.  There 
are  many  proofs  that  music  came  from 
the  East ;  and  in  some  parts  of  Asia  they 
use  very  curious  instruments. 

Eaton,  E.  K.,  born  in  Candia,  N.H., 
Aug.  1,  1814;  musician  and  composer; 
author  of  several  works,  such  as  orches- 
tral and  other  instruction  books. 

Eben,  Henrietta,  born  in  Germany, 
3837;  famous  vocalist;  came  to  this 
country  with  Jullien ;  died  April,  1859. 

EccARD,  a  German  composer,  born 
at  Muhlhausen ;  chapel-master  at  Berlin, 
1608;  sometimes  credited  as  author  of 
Luther's  Judgment  Hymn ;  he  probably 
harmonized  it,  but  it  was  composed 
before  his  time. 


EccHEiA,  harmonious  vases,  used  by 
the  Greeks  and  Romans ;  tuned  fourths, 
fifths,  and  eighths. 

EccLES,  J.,  born  1669,  composer  of  the 
music  for  Congreve's  odes,&c. ;  died  1735. 

EccLEs,  Solomon,  an  English  violin- 
ist and  composer;  turned  Quaker,  and 
destroyed  his  instruments  and  music; 
died  1673. 

Ecclesiastical  Modes,  or  the  old 
Church  tones,  were  borrowed  from  the 
Greek  secular  music ;  the  twelve  church 
tones  are  something  like  our  diatonic 
scale. 

Echoes.  Repeated  echoes  happen 
when  two  obstacles  are  placed  opposite 
to  one  another ;  as  parallel  walls,  for  ex- 
ample, which  reflect  the  sound  succes- 
sively. 

Edward  IV.  incorporated  a  band  of 
minstrels :  his  musical  establishment 
was  the  origin  of  the  Chapel  Royal  and 
of  the  Queen's  band;  his  musicians 
were  educated  as  singers,  and  performers 
upon  instruments,  at  the  best  schools 
and  colleges. 

Edward  VI.  established  metrical 
psalmody  in  his  reign,  in  the  same 
manner  as  it  was  sung  in  the  parochial 
churches,  under  the  direction  of  Stern- 
hold  and  Hopkins ;  constantly  employed 
seventy-three  musicians  at  his  court, 
and  was  himself  a  performer  on  the 
lute ;  he  also  had  forty-one  gentlemen 
of  the  chapel,  and  had  music  before 
dinner  and  after  dinner. 

Edson,  author  of  "ienox,"  wrote 
many  excellent  church  tunes;  was  a 
teacher  and  composer  of  Massachusetts, 
and  assisted  in  compiling  some  of  the 
early  collections  of  music. 

Effect.  To  produce  a  good  effect 
should  be  the  study  of  every  composer 
and  performer;  to  do  this  requires 
genius,  science,  and  judgment. 

Effendi,  Hafis,  composed  a  patri- 
otic war- song  in  1853,  to  stimulate  the 
enthusiasm  of  the  Ottomans  against  the 
Russians ;  it  became  very  popular,  and 
has  become  a  national  hymn. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


35 


Egyptian  Flute,  simply  a  cow's 
horn  with  four  or  more  finger-holes. 

Egyptian  Harp,  mentioned  in  the 
boo.t  of  Genesis,  with  the  timbrel,  cis- 
triim,  tabor  or  tabret:  many  instru- 
ments were  known  in  Egypt. 

Egyptian  Music.  The  Egyptians 
first  brought  music  to  a  degree  of  per- 
fection; it  was  much  cultivated,  and 
many  instruments  of  music  were  in- 
vented in  that  country;  from  Egypt 
music  spread  far  and  wide  over  the 
earth. 

EiCHBEEG,  J.,  born  at  Dusseldorf, 
1826 ;  violinist  and  conductor ;  came  to 
New  York,  1857,  and  to  Boston,  1858 ; 
has  composed  five  operas,  all  produced 
hi  Boston. 

Eisteddfod  is  a  national  congress  of 
Cambrian  bards,  minstrels,  historians, 
and  artisans,  which  has  annually  as- 
sembled at  the  ancient  royal  castle  of 
Carnarvon,  the  birthplace  of  Edward 
II.,  the  first  Prince  of  Wales.  The  eis- 
teddfod was  revived  in  1819,  being  held 
in  the  month  of  August,  and  annually 
conducted  by  as  many  as  three  cele- 
brated bards.  In  1802  an  essay  on  the 
history  of  the  literature  of  Wales  from 
the  earliest  periods  to  that  time,  with 
critical  and  comparative  remarks  on  the 
poetry  of  the  different  periods,  and 
short  biographies  of  the  chief  bards,  was 
read,  and  a  prize  awarded  the  author. 
There  were  fifteen  thousand  persons 
present  on  the  occasion. 

Electric  Music  has  been  produced 
from  five  piano-fortes  by  the  use  of  the 
electric  battery,  in  Pesth ;  and  an  elec- 
tric organ  was  erected  in  London,  18G8, 
for  producing  echoes,  &c. 

Electric  Piano,  an  instrument  in- 
vented by  Thomas  Davenport  of  Salis- 
bury, Vt.,  1851;  its  strings  are  vibrated 
by  means  of  electro-magnetism. 

Elevation  of  Pitch.  It  is  notori- 
ous that  the  constantly  increasing  eleva- 
tion of  the  diapason  has  created  incon- 
veniences from  which  composers, 
artists  of  every  class,  and  manufactur- 
ers of  instruments,  suffer  alike;  the 
diapason  has  been  raised,  since  1780, 
at  least  one  entire  tone.  Opera  music 
was  originally  even  lower  in  pitch  than 
sacred  music ;  at  the  request  of  eminent 
French  composers  and  musicians,  in 
1859,  it  was  decreed  by  the  Government 
that  the  pitch  should,  in  tbat  country, 
be  lowered  and  made  uniform. 

Eleven  Bells,  a  chime  in  Cincin- 


nati, O.,  cast  by  Hanks,  1850;  weight 
inclusive,  18,000  pounds. 

Eliot,  Sir  Gilbert,  born  in  Scot- 
land, was  the  first  to  introduce  tho 
German  flute  in  his  country,  1725, 
having  learned  it  in  France;  died  1777. 

Eliot,  John,  born  at  Nasing  in 
Essex,  England,  1604;  came  to  New 
England,  1631,  and  assisted  in  translat- 
ing the  Psalms  into  English  metre; 
also  made  the  Psalms  into  Indian  verse, 
and  taught  the  Indians  to  sing;  the 
singing  was  congregational,  and  they 
all  sang  one  part ;  some  of  the  Indians 
under  Eliot  became  good  singers.  He 
resided  in  Roxbury,  Mass.,  57  years; 
died  1690,  aged  Sil 

Elizabeth,  QuEEN,was  a  singer,  and 
performer  on  the  lute ;  and  it  has  been 
supposed  that  she  was  also  a  performer 
on  the  violin ;  all  the  children  of  Henry 
VIII.  were  well  instructed  in  music. 
Elizabeth  and  James  I.  sustained  the 
cathedral  music  until  the  reign  of 
Puritanism. 

Ellerton,  John  Lodge,  born  in 
the  county  of  Chester,  England,  1807; 
became  known  in  1828  as  a  musician, 
and  received  at  Oxford  the  degree 
^^  Magister  Artiiim;''  produced  twelve 
operas,  an  oratorio,  six  masses,  and, 
besides  hymns,  anthems,  and  motets, 
about  three  hundred  songs ;  he  also 
composed  much  instrumental  music  of 
various  kinds  ;  his  orchestral  works 
were  often  performed  in  London. 

Elvey,  George  J.,  born  at  Canter- 
bui^y,  England,  1816;  took  his  degree  as 
doctor  of  music,  1831 ;  became  organist 
at  Windsor,  1835;  has  composed  a  great 
amount  of  church  music,  chants,  and 
anthems,  and  much  secular  music. 

Elouis,  J.,  a  composer  of  songs,  with 
accompaniments  for  the  harp  or  piano- 
forte, which  may  be  performed  with  the 
voice  or  without  it;  to  this  volume  was 
added  several  airs  with  variations  by 
the  same  author;  a  second  volume  is 
dated  1807. 

Emerson,  Luther  Orlando,  born 
at  Parsonsfield,  Me.,  Aug.  3,  1820  ; 
became  a  teacher  and  composer  when 
young,  and  published  a  collection  of 
church  music,  1853;  since  which  time 
he  has  been  constantly  employed  as 
conductor  of  conventions,  and  as  a  com- 
piler of  books,  and  as  a  composer;  has 
been  very  successful  as  a  composer  and 
teacher.  His  books  of  church  music  and 
for  schools  are  many,  and  he  has  pub- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL   INFORMATION. 


lished  both  vocal  and  instrumental 
music  largely. 

Emidea,  a  negro,  born  in  Guinea; 
sold  as  a  slave ;  went  with  his  master  to 
Lisbon,  learned  the  violin,  and  became 
a  member  of  the  orchestra;  afterwards 
impressed,  and  made  to  play  on  board 
ship  for  seven  years,  when  he  was 
released  at  Falmouth,  England,  and 
became  celebrated  as  a  composer. 

Emphasis  is  distinguished  from  ac- 
cent. Accent,  for  instance,  on  the  piano- 
forte, requires  pressure  as  the  note  is 
struck,  and  after:  emphasis  requires 
force  at  the  very  time  of  striking  the 
note. 

Engelke,  formerly  associated  with 
Jullien  in  Europe,  came  to  this  country 
1861,  and  gave  concerts  in  Philadelphia ; 
became  known  as  a  musician,  and  pro- 
duced there  the  best  orchestral  scores 
of  Jullien. 

English,  Benson  A.,  born  at  Macon, 
Ga.,  February,  1849;  at  the  age  of 
two  years  could  beat  any  tune  upon  the 
drum,  whistling  at  the  same  time  the 
air;  was  for  several  years  exhibited  as 
a  wonder. 

English  Music,  if  we  look  for  any 
of  a  distinctive  character,  is  to  be  found 
in  the  glees  and  madrigals,  which  are 
the  finest  the  world  possesses. 

English  Opera.  The  earliest  per- 
formance was  in  1636,  under  the  man- 
agement of  Davenant;  it  was  solely 
musical,  because  the  action  of  plays 
was  prohibited.  In  1793  an  English- 
man brought  the  English  opera  to 
America,  and  his  company  performed 
in  Philadelphia  and  in  Washington;  in 
1818  the  Phillips  company  came  over; 
in  1820  Davis  established  an  opera 
company  in  New  Orleans;  in  1821  Mrs. 
Holman  brought  a  company  to  New 
York;  in  1832  came  the  Woods,  and 
Dunn  and  Hudson  company;  the  Se- 
guins  came  in  1838;  then  the  Pyne  and 
Hari-ison  troupe,  Madame  Bishop,  and 
the  Richings  opera  troupe.  Since  then 
many  other  companies  liave  been 
formed,  and  it  is  now  certain  that  the 
American  people  can  produce  and 
sustain  opera. 

English  Organists  at  Westminster 
Abbey :  John  Howe,  1549 ;  John  Taylor, 
1562  ;"Robert  White,  1570;  Henry  Leeve, 
1575;  Edmund  Hooper,  1588;  John 
Parsons,  1621;  Orlando  Gibbons,  1623; 
Thomas  Day,  1625;  Richard  Portman, 
1633;  Christopher  Gibbons,  1660;   Al- 


bertus  Bryne,  1666;  John  Blow,  1669; 
Henry  Purcell,  1680;  John  Blow,  1695; 
William  Croft,  1708;  John  Robinson, 
1727;  Benjamin  Cooke,  1762;  Samuel 
Arnold,  1794  ;  Robert  Cooke,  1803  ; 
George  E.  Williams,  1815  ;  Thomas 
Greatorex,  1819;  James  Turle,  1831. 

Engraved  Plates,  for  printing, 
were  used  by  Feniguerra  of  Florence, 
1488 ;  the  use  of  them  for  music  print- 
ing is  mentioned  1503,  and  later. 

Enharmonic  Organ,  aii  instrument 
built  by  Effingham  Wilson  of  England, 
1856;  he  also  published  "  The  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Just  Intonation,''^  as 
illustrated  on  his  new  organ.     See  Eu- 

HARMONIC. 

Enharmonic  Scale,  a  name  bor- 
rowed from  the  Greek  authors,  so  called 
from  its  supposed  perfection  ;  it  has 
been  applied  to  an  organ  invented  by 
Joseph  Alley,  of  Newburyport,  Mass. ; 
this  scale  divides  the  intervals  of  an 
octave  into  fifty-three  parts. 

Enjalbert,  M.  Michael,  a  cele- 
brated organist  of  Paris ;  died  1872,  aged 
92 ;  he  was  organist  at  the  coronation  of 
Napoleon  I.,  at  Notre  Dame. 

EouD,  an  Arabian  guitar,  producing 
intervals  not  known  in  our  system  of 
sounds. 

Epigonium,  an  instrument  of  anti- 
quity, having  forty  strings. 

Eppstein,  Julius,  born  at  Agram, 
Austria,  1834;  went  to  Vienna,  1850; 
and  in  1858  l3ecame  celebrated  as  a 
pianist,  playing  at  Josef  Helmesberger's 
concerts ;  since,  a  professor  at  the  Vien- 
na Conservatory,  and  member  of  the 
Cathedral  Union  and  Mozarteum. 

Erard,  Jean  Baptiste,  brother  of 
Sebastian,  became  associated  in  the 
manufacturing  business  with  him,  and 
under  this  firm  their  establishment  be- 
came the  first  in  all  Europe ;  they  re- 
ceived a  patent  from  Louis  XVI.  He 
died  1826. 

Erard,  Sebastian,  founder  of  the 
piano-forte  and  harp  manufactories  at 
Paris  and  London,  which  still  bear  the 
name ;  was  born  at  Strasbourg.  April  5, 
1752;  had  wonderful  inventive  powers, 
and  made  many  new  instruments ;  was 
the  inventor  of  the  double-action  harp ; 
died  Aug.  5,  1831. 

Erard,  Pierre,  nephew  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  born  at  Paris,  1796;  went 
to  London,  when  quite  young,  to  direct 
the  manufacture  of  Sebastian  Erard' s 
harps ;  after  the  death  of  his  uncle  he 


/    - 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


37 


became  his  heir,  and  took  charge  of  the 
manufactory  in  Paris,  where,  in  1834, 
he  exhibited  several  new  models  of 
piaros;  has  since  lived  alternately  at 
London  and  Paris,  directing  the  two 
great  establishments  which  he  has  in- 
herited ;  died  Aug.  3,  1855. 

Ebben,  Petep.,  a  well  known  organ- 
ist and  organ-builder  of  New  York,  died 
May,  18G1,  aged  91.  He  played  for  many 
years  the  organ  at  Trinity  Church. 

Ekk,  Adam  Ludwig,  cathedral  organ- 
ist and  music-teacher  at  Wetzlar;  in 
1812  removed  to  Worms,  and  settled  at 
a  small  village  called  Dreieichenhain, 
near  Darmstadt;  was  a  superior  organist, 
and  gave  organ  concerts  with  success 
in  many  of  the  Catholic  cities  of  the 
Rhine ;  died  in  1820. 

Erk,  Ludwig,  born  at  Wetzlar,  Jan. 
6, 1807 ;  studied  with  Rinck,  and  in  1826 
was  appointed  music-teacher  in  a  semi- 
nary at  Meurs ;  whence,  in  1835,  he  was 
called  to  Berlin,  and  appointed  to  the 
same  office  in  the  Royal  Seminary.  In 
1836  he  had  charge  of  the  Dusseldorf 
festival,  w^liere  from  400  to  800  teachers 
would  assemble  for  instruction.  He  is 
celebrated  for  having  gathered  together 
a  large  number  of  German  popular 
songs,  which  he  arranged  and  pub- 
lished. 

Ernst,  Heineich  Wilhelm,  born 
1814,  and  at  an  early  age  exhibited  ex- 
traordinary talent;  studied  at  Vienna, 
made  a  professional  tour,  and  travelled 
without  fixing  his  quarters  anywhere. 
His  most  brilliant  career  began  in  1840. 
He  married  Mile.  Siona  Levy,  a  French 
lady,  and  became  known  as  one  of  the 
most  brilliant  violin  virtuosos  of  his 
time.  He  seemed  an  inspired  artist;  but 
his  health  failed  him,  his  violin  became 
dumb,  and  this  severed  the  nerve  of  his 
life.    He  died  at  Nice,  Oct.  8,  1865. 

Eenest  II.,  Augustus  Charles  John 
Leopold  Alexander  Edward,  Duke  of 
Saxe-Coburg  Gotlia,  Avas  born  June  21, 
1818,  ascended  the  throne  in  1844,  and 
gave  much  attention  to  music;  he  com- 
posed four  operas,  ^^  Zaire,''''  represented 
1840,  at  Berlin;  "  Tony,^^  represented  at 
Dresden;  ^^  Casilda,^^  played  in  all  the 
German  theatres  and  at  London;  and 
'■'■Santa  Chiara,^^  1855.  He  was  a  brother 
of  Prince  Albert,  the  husband  of  Queen 
Victoria;  and  married  the  Princess 
Alexandrina  Louisa  Amelia  Fredcrica, 
daughter  of  the  Grand  Duke  of  Baden. 

EssEB,  Heineich,  born  at  Mannheim, 


1818;  was  kapellmeister  at  the  Court 
Opera  Theatre,  Vienna,  1847,  where  ho 
was  president  of  the  Ilaydn  Verein, 
1869,  when  he  removed  to  Salzburg; 
was  a  thorough  musician  and  excellent 
director;  wrote  songs,  operas,  psalms, 
symphonies,  and  chamber-music:  died 
at  Salzburg,  June  3,  1871,  aged  53. 

Esquimaux  Music.  Their  tunes  are 
few  and  extremely  monotonous ;  they 
uncover  the  head  when  singing,  and 
close  the  eyes  as  in  prayer;  they  sing  in 
good  time,  have  accurate  ears,  good 
voices,  and  are  delighted  when  they 
hear  instruments. 

EssiPOFF,  Annette,  pianist,  a  native 
of  Russia;  took  the  prize,  1860,  at  the 
St.  Petersburg  conservatory,  for  exe- 
cution and  sight-reading;  has  appeared 
at  Vienna,  London,  and  other  places, 
1874,  and  plays  from  memory;  is  the 
second  wife  of  M.  Leschetizky,  also  a 
famed  pianist. 

Est,  or  Este,  Thomas,  known  for  his 
"Whole  Book  of  Psalms,"  publi-shed 
1594.  It  has  this  note :  "  Euery  Psalme 
or  dittie  in  this  booke  hath  his  tune  or 
note  in 4  parts;  composed  by  10  Sundry 
Authors,  whose  names  are  set  to  those 
tunes  which  they  have  made;  beeing 
men  of  perfect  knowledge  in  the  Science 
of  Musicke."  These  men  were  I.  Dou- 
land,  E.  Blaucks,  E.  Hooper,  I.  Farmer, 
R.  Alison,  G.  Kirby,  W.  Cobbold,  G. 
Farnaby,  M.  Cavendishe,  and  E.  John- 
son. The  tunes  are  printed  in  the  style 
of  the  time,  with  bars  at  the  end  of  each 
line,  arranged  for  cantus,  tenor,  altus, 
and  bassus ;  the  tenor  being  the  melody. 
His  son  Michael  was  the  author  of 
several  musical  worlds. 

Euclid,  flourished  277  B.C.;  his 
"Introduction  to  Hannonics^'  is  much 
prized. 

EuHARMONic  Organ,  invented  by 
Joseph  Alley  and  H.  W.  Poole,  at  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  1848;  for  which  is 
claimed  perfect  intonation:  it  gives  all 
the  tones  of  the  ancient  enharmonic 
scale,  dividing  the  octave  into  fifty-three 
parts;  it  is  tuned  according  to  the 
mathematical  ratio  of  vibrations,  and 
furnishes  the  precise  intervals  of  every 
key. 

JEuiNG,  William,  of  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, born  1788,  established  glee  and 
madrigal  singing  in  that  city;  owned  a 
musical  library  of  5,000  volumes,  of 
which  about  3,000  were  musical  works 
of  reference,  such  as  histories,  biogra- 


38 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOK. 


phies,  treatises,  dictionaries,  and  gram- 
mars ;  he  founded  a  lectureship  of  mu- 
sical science  at  Glasgo^y,  in  the  Ander- 
sonian  University ;  died  May,  1874,  aged 
86. 

EmLENSTEiN,  Kael,  an  eminent  per- 
former on  the  Jews-harp ;  born  at  Heil- 
bronn,  Wurtemberg,  1802 ;  at  the  age  of 
six  years  constructed  a  violin,  but,  being 
refused  the  liberty  of  performing  on  any 
instrument,  for  four  years  practised  the 
Jews-harp,   which    he    could    conceal; 


finally  tuned  a  series  of  harps  so  that 
he  could  play  in  any  key,  and  in  1825 
attracted  large  crowds  to  his  concerts 
in  London  and  elsewhere. 

Expression  pleases  the  ear,  enforces 
the  sentiments  of  the  language,  strikes 
the  imagination,  affects  the  mind,  and 
commands  the  passions. 

EYKE2T,  M.  Van,  composer  of  an  ora- 
torio called  "iitci/er,"  died  1861;,  at 
Elberfeld,  where  he  had  long  bee.:i  or- 
ganist, aged  45. 


F. 


F,  the  fourth  in  the  scale  of  C,  named 
by  Guido,  Fa. 

Fa,  la,  la,  anciently  much  used  as 
a  chorus  to  old  English  ballads,  is  writ- 
ten in  Welsh,  "/a/,  Za,"  fed  meaning  a 
circle  or  sum,  and  la  a  day,  and  both 
words  expressing  the  completion  of  a 
day;  chanted  at  sunset. 

Fabbri,  Agnes,  born  in  Vienna.  Her 
maiden  name  was  Agnes  Schmidt ;  came 
to  New  York  1860,  and  sang  in  opera 
and  at  concerts ;  died  in  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  June  19,  1873. 

Fabbri,  Kichard  Mulder,  profes- 
sor at  the  Conservatory  of  Music,  and 
member  of  the  Philharmonic  Society, 
Paris ;  removed  to  Geneva,  and  became, 
1873,  director  of  the  conservatory  there. 

Faber,  born  at  Freiburg;  invented 
the  speaking-machine  and  other  won- 
derful automatons. 

Fairfax,  Robert,  an  English  com- 
poser, 1500 ;  left  a  curious  and  valuable 
manuscript,  which  has  been  preserved, 
consisting  of  very  ancient  English  songs, 
not  to  be  found  elsewhere.  It  is  in  the 
British  Museum. 

Fairlamb,  J.  Remington,  author  of 
several  Te  Deums  and  much  other 
church  music ;  was  for  some  years  U.  S. 
consul  at  Zurich,  where  he  produced  an 
opera,  *'  The  Interrupted  3Iarriaf/e,^' 
first  conceived  in  Switzerland  ;  received 
a  gold  medal  from  the  king  of  Wurtem- 
burg. 

Falk,  Louis,  born  in  Germany ;  came 
to  Chicago,  111.,  1889,  and  has  fame  as 
an  organist  and  composer. 

Fal,  lero,  lero,  loo,  was  "  Fal, 
lear,  luadh  dh,'"  in  Welsh,  and  hailed 
the  rising  sun  above  the  sea. 

Falsetto,  or  Head-note.  The  Tyr- 
olese  produce  this  tone  in  perfection. 


The  violinist  divides  a  string  by  a  pecu- 
liar touch  to  produce  the  harmonic ;  the 
falsetto  singer  shortens  his  vocal  cords 
so  as  to  pass  instantly  from  one  to  his 
harmonic. 

Families  and  Troupes,  travelling 
and  giving  concerts  in  the  United  States. 
The  number  is  large ;  in  New  England 
alone  there  are  over  fifty ;  and  there  are 
over  thirty  companies  of  minstrels  in 
addition,  comprising  from  four  to  five 
hundred  white  men,  who  black  their 
faces  and  sing  every  evening  except 
Sunday.  It  is  estimated,  that,  with  the 
bands  and  orchestras  that  travel  with 
them,  there  are  now  over  two  thousand 
persons  employed  in  giving  concerts 
from  town  to  town ;  add  to  these  the 
travelling  instrumental  performers, 
street  musicians,  and  hand-organ  wan- 
derers, and  there  is  quite  au  army  of 
music-makers  on  the  road. 

Farinelli,  called  also  Carlo  Bros- 
ciii,  whose  voice  and  abilities  surpassed 
the  limits  of  all  anterior  vocal  excel- 
lence, was  born  at  Naples  Jan.  24, 
1705 ;  resided  twenty  years  at  the  court 
of  Spain ;  visited  several  countries,  and 
was  everywhere  greeted  with  favor ;  set- 
tled at  Bologna,  1701:  died  there,  July 
15,  1782,  aged  77. 

Farmer,  Henry,  known  as  a  com- 
poser by  his  mass  in  B-flat. 

Farrini,  1700,  mounted  the  harpsi- 
chord with  catgut  strings,  instead  of 
wire,  in  order  to  produce  a  more  mel- 
low and  sweet  quality  of  tone.  He  was 
a  manufacturer,  and  to  this  instrument 
gave  the  name  Clmictlierium. 

Faure,  considered  the  most  perfect 
singer  in  Europe,  1858,  remained  at  the 
oi33ra  in  Paris. 

Fa V ART,  born  1710 ;  a  prolific  writer 


^T^-*^ 


(.j\,j-^^f     wrvv/nh.     ;^—i^oi^c^  .  (,.     /uuy     J^jr  •/lr\,o 

A  Di:!TIO]S"ART  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


of  operas  and  ariettas ;  was  employed 
to  v/rite  and  sing  songs  in  the  French 
army;  died  1792.  His  best  works  were 
pnbiished  1S09. 

Fayles,  or  PiiYLAS,  born  in  Ger- 
many; became  leader,  composer,  and 
arranger  of  music  at  the  old  John- 
street  Theatre,  New  York ;  and  in  1789 
wrote  for  his  orchestra,  the  ^^Presi- 
dent's March.^'  This  tune  was  used 
by  Fox  in  1798,  and  afterwards  known 
as  "  Hall  Columbia.^ ^ 

Felsted,  Samuel,  organist  of  St. 
Andrew's,  Jamaica;  in  1775  composed 
^^Jonah,'^  an  oratorio,  disposed  for  a 
voice  and  harpsichord;  it  was  printed 
in  London,  and  performed  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  1789,  in  presence  of  George  Wash- 
ington. 

FeltpvE,  Count  Alphonse  de,  com- 
poser of  popular  music;  in  1850  pro- 
duced two  comic  operas,  both  of  them 
successful;  died  1854,  just  after  com- 
pleting his  third  opera. 

Feltre,  Duke  Edgaed  de,  a  com- 
poser and  a  patron  of  the  arts,  who  died 
a  few  months  after  his  brother  above 
named,  bequeathed  his  gallery  of  pic- 
tures to  the  town  of  Nantes ;  and  his 
own,  as  well  as  his  brother's  musical 
productions,  go  to  the  library  of  the 
Paris  Conservatory  of  Music. 

Fenton,  Lavinia,  born  in  London, 
1708;  made  her  debut,  1726;  the  "i'ej- 
gars''  Opera^^  established  her  reputation 
as  a  singer;  quit  the  stage,  and  married 
Charles,  the  third  Dul^e  of  Bolton,  1731, 
and  died  1740,  aged  32. 

Feiieaei,  an  Italian  composer  of 
operas ;  became  suddenly  famous  by  his 
"Pipe^^,"  a  comic  opera,  which,  in 
1858,  made  its  way  all  over  Italy. 

Feeraei,  Carolina,  in  1857,  at  the 
age  of  eighteen,  completed  the  words 
and  music  of  an  opera,  which  was,  in 
the  same  year,  produced  at  La  Scala. 

Feeeaei,  Caelo,  a  celebrated  violon- 
cellist and  composer  for  his  instrument; 
published  six  solos  for  the  violoncello  at 
Paris. 

Feeeaei,  Dominico,  brother  to  the 
preceding,  was  a  violin  pupil  of  Tartini, 
and  published  at  London  and  Paris 
some  violin  music,  which  was  much 
esteemed ;  died  on  a  passage  from  Paris 
to  London,  in  1780. 

Feeeaei,  Giacomo  Gotifeedo,  born 
in  the  Italian  Tyrol,  1759;  became  a 
singer,  player  upon  instruments,  and  a 
celebrated  composer ;  went  through  It- 


aly, France,  and  England,  writing  for 
the  church  and  theatre,  and  finally  set- 
tled at  Edinburgh  as  a  composer  and 
teacher. 

Feeeaei,  Madame  Yictoiee,  was 
born  in  1785.  From  the  age  of  seven 
years  she  studied  music,  and  acquired 
such  proficiency  on  the  piano,  that  at 
nine  years  old  she  was  introduced  to 
Haydn,  and  performed  before  him. 

Feeeoni,  Pieteo,  wrote  a  Valuable 
work  on  the  construction  and  use  of  the 
organ,  1807.  ^ 

Fesca,  Friedeich  Eenst,  concert 
master,  violin  virtuoso,  and  composer  in 
all  styles ;  born,  in  Magdeburg,  Feb.  15, 
1789;  wrote  much  for' the  theatre  and 
the  church;  visited  Ems,  1825,  for  his 
health,  and  died  there,  INlay  24,  182G. 

Festa,  Luigi,  a  celebrated  Italian 
violinist,  and  composer  for  his  instru- 
ment ;  resided  at  Naples  about  the  year 
1805. 

Fescennine  Veeses.  Nuptial  songs 
of  Rome,  afterwards  epithalamiuni. 

Festival.  There  was  a  musical  fes- 
tival at  Dresden,  July  9,  1615,  576  in- 
struments, 919  choristers ;  one  in  Eng- 
land, 1701 ;  one  in  Vienna,  Nov.  7, 
1887,  1,100  performers ;  one  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  1857,  690  singers,  78  instruments; 
since  which  the  Peace  Jubilee  has  been 
the  largest. 

Fetis,  FEANgois  Joseph,  a  learned 
musician  theorist,  critic,  and  journalist, 
also  known  as  a  composer;  born  at 
Mons,  in  Belgium,  March  25,  1784; 
wrote  many  very  valuable  musical 
works ;  continued  to  compose  music,  to 
write  books  and  treatises,  and  to  give 
lectures  upon  music,  during  his  life; 
died  at  Brussels,  March  26,  1871,  aged 
87. 

FiLOMENO,  JosEFiNA,  violinist ;  bom 
in  Valparaiso,  Chili,  S.A.,  September, 
1853 ;  gave  concerts  in  South  American 
cities  and  in  France  at  the  age  of  six 
years ;  came  to  the  United  States,  1800, 
and  has  given  concerts  in  all  the  princi- 
pal cities.  She  has  a  reputation,  also, 
as  pianist. 

FiEST  Italian  Opera  in  Paris,  1577; 
first  French,  1646;  first  specimens  of 
music  prhiting  from  wooden  blocks, 
14S7;  from  engraved  plates,  1488;  musi- 
cal types  were  made  1500;  first  music 
type  in  this  country,  1786;  first  organ 
used  in  Boston,  1713;  first  organ  built 
in  Boston,  1745 ;  first  singing  school  in 
Boston,  1720;  first  opera  company,  3825; 


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A  DICTIOXAKT  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


first  Italian  opera,  1832;  first  music 
store  ill  Boston,  1791. 

Fischer,  Joseph,  basso  at  the  Eoyal 
opera  from  1810  to  1818 ;  went  to  Italy ; 
became  manager  at  Palermo ;  returned 
to  Manheim,  where  he  had  made  his 
reputation,  1810,  and  sang  there  at  the 
age  of  60 ;  died,  Oct.  1862,  aged  82. 

FiscHEE,  Z.,born  at  Vv^urzburg,  1730; 
made  instruments  that  were  considered 
preferable  to  the  Italian  violins ;  died 
1812. 

FiscHOFF,  Joseph,  born  1804;  ap- 
pointed professor  in  the  Conservatorium 
at  Vienna,  and  became  famous  as  an 
instructor  and  collector  of  music;  left 
many  manuscripts  and  scores ;  had  the 
largest  musical  library  (private)  in 
Europe,  containing  more  than  6.000 
numbers ;  died  at  Vienna,  August,  1857, 
aged  53. 

Fish,  W.,  born  at  Norwich,  England, 
1775 ;  celebrated  as  a  composer  for  the 
theatre  and  as  a  practical  musician. 

Flagg,  Josiah,  celebrated  as  a  com- 
poser, performer,  and  concert  manager, 
in  Boston,  Mass. ;  published  a  collection 
of  music,  116  tunes,  1764;  was  the 
founder  and  leader  of  a  hand  of  music 
in  the  town,  Oct.  18,  1773,  and  gave  sev- 
eral concerts  in  Faneuil  Hall,  at  one  of 
which  there  were  over  fifty  performers. 

Flemish  Music  was  anciently  only 
a  tissue  of  chords,  destitute  of  ideas ; 
they  made  their  music  as  they  made 
their  pictures,  —  a  great  deal  of  labor,  a 
great  deal  of  patience,  and  nothing 
more;  yet  the  Netherlands  during  two 
centuries  produced  a  succession  of  great 
musicians,  whose  labors  and  discoveries 
contributed  much  to  the  art  from  1500 
to  1700. 

Flexomi:n^us,  invented  in  Philadel- 
phia, Penn.,  1873,  is  a  revival  of  the  digi- 
torium,  or  mute  piano-forte,  intended 
to  aid  the  fingers  in  becoming  flexible. 

Flotow,  FrviEDEicii  VON,  born  in 
Mecklenburg,  Germany,  1812;  went  to 
Paris  Avlien  young,  and  became  a  popu- 
lar composer  of  German  operas ;  ''  Ales- 
sandro  Stradella^^  first  gave  him  celeb- 
rity; followed  by  ^^  Martha,^'  which 
gave  him  a  position  and  a  lasting  repu- 
tation; it  was  introduced  in  this  coun- 
try by  Madame  Bishop,  and  the  over- 
tures to  these  two  Avorks  are  much 
played  in  this  country. 

FoPvKEL,  J.  N.,  born  1749;  his  works 
are  the  highest  authority  among  musi- 
cians ;  he  wrote  from  1774  to  1800. 


FoPvMES,  Theodore,  a  tenor  singer, 
celebrated  for  his  excellent  voice,  and 
for  ability  to  sing  English,  German, 
French,  and  Italian  words  with  fluency ; 
became  insane  at  Dusseldorf,  1873. 

FopMES,  Carl  Jean,  a  German 
vocalist;  born  at  Muhlheim,  on  the 
Rhine,  Aug.  7,  1818;  made  his  debut  at 
Cologne,  1842 ;  in  1844,  became  basso  at 
the  opera  in  Vienna ;  sang  in  London, 
1849,  in  opera  and  oratorio;  came  to 
this  country,  and  sang  in  New  York, 
Dec.  2,  1857. 

Forrest,  Amos,  of  Hallowell,  Me., 
invented  tlie  mechanism  which  enables 
the  organist  to  face  the  congregation 
with  the  key-board,  stops,  &c.,  before 
him,  1849.    r^K^A^^ 

Foster,  S.  C.,^born  July  4,  1826,  at 
Pittsburg,  Penn. ;  the  finder  of  many 
melodies  which  have  borne  his  name  all 
over  the  world ;  died  Jan.  18,  1864. 

Four  and  Taventy  Fiddlers  all 
IN  A  Row.  The  common  opinion  of 
this  band  was,  that  it  consisted  of  four 
and  twenty  treble  violin;^,  because  it 
was  thus  ridiculously  alluded  to  by  De 
Urfey,  in  one  of  his  songs ;  but  it  was 
composed  of  bass,  tenor,  contra-tenor, 
and  treble  instruments  ;  though  all 
were  included  under  the  general  denom- 
ination of  violins.  A  band  of  this  kind 
was  established  by  Louis  XVI.,  and 
was  at  the  time  the  most  famous  of 
any  in  Europe.  Charles  IL  also  had  a 
band  of  this  kind,  John  Bannister, 
leader. 

FouRNiER  THE  YouNGER,  bom  in 
Paris,  1712;  improved  the  art  of  print- 
ing music  with  movable  types,  wrote 
an  important  essay  on  the  art  of  music- 
printing  ;  died  at  JParis,  Oct.  8,  1768. 

Fowler,  J.  A.,  born  at  Lebanon, 
Conn.,  1822;  known  as  the  author  of 
much  vocal  and  instrumental  music. 

Fra  Diavolo  was  Michael  Pozzo,  a 
Neapolitan  robber,  and  leader  of  the 
band  who  favored  the  Bourbons  of 
Naples ;  in  his  last  battle  he  threw  open 
the  prisons,  and  was  joined  by  the  lazza- 
roni,  but  was  taken  prisoner,  and  was 
hanged.  Many  romantic  tales  are  told 
of  his  chivalry.  The  opei'a  is  identified 
with  the  history  of  early  -mysteries,  and 
is  exhilarating,  peculiar,  and  enlivening. 

Franck,  Johann  Wolfgang  was  not 
an  artist  by  profession,  but  a  jiractising 
physician  in  Hamburg.  Between  the 
years  1679  and  1086,  he  brought  four- 
teen operfts  upon  the  stage  in  the-  afore- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


41 


mentioned  city ;  is  said  then  to  have  re- 
paired to  Spain,  where,  at  tlie  court  of 
Charles  II.  as  favorite  of  the  king,  lie  lost 
his  life  through  the  intrigues  of  those 
envying  his  position. 

Franco,  a  monk  of  Cologne,  was  the 
first  who  composed  secular  airs,  called 
roundelays,  in  the  eleventh  century. 

Franklin,  Mrs.,  a  celebrated  orato- 
rio singer;  made  the  tour  of  the  United 
States  Avitli  Braham,  the  English  tenor; 
died  in  Washington,  1873,  aged  70. 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  born  in  Bos- 
ton, Jan.  17,  1708 ;  inventor  of  the  har- 
monica, and  a  musical  critic ;  died  1790. 

Franz,  Robert,  born  at  Halle,  June 
28,  1815;  known  mostly  by  his  songs; 
director  of  the  Sing-Akademie  and  the 
university. 

Frazer,  the  vocalist  who  came  to 
this  country  with  the  Seguins,  many 
years  ago,  died  in  Philadelphia,  June, 
1863. 

Frederick  the  Great  was  a  musi- 
cian and  composer ;  dedicated  four  hours 
a  day  to  music ;  composed  100  flute  solos, 
and  Quaiitz  composed  for  him  300  con- 
certos. 

French  Music.  The  French  are  the 
only  people  who  have  sustained  a  na- 
tional opera ;  Paris  has  been  for  the  last 
century  the  centre  of  the  operatic 
world.  There  are  great  names  among 
her  composers ;  though  most  of  them 
have  written  for  the  comic  opera,  yet  in 
grand  opera  they  have  excelled.  They 
were  distinguished  as  harpsichord  play- 
ers earlier  than  either  the  Italians  or 
Germans,  and  have  done  much  for  both 
vocal  and  instrumental  music.  In 
France  there  were  minstrel  kings  as 
early  as  the  thirteenth  century. 

Frery,  Desiree,  celebrated  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  as  a  violinist,  was  en- 
gaged at  the  conservatory,  Paris,  1852. 

Freyburg  Organ.  This  famous 
instrument,  at  Freyburg,  Switzerland, 
has  7,300  pipes,  some  of  them  35  foot; 
and  64  stops ;  said  to  be  very  powerful 
and  effective. 

Fribourg  Organ,  in  the  cathedral 
St.  Nicholas,  Switzerland,  was  built 
by  Mooser,  1834;  it  has  4  manuals,  2 
pedals,  68  registers,  and  4,165  pipes. 

Froberger,  J.  Jacob,  born  at  Halle, 
Saxony,  1631 ;  celebrated  in  Europe  as 
an  organist,  and  for  his  works  published 
from  1695  to  1714,  after  his  death. 

Frost,  Eben  H..  was  born  at  Grotoii, 
Mass.,  Dec.  7,  1825;  his  father  was  a 


music-teacher,  and  quite  noted  among 
musicians  of  his  day.  Eben  early  re- 
ceived musical  instruction,  and  for 
several  years  was  a  teacher,  choir-leader, 
and  director  in  Boston ;  married  Frances 
Hurd,  pianist  and  organist,  born  in 
East  I3oston,  October,  1826.  For  several 
years  before  his  death,  Mr.  Frost  was 
known  as  a  compiler  of  psalmody,  and 
as  a  conductor  of  musical  conventions. 
Died  at  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  Sept.  7,  1866. 

Fry,  William  Henry,  born  in 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  August,  1815;  be- 
came known  as  a  composer,  1854;  in 
1849,  went  to  Paris ;  on  his  return  settled 
in  New  York,  where  he  wrote  concert 
overtures,  violin  quartets,  the  opera 
'''Leonora'^  performed  in  Philadelphia, 
a  "  Stabat  Mater,''  and  other  composi- 
tions; in  1853,  he  delivered  a  course  of 
lectures  on  music,  employing  Italian 
vocalists,  a  chorus  of  100  voices,  an 
orchestra,  and  a  military  band,  to  illus- 
trate his  topics;  losing  much  money; 
died  at  Santa  Cruz,  Dec.  21,  1864. 

Fugue  Music  originated  in  England, 
and  was  introduced  in  this  country 
about  the  time  that  choirs  were  general- 
ly formed,  1770;  it  was  written  by  Claude 
Goudimel,  1565.  Billings  was  the  first 
to  introduce  fugue  psalmody  into  iVmer- 
ican  choirs.  He  said,  "There  is  more 
variety  in  one  piece  of  fuguing  music, 
than  in  twenty  pieces  of  plain  song." 

FuMAGALLi,  Adolphe,  bom  in  Italy, 
1829;  began  to  attract  attention  as  a 
pianist  at  Paris,  1853,  when  Berlioz 
spoke  of  him  as  "  excelling  upon  his 
instrument. "  He  possessed  fine  taste, 
had  the  power  of  rapid  execution,  and 
promised  to  become  one  of  the  marvels 
of  his  time.  He  settled  in  Paris,  but 
died  at  Florence,  May,  1856,  while  on  a 
musical  tour  in  his  native  country,  in 
the  midst  of  his  artistic  triumphs,  aged 
27  years. 

Funeral  Bells.  It  was  an  ancient 
custom  in  Brittany,  to  send  boys  round 
from  door  to  door,  with  small  bells,  to 
announce  when  a  death  had  occurred, 
and  to  give  notice  of  the  day  and  the 
hour  at  which  the  funeral  was  to  take 
place.  The  boys  were  attired  in  blade 
cloaks,  and  attended  the  funeral  proces- 
sion, tinkling  their  bells  as  they  passed 
along,  and  asking  the  prayers  of  Chris- 
tians for  the  soul  of  the  deceased. 

Funk,  Joseph,  author  of  several 
music-books,  and  composer  of  psalmody, 
well  known  in  the  South  and  West,  died 


42 


A  DICTIONAKY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION 


at  Singer's   Glen,  Va.,   Dec.   24,   1863, 
aged  86. 

FuRSTENAU,  Caspar,  flutist,  born  at 
Munster,  1772;  died  1819.  Anton  B., 
master  of  the  flute,  son  of  Caspar,  born 
1792.  MoRiTZ,  son  of  Anton,  born  at 
Dresden,  1824,  famous  as  a  flutist  in  all 
Europe. 


Fux,  J.  J. ,  a  celebrated  contrapuntist, 
born  at  Styria,  1660;  his  compositions 
were  numerous.  Charles  VI.  defrayed 
the  expense  of  some  of  his  works,  and 
had  him  carried  on  a  litter  from  Vienna 
to  Prague,  in  1723,  to  superintend  an 
opera ;  died  1750. 


G. 


G,  the  name  of  the  fifth  note  of  the 
scale  of  C.  The  lowest  tone  of  Guido's 
scale,  which  commenced  on  G. 

Gablee,  M.,  born  at  Spalt,  in  Fran- 
conia;  known  by  his  treatise  on  the 
tone  of  instruments ;  died  at  Wemb- 
dingen,  18G5. 

Gacrieli,  a.,  organist;  composed 
much  from  1572  to  1590.  Cathabina, 
born  at  Rome,  1730;  in  1775  considered 
the  best  female  singer  in  the  world. 
Feancesa,  of  Ferrara,  second  only  to 
Mara  in  1786. 

Gade,  IST.  W.,  composer;  born  in  Co- 
penhagen, Denmark,  Oct.  22,  1817;  his 
productions  have  greatly  occupied  atten- 
tion in  Germany  since  1840. 

Gaelic  Jacobite  Songs  have  come 
down  to  our  time ;  but  they  are  now  a 
sealed  book  to  their  countrymen ;  they 
are  uniformly  plaintive  and  melancholy. 

Gaeetxee,  Cael,  violinist ;  came  to 
Phi-ladelphia,  Penn.,  1858;  was  the  first 
to  introduce  parlor  concerts,  on  the  plan 
of  the  European  Court. 

Gafor,  or  Gafueius,  F.,  born  at 
Lodi,  1451;  author  of  several  books  on 
music,  which  were  standard  works  in 
all  Europe ;  died  1520. 

Gaillaed,  J.  E.,  born  at  Zell,  1687; 
famous  composer;  died  1749. 

Gaixsboeough,  TnoMAs,  born  at 
Sudbury,  1727;  known  in  England  as 
the  purchaser  of  every  instrument  that 
he  heard  well  played. 

Galen,  Pieeee,  of  Bordeaux, 
France ;  taught  music  by  the  Meloplast 
method,  using  a  board  with  ruled  lines, 
without  notes;  upon  the  lines  was  a 
clef;  pointing  to  a  line  or  space,  the 
pupils  took  tiie  sound,  as  if  an  actual 
note  was  seen  there. 

Galitzin,  Geoege  IST.,  an  eminent 
Russian  composer,  who  visited  New 
York  Math  his  orchestra,  to  perform 
Russian  music,  1871,  and  gave  a  series 


of  concerts  there;  died  at  St.  Peters- 
burg, Oct.  2,  1872. 

Gallenbeeg,  Hugo,  celebrated  as  a 
musician;  long  a  resident  of  Vienna; 
died,  January,  1867.  Beethoven  dedi- 
cated his  "■Moonlight  Sonata^'  to  his 
mother,  tlien  Giulietta  Guicciardi. 

Gallenbeeg,  father  of  the  above, 
was  a  composer  of  ballet  music,  and  for 
many  years  manager  of  the  San  Carlos 
Theatre,  Naples. 

Galleey  Seats,  known  in  this  coun- 
try as  singers'  seats,  1779. 

Galli,  F.,  a  famous  singer,  born  at 
Rome,  1807;  went  to  Paris,  1821,  and 
received  from  ten  to  thirty  thousand 
dollars  a  year,  yet  died  poor,  1853. 

Gamble,  John,  chapel-master  and 
composer  to  Charles  II.,  after  H.  Lawes ; 
author  of  several  musical  works,  1655  to 
1659. 

Gamut  Boaed,  an  invention  of  H.  T. 
Merrill,  of  Galena,  111.,  to  facilitate  the 
learning  to  read  piano-forte  music,  1839. 

Gaebett,  Richaed,  of  Boston,  Mass., 
1839,  published  Thomson's  hymn  of 
"  The  Seasons,^'  to  which  he  composed 
the  music  and  orchestral  parts ;  it  was 
performed  by  the  Boston  Musical  Insti- 
tute. 

Garcia,  J.  R.,  a  well-known  musi- 
cian ;  born  at  Dunkirk,  France,  but  re- 
sided in  England ;  came  to  Boston,  1830, 
where  he  held  a  leading  position  as  a 
musician  for  many  years.  He  was  a 
man  of  rare  attainments  and  pleasing 
traits  of  character;  died  at  the  High- 
lands, Tuesday,  April  9,  1872,  leaving 
one  son  and  five  daughters,  all  well- 
known  singers  or  musicians.  Amelia, 
a  native  of  the  West  Indies ;  born  1848 ; 
became  known  as  a  singer  in  New  York; 
died  at  New  Orleans,  1871. 

Garcia,  Manuel,  celebrated  tenor 
singer  and  teachei-;  born  at  Seville, 
Spain,  Jan.  21,  1775 ;  came  to  America, 


Xj-jd  ,   UO  (iryi.     ^  ^i 


'/V 


J 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


43 


1824,  with  an  opera  troupe;  died  at 
Paris,  Jufae  2,  1832.  Manuel,  jiin., 
born  in  MaVlrid,  1805 ;  a  professor  at  the 
conservatory,  Paris.  Pauline  V.,  born 
in  Paris,  Jtily  18,  1821 ;  accompanied 
her  sister,  Madame  Malibran,  to  tlii» 
country ;  a  f a^nous  singer ;  died  at  Tu- 
rin, May,  187 

GaPvDinee,  \  William,  of  Leicester, 
England,  borntlTG^^  well  known  as  the 
author  of  "  Gardlner\s  Music  of  Na- 
i^}>^  iurc,'\^' Music  and  Friends,''^  ^'Sights 
in  Tcahj,^^  and  other  musical  works; 
died,  Nov.  16,  1853,  aged  eighty-seven. 

Gaspeeini,  an  esteemed  musical 
critic,  scholar,  poet,  and  musician ;  died 
at  Paris,  May,  1868.  His  writings  were 
perused  with  eagerness  by  amateurs  of 
music. 

Gassiee,  Pepita,  a  gifted  artist,  who 
sang  in  opera,  1858,  at  New  York ;  first 
made  her  appearance  in  London  as  El- 
vira, in  "£rn«?ii,''  1845;  was  a  singer 
and  actress ;  died  in  Madrid,  November, 
1866. 

Gassiee,  Signoe,  known  as  a  superb 
barytone  in  opera ;  died,  1872. 

Gastoni,  Abbe,  invented,  at  Milan, 
1786,  what  he  called  the  ''Giaiifs 
Ilarp,''^  consisting  of  seven  strong  iron 
wires,  stretched  from  the  top  of  a  tower 
sixty  feet  high,  to  another  building, 
tuned  to  the  notes  of  the  gamiit ;  its 
music,  in  a  storm,  was  heard  several 
miles. 

Gathy,  August,  author  of  a  valua- 
ble "■Musical  Lexicon,''''  a  well-known 
German  musical  critic  in  Paris,  who 
wrote  much  for  the  French  and  German 
papers;  died  in  Paris,  April,  1858. 

Gaztambide,  an  eminent  composer 
of  comic  operas;  born  at  Navarre,  1822; 
was  a  performer  on  the  double  bass  at 
the  theatre  when  twelve  years  old ;  be- 
came leader  of  the  orchestra,  and  then 
manager ;  wrote  much,  and  some  of  his 
operas  reached  their  hundredth  per- 
formance ;  died  at  Madrid,  1868,  aged 
forty-six. 

Gazzaniga,  Marietta,  was  born  at 
Yoghera,  in  Lombardy,  Juiie  8,  1826; 
made  her  debut  at  La  Scala,  Milan ;  in 

1844  sang  at  Florence  and  Leghorn  ;  in 

1845  and"l846,  at  all  the  Italian  theatres ; 
in  1857,  came  to  this  country,  appearing 
at  Philadelphia,  Boston,  and  New  York; 
went  to  Havana,  and  sang  there  to 
crowded  houses. 

Gazzaniga,  born  at  Cremona,  1743; 
a  voluminous  composer;  wrote  a  ^^  Don 


Juan, "  performed  in  London,  when 
D'Aponte  Avas  poet  there;  died  1817. 

Gebiiard,  F.  a.,  violinist;  born  at 
Moscow,  1779 ;  performed  there  more 
than  tbirty  years ;  died  1859. 

Geer,  Joseph,  born  in  Gosport,  Eng., 
Aug.  30,  1768;  went  early  to  reside  in 
London ;  came  to  New  York,  1820,  and 
was  of  the  orchestra  at  Park  Theatre ; 
removed  to  Boston,  1824;  was  celebrated 
as  a  performer  on  the  doulilo  bass ;  his 
solo,  "  The  Harmonious  BlacksmtUi,^^ 
was  performed  often  by  request;  he 
played  at  the  different  theatres,  and  at 
orchestral  concerts  for  more  than  twen- 
ty years,  and  was  well  known  as  "  Old 
Geer  "  by  all  theatre-goers ;  was  crushed 
by  a  loaded  team  while  crossing  Milk 
street,  Sept.  10,  1853,  and  died  the  same 
evening,  aged  eighty-five. 

Gelinek,  G.,  a  performer  on  the 
double  bass  at  the  Grand  Opera  at  Paris, 
and  composer  of  a  collection  of  waltzes, 
&c.,  for  the  harp,  published  about  the 
year  1798. 

Gelinek,  Hermann  Anton,  called 
Cervetti,  was  born  in  Bohemia  in 
1709;  was  a  celebrated  violinist,  and 
spent  much  of  his  life  in  France  and 
Italy;  died  at  Milan  in  1779. 

Gelinek,  Abbe  Joseph,  a  good 
pianist,  and  admired  composer  for  his 
instrument,  was  born  in  Bohemia  in 
1760 ;  published  much  piano-forte  music, 
especially  airs  with  variations. 

Gellert,  M.,  a  celebrated  poet  and 
musician;  wrote  some  for  Mozart ;  born 
at  Hainichen,  Saxony,  1715;  died  at 
Leipsic,  1769. 

Geminiani,  Francesco,  violinist; 
born  at  Lucca,  1666 ;  went  to  London, 
published  a  number  of  valuable  works 
upon  music,  some  operas,  canzonets, 
and  concertos  ;  died  in  Dublin,  Sept.  17, 
1762,  aged  ninety-six. 

Geneeali,  a  famous  composer  of 
comic  operas;  born  at  Rome,  Oct.  4, 
1783 ;  died  at  Navarre,  1832. 

Gensen  Horn,  made  from  the  horn 
of  a  chamois,  or  wild  goat ;  its  tone  was 
like  the  hautboy. 

Gentleman  and  Ladies'  Musical 
Companion.  Daniel  Bayley,  Newbury- 
port,  Mais. ;  "collected,  corrected,  and 
made  plain"  by  John  Stickney,  1774. 

Gentleman's  Harp.  The  king,  the 
king's  musicians,  and  all  gentlemen 
owned  and  played  the  harp  in  Wales;  a 
gentleman's  harp  could  not  be  seized  for 
debt,  because  the  want  of  it  would  have 


44 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION 


reduced  him  from  bis  ranli  to  that  of  a 
slave. 

George  II.  set  the  example,  never 
since  departed  from  by  English  au- 
diences, of  standing  up  during  the  per- 
formance of  the  '^Hallelujah  Chorus.''^ 
He  was  a  man  of  deep  musical  sympa- 
thies. 

j     George  III.,  of  England,  was  a  lover 

!  and  patron  of  music,  member  of  a  quin- 

tet  club,  and  performer  upon  the  violon- 

1  cello;    composed  some  fine  songs,  and 

jwas  a  supporter  of  the  concert  of  an- 

yCient  music,  of  oratorio,  and  a  performer 

iOn  the  harpsichord. 

j     George  IV.,  of  England,  sustained 

'the  best  private  band  of  music  in  Eu- 

'rope,  consisting  of  forty-two  members, 

all  first-rate  artists.     It  was  directed  by 

Christian  Kramer,  a  composer  of  great 

ability. 

George  V.,  king  of  Hanover,  born  in 
Berlin,  May  27,  1S19,  was  a  composer 
and  writer  on  music.  Many  of  his  com- 
positions were  for  piano-forte  and  for  the 
voice. 

Gerbert,  Martin,  author  of  a  his- 
tory of  church  music  and  other  works ; 
born  in  Austria,  1720 ;  died  1793. 

Germast  CniME  Bells,  an  instru- 
ment resembling  the  lyre  in  form,  hav- 
ing, in  the  place  of  strings,  steel  bars 
tuned  to  various  tones,  which  are  struck 
with  a  hammer. 

German-Flemish  Festival,  insti- 
tuted in  London,  1846. 

German  Music.  The  Germans,  un- 
til recently,  have  been  more  of  a  specu- 
lative than  a  practical  people ;  and  in 
their  effcrts  to  thoroughly  grasp  the 
principles  that  underlie  the"  dramatic 
art,  and  embody  them  in  their  works, 
they  have  generally  failed  to  realize 
their  aims.  It  cannot  be  said  that  Ger- 
man composers,  as  a  class,  have  shown 
as  much  productivity  in  the  opera  as  in 
other  branches  of  music,  notwitbstand- 
ing  that  the  greatest  representatives  of 
the  musical  drama  have  been  Germans. 
It  may  be  truly  afiirmed  that  the  one 
opera  of  Beethoven  is  worth  more  to  the 
life  of  music  than  a  score  of  operas  by 
Donizetti  or  Auber ;  and  that  the  serious, 
thougbtful  efforts  of  Gluck  have  been 
more  fruitful  of  good  results  to  the  art 
than  the  prolific  routine  of  Italian  ope- 
ratic composers.  Yet  it  remains  a  cu- 
rious fact,  that  no  German  master  has 
founded  a  dramatic  school  in  his  own 
country  that  might  be  compared  with 


the  Neapolitan  school,  or  the  French 
comic  opera.  Both  Gluck  and  Mozart 
had  more  numerous  followers  among 
the  French  and  Italians  than  at  home. 
Mozart  was  undoubtedly  influenced  by 
Gluck,  and  Beethoven  by  Mozart :  yet 
neither  followed  in  the  others  footsteps 
so  closely  as  to  be  identified  as  depend- 
ent. Beethoven's  "Fidelio"  marks  a 
return  of  the  opera  in  Germany  from  its 
universal  height,  accomplished  by  Mo- 
zart, to  a  national  German  character. 
Those  who  came  directly  after  Beetho- 
ven in  time  did  not  follow  this  truly 
national  and  modern  direction,  but 
chose,  instead,  a  more  narrow  and  in- 
significant course,  which  led  to  the  so- 
called  "romantic  opera." 

Germania  Musical  Society  came 
to  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1848,  with  Carl 
Bergmann  as  conductor,  and  William 
Schultze  as  leader.  This  band  was  con- 
sidered the  best  that  had  yet  visited 
that  city ;  and  they  stimulated  and  fixed 
that  love  of  music  in  its  highest  form 
v.hich  had  just  been  implanted  in  the 
hearts  of  the  people. 

Gernsheim,  Frederic,  born  in  Par- 
is, at  the  age  of  ten  years  was  known 
as  a  remarkable  pianist;  but  chiefly  cel- 
ebrated for  his  skill  at  improvisation, 
playing  full  harmony. 

Gernsheim,  Fritz,  a  rising  Prussian 
composer;  has  already  acquired  reputa- 
tion as  a  writer  for  orchestra. 

Gervinus,  one  of  the  brightest  liter- 
ary ornaments  of  Germany,  and  a  fine 
musician  ;  wrote  many  valuable  musical 
works  ;  died  November,  1871. 

Gervold,  a  singer  and  teacher;  in 
787  established  a  music  school  in  the 
monastery  of  St.  Waudrille,  after  the 
manner  of  St.  Gregory. 

Gestewitz,  F.  C.,  composer  and  di- 
rector ;  born  in  Germany,  1753 ;  died  at 
Dresden,  1805. 

Gestours.  Itinerant  minstrels,  who 
interlarded  their  songs  with  jokes  and 
funny  sayings. 

Gesualdo,  C,  an  extremely  learned, 
ingenious,  and  popular  composer  of 
Venosa,  kingdom  of  Naples,  1595  to 
1625. 

Gevaert,  Vitus,  of  Paris,  France, 
invented,  1872,  an  appliance,  by  the  aid 
of  which  an  organist  touching  but  one 
key  will  produce  a  full  chord ;  it  is  called 
the  "Harmonista."' 

Gevaert,  M.,  a  young  Belgian  artist, 
self-taught  in  music  and  harmony,  com- 


A  DICTIOKAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


45 


menced  writing  in  tlie  sand  upon  the 
ground,  thus  forming  a  musical  lan- 
guage which  he  could  understand;  fi- 
nally studied  books,  became  a  composer 
in  1852,  and  in  1844  one  of  his  operas 
was  performed  in  Paris;  has  written 
other  successful  works;  has  since  be- 
come director  of  the  Brussels  Conserva- 
tory. 

Gewandhaus  Concerts,  established 
in  Leipsic,  1743 ;  has  maintained  one  of 
the  best  orchestras  in  the  world. 

Gheuses,  the  name  of  the  party 
which,  in  1566,  demolished  the  organs 
and  destroyed  the  music-books  at  Ant- 
werp and  elsewhere. 

GiAPvDiNi,  Felice,  violinist  and  com- 
poser, born  at  Turin,  1716;  went  to 
Rome,  Naples,  and  England,  where  he 
was  orchestral  leader ;  composed  for  the 
theatres,  and  taught  music;  died  at 
Moscow,  Dec.  17,  1796,  aged  80. 

GiBBOXS,  Orlando,  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  EngUsh  musicians ;  born  at 
Cambridge,  1583,  died  1628.  Edward, 
organist  and  composer,  Bristol,  1592, 
and  Royal  Chapel,  1604.  Ellis,  com- 
poser, London,  1600.  William,  Nov. 
19,  1567,  was  one  of  the  "wc<?/^e.s'"  of 
Cambridge,  with  the  fee  of  forty  shil- 
lings ;  was  the  father  of  Orlando. 
Christopher,  organist  and  chorister 
to  Charles  11. ,  died  1676. 

Gibson,  C.  C,  violinist,  borninllen- 
niker,  N,  H. ;  composer  of  songs  and 
orchestral  music. 

Gilbert,  Davies,  author  of  "  An- 
cient Christmas  Carols,^''  with  the  tunes, 
1522 ;  famous  in  England. 

Giles,  Nathaniel,  born  near  Wor- 
cester, England ;  organist  to  Charles  I. ; 
died  1633. 

Gilles,  Jean,  vocalist  and  composer ; 
born  at  Tarascon,  in  Provence,  1669; 
died  1730. 

Gilliers,  Jean  Claude,  born  in 
Paris,  1667;  violinist  and  composer; 
was  the  creator  of  that  national  French 
form  of  the  musical  drama,  the  comic 
opera  ;  died  in  Paris,  1737,  aged  70. 

Gillot,  J.,  a  collector  of  ancient 
violins ;  born  in  Sheffield,  England,  Oct. 
11,  1790;  died  at  Birmingham,  1873. 

Oilman,  John  W.,  Exeter,  N.  H. ; 
was  one  of  the  pioneer  engravers  of 
music,  1764,  when  the  diamond-shaped 
notes  were  used. 

GiLMORE,  Joseph,  a  colored  man, 
born  in  Lancaster,  Penn, ;  once  a  ser- 
vant   of    General  Washington,   and  a 


ZY./<^f.  A^^^  /W^-7  4 


pensioner ;  became  celebrated  as  a  mu- 
sician; died  September,  1858. 

Gilmore,  Patrick  S.,  bom  near 
Dublin,  Ireland,  1829;  came  to  Canada 
with  an  English  band ;  found  his  way 
to  Salem,  Mass.,  and  became  leader  of 
a  brass  band  there ;  went  to  Boston  at 
the  age  of  twenty  years,  and  became 
known  as  a  leader  of  bands  in  that  city, 
and  in  1859  organized  Gilmore's  Band, 
went  to  New  Orleans,  and  in  1864  organ- 
ized a  grand  festival  there,  using  voices, 
instruments,  and  caimon;  was  tlie  great 
mover  in  the  Peace  Jubilees  of  Boston, 
1869  and  1872,  after  which  he  settled 
in  New  York  ;  his  compositions  are 
numerous  and  popular. 

GiLSON,  C,  born  at  Durham;  com 
poser  at  Edinburgh,  1756  to  1759. 

Giovio,  Gi AM., wrote  a  work  concern- 
ing organs,  1803. 

GiRAC,  E.,  came  to  this  country  from 
the  Paris  Conservatoire,  and  was  a 
teacher  in  a  Western  college;  in  1853, 
editor  of  the  New  York  Musical  World; 
author  of  an  ^'Appendix  and  Notes  "  to 
the  American  edition  of  Marx's  Musical 
Composition ;  a  choir-master,  musician, 
critic,  and  composer;  died  in  Paris, 
Dec.  25,  1869 ;  was  one  of  the  faculty  of 
Notre  Dame. 

Girad,  H.,  composer  to  the  king  of 
Saxony;  born  1846;  came  to  this  coun- 
try with  his  band,  fifty-six  men,  all 
using  metal  instruments,  1872. 

GiRARD,  M.  Narcisse,  the  successor 
of  Habeneck  at  the  Grand  Opera, 
Paris,  and  director  at  the  Societe  de 
Concerts;  died  at  his  post  while  con- 
ducting- the  "  Iluguenots,^^  Feb.  2, 
1860. 

Gitteth,  an  instrument  of  the  harp 
kind. 

GiUGLiNi,  Antonio,  a  celebrated 
Italian  tenor  singer  at  the  Scala,  in 
Milan ;  became  chamber-singer  at  Vien- 
na, 1860. 

Glaeser,  Franz,  born  1792;  chapel- 
master  at  Vienna;  in  1831  conducted 
music  in  Berlin,  and  in  1849  was  con- 
ductor at  Copenhagen;  composed  "  The 
Ea^ile' s  Eyry  "  ( "  Des  Adler' s  Ilorst " ) . 

Glagol,  a  wind  instrument  for  mili- 
tary bands,  invented  by  H.  Rott,  of 
Prague,  1861. 

Glasses.  Musical  glasses  are  of  dif- 
ferent forms,  tuned  by  filling  more  or 
less  with  water. 

Glatz,  Franz,  became  known  as  a 
German  tenor-singer  1874,  and  was  se- 


46 


A  DIOTIO^AHY  OF  MUSICAL  IKFORMATIOH. 


lected  by  Wagner  as  a  solo-singer  at  Bay- 
reuth. 

Glee.  The  glee  was  introduced  into 
England  after  the  catch,  and  was  de- 
rived from  the  ancient  madrigal ;  it  was 
perfected  by  Webbe. 

Gleemen,  a  name  apphed  to  persons 
before  tlie  Norman  conquest,  af terwp.rds 
known  as  minstrels;  tliey  were  not  only 
singers,  but  jugglers  and  merry-makers. 

Glinka,  Michael  von,  born  near 
Smolensk,  1804;  in  1830  went  to  Italy, 
nnd  in  Milan  published  some  canzonets 
for  piano  and  stringed  instruments,  and 
a  variety  of  instrumental  music  ;  in 
1835  returned  to  St.  Petersburg,  and 
composed  there  several  operas  which 
made  him  famous ;  lie  then  travelled  in 
Spain  until  1852,  when  the  emperor  of 
Russia  bestowed  on  him  the  manage- 
ment of  the  opera  and  the  chapel,  and 
h<j  composed  sacred  music  ;  died  in 
Berlin,  Feb.  15,  1857,  aged  53. 

Glockenspiel,  a  box  in  which  little 
bells  are  hung;  invented  in  Germany, 
and  used  by  Mozart  in  the  *' Magic 
Flute.'' 

Gloria  in  Excelsis.  This  was 
called  "The  Morning  Hymn"  by  the 
early  Chrijtians,  and  may  be  found  in 
the  original  Alexandrine  manuscript  in 
the  British  Museum ;  it  dates  back  to 
the  middle  of  the  fifth  century.  There 
is  a  copy  in  the  city  library  of  Zurich, 
written  on  purple-stained  vellum,  in 
uncial  letters  of  silver,  with  the  chief 
words  and  arabesques  in  gold,  and  prob- 
ably belongs  to  the  seventh  century. 
Both  these  copies  agree,  word  for  word, 
and  letter  for  letter,  except  that  the  last 
mentioned  is  defaced  and  illegible  in 
spots,  and  the  writing  and  vellum  both 
stop  at  the  middle  of  its  line  17,  or  line 
37  of  the  Alexandrine  copy  —  the  rest 
of  the  MS.  being  gone. 

Glover,  Catheri^te  M.,  widely 
known  among  musicians ;  wife  of  ().  W., 
the  musical  composer;  died  in  London, 
Nov.  5,  1872. 

Glover,  Charles  W.,  born  in  Ire- 
land ;  a  well-known  composer  of  songs 
and  duets;  died  in  London,  1863. 

Glover,  Howard,  composer  of  Eng- 
lish operas  and  songs,  18(35;  was  musi- 
cal critic  for  the  London  Morning  Post ; 
wrote  many  musical  essays  of  value; 
came  to  this  country  1873;  in  1874 
brough  out  his  "Taw,  O'Shanter^'  at 
Boston,  Mass. 

Glover,  Miss,  taught  music  to  mul- 


titudes in  England,  simply  by  represent- 
ing seven  letters  upon  a  horizontal  line, 
which  letters  stood  for  representations 
of  sound  ;  when  semitones  occurred 
they  were  marked  recZ,  and  the  octaves 
were  also  marked. 

Glover,  Stephen,  born  in  Ireland, 
Dec.  7, 1814 ;  celebrated  as  a  song-writer ; 
early  went  to  reside  in  London ;  much 
of  his  music  has  been  republished  in 
this  country. 

Gluck,  Christopher,  born  at  Wei- 
denwangen,  July  2, 1714;  was  by  nature 
gifted  with  great  musical  talents;  be- 
came a  skilful  performer  on  instru- 
ments, and  early  celebrated  as  a  com- 
poser ;  was  the  regenerator  of  the  modern 
musical  opera ;  an  opera  of  his,  written 
when  he  was  seventy  years  old,  was  the 
crowning  triumph  of  his  system  of 
writing ;  after  a  long  life  of  usefulness, 
he  died  Nov.  25,  1787. 

Gnugab,  a  name  formerly  applied  to 
the  organ. 

GoBATi,  a  composer  of  operas,  born 
1850,  was  unable  to  procure  the  means 
of  bringing  out  his  first  opera;  his 
father,  however,  believing  the  work  had 
merit,  sold  his  farm  to  enable  the  son 
to  produce  "/C?o/i"  at  Bologna,  1873; 
and  thus  made  the  fortune  of  his  son 
and  himself. 

God  Save  the  King,  the  English 
national  anthem,  is  of  French  origin, 
and  had  been  used  for  centuries  as  a 
vintage  hymn  in  the  South  of  France ; 
it  has  been  traced  back  to  1682  in  Scot- 
land, and  to  1676  in  England. 

GoDDARD,  Arabella,  daughter  of 
Thomas  Goddard,  of  London,  England, 
was  born  at  St.  Sevan,  near  Brittany, 
Jan.  12,  1836;  appeared  as  pianist  at  the 
age  of  eight  years,  and  in  1854  made  a 
concert  tour  through  England  and  Ger- 
many; she  married  W.  J,  Davison,  mu- 
sical critic  of  the  '^London  Times,''  and 
since  1856  has  been  called  ^^  Queen  of 
the  Piano-forte ;  "  she  came  to  this  coun- 
try, and  played  at  the  Peace  Jubilee, 
Boston,  1872;  returning  to  London,  she 
retired  from  the  stage,  1873,  with  the 
intention  of  travelling  round  the  world, 

Godfbey,  Daniel,  jun.,  son  of  the 
celebrated  band-master,  has  composed 
'•  Queen  Mab  "  for  the  Haymarket  Thea- 
tre, London,  produced  there  1874. 

Godfrey, DANiEL,enjoys  a  high  repu- 
tation as  a  composer  and  band-master 
in  England;  came  to  this  country,  1872, 
as    leader    of    the    English    Grenadier 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


47 


Guards'  band,  and  attended  the  Boston 
Peace  Jubilee.  There  are  three  bands 
attached  to  the  Household  Brigade  in 
London,  under  the  lead  of  three  broth- 
ers, —  the  Coldstream,  the  Scots  Fusi- 
\eei',  and  the  Grenadier  Guards  ;  the 
latter  has  fifty-eiglit  members,  and  is  of 
ancient  origin. 

GoLDBECK,  Robert,  born  at  Pots- 
dam, Prussia,  1831;  after  becoming 
known  as  a  pianist  went  to  Paris,  Hun- 
gary, and  England,  giving  concerts  with 
^  success  ;  came  to  this  country  as  a 
teacher;  was  for  some  time  employed 
by  Dr.  Tourjee  at  his  conservatory ;  be- 
came known  as  a  composer  in  New 
York  by  his  orchestral  and  other  works, 
1863. 

GoLDONi,  celebrated  as  a  dramatic 
writer;  born  at  Venice,  1707;  wrote 
some  musical  tragedies  and  comic 
operas;   died  1793,  aged  86. 

GoLDSCHMiDT,  Otto,  bom  in  Ham- 
burg, and  enjoyed  reputation  as  a  musi- 
cian in  Germany  before  coming  to  this 
country  as  accompanist  for  Jenny  Lind, 
whom  he  afterwards  married;  was  an 
officer  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Music, 
London,  and  known  as  a  composer  of 
music. 

Goldsmith,  Oliver,  born  in  Ire- 
land, Nov.  10,  1728;  was  fond  of  music, 
practised  it,  and  during  his  Continental 
tour  performed  on  the  flute  to  pay  for 
a  meal  and  lodging;  died  in  London, 
April  4,  1774. 

GoLLMiCK,  Adolph,  bom  at  Frank- 
fort-on-the-Main,  1824;  famous  as  a 
musician  and  composer ;  settled  in  Lon- 
don, England. 

GoLLMiCK,  H.  C,  born  at  Dessau, 
1797;  a  celebrated  writer  on  musical 
subjects;  died  at  Frankfort,  January, 
1867,  aged  70. 

GoMEESAL,  Mrs.,  born  in  England, 
Aug.  30,  1844;  a  daughter  of  William 
Ribben,  composer;  was  the  first  repre- 
sentative of  the  Grand  Duchess  at 
Philadelphia;  came  to  Boston,  Mass., 
■with  her  husband,  William  Gomersal, 
the  comedian,  and  sang  in  opera  at  the 
Boston  Theatre ;  died  at  Sheffield,  Eng- 
land, May  9,  1871 ;  was  well  known  as 
an  actress  and  vocalist. 

GooDALE,  E.,  published,  1817,  at 
Hallowell,  Me.,  "The  Ilallowell  Col- 
lection of  Sacred  Ilusic,'^  216  pages; 
strongly  recommended  by  the  Handel 
Society  of  Maine. 

Goodrich,  A.  J.,  born  at  Chilo,  O., 


May  8,  1847;  known  in  California  as  a 
pianist  and  composer;  later  editor  of  a 
musical  paper  in  New  York ;  author  of 
a  work  on  liarmony  and  other  subjects ; 
composer  of  over  eighty  vocal  and  in- 
strumental pieces. 

Goodrich,  Ebenezer,  learned  the 
business  of  bviilding  organs  of  his  bro- 
ther William,  in  Boston,  and  then 
commenced  manufacturing  on  his  own 
account. 

Goodrich,  William  M.,  born  in 
Templeton,  Mass.,  1777;  went  to  Bos- 
ton 1799,  and  commenced  business  as 
an  organ-builder;  was  a  self-taught  me- 
chanic and  musician;  became  exten- 
sively known  by  his  organs,  and  died 
1833. 

Goose,  Mother,  was  born  and  re- 
sided in  Boston,  Mass.  ;  her  daughter 
married  Thomas  Fleet,  a  Boston  printer ; 
he,  in  her  name,  published,  in  1719, 
"  Songs  for  the  Nursery  :  or.  Mother 
Goose's  Melodies  for  Children;"  price, 
two  coppers.  Fleet  was  publisher  of 
the  "  Weekly  Behearml,^'  and,  later,  of 
the  ^^  Bo.'^ton  Evening  Post.'' 

GORDiGiANi,  one  of  the  excellent 
composers  of  Italy;  died  at  Florence, 
April,  1800. 

GoRiA,  Alex.,  born  1823,  became 
early  celebrated  as  a  pianist  and  com- 
poser. His  Nocturne  and  Etude  in  E-flat 
produced  for  the  publishers  thirty  l^hou- 
sand  francs  ;  his  other  works  found 
large  sales,  but  he  died  in  poverty,  at 
Paris,  June,  1860. 

Gore,  Neil,  a  distinguished  Scotch 
violinist  and  composer,  died  March  1, 
1807. 

Goshen  (Ind.)  Philhaemoxic  So- 
ciety, organized  Sept.  16,  1853. 

Gospel  Harmonist.  Thomas  Whit- 
temore,  Boston,  1841. 

GossEC,  Francis  Joseph,  born  at 
Vergnies,  in  Hainaut,  1733;  was  self- 
educated  ;  went  to  Paris,  became  leader 
of  a  band,  and  began  to  compose  operas ; 
was  professor  of  harmony  at  the  con- 
servatory; continued  there  as  a  com- 
poser to  "the  age  of  78,  when  he  was  re- 
warded with  a  pension. 

GoTTSCiiALK,  Clara,  a  singer  and 
pianist,  1873,  gave  piano-forte  concerts 
in  London,  Paris,  and  New  York,  per- 
forming the  compositions  of  her  brother, 
the  late  L.  M.  Got-tschalk. 

GoTTSCiiALK,  Lotus  MoREAU,  a  Crc-    I   . 
ole,  born  in  New  Orleansy.1829.     Went    ^'^ 
to  Paris  and  gave  concerts,   1845;  in 


48  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


1853,  he  returned  to  tlie  United  States, 
and  became  celebrated  as  a  composer 
and  pianist.  After  giving  concerts  in 
all  the  principal  cities  lie  made  a  tour 
Ihrough  South  America,  and  settled  at 
Brazil :  died  at  Ti jucka,  Dec.  18,  1869 ; 
left  several  unpublished  works  and  three 
operas ;  was  a  man  of  genius  and  bril- 
liant pianist. 

Gould,  John,  of  Wilton,  Me.,  one  of 
the  pioneer  teachers  of  music  in  that 
State,  learned  and  taught  the  Pesta- 
lozzian  system  in  his  old  age. 

Gould,  Nathaniel  D.,  born  in 
Chelmsford,  Mass.,  1789,  published, 1832, 
*^  National  Church  Harmony  ;^^  in  1840, 
''Sacred  Minstrel;''  in  1853,  ''Church 
Music  in  America,''  and  several  other 
works.  Was  many  years  a  well-known 
teacher  and  composer.  His  name  was 
Duren,  and  was  changed  to  secure  the 
estate  of  an  uncle,  in  1806. 

Gounod,  Charles  Felix,  born  at 
Paris,  June  17,  1818;  gained  prizes,  1837 
and  1839,  for  composition ;  wrote  sacred 
music  until  1849,  when  he  commenced 
the  labor  of  opera  writing.  "■Faust," 
produced  in  1859,  made  him  famous 
everywhere.  In  1852  he  was  director 
of  the  Orpheon  singing  of  Paris ;  mar- 
ried the  daughter  of  Zimmermann,  1847, 
and  was  decorated  with  the  Legion  of 
Honor,  Aug.  15,  1857. 

Gourd  Piano-forte,  invented  by  an 
Indian  boy  of  Virgin  Bay;  consists  of 
gourds  from  three  inches  long,  and  in- 
creasing in  length.  Over  the  mouth 
of  these  are  thin,  flat  pieces  of  wood, 
which,  when  struck  by  a  drumstick, 
give  forth  tones  from  the  hollow  gourds 
beneath. 

GouvY,  Theodore,  a  French  com- 
poser of  symphonies,  &c.,  for  orchestra, 
one  of  which  was  performed  in  Boston, 
January,  1856. 

Gow,  Donald,  brother  of  Neil,  was 
a  celebrated  performer  on  the  violon- 
cello, always  played  with  his  brother, 
and  added  much  to  his  fame. 

GoAV,  Nathaniel,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding; born  at  Inver,  May  28,  1766; 
was  the  composer  of  much  music,  and 
the  author  of  several  collections  con- 
taining music  by  the  Gows;  died  Jan. 
17,  1831. 

Gow,  Neil,  born  in  Strathband, 
Perthshire,  March  22,  1727;  celebrated 
as  a  violinist,  and  composer  of  Scottish 
music.  Died  at  Inver,  near  Dunkeld, 
March  1,  1807. 


Gow,  William,  John,  and  Andrew, 
all  sons  of  Neil,  gave  early  indications 
of  musical  talent.  John  and  Andrew 
settled  in  London,  were  composers  and 
music-sellers,  published  there  music  for 
the  violin  and  piano-forte.  William 
published  in  connection  with  his  father. 
William  and  Andrew  became  eminent 
violinists.  John  became  the  leader  of 
the  Caledonian  Society  band  and  or- 
chestra. 

Graven,  a  German  amateur  com- 
poser of  music,  excellent  pianist,  and 
composer  for  his  instrument.  He  died 
young  in  1770. 

Graham,  George  Farquhar,  pub- 
lished "■  An  Essay  on  Musical  Composi- 
tion,'' Edinburgh,  1838;  assisted  in  re- 
ducing the  music  of  the  Skene  Manu- 
script to  common  notation ;  and  wrote 
articles  on  music  in  the  Ency.  Brit., 
1853. 

Graham,  George  F.,  professor  of 
music,  Toronto,  Canada  West,  was  the 
founder  of  *'  The  Canadian  Musical 
Review." 

Grahl,  Andr.  T.,  a  German  mu- 
sician, born  about  the  year  1745,  pub- 
lished some  vocal  and  instrumental 
music  at  Leipsic. 

Gram,  Hans,  organist  at  Brattle- 
street  Church,  Boston,  Mass.,  published 
a  small  collection  of  music  in  1793,  and 
"Sacred  Lines  for  Thanksgiving  Day." 
In  1795  he  assisted  in  preparing  "  The 
3Iassachusetts  Compiler."  Was  a  good 
musician  and  composer. 

Grandfond,  Eugene,  was  bom  at 
Compiegne,  1786;  composed  many  col- 
lections of  romances,  some  of  which 
have  been  published,  two  concertos  for 
the  violin,  and  the  music  of  a  comic 
opera  in  two  acts,  performed  at  the 
Theatre  Feydeau. 

Grandi,  Alessandro,  a  celebrated 
Italian  church  composer,  was  a  Sicilian 
by  birth.  He  was  chapel-master  at  Ber- 
gamo. His  compositions  bear  date  from 
the  year  1619  to  1640. 

Grandini,  Signor,  an  operatic  com- 
poser at  Modena ;  died  1872. 

Grandval,  a  French  musician.  He 
published  a  work  at  Paris,  in  the  year 
1732,  entitled  "■  Essai  sn.ir  le  bon  GoUt  en 
Musique."  He  likewise  composed  some 
cantatas. 

Grange,  Anna  de  la,  bom  in 
France,  1813;  appeared  in  opera,  1830; 
went  from  Paris  to  Milan,  1837,  where 
a  rival  artist  attempted  to  poison  her; 


//7vw     //Vu-H.^    yr^A^,    0.  ^'^'-y 


yi-tt/ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


appeared  at  Venice  and  other  Italian 
cities  ;  and  in  1848  married  Baron 
Stankovich,  and  appeared  at  Vienna  in 
German  opera;  in  1853,  sang  in  Paris; 
and  came  to  this  conntry  in  1856,  re- 
maining nntil  July,  1857,  visiting  many 
cities  South  and  West,  when  she  gave 
her  farewell  concert  in  New  York,  and 
received  a  beautiful  crown  from  the 
hands  of  Col.  Fuller  of  "  The  New  York 
Mirror.^  ^ 

Geangee,  Feedeeick,  sen.,  a  musi- 
cian of  note  in  Boston,  Mass.,  previous 
to  1820. 

Geant,  Donald,  a  composer  for  the 
piano-forte,  violin,  and  violoncello;  his 
music  was  published  in  Elgin,  Edin- 
burgh, and  Aberdeen. 

Geassa,  Luigi,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  May  19,  1856,  brought  out  his 
opera  ''Anne  of  Austria;"  is  a  pianist 
and  composer. 

Geasset,  M.,  chef-d^ orcJiestre  at  the 
Italian  opera  of  Paris  during  Madame 
Catalani's  management,  was  born  1769; 
was  one  of  the  professors  of  the  violin 
at  the  Paris  Conservatory. 

Geassini,  Giuseppa,  a  celebrated 
contralto  singer  at  Venice,  1797;  went 
to  Paris,  was  immensely  popular,  and 
received  a  present  of  twenty  thousand 
livres  from  Napoleon,  the  emperor; 
sang  at  Florence,  1823;  died  at  Milan, 
1850. 

Geau,  an  operatic  manager  and  di- 
rector, did  much  to  establish  opera  in 
New  York. 

Geaupnee,  Gottlieb,  musician, 
teacher,  and  publisher,  went  from  Ger- 
many to  England  1791,  and  came  to 
Boston,  Mass.,  1798;  was  in  the  busi- 
ness of  music-printing  twenty-seven 
years ;  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  1815;  and 
played  the  double  bass  in  the  orchestra 
for  many  years.  i}^'^ 

Geeatoeex,  Heney  W.,  organist, 
and  composer  of  music,  Hartford, 
Conn. ;  born  at  Boston-on-Trent,  1816 ; 
was  author  of  several  books  of  church 
music,  one  of  which  was  "  The  Great  or  ex 
Collection ;"  died  at  Charleston,  S.C., 
4858;    St^,    /ir-T)    ? 

Geeatoeex,  Thomas,  born  at  Der- 
byshire, Oct.  5,  1758;  went  to  London, 
and  became  organist  at  the  Ancient 
Concert;  was  celebrated  as  a  singer, 
teacher,  conductor,  and  composer ;  pub- 
lished a  collection  of  psalm  tunes  and 
much  other  music ;  died  July  17,  1831. 


Geeek  Music  had  a  powerful  influ- 
ence on  the  passions  and  feelings ;  but 
we  cannot  form  an  estimate  of  it  from 
the  fragments  which  survive.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  rich  in  beautiful  ca- 
dences, and  an  art  cultivated  for  ages 
could  not  have  remained  in  a  barbarous 
state  among  a  people  so  ingenious  and 
refined. 

Geeenfield,  Elizabeth  T.,  bom 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  1824;  a  slave,  daugh- 
ter of  Hope  Butler:  in  1849  became 
known  in  the  concert-room;  visited 
London  1853,  and  her  voice  then  ranged 
through  a  compass  of  three  octaves  and 
a  fourth ;  returned  to  the  United  States, 
1854;  gave  concerts  in  Boston,  and  has 
since  sung  with  success  in  most  of  the 
States. 

Geegg,  James,  a  composer  of  dance 
music,  and  teacher,  continued  in  his 
profession  until,  by  old  age,  he  could 
scarcely  see  his  pupils,  or  hear  the  tones 
of  his  own  violin ;  died  November,  1817. 

Geegoeian  Chant,  a  chant  in- 
vented by  St.  Gregory ;  it  is  confined  to 
pure  and  simple  melody,  either  sung  by 
a  simple  voice,  or  by  several  voices  in 
strict  unison.  Any  addition  to  it  of 
harmony,  either  in  the  instrument  or 
voice,  is  an  innovation  which  entirely 
alters  and  perverts  its  original  structure, 
and  deprives  it  of  all  individuality. 

Geegoeian  Night  Chant.  This 
was  introduced  from  Italy  into  Ger- 
many by  Aaron,  an  abbot  of  St.  Martin, 
at  Cologne,  1052. 

Geegoey,  St.,  called  Grer/onj  the 
Great,  born  at  Rome,  550 ;  established  a 
singing  school  at  Rome,  which  existed 
three  "hundred  years  after  his  death; 
wrote  a  book  of  anthems,  and  made 
many  improvements  in  the  manner  of 
singing ;  died  604. 

Geegoey,  William,  a  gentleman  of 
the  Chapel  Royal  in  the  reign  of  Charles 
IL,  was  a  composer  of  several  anthems. 

Gbkinee,  Johann  M.,  a  good  vio- 
linist, was  born  at  Constance  in  1724; 
filled  the  office  of  chapel-master  in  sev- 
eral German  courts,  up  to  the  year 
1784. 

Geeiner,  Johann  Tiieodoe,  pub- 
lished in  1774,  at  Amsterdam,  two 
works,  comprising  symphonies,  eacli 
containing  six  different  pieces  and  six 
duets. 

Greinee,  John,  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, Penn.,  1810;  went  to  Ohio,  and 
became  editor  of  "  The  State  Journal;'^ 


50 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


was  the  king  minstrel  of  Harrison  log- 
cabin  songs;  travelled  from  State  to 
State  with  campaign  speakers,  and  be- 
tween the  speeches  sang  his  songs ;  was 
afterwards  Indian  agent,  and  governor 
of  New  Mexico. 

Grenet,  a  French  dramatic  com- 
poser, produced,  in  1737,  the  opera, 
"  Le  Triomphe  cle  VHarmonie ; "  and  in 
1759,  ^^  Apollon  Berrjer  d'Admete.^' 

Grenet,  Claude  de,  born  at  Cha- 
teaudun,  in  Beauce,  in  1771,  was  an 
oflScer  in  the  French  army;  composed 
several  concertos  and  sonatas ;  likewise 
some  romances,  published  at  Paris. 

Grenie,  M.,  of  France,  1810,  intro- 
duced the  free  in  the  place  of  beating 
reeds,  the  former  being  adapted  to  the 
organ  from  instruments  of  the  accordeon 
form. 

Grenier,  a  musician  at  Paris,  pub- 
lished there,  about  the  year  1786,  some 
airs  for  the  violin  and  violoncello. 

Grenier,  Gabriel,  a  harpist,  and 
composer  for  his  instrument,  at  Paris 
since  the  year  1792 ;  has  published  some 
romances. 

Grenser,  or  Grenzer,  Johann 
Friedrich,  professor  of  the  hautboy  to 
the  King  of  Sweden  about  the  year 
1783,  was  born  at  Dresden ;  in  1779,  he 
published  at  Berlin  six  trios  for  the 
flute,  and  other  instrumental  music. 

Gresham,  Sir  Thomas,  was  a  musi- 
cian, remembered  by  a  musical  com- 
memoration to  his  honor,  July  12,  1832. 

Gresnick,  Anton,  born  at  Liege  in 
1753 ;  composed  the  music  for  the  opera 
of  "■  Bemetriiis,''^  and  obtained  the  situa- 
tion of  chamber-musician  to  the  Prince 
of  Wales ;  he  published  much  dramatic 
music  at  Paris ;  died  1800,  aged  47. 

Gretry,  Andre  Ernest  Modeste, 
iDorn  at  Liege,  Feb.  11,  1741;  became 
early  noted  as  a  singer,  composer,  and 
performer  upon  instruments;  went  to 
Rome,  where  he  wrote  for  the  church ; 
visited  Geneva,  where  he  wrote  an  op- 
era; but  established  his  fame  in  Paris 
by  over  sixty  comic  operas  and  other 
music ;  died  at  Montmorency,  1813.  His 
three  daughters  were  singers  and  com- 
posers. 

Greuillon,  Charles  Yictoire,  a 
noted  singer  at  the  Vaudeville  and  also 
in  the  cafes  chantants  of  Paris;  be- 
came very  wealthy;  but  dissipated  his 
means  in  fast  living,  and  died  in  great 
poverty  at  Plombieres,  in  the  South  of 
France,  Jan.  2,  1869. 


Grider,  Rufus  a.,  connected  with 
the  church  and  ancient  choir  at  Bethle- 
hem, Penn.,  for  thirty  years,  as  the  lead- 
ing tenor  and  performer  on  the  flute  in 
the  orchestra.  The  bishops  of  the  Mora- 
vians are  musicians,  and  the  ministers 
often  play  in  the  orchestra. 

Grisar,  Albert,  born  at  Antwerp, 
Dec.  26,  1808 ;  went  to  Paris  1830,  and 
in  1833  became  known  there  as  a  com- 
poser ;  in  1836  wrote  for  the  comic  opera 
several  successful  works ;  died  in  Paris, 
1869. 

Grisart,  Charles,  has  become 
known  by  his  comic  opera,  "  Memnon,^^ 
which  was  performed  at  the  Folies- 
Bergere. 

Grisi,  Julia,  the  greatest  Italian 
dramatic  singer  since  Malibran,  born  at 
Milan,  July  28,  1811;  visited  this  coun- 
try with  Mario,  1854 ;  died  in  Berlin,  Nov. 
29,  1869.  Judith,  her  sister,  born  1812, 
was  also  a  famous  singer ;  died  1840,  in 
Italy. 

Grobe,  Charles,  born  at  Saxe 
Weimar,  Germany,  1817;  came  to  this 
country  1839,  and  in  1841  was  a  pro- 
fessor of  music  in  the  college  at  Wil- 
mington, Del. ;  in  1842  began  to  publish 
his  productions,  which  have  given  him 
great  reputation;  his  compositions  are 
very  many  and  mostly  popular. 

Gros,  H.  Guido,  known  in  Europe 
and  in  this  country  as  an  orchestral 
leader,  was  drowned  Feb.  21,  1873,  in 
the  West  Indies. 

Grosh,  Peter  L.  and  George, 
brothers,  of  Petersburg,  Penn.,  invented 
a  musical  instrument  called  the  "£"w- 
phoniad;^^  it  has  thirty-six  keys,  with 
their  semitones,  and  is  played  like  the 
organ  or  piano-forte;  it  combines  the 
tones  of  a  variety  of  instruments. 

GuADAGNi,  Gaetano,  born  at  Lodi, 
1725;  went  to  England  1748;  sang  in 
Handel's  oratorios;  went  to  Lisbon, 
where  he  excited  great  admiration ;  re- 
turned to  London,  and  remained  con- 
nected with  the  opera  until  1771;  died 
at  Padua,  very  wealthy,  1797. 

GuARNERius,  Andrea,  born  at  Cre- 
mona, 16.30 ;  celebrated  maker  of  violins 
from  1650  to  1695.  Pietro,  born  at 
Cremona,  1670;  son  of  Andrea,  and  a 
violin-maker.  Giuseppe,  born  at  the 
same  place,  was  a  nephew  of  Pietro,  and 
was  the  most  celebrated  maker  of  violins 
of  that  name.  Joseph  manufactured 
from   1690  to   1730.      His   instruments 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION^". 


51 


He  was  the  oldest  son  of  Andrea  Pierre, 
second  son  of  Andrea,  made  violins  and 
basses  from  1725  to  1740.  Joseph  An- 
TOiNE,  son  of  Jean-Baptiste  Guar- 
nerins,  was  born  at  Cremona,  June  8, 
1683.  His  father  was  the  brother  of 
Andrea  Guarnerius.  This  violin-maker 
worked  in  Cremona  from  1725  to  1745 ; 
and,  from  the  fact  that  he  signed  his 
instruments,  I.H.S.,  he  was  commonly 
called  Giuseppe  del  Jesu.  Joseph  An- 
toine  lived  a  very  irregular  life,  and 
died  in  prison,  1745.  While  in  prison 
the  jailer's  daughter  procured  him 
wood,  and  tools  to  work  it ;  and  he  there 
made  instruments  which  the  girl  sold 
to  procure  luxuries  for  Joseph. 

GuERRABELLA,  knowu  in  this  coun- 
try as  Miss  Ward,  married  Count  Guer- 
bel,  a  Russian,  at  Rome;  was  deserted, 
and  consequently  commenced  a  success- 
ful career  as  a  singer;  sang  in  Italy  and 
in  Russia,  and  returning  sang  in  Bos- 
ton, 1862 ;  has  since  appeared  in  England 
and  Ireland  as  an  actress. 

Guest,  George,  born  in  London, 
1771 ;  became  celebrated  as  a  singer  and 
organist ;  was  the  author  of  a  variety  of 
musical  works  and  music  for  a  full  mil- 
itary band,  also  a  composer  of  glees, 
duets,  and  songs.  Ralph,  born  at 
Basely,  1742,  was  an  organist  and  com- 
poser; died  in  London. 

GuicHARD,  Louis  Joseph,' born  at 
Versailles  in  1752,  was  appointed  cham- 
ber-musician to  the  King  of  France  in 
1776.  In  1784  he  became  professor  at 
the  Royal  School  of  Singing,  and  in  1792 
singing  master  at  the  Academy  of 
Music. 

GuiDi,  SiGNOR,  an  Italian  tenor- 
singer,  known  in  Boston,  Springfield, 
New  Haven,  and  Chicago,  as  a  vocalist 
and  teacher,  settled  in  Cincinnati,  O., 
1857. 

GuiDO.    See  Aretinus. 

GuiDoisriAisr  Hand.  The  figure  of  a 
hand  with  the  musical  syllables  marked 
on  the  joints  and  the  fingers  and  in  the 
spaces  between. 

GuiGNON,  jEAisr  Pierre,  born  at 
Turin  in  1702 ;  was  a  celebrated  violin- 
ist; gave  gratuitous  lessons  to  many 
young  violinists,  who  requested  them 
of  him,  Guignon's  compositions  con- 
sist of  some  sonatas,  duets,  trios,  and 
concertos  for  his  instrument;  died  at 
Versailles  in  1774. 

GuiLLAUME,  Edme,  of  Auxcrre, 
France,  invented  in  1590  the   serpent, 


an  instrument  much  used  in  military 
bands. 

GuiLLEMAiN,  Gabriel,  born  at  Paris 
in  1705,  was  celebrated  as  a  violinist; 
composed  some  sonatas  for  the  violin 
and  harpsichord.  Guillemain  lost  his 
senses  late  in  life,  and  in  1770  destroyed 
himself,  inflicting  on  his  person  no  less 
than  fourteen  wounds. 

GuiLLON,  a  French  musician,  pub- 
lished, about  the  year  1780,  at  Lyons, 
some  quartets  for  the  violin,  also  some 
instrumental  music  at  Paris. 

GuiLLOU.  First  flutist  at  the  grand 
opera  at  Paris,  and  professor  at  the  con- 
servatoire; died  in  Paris,  1853. 

GuiLMETTE,  C.  A.,  born  in  Paris, 
France,  the  seventh  son  of  a  seventh  son ; 
came  to  America,  1843,  with  a  French 
opera  company;  in  1846,  was  with 
an  opera  company  in  South  America; 
returned  to  New  York,  and  sang  in  some 
other  cities ;  a  composer,  and  writer 
upon  musical  subjects,  and  teacher  of 
vocal  music. 

Guitar,  a  well-known  instrument  of 
six  strings,  now  made  in  this  country. 

GuMPENHUBER,an  amateur  performer 
at  the  Pantalon,  was  engaged  for  three 
years  at  St.  Petersburg, "in  1755,  as 
chamber-musician,  where  his  capriccios 
and  concertos  were  much  admired.  He 
quitted  that  country  in  1757. 

Gung'l,  Joseph,  born  at  Zsambek, 
Hungary;  a  renowned  composer  and 
performer  of  dance-music ;  came  to  this 
country  with  a  small  orchestra,  and 
gave  concerts  through  the  United  States, 
1847-8;  in  1849  was  employed  at  St. 
Petersburg ;  his  compositions  have  been 
much  admired. 

GuNisr,  John,  author  of  ''Forty  Scotch 
Airs,^^  for  violin,  flute,  and  violoncello; 
also  a  work  on  fingering  the  violoncello ; 
the  art  of  playing  the  flute ;  and  a  work 
on  the  harp,  bringing  its  history  down 
to  1734. 

GuNTER,  E.  W.,  born  in  Bremen, 
1817 ;  came  to  this  country,  and  settled 
at  Louisville,  Ky. ;  had  for  many  years 
been  a  prominent  musician ;  founder  of 
the  Mozart  and  Musical  Fund  societies 
of  that  city;  constantly  engaged  in 
music;  died  June  13,  1866,  having  been 
thrown  from  a  carriage,  breaking  his 
neck. 

GuNTHER,  organist  at  Neustadt,  was 
named,  in  1789,  to  the  church  of  St. 
Croix,  at  Dresden. 

Gunther,  Friedrich,  a  bass-singer 


52 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


at  the  theatres  of  Weimar  and  Gotha, 
between  the  years  1770  and  1780. 

GuTHEBiST,  Theodore,  musician, 
and  dealer  in  musical  merchandise, 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  committed  suicide, 
April  15,  1867. 

GuTHMANN,  FetedPvICH,  secoud  vio- 
linist at  the  Italian  Theatre  at  Paris, 
published  there,  in  1786,  six  duets  for 
the  violin.  He  also  published  a  method 
for  the  guitar,  and  other  works,  in  Ger- 
many. 

Guy  D'Arezzo.    See  Gthdo. 

Guy,  J.,  a  composer  of  songs,  catches, 
and  glees,  1799. 

GuziKOW,  a  Polish  Jew,  1867 ;  became 
celebrated  as  a  performer  upon  the  flute ; 
invented  and  exhibited  a  rustic  instru- 
ment, consisting  of  four  round  sticks  of 
wood,  bound  together  with  straw,  across 


which  were  numerous  pieces  of  other 
wood,  which,  placed  upon  a  table  and 
struck  with  two  ebony  sticks,  produced 
excellent  music. 

Gyles,  Thomas,  was  commissioned 
by  Queen  Elizabeth  to  take  children, 
such  as  he  considered  apt  and  fitted  to 
become  eminent,  from  any  place  in 
England  and  Wales,  and  to  educate  and 
train  them  for  singers  in  the  church. 

Gybowetz,  Adalbert,  was  born  in 
Bohemia  in  176.5;  became  an  excellent 
pianist  and  violinist.  In  1785  he  went 
to  Naples,  from  thence  to  England,  and 
returned  in  1793  to  Vienna,  where  he 
remained,  enjoying  the  place  of  imperial 
chapel-master;  composed  very  numer- 
ous instrumental  works,  also  some 
romances  and  other  vocal  pieces;  died 
in  Vienna,  1850,  aged  85. 


H. 


H  is  used  by  the  Germans  for  B-natu- 
ral ;  the  7th  in  the  diatonic,  and  12th  in 
the  chromatic  scale. 

Habeneck,  F.  a.,  an  infant  musical 
prodigy,  born  at  Meziers,  Jan.  23,  1781 ; 
distinguislied  in  Paris  as  a  violinist  and 
composer;  died  Feb.  8,  1849.  Joseph, 
born  1785,  and  Corentix,  born  1787, 
his  brothers,  were  also  celebrated  as 
violinists. 

Habington,  Henry,  the  first  gradu- 
ate with  the  title  of  Bachelor  of  Music, 
Cambridge,  Eng. ;  a  celebrated  composer 
and  performer,  1463. 

Hackbrett,  an  instrument  now 
known  as  the  dulcimer. 

Haden,  J.  C,  precentor  of  West- 
minster Abbey,  and  an  excellent  musi- 
cian ;  died  November,  1869. 

Haempeln,  in  1795  one  of  the  great- 
est violinists  in  Germany. 

Hagex,  Theodore,  born  in  Ham- 
burg, April  15,  1823;  was  a  writer  for 
German  papers,  1841 ;  musical  editor  at 
Hamburg,  1846;  wrote  "'Musical  Nov- 
els," 1848;  went  to  London,  Eng.,  and 
from  there  wrote  for  the  "  Sif/nale," 
Leipsic ;  came  to  New  York,  1854 ;  was 
editor  of  the  "iVeiw  York  Musical  Re- 
view and  Gazette;'^  married  an  English 
lady,  1857;  in  1865,  enlarged  his  paper, 
and  made  it  a  weekly;  died  in  New 
York,  Dec.  27,  1871,  aged  48. 

Hagen,Von  der,  under  the  auspices 
of    the  King  of  Prussia,  collected  and 


published,  1838,  the  songs  of  more  than 
a  hundred  and  sixty  bards  of  Germany. 

Hague,  Dr.  Charles,  born  at  Tad- 
caster,  Yorkshire,  1769;  was  a  cele- 
brated violinist;  in  1799  was  made 
bachelor  of  music,  a  professor  and  doc- 
tor of  music ;  composed  freely,  and  per- 
formed on  various  instruments;  died 
June  18,  1821. 

Hahx,  Charles,  celebrated  for  his 
musical  talents,  but  more  famous  for 
having  built  a  theatre  upon  his  farm  in 
North  Germany,  where  he  expended  a 
fortune  in  employing  the  best  available 
talent  for  the  amusement  of  himself  and 
friends ;  died  at  Altona,  Germany,  June, 
1857,  aged  84. 

Hahn,  Herr,  composer  and  pianist; 
an  intimate  friend  of  Beethoven,  died 
1872. 

Hail  Columbia,  a  song  by  Joseph 
Hopkinson,  Philadelphia,  1798.  It  was 
written  to  the  music  of  the  ^'■President's 
March,''  which  was  composed  by  one 
Phylas  or  Fayles,  a  German  leader  of 
orchestra  in  New  York,  1789.  The  song 
was  first  sung  by  Mr.  Fox,  in  Philadel- 
phia, 1798. 

Halevy,  J.  F.,  one  of  the  best  dra- 
matic composers  of  the  French  school ; 
born  at  Paris,  May  27,  1799 ;  known  by 
his  operas ;  died  at  Nice,  March,  1862. 

Hall,  Foley,  an  Englishman,  weal- 
thy in  his  own  right;  led  a  heedless  life, 
lost  his  property,  and  became  a  composer 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


53 


of  songs,  one  of  which,  ^'  Ever  of  Thee,'^ 
has  been  sung  and  admired  in  Europe 
and  in  this  country;  in  an  unguarded 
moment  forged  the  name  of  his  pub- 
lisher; went  to  Newgate,  and  died  there 
before  his  trial  came  on. 

Hall,  G.  F.,  studied  in  Europe  sev- 
eral years ;  on  his  return,  1807,  possessed 
a  barytone  voice  of  noblest  quality,  ex- 
cellently schooled. 

Hall,  Joseph,  for  the  purpose  of 
encouraging  the  practice  of  music  in 
Concord,  N.H.,  donated  five  hundred 
dollars  to  the  Concord  Musical  Society, 
1801,  as  a  fund  for  its  support ;  the  soci- 
ety was  formed  June  15,  1799. 

Hall,  Maximilian,  teacher  of  piano- 
forte, Boston,  Mass.,  published,  18o9, 
the  ^^ American  Preceptor,^ ^  containing 
also  select  melodies  and  duets. 

Hall,  Gen.  William,  born  in  the 
village  of  Sparta,  now  Tarrytown,  N.Y., 
May  13,  1796 ;  was  early  apprenticed  to 
the  musical  instrument  manufacturing 
business  in  Albany :  went  to  New  York 
City,  1812;  commenced  business  under 
the  firm-name  of  Firth  &  Hall,  1821; 
was  president  of  the  Sacred  Music  So- 
ciety, a  member  of  the  Institute,  and 
senior  member  of  the  firm  of  William 
Hall  &  Son,  music  publishers;  died 
May  3,  1874,  aged  78. 

Halle,  Adam  de  la,  a  troubadour 
of  the  13th  century;  born  at  Arras; 
died  at  Naples,  1286;  composed  songs, 
wrote  dramas,  and  was  one  of  the  found- 
ers of  the  French  drama. 

Halle,  Charles,  born  at  Hagen, 
near  Barmen,  Germany,  1820;  went  to 
London,  Eng.,  and  in  1848  became  cele- 
brated as  a  pianist ;  is  now,  1874,  one  of 
the  most  thoroughly  accomplished  mas- 
ters of  that  instrument. 

Halle,  Joh.  Sam.,  published  a  work 
upon  the  organ,  1779. 

Hallelujah;  or,  ^^ Britain^ s  Second 
Bemembrancer,^^  composed  by  George 
Wither,  in  the  interval  between  the  war 
with  Charles  I.  with  the  Scotch  Cov- 
enanters, and  that  of  the  Parliamentari- 
ans against  the  king.  His  direction  was, 
*'  Sing  this  to  the  Ten  Commandments." 

Halm,  Anton,  an  eminent  teacher 
and  excellent  pianist,  died  in  Vienna, 
May  6,  1873,  aged  84. 

Hamel,  M.,  first  tried  the  experiment 
of  producing  music  by  electricity  from 
five  piano-fortes,  at  Pesth.  He  played 
upon  one,  and  connected  the  other  four 
in  such  a  manner  that  the  keys  of  all 


moved  in  exact  unison.  He  is  a  Hun- 
garian. 

Hamilton,  Edward,  born  in  Worces- 
ter, Mass.,  Jan.  6,  1812;  became  known 
as  a  bass-singer,  teacher,  and  composer; 
published,  1850,  *'  Sow/s  of  Sacred 
Praise;'^  later,  the  " -S'anciu.s,"  and 
^^  Voice  of  Praise  ;"  died  at  Worcester, 
Jan.  3,  1870. 

Hamilton,  J.  A.,  an  English  writer 
on  music;  author  of  a  ^'Treatise  on  Ilar- 
mony,^^  ^^  Instructions  for  Piano-forte,''* 
and  other  valuable  musical  works  pub- 
lished in  London  since  1830. 

Hamilton,  John,  was  a  music-seller 
in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  was  much 
employed  as  a  teacher  of  music.  He 
was  the  author  of  many  favorite  Scots 
songs,  some  of  which  were  of  consider- 
able merit.  He  died  Sept.  23,  1814,  in 
the  53d  year  of  his  age. 

Hammer  Harpsichords  were  made 
in  France,  by  Marius,  1716. 

Hammermeister,  H.,  a  celebrated 
barytone  in  Germany,  came  to  New  York, 
1849 ;  died  January,  1860. 

Hampsen,  D.,  harpist  and  bard  of 
Macgilligan;  died  Jan.  8,  1808,  aged  110. 

Handel,  properly  Haendel, 
George  Frederic,  born  at  Hnlle,  in 
the  duchy  of  Magdeburg,  and  circle  of 
Lower  Saxony,  Feb.  24,  1084;  an  illus- 
trious master  in  music;  his  composi- 
tions, particularly  his  oratorios,  have 
been  everywhere  performed  with  unri- 
valled glory ;  went  to  London,  1710 ;  has 
always  been  the  first  and  most  continual 
object  of  English  admiration;  his  works 
are  numerous,  and  date  to  1751 ;  was 
blind  after  this  date ;  died  April  13, 1759, 
and  was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey. 

Handel  and  Haydn  Society, 
Boston,  Mass. ;  organized  March  30, 
1815;  a  constitution  was  adopted  in 
April,  and  the  society  was  incorporated 
February,  1816.  Tlie  first  public  per- 
formance took  place  at  the  Stone  Chapel, 
Dec.  25,  1815. 

Hand-Guide,  an  instrument  invented 
by  Kalkbrenner  to  insure  a  good  position 
at  the  piano-forte;  a  similar  invention, 
by  W.  O.  Brewster,  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  1873. 

Hand-Organs  are  made  upon  the 
same  principle  as  the  chime-barrel,  the 
hammers  being  lifted  by  metallic  pins 
stuck  into  a  barrel  made  to  revolve  by 
turning  a  crank  by  hand. 

Harmonica.  A  musical  instrument 
constructed  with  glasses ;  there  is  also  a 
small  mouth-harmonica. 


54 


A  DICTIOiN^ART  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOK 


Harmonic  Hand,  Guide's  diagram, 
showing  the  five  lines  of  the  staff  by  tlie 
fingers,  and  representing  spaces  between 
the  fingers. 

Harmonichoed,  invented  by  Kauf- 
mann,  1839. 

Harmonic  Minstrelsy,  Walter 
Janes,  Dedham,  Mass.,  1807;  104  pages. 

Harmonic  Trumpet,  like  the  trum- 
pet in  form  and  tone,  but  longer,  and  is 
sometimes  called  sackbut. 

Harmonista,  an  invention  by  the  aid 
of  which  an  organist  touching  one  key 
"will  produce  a  full  chord. 

Harmonium,  an  instrument  resem- 
bling an  upright  piano-forte,  the  strings 
of  which  are  made  to  sound  by  the 
action  of  a  cylinder. 

Harmonometer,  an  instrument 
formed  for  measuring  sounds. 

Harp,  an  instrument  that  stands 
foremost  among  all  those  which  have 
touched  the  ear  and  heart  of  mankind ; 
it  Avas  used  by  the  people  of  Israel,  by 
David,  by  Miriam,  by  the  Northern 
skald,  by  the  Romans;  and  in  all  north- 
ern Europe  the  harp  was  the  historian, 
eulogist,  priest,  and  seer.  Kings  of  old 
were  harpers ;  in  all  nations  the  harp  has 
had  a  home  and  welcome.  The  Hebrew, 
the  Scandinavian,  the  Cimbrian,  and  the 
Celt  have  held  it  sacred;  saints,  pil- 
grims, and  heroes  have  been  solaced  by 
it,  and  the  angels  of  God  strike  celestial 
melodies  from  its  strings.  The  merit 
of  originally  introducing  the  harp  into 
Scotland  is  ascribed  to  Ireland;  it  was 
used  by  persons  of  rank,  and  was  a 
favorite  with  the  people ;  a  harp  is  repre- 
sented on  coin  used  twenty-four  years 
before  Christ. 

Harpsichord,  a  stringed  instrument 
like  the  piano-forte;  called  also  clavi- 
chord. 

Hartung,  Heer,  condemned  to 
death  for  poisoning  in  London,  1853; 
petitioned  to  have  his  execution  post- 
poned until  he  finished  an  opera  he  had 
commenced  writing. 

Harve,  M.  Lucome  du,  the  inventor 
of  the  Baryton,  having  four  strings  tuned 
octaves  to  the  strings  of  the  violin. 

Harvey,  William  B.,  of  Philadel- 
phia, Penn.,  a  composer  and  performer 
upon  various  instruments,  author  of  the 
*'  Siren  of  Paris,''  and  of  the  popular  song 
"  No  One  to  Love  ;  "  died  March,  1861. 

Haslam,  John,  a  famous  comic 
singer  of  Salford,  Eng.,  for  25  years; 
died  May,  1873. 


Haslinger,  C,  born  in  Vienna,1816; 
has  always  resided  there,  and  been  dis- 
tinguished as  a  composer,  director,  and 
teacher  of  music ;  also  a  music  publisher; 
died  Dec.  20,  1868. 

Hasse,  Giovanni  Adelfo,  called  in 
Italy  II  Sassone,  chapel-master  to  the 
King  of  Poland ;  later  at  Venice  became 
celebrated  as  a  composer  and  singer; 
went  to  England,  wrote  some  operas 
there ;  returned  toYenice,  and  continued 
to  compose  until  1780 ;  died  there,  1783, 
aged  84. 

Hasse,  Faustina  Bordoni,  wife  of 
the  preceding,  was  born  at  Venice,  1700 ; 
celebrated  for  her  method  of  singing; 
made  her  debut,  1716;  visited  England, 
Dresden,  Vienna,  and  other  places,  but 
returned  to  Venice  in  1775 ;  died  there, 
1783,  aged  90. 

Hastings,  Thomas,  born  in  Wash- 
ington, Litchfield  Co.,  Conn.,  Oct.  15, 
1784 ;  commenced  teaching  music,  1807 ; 
in  1816,  compiled  ^'  Miisica  Sacra,""  and 
the  ^'Springfield  Collection ;"  in  1822, 
published  "^  Dissertation  on  Musical 
Taste;''  removed  to  New  York,  1832; 
published  the  ^''Manhattan  Collection,'^ 
1837;  in  1836,  the  ''Musical  Magazine;'^ 
in  1840,  the ''Sacred  Lyre;"  in  1844, 
with  W.  B.  Bradbury  and  others,  a 
number  of  singing-books;  he  composed 
much  good  music,  and  was  constantly 
emjDloyed  until  a  few  days  before  his 
death  upon  musical  works ;  died  May  15, 
1872,  aged  88. 

Hatton,  David,  born  at  Thornton, 
North  Britain,  1769 ;  had  great  musical 
talent,  and  invented  the  Fiutorum,  some- 
thing in  the  shape  of  the  Irish  bagpipe, 
upon  which  he  played  exceedingly  well ; 
was  a  very  eccentric  man,  and  exhibited 
his  coffin  years  before  his  death;  died 
Nov.  22,  1847,  aged  78. 

Hatton,  John  L.,  came  to  this  coun- 
try as  pianist,  and  conductor  of  the 
Bateman  concerts,  with  Parepa  and  Carl 
Rosa,  1867;  well  known  as  a  composer 
and  author  of  very  many  jDopular  songs, 
among  which  may  be  mentioned  the 
"Jolly  little  Fat  Man." 

Hatzfeld,  Countess  of,  a  celebrat- 
ed singer  in  Italian  operas  at  Vienna, 
1793,  at  one  of  the  private  theatres. 

Hauck,  Minnie,  born  in  New  York, 
early  became  noted  as  a  vocalist;  made 
her  debut  at  the  Academy  of  Music  after 
having  sung  some  time  in  church  and  at 
concerts;  and  since  has  became  cele- 
brated as  an  opera-singer  in  Europe. 


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A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INTOrtMATIOK. 


Haucke,  Gustave,  an  eminent  vio- 
linist of  Minnesota;  came  to  this  coun- 
try with  Henrietta  Sontap:,  with  whom  he 
remained  until  her  death  in  Mexico,  1854, 
when  he  settled  W(!st:  died  July,  1873. 
fy  Hauptmann,  Mohitz,  born  in  Dres- 
7-  -  den,  Oct.  13, 1794^;  made  several  musical 
tours ;  became  celebrated  as  a  contra- 
puntist and  harmonist;  wrote  many 
songs,  and  much  church-music;  settled 
as  a  teacher  at  Leipsic,  where  he  died, 
Jan.  3,  1838,  aged  74. 

Hausmann,  Geo.,  son  of  Valentine, 
organist  and  musician,  wrote  much 
music  from  1510  to  1550. 

Hautboy,  called  oboe,  and  haiit  hois, 
an  instrument  much  used  in  orchestras. 
Havergal,  W.  H.,  of  Worcester, 
England;  a  composer  of  note,  and  a 
writer  of  some  valuable  essays  upon 
church  music;  publisher  of  "  Old 
Church  Psalmody  ;'^  collected  and  ar- 
ranged much  old  music,  also  Eavens- 
croft's  Psalms;  was  the  author  of  the 
history  of  the  Old  Hundreth  psalm 
tune,  1852;  died  April  19,  1870. 

Havings,  GEEnAiiDUs,  wrote  a  work 
concerning  the  construction  of  the 
organ,  1727. 

Haavaiian  Music  has,  within  a  few 
years,  been  so  cultivated  that  choirs  of 
natives,  male  and  female,  sing  in  a 
peculiarly  sweet  tone  of  voice. 

Hawes,  William,  born  in  London, 
1785;  violinist  at  Covent  Garden 
Theatre,  and  a  teacher  of  music; 
became  lutanist  to  his  Majesty,  and 
vicar-choral  at  Westminster  Abbey; 
composed  a  large  number  of  songs  and 
other  music. 

Hawker,  Essex,  author  of  "  The 
Wedding,''  an  opera,  and  other  musical 
works,  London,  1729. 

Hawkins,  John  Sidney,  author  of 
an  "  Inquiry  into  the  Nature  and  Prin- 
ciples of  Thorou'/h Bass,''  London,  1817. 
Hawkins,  Micaii,  born  Jan.  1,  1777, 
was  the  author  of  an  American  opera, 
entitled  "  The  Saw-Mill ;  or,  A  Yankee 
Trick."  It  was  comic,  in  two  acts,  per- 
formed at  the  Chatham  Garden,  New 
York;  died  July  29,  1825;  also  the 
negro  song  "  Back  Side  Albany  ;  or.  The 
Battle  ofPlattsburu,"  popular  after  1814. 
Hawkins,  Sir  John,  born  March  l;j, 
1719;  was  a  great  lover  of  music  and 
collector  of  music-books ;  wrote  a  valu- 
able "  History  of  Music,"  in  five  quarto 
volumes;  died  May  14,  1789,  and  was 
buried  in  Westminster  Abbey. 


Hawley,  Horace  H.,  born  at  Ley- 
den,  N.Y.,  April  10,  1817;  a  composer 
of  sacred  music  and  songs ;  a  popular 
teacher  and  choir-master. 

Hayden,  Amos  Sutton,  of  Ohio, 
compiled  and  published  at  Cincinnati, 
1848,  the  "  Sacred  Melodeon,"  394  pages, 
patent  notes;  in  1860,  he  published 
"  The  Ilymnist,"  and  in  1870,  a  ^'Chris- 
tian Tune-Book;"  these  last  in  round 
notes. 

Hayden,  George,  was  organist  of 
the  church  of  St.  Mary  Magdalen,  Ber- 
mondsey.  He  composed  and  published, 
about  the  year  1723,  three  cantatas. 
There  is  also  extant  of  Hayden' s  com- 
positions a  pretty  song,  in  two  parts, 
''As  I  saw  fair  Clora  walk  alone"  which 
is  well  known  to  the  proficients  in  vocal 
harmony. 

Haydn,  Francis  Joseph,  born 
March  31,  1732,  at  Rohrau,  Austria; 
went  to  England,  1791,  having  previ- 
ously obtained  a  living  by  teaching  and 
composing;  published  some  works  in 
London,  and  was  made  doctor  of  music; 
wrote  his  sublime  work,  "  The  Crea- 
tion," in  Germany,  became  famous, 
and  died  May  31,  1810,  full  of  years  and 
covered  with  glory.  Michael,  brother 
of  Joseph,  born  at  Rohrau,  Sept.  16, 
1737;  famous  composer;  died  in  Salz- 
burg, Aug.  18,  1808. 

Hayes,  Catherine,  born  at  Lim- 
erick, Ireland,  1819;  became  famous  as 
a  singer  in  Europe ;  came  to  this  coun- 
try, and  sang  in  New  York,  Sept.  1851; 
made  a  tour  of  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  and  then  was  successful  in 
California  and  South  America;  married 
lier  business   agent,  in  London,  Sept. 

1857,  who  was  a  Connecticut  man  and 
a  vocalist;  he  died  at  Biarritz,  July  3, 

1858.  Catherine    died    at    Sydenham, 
England,  Aug.  12,  1861. 

Hayes,  Dr.  W.,  organist  and  com- 
poser; born  1707;  died  1779.  Dr. 
Philip,  of  London,  born  1739;  a  com- 
poser and  director;  died  March  19, 
1797. 

Haymarket  Opera  House,  Lon- 
don, England,  destroyed  by  fire,  1789; 
new  one  opened,  1791 ;  burned  Decem- 
ber, 1807. 

Hays,  Will  Shakspeare,  born  at 
Louisville,  Ivy.,  July  19,  1837;  learned 
several  instruments  when  a  boy ;  com- 
menced writing  songs  in  18.56;  became 
connected  with  the  "  Louisville  Bemr^ 
crat : "  married  and  settled  in  that  cil) 


56 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


1865 ;  generally  composes  his  songs  and 
tlie  music  at  the  same  time. 

Haytee,  a.  U.,  born  in  Gillingham, 
England,  Dec.  16,  1790;  came  to  New 
York,  1835;  went  to  Boston,  1839,  as 
organist  of  the  Handel  and  Haydn 
Society;  was  a  superior  organist  and 
composer;  while  connected  with  the 
Handel  and  Haydn  Society,  he  brought 
out  many  new  oratorios,  and  cleared 
that  association  from  debt ;  died  July 
23.  1873,  aged  nearly  74  years.  His 
father  was  an  organist  in  England; 
and  his  son  George  F.  Hayter,  his  suc- 
cessor in  Boston,  possessed  much  musi- 
cal talent. 

Heath,  Lyman,  born  in  Bow,  N.H., 
Aug.  24,  1806 ;  author  of  a  number  of 
popular  songs,  one  of  which  is  the 
"^  Gram  of  Boncqmrte  ;^'  has  been  a 
teacher  of  singing  since  he  was  nine- 
teen years  of  age,  and  is  well  known  as 
a  concert-singer  through  the  States; 
died  at  Nashua,  June  30,  1870,  aged  64. 

Heather,  William  Edward,  born 
1784;  went  to  London,  became  a  singer, 
performer,  and  composer;  formed  an 
orchestra  at  Devonshire,  in  the  West  of 
England,  but  finally  settled  in  London. 

Hebrew  Music,  vocal  and  instru- 
mental, was  much  cultivated,  was  used 
in  their  religious  services,  and,  from  the 
great  number  engaged  in  it,  was  effective. 

Hector,  John  K.,  a  well-known  and 
popular  vocalist,  born  1824;  travelled 
as  one  of  the  famous  Rainer  Family  for 
several  years ;  died  Nov.  6, 1854,  aged  39. 

Hedge,  Leonard,  of  Warwick, 
Mass.,  1772,  was  one  of  the  first  to 
preach  the  doctrine  that  reading  the 
Psalms,  line  by  line,  as  they  were  sung, 
was  a  violation  of  the  rules  of  music,  and 
must  be  given  up.  Hedge,  Lemuel, 
of  Windsor,  Vt.,  the  first  organ-builder 
in  that  State. 

Heeringen,  Von,  born  in  GeiTaany, 
came  to  New  York,  March,  1850,  and 
patented  a  new  system  of  musical  nota- 
tion ;  also  published  a  number  of  works 
en  that  system:  but,  failing  in  his  at- 
tempts to  introduce  his  notation,  com- 
mitted suicide  in  Washington,  D.C., 
Dec.  24,  1855. 

Heiil,  Louis,  pianist,  and  member 
of  the  Germania  Musical  Society,  was 
also  a  violinist,  long  a  resident  of  Bos- 
ton, Mass. ;  removed  to  Detroit,  Mich., 
where  he  failed  of  success ;  went  to 
New  Orleans,  La.,  and  died  there, 
April,  1857. 


Heine,  Miss  Antonina,  of  New 
York,  became  known  in  this  country  by 
her  operatic  tour  with  Brignoli,  and 
afterwards  in  Italy;  returned  to  New 
York,  1873. 

Heine,  Joseph,  born  in  England, 
1843;  blind  from  birth;  has  become 
celebrated  as  a  violinist,  and  has  given 
concerts  in  this  country  since  1873, 
accompanied  by  his  wife,  a  pianist. 

Heinefetter,  Clara,  celebrated  for 
her  fine  vocal  abilities,  known  as 
Madame  Stoiekel,  gained  much  fame 
in  Austria  as  a  singer;  died  Feb.  23, 
1857. 

Heinefetter,  Kathinka,  became 
famous  as  a  singer  at  Paris,  France, 
1840 ;  was  an  opera-singer  at  Brussels, 
1842 ;  was  the  cause  of  a  duel  between 
two  of  her  Parisian  lovers,  which  ended 
fatally  for  one  of  them;  retired  from 
the  stage;  settled  at  Freiburg,  Baden, 
and  died  there,  Dec.  20,  1858. 

Heinefetter,  Sabine,  a  famous 
German  singer,  born  at  Mentz,  1805; 
became  celebrated  as  an  operatic  per- 
former in  the  ijrincipal  cities  of  Europe. 

Heinrich,  a.  p.,  a  Bohemian,  born 
in  Schoenlinden,  March  11,  1781 ;  came 
early  to  this  country,  and  was  generally 
known  as  "  Father  Heinrich,"  the 
veteran  Kentucky  composer. 

Heller,  Stephen,  one  of  the  most 
graceful  and  original  of  the  modern 
piano-forte  composers,  was  born  at 
Pesth,  in  Hungary,  on  the  15th  of  May, 
1815 ;  in  1827,  gave  concerts  in  Vienna ; 
composed  much  for  the  piano,  1833 ;  in 
1838,  went  to  Paris,  where  he  composed 
over  eighty  works  for  the  piano-forte. 

Hellmesberger,  George,  professor 
in  the  conservatoire  of  Vienna ;  director 
in  the  court  opera,  and  leader  of  a 
famous  quartet,  was,  in  18G1,  decorated 
with  the  golden  cross  of  merit;  died 
September,  1873. 

Hellmind,  Julius,  of  Berlin,  the 
inventor  and  manufacturer  of  the 
pedal  piano-forte,  having  two  separate 
actions,  being  a  foot  and  hand  piano, 
suitable  for  organ  practice ;  the  instru- 
ments are  now  made  in  Boston,  Mass. 

Hellmuth,  Frederic,  musician  to 
the  Elector  of  Mentz,  was  born  in  1744. 
Three  sonatas  for  the  harpsichord,  with 
accompaniments  for  violin  and  violon- 
cello, of  Ills  composition,  were  pub- 
lished, 1774. 

Hellmuth,  Carl,  younger  brother 
of  the   preceding,  was    a   musician  at 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


57 


Mentz,  and  husband  to  Joseph  a  Ilell- 
muth,  a  celebrated  singer  in  Germany. 

Helmoee,  TiioMAs,"of  London,  Eng., 
translated  into  English  "^1  Treatise  on 
Choir  and  CJwrus  S/w/ing,"  1854,  from 
the  French  of  F.  J.  Fetis ;  was  secretary 
in  musical  matters  to  the  Cambridge 
Camden  Society. 

Helmsmlteller,  Fkedeeick  B., 
agent  of  the  Germania  Society,  and 
afterwards  band-master  and  composer 
in  New  York;  died  there,  1SG5. 

Helwig,  L.,  a  meritorious  composer; 
died  at  Berlin,  Nov.  28,  1858. 

Hembekger,  F.,  a  German  pianist 
and  good  composer,  resident  in  France. 
He  published,  at  Lyons  and  Paris,  sev- 
eral operas  of  instrumental  and  vocal 
music,  between  the  years  1787  and  1790. 

Hendel,  Georg.  At  Giebichen- 
stein,  in  the  church  books,  was  found 
the  following  entry,  made  April  23, 
168o,  by  Georg  Taust,  the  pastor. 
"  Georg  Hendel,  at  the  age  of  sixty- 
two,  married  Dolly  Taust,  April  23, 
1683;"  and  Feb.  24,  1684,  was  born 
George  Frederick  Handel,  the  com- 
poser. 

HENDRiCKSOisr,  George,  of  Mountain 
"Valley,  Ya.,  compiled  and  pubhshed, 
1840,  the  ^^Union  Harmony,^'  200  pages, 
harmonized  for  three  voices ;  many  of 
the  tunes  are  fugue  and  minor.  He  was 
the  inventor  of  three  new  patent  notes, 
different  from  those  of  Aiken. 

Hensler,  Elise,  born  in  Springfield, 
Mass.,  1833;  went  to  Paris,  1852;  re- 
ceived the  second  prize  at  the  Conserva- 
toire Imperial ;  returned  in  1855 ;  ap- 
peared in  New  York  and  some  of  the 
Southern  cities,  and  afterwards  in  Italy. 

Henzel,  Fred.,  born  at  Dannstadt, 
1833;  an  excellent  musician;  came  to 
this  country,  and  has  been  since  a 
teacher  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  is  also  a  com- 
poser. 

Herbert,  George,  born  near  Mont- 
gomery, Wales,  April  3,  1593 ;  composer 
of  many  hymns  and  anthems,  Avliich  he 
set  and  sung  to  his  lute  and  viol;  was 
accustomed  to  play  his  part  at  music 
meetings ;  just  before  his  death,  he  called 
for  his  instrument,  and  sang  one  of  his 
own  compositions ;  died  April  30,  1632, 
aged  thirty-nine. 

Hering,  Ciiristopii  Elisa,  came  to 
this  country  from  Saxe  Gotha,  1854,  and 
settled  in  New  York  as  a  teacher  of  the 
piano-forte  and  organ;  in  1859,  he  in- 
vented an  improvement  upon  Franklin's 


miisical  glasses,  consisting  of  a  series  of 
bells  of  glass,  strung  one  within  another 
upon  a  pivot,  made  to  revolve  by  a 
pedal ;  the  music  is  produced  by  friction 
of  the  hand  upon  the  glass,  intensified 
by  the  pressure  of  the  fingers  wet  with 
water. 

Hermann,  Nikolaus,  musician  in 
the  time  of  Luther,  and  cantor  in  Joa- 
chimsthal ;  celebrated  for  a  collection  of 
songs  entitled  '''■  Hymns  for  all  Sundays 
and  Feast-days  in  the  Year,  set  to  Mu- 
sic,^' 1560.  On  his  tombstone  is  this 
inscription:  "Nikolaus  Hermann,  a 
good  musician,  who  has  made  many 
good  chorals  and  German  songs,  fell 
asleep  in  the  Lord,  A.D.  1561,  on  the 
third  day  of  May." 

Hermes,  the  Egyptian,  or  Mercury, 
surnamed  Trismegistus,  or  Thrice  Illus- 
trious, and  supposed  by  Sir  Isaac  New- 
ton to  have  been  secretary  of  Osiris,  is 
celebrated  as  the  inventor  of  the  lyre. 
It  is  said,  that,  walking  along  the  banks 
of  the  Nile,  he  struck  his  foot  against  a 
tortoise-shell,  which  emitted  a  sonorous 
sound.  The  idea  of  a  lyre  occurred  to 
his  imagination ;  and  he  constructed  one 
in  the  form  of  a  tortoise,  and  strung  it 
with  the  sinews  of  dead  animals. 

Herold,  L.  J.  F.,  pianist  and  com- 
poser ;  born  at  Paris,  1791 ;  famous  for 
his  operas;  died  at  Thermes,  Jan.  18, 
1833. 

Herz,  Henri,  pianist ;  born  at  Vien- 
na, 1806;  invented  the  dactylon,  an  in- 
strument to  form  the  hand  for  piano- 
forte playing. 

Hess,  JoACinM,  wrote,  1774,  a  work 
concerning  the  organ,  of  great  value. 

Hesse,  a  celebrated  German  organist; 
wrote  much  for  his  instrument ;  died  at 
Breslau,  1863,  aged  fifty-nine. 

Hesse,  Adolpii,  born  1820;  was  or- 
ganist at  St.  Bernhardin;  in  1832  intro- 
duced grand  evening  performances  in 
the  church,  opening  with  a  cantata  and 
strong  orchestra;  these  concerts  were 
repeated  for  several  years. 

Hesse,  Joiiann  Georg  Christian, 
a  celebrated  performer  on  the  bassoon, 
was  born  in  Germany  in  1760.  He  re- 
sided for  some  time  in  England. 

Hesse,  Joiiann  Henrich,  author  of 
"  Kurze  Anweisinm  zum  General  Basse,'' 
published  in  Germany  in  1776.  He  was 
previously  known  as  the  author  of  some 
sacred  songs. 

Hetsch,  Ludavig,  composer  and  di- 
rector at  Mannheim,  died  1872. 


58 


A  DICTIONAET  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Hetsch,  Louis,  born  at  Stuttgard, 
1806;  a  brother  of  the  above,  and 
equally  celebrated  at  Mannheim,  where 
he  resided  many  years. 

Heubeeer,  Ciiaeles  F.,  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  1854  published  "  Polyhymnia,''^ 
consisting  of  music  all  original ;  also  a 
new  singing  method ;  was  a  teacher  and 
composer ;  in  connection  with  Mr.  Pera- 
beau,  published  a  collection  of  glees,  en- 
titled "  The  Eiiphoniay 

Heudier,  Antoixe  Feanqois,  born 
at  Paris  in  1782,  published  some  violin 
music,  and  composed  the  music  of  sev- 
eral melodramas. 

Heugel,  Johaxn,  author  of  several 
pieces  published  in  Salblinger's  "  Con- 
centus  4,  5,  6,  et  8  voces,^'  Augsburg, 
1.545.  He  was  chapel-master  to  the  Mar- 
quis and  Landgrave  of  Hesse-Cassel. 

Heuschkee,  Johaxn  Petee,  a 
chamber-musician  to  the  Duke  of  Hild- 
burghausen,  was  born  in  177o.  He  was 
a  celebrated  performer,  both  on  the 
hautboy  and  on  the  organ,  and  has  pub- 
lished some  instrumental  music. 

Hewlns,  James  M.,  Boston,  Mass., 
published,  1858,  ''Hints  concerning 
Church  Music,  the  Liturr/y,  and  Kindred 
Sid)Jects,^^  a  book  full  of  truth  and  full 
of  prejudices. 

Heavitt,  D.  C,  is  by  birth  a  Scotch- 
man, and  went  to  London  about  the 
year  1819.  He  has  written  a  work  en- 
titled "  New  Principles  and  Theory  of 
Musical  Harmony." 

Hewitt,  Joiix  Hill,  musician,  and 
composer  of  the  oratorio  "  JepJithah's 
Daughter  ;'^  wrote,  among  other  popu- 
lar music,  *'  The  MinstreVs  Beturn  from 
the  TFar;"  was  born  July  11,  1800,  and 
resided,  1874,  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

Hews,  Geoege,  born  1806 ;  composer 
of  sacred  and  secular  music;  was  per- 
manently connected  with  the  musical 
profession  in  Boston,  Mass. ;  was  a 
musical  artist,  a  manufacturer  of  piano- 
fortes, an  organist;  and  for  many  years 
from  1830  an  active  member,  and  Vice- 
president  from  1854  to  1858,  of  the  Han- 
del and  Haydn  Society;  died  July  6, 
1873,  aged  67. 

HiLLER,  F.  A.,  composer  and  violin- 
ist; born  at  Leipsic,  1768.  Adam,  of 
Leipsic,  distinguished  musician,  1766. 
Jon  ANN  A.,  musician  and  author;  born 
at  Leipsic,  1728;  died  1804.  Ferdi- 
nand, composer ;  born  at  Frankf  ort-on- 
the-Maln,  Oct.  24,  1812;  famous,  also, 
as  a  couductc  r  from  1852  to  1872. 


HiMMEL,  Feederic  Heney,  bcm  at 

Treuenbrietzen,  Nov.  20,  1765,  was 
chapel-master  to  the  King  (f  Prussia; 
famous  as  a  pianist  and  con  poser ;  vis- 
ited all  the  courts  of  Europe,  and  there 
wrote  an  immense  number  of  composi- 
tions ;  settled  at  Berlin,  and  died  there, 
1814. 

HiMMEE,  Xavier,  a  wonderful  vio- 
loncellist, Mecklenburg,  1812. 

Hinckley,  Isabella,  born  in  Al- 
bany, N.Y.,  1840;  in  1857,  went  to 
Florence,  where  she  appeared  in  con- 
certs and  in  opera;  after  singing  in  the 
Italian  cities,  at  Amsterdam,  at  Utrecht, 
at  Rotterdam,  Paris,  and  other  places, 
she  was  engaged  for  the  New  York 
opera ;  returning  to  her  native  country, 
she  married  the  opera-singer  Susina,  ap- 
peared in  New  York,  and  died  there, 
after  the  birth  of  a  child,  July  5,  1862, 
aged  22. 

Hindustan  Music.  The  Hindu  di- 
vides the  scale  into  twenty-two  parts, 
making  a  marked  difference  between 
their  intervals  and  those  of  our  scale ; 
yet  some  of  their  melodies  are  pleasing, 
and  have  been  used  in  this  country. 

HiSTOEY  OF  Music.  Blainville,1756; 
Hawkins,  1770 ;  Burney,  1776 ;  Choron, 
1810;  Busby,  1814;  Orloff,  1822;  Ho- 
garth, 1838;  Hood,  1846;  Dingley,  1850; 
Moore,  1852;  Oulibichoff,  1858;  Staf- 
ford, 1861 ;  Tubbs,  1865 ;  Ritter,  1872. 

Hodges,  Daniel  F.,  born  at  Belfast, 
Me.,  Feb.  17.  1834;  teacher  in  Wesleyan. 
Seminary,  and  composer  of  some  songs 
and  church  music ;  has  published  two 
or  three  collections  of  church  music. 

Hodges,  De.  Edw^aed,  born  in  Bris- 
tol, Eng.,  1796;  became  distinguished 
as  an  organist  and  composer  there ;  was 
made  Doctor  of  Music  at  Cambridge, 
1827 ;  came  to  New  York,  1838 ;  planned 
the  swell  organ  of  Bristol,  Eng.,  and 
Trinity  Church,  New  Yoi-k,  where  he 
was  organist;  wrote  much  music,  and 
published  one  collection;  returned  to 
England,  1862;  died  at  Bristol,  Eng., 
Nov.  1,  1867,  aged  72. 

Hodges,  Faustina  H.,  a  daughter  of 
Dr.  Edward  Hodges,  born  in  New  York ; 
an  accomplished  musician  and  com- 
poser; since  his  death,  has  published 
many  of  his  excellent  compositions. 

Hodges,  Jubal,  son  of  Edward 
Hodges  of  Bristol,  Eng.,  came  to  this 
country  with  his  father;  was  gifted  in 
an  extraordinary  way  in  miisic ;  excelled 
as  an  organist,  and  had  an  instinctive 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


knowledge  of  the  laws  of  harmony ;  was 
generally  known  in  the  State  of  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania;  in  June,  1803, 
he  returned  to  England  with  his  father, 
and  died  in  London,  Dec.  15,  1870,  aged 
41. 

Hodges,  Dr.  William  M.,  of  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  acquired  great  popularity 
abroad  as  a  musician ;  died  at  Milan, 
Italy,  April  11,  1872. 

HoDSON,  Geokge,  an  English  com- 
poser and  singer;  died  July,  1869;  his 
father  was  also  a  composer. 

Hoffman,  Riciiakd,  boi-n  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  1828;  pianist  and  composer;  set- 
tled in  New  York. 

Hoffman,  Sophia,  of  England,  born 
1788;  when  nine  months  old  showed 
great  love  for  music;  before  reaching 
the  age  of  two  years  could  play  several 
tunes  correctly:  attracted  much  notice 
from  the  scientific  and  the  curious ;  her 
father  was  a  musician. 

HoFMEiSTER,  Adolpiie,  oiic  of  the 
most  learned  musical  bibliographers  in 
Germany ;  an  authority  on  musical  mat- 
ters ;  died  at  Leipsic,  1872. 

HoGABTii,  George,  well  known  in 
connection  with  the  London  newspaper 
press,  and  as  the  author  of  ^^  Memoirs 
of  the  Opera,"  '^Musical  Biography  and 
Criticism,"  and  a  "  History  of  Music  ;  " 
died  in  London,  Feb.  12,  1870.  aged  86 ; 
was  not  only  a  composer  and  singer,  but 
a  performer  upon  instruments;  was 
selected,  1836,  by  the  Madrigal  Society 
to  sing  in  Tall  is' s  song  of  forty  parts, 
the  only  performance  of  that  song  with- 
in the  memory  of  any  living  musician. 

HoHNSTOCK,  Adelaide,  born  in 
Brunswick,  Germany ;  with  her  brother 
Karl  travelled  in  Europe,  giving  con- 
certs with  much  success ;  they  were  in- 
duced to  come  to  this  country;  settled 
in  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  where  Adelaide 
was  esteemed  as  a  pianist  and  teacher; 
died  of  consumption,  January,  1856. 

HoHNSTOCK,  Karl,  came  to  this  coun- 
try from  Brunswick,  Germany,  with  his 
sister  Adelaide ;  gave  concerts  in  Boston 
and  other  cities,  and  went  to  reside  in 
Philadelphia,  Penn. ;  a  violinist  and 
composer. 

Holden,  Oliver,  a  resident  of 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  published  '^  The 
American  Harmony  "  1793;  the  "  Union 
Harmony  "  and  in  1795,  associated  with 
Hans  Gr;  an  and  Samuel  Holyoke,  seve- 
ral other  music-books;  he  composed 
many  good  psalm-tunes,  some  of  which 


are  popular  at  this  day;  died  1881.  In 
1797,  Mr.  Holden  was  engaged  by  Isaiah 
Thomas  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  to  edit 
and  compile  the  "  Worcester  Collec- 
tion:" he  edited  three  editions  of  that 
work. 

Holder,  Joseph  William,  bachelor 
of  music  at  Oxford,  born  in  London, 
1765;  was  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Royal  Academy  of  Music  and  of  other 
societies ;  his  works  are  numerous,  both 
vocal  and  for  the  piano-forte ;  he  also 
wrote  much  music  for  the  church. 

Holman,  Madame,  pianist;  well 
known  as  connected  with  the  "  Holman 
Opera  Troupe"  a  company  of  boys  and 
girls  possessing  both  vocal  and  histri- 
onic talent,  who  gave  concerts  in  the 
States,  1863. 

Holmes,  Edward,  musician,  and 
writer  upon  the  subject  of  music ;  pub- 
lished '•'■  Ramblin'js  among  the  Musi- 
cians in  Germany"  the  ^^  Life  of 
Mozart"  "  Cultivation  of  Domestic 
Music;"  was  a  contributor  to  the 
^^  Atlas,"  to  '-''Frasefs  Magazine,"  and 
other  publications;  married  a  grand- 
daughter of  Samuel  Webbe,  the  glee 
composer;  died  in  London,  England, 
Aug.  28,  1869. 

Holmes,  John;  of  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, 1848,  made  an  improvement  in 
violins  by  the  combination  of  steel 
wires,  brought  to  great  tension,  and 
fitted  to  the'interior  of  the  instrument. 
C.  E.  Clark  of  Dansville,  N.Y.,  some 
fourteen  years  previous,  applied  the 
same  improvement  to  violoncellos;  the 
strings  or  wires  were  so  constructed  as 
to  be  tuned  by  a  turn-key. 

HoLossY,  Cornelia,  born  in  Hun- 
gary; gained  great  reputation  as  an 
opera-singer  at  St.  Petersburg  and  in 
Italy,  1852. 

HoLROYD,  Israel,  composed  much 
music,  and  wrote  an  historical  account 
of  music,  an  introduction  to  music,  an 
alphabetical  dictionary  of  terms,  and 
some  other  woi-ks  published  in  London, 
England,  1753. 

Holt,  Benjamin,  for  many  years  a 
teacher  of  music  in  Boston,  Mass.,  and 
president  of  the  Handel  and  Haydn  So- 
ciety, whose  compositions  are  in  many 
of  the  American  singing-books;  re- 
moved to  Lancaster,  Mass.,  1853,  and 
died  there,  March  9,  1861,  aged  87;  was 
the  oldest  American  composer  known, 
and  had  been  a  musician  all  his  life. 

HoLYOKE,  Samuel,  born  at  Boxford, 


60 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INF0RMATI0:N'. 


Mass.,  1771;  published  more  voccal  and 
instrumental  music  than  any  American 
of  his  time ;  his  instrumental  music  Avas 
immensely  popular;  taught  music  all 
his  life,  and  was  a  good  composer ;  died 
at  East  Concord,  KH.,  1816. 

HoLZ,  Carl,  a  member  of  the  Schup- 

panzigh    Quartet,   during    Beethoven's 

management,  and  who  attended  to  the 

money  matters  of  the  great  composer; 

died  in  Vienna,  Nov.  9,1858,  aged  60. 

1     HoMEK,  Levi  P.,  of  Boston,  Mass., 

1  composer  and  organist,  was  in  1855  ap- 

'pointed  musical  instructor  to  the  Uni- 

iversity  of  Cambridge,  the  first  appoint- 

(ment  of  the  kind  in  that  institution; 

klied  March,  1862. 

»  Hood,  George,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  in  1846  published  ""A  History  of 
Music  in  New  England,''^  a  small  but 
very  valuable  work;  also  the  "  Southern 
Church  Melodist,''^  192  pages. 

Hood,  Thomas,  author  of  "TAe  Song 
of  a  Shii't,^'  had  no  ear  for  music,  or  capa- 
city for  voice  modulation ;  he  sang  one 
solitary  song,  beginning  "Up  jumiDcd  the 
Mackerel,"  &c. 

Hook,  James,  was  born  at  Norwich, 
in  the  year  1746.  His  early  attachment 
to  the  art,  by  which  he  rendered  him- 
self so  popular  in  England,  was  not 
more  remarkable  than  the  immense 
number  of  his  musical  productions. 
These,  which  amount  to  more  than  a 
hundred  and  forty  complete  works,  con- 
sist chiefly  of  musical  entertainments 
for  the  theatres,  concertos,  sonatas,  and 
duets  for  the  piano-forte,  and  an  excellent 
instruction-book  for  that  instrument. 

Hook,  Theodore  Edward,  born  in 
London,  England,  Sept.  22,  1788;  com- 
posed a  comic  opera,  1805,  words  and 
music  by  himself;  had  the  rare  gift  of 
improvisation,  and  was  a  performer  upon 
the  piano-forte;  died  at  Fulham,  Aug. 
24,  1841,  aged  53. 

Hooker,  Edward  W.,  born  at 
Goshen,  Conn.,  Nov.  24,  1794;  pub 
lished  several  important  tracts  u 
music,  among  which  his  "  PleaXfor 
Sacred  Music  "  will  outlive  its  ajmior. 

Hooper,  Edmund,  organist/5t  West- 
minster Abbey,  and  gentleinf^n  of  the 
Chapel  Royal  (where  he  >mso  acted  as 
organist),  was  one  of  tjre  composers  of 
the  psalms,  in  four  jiarts,  published  in 
1594,  and  some  of  the  anthems  in  Bar- 
nard's collection;^  died  in  1621. 

Hopkins,  Charles  J.,  organist.  New 
York ;  was  instrumental  in  founding  the 


'^American  Musical  Association,^^  1856; 
which,  wanting  support,  was  disbanded 
1858. 

Hopkins,  E.  J.,  of  London,  England; 
organist,  and  author  of  an  elaborate 
work  on  the  construction  of  the  organ, 
ia55. 

Hopkins,  John  Henry,  born  in 
Dublin,  Ireland,  Jan.  30,  1792;  came  to 
the  United  States.  1800 ;  became  bishop 
of  the  diocese  of  Vermont,  and  presid- 
ing bishop  of  the  P.E.  Church  in  the 
United  States ;  of  his  musical  composi- 
tions, the  best  known  are  "  Tioelve  Can- 
zonets.^^ 

Hopkins,  Jerome,  musician,  com- 
poser, and  editor  of  the  ''■Philharmonic 
Journal,''''  New  York;  born  at  Burling- 
ton, Vt.,  April  4, 1836;  became  an  organ- 
ist at  the  age  of  twelve  years ;  has  written 
piano-forte  pieces,  songs,  organ-concert 
fugues,  church  music,  and  orchestral 
and  choral  works;  is  well  known  for 
the  establishment  of  ''  Orphean  Free 
Schools^'  for  tlie  poor,  and  as  a  pianist.         ; 

Hopkins,  ^■tlie  person  engaged  with  .\^ 
Sternhold  iiifll^troducing metrical  psalm-  V^ 
ody.  V, 

HoPKiNSON,  Joseph,  born  at  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  Nov.  12, 1770;  celebrated 
as  the  author  of  "Hail  Columbia,'^  writ- 
ten 1798 ;  died  June  15,  1842. 

HoRMANN,  J.,  a  musician  at  Vienna, 
published  there  some  music  for  the 
piano-forte  in  the  year  180O;  died  at 
Copenhagen,  1870. 

Horn,  C.  F.,  a  native  of  Germany; 
famous  teacher  in  London  from  1782  to 
1811 ;  also  a  composer.  Charles  E., 
son  of  C.  F.,  born  in  London,  1786 ;  com- 
poser and  vocalist.  Henry,  harpist, 
born  in  Paris,  1789.  Johann  C,  a 
famous  writer  on  music.  Charles  E., 
an  English  vocalist  and  composer,  born 
1793;  came  to  this  country,  and  died  in 
Boston,  Oct.  21,  1849. 
^  HoRSLEY,  Charles  Edward,  son  of 
William,  the  distinguished  English  glee- 
writer;  came  to  New  York,  and  was 
made  director  of  the  Church  Music  As- 
sociation, 1872;  his  ^'Comus"  was  per- 
formed for  the  first  time  in  New  York, 
April,  1874. 

HoRSLEY,  William,  born  in  London, 
1774;  was  made  organist  of  the  orphan 
asylum,  1802;  became  celebrated  as  a 
composer,  and  wrote  a  great  amount  of 
vocal  and  instrumental  music;  died  in 
London,  June,  1858. 

HoTTEMAN,   SiEUR,  of  France,  was 


4, 


^c./^/i-: 


.f  ^  Xa-uj^v^v,  Irv  I  -Cvnv^HrK,    i-'^  ' 


,  ll/T)  ,  Jh-Jiy^c-     ry/i'CT' 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


61 


the  inventor  of  the  tlieorho,  an  instru- 
ment with  two  necks  and  eight  strings ; 
the  long  neck  sustains  the  "four  lowest 
strings. 

Hottentot  Music,  as  well  as  their 
instruments,  seems  rude  and  harbarous ; 
it  is  generally  connected  with  dancing. 
Tlieir  instruments  are,  a  triangular  board 
having  strings;  a  hollow  portion  of  a 
tree,  one  end  covered  with  skin;  and  an 
instrument  played  with  a  bow. 

Hough,  Geokge,  publisher  of  the 
*'  Concord  Observer,"  was  a  choir  leader 
and  singer  at  Concord,  N.H.,  for  many 
years;  published,  1808,  ^^ Modern  Har- 
mony.'''' The  music  was  written  upon  a 
new  plan  :  for  characters,  A  represented 
a  whole  note ;  A,  a  half  note ;  a,  a  quarter 
note;  the  Italic  capital  A,  the  eighth 
note ;  and  a,  the  sixteenth.  He  used  the 
wooden  box  intch-pipe  in  his  choir. 

HousER,  William,  of  Spiere's  Turn- 
out, Ga.,  published  at  Philadelphia, 
Penn,,  1848,  "  TAe  Hesperian  Harp,'' 
576  pages,  using  the  j)<^t€nt  notes  of 
Smith  and  Little ;  a  composer  and  music- 
teacher  of  much  reputation  South.  This 
is  one  of  the  largest  books  of  church 
music  published,  and  contains  much  of 
the  popular  music  sung  at  the  South. 

HowAiiD,  Frank  (Delos  Gardner 
Spalding,  his  real  name),  born  at 
Athens,  Penn.,  1833;  a  self-taught  per- 
former upon  several  instruments ;  after 
wandering  in  the  world  twenty  years, 
settled  in  Chicago,  111.,  in  1853,  and 
became  known  as  a  song-composer; 
wrote  more  than  one  hundred  songs  that 
were  popular. 

Howell,  Thomas,  born  at  Bristol, 
England,  1783;  was  a  celebrated  flutist, 
and  teacher  of  music;  invented  the 
Musical  Game  for  teaching  the  degrees 
in  the  treble  and  bass  clefs. 

HowsoN,  Frank,  an  English  singer, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  concert  com- 
pany of  Catherine  Hayes  and  Anna 
Bishop,  at  Australia,  1842;  died  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  March,  1870,  aged  52. 

HowsoN,  Frank,  Sen.,  father  of  the 
above,  barytone  of  the  well-known  Hoav- 
son  Family  of  operatic  singers,  who 
originated  English  opera  in  Australia; 
died  at  Omaha",  Neb.,  1869. 

HucBALD  was  a  monk  at  St.  Ar- 
mand,  in  Flanders,  who  lived  at  the 
end  of  the  ninth  and  the  beginning  of 
the  tenth  centuries.  His  ^' MusicaEn- 
chiriadio "  is  composed  of  nineteen 
chapters,  most  of  which  are  specially 


devoted  to  hannony.  He  was  the  first 
author  of  the  middle  ages  who  treated 
of  harmony  with  the  necessary  practical 
details.  The  ancient  alphabets  liad 
been  succeeded  by  a  notation  in  points, 
signs  upon  the  absolute  value  of  which 
the  learned  are  not  agreed.  These  signs 
had  at  first  but  the  appearance  of  apos- 
trophes or  accents;  but,  becoming  too 
complicated,  aliorizontal  line  was  intro- 
duced,—  the  first  element  of  the  staff, — 
giving  something  of  geometrical  regu- 
larity to  the  quantitative  signs,  which 
still  were  in  the  main  arbitrary  in  form. 
The  art  of  reading  the  point  notation 
has  been  lost,  and  tradition  gives  no 
method  of  learning  the  manner  of  exe- 
cuting such  music. 

HuERTA,  who  enjoyed  the  reputation 
of  being  the  best  guitarist  in  Spain,  at 
the  age  of  seventeen,  1820,  composed 
^"Blerjo'sHymn,''  which  has  become  the 
Spanish  Marseillaise,  and  is  heard  at 
every  patriotic  manifestation  in  Madrid ; 
became  a  resident  of  Paris,  1809. 

Hughes,  an  Englishman,  blind  him- 
self, in  1847  invented  a  system  of  em- 
bossed music  for  tlie  blind ;  it  represents 
all  the  musical  signs,  including  fingering 
and  every  variety  of  chords ;  the  system 
makes  use  of  raised  dots  which  are  read 
by  the  fingers ;  in  1855,  associated  with 
Denman,  he  exhibited  a  piano-forte 
with  two  rows  of  keys,  bringing  twice 
the  number  of  notes  under  the  same 
stretch  of  liand. 

HuLLAH,  John,  composer  and  music- 
teacher,  born  in  Worcester,  England, 
1812;  first  became  known  by  his  comic 
opera,  "The  Village  Coquettes,"  1836; 
produced  two  other  operas,  and  then 
became  famous  for  his  popular  singing 
schools  in  London;  St.  Martin's  JEIail 
was  built  for  liim ;  wrote  many  songs, 
exercises,  and  studies  of  great  value. 

Hummel,  Johann  Nepomuk,  the 
great  composer  and  pianist,  born  at 
Presburg,  Nov.  14,  1778;  played  the 
violin  at  the  age  of  four  years ;  as 
pianist  became  noted  in  all  Europe,  and 
composed  much  dramatic,  church,  and 
instrumental  music ;  died  Oct.  17,  1837, 
at  Weimar. 

Humphreys,  Pelham,  a  celebrated 
English  composer  of  anthems,  was  ad- 
mitted one  of  tlie  gentlemen  of  Charles's 
chapel,  1066,  and  was  a  prolific  com- 
poser ;  died  in  1074,  aged  27. 

Hungarian  Music  is  of  Magyar 
origin;  it  has  advanced  from  the  time 


LI/  utxrt^(n->^,    ii^  M^i,  u/),,/0 , 


^^vu^-g^;^'); 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


that  people  settled  in  Europe,  and  is 
noAv  cultivated  with  care. 

IIuNTiNGToisr,  Jonathan,  a  well- 
known  teacher  of  music  at  Northamp- 
ton, Mass.,  in  1804  assisted  William 
Cooper  in  preparing  a  music-book  for 
publication;  and  in  1807  publisbed 
'*  The  Apollo  Harmony,''^  with  some  new 
music. 

HuTCHiNSOif,  Jesse,  and  Mary  L., 
his  Avife,  were  both  singers,  living  in 
Milford,  N.H.,  1777:  their  family  con- 
sisted of  sixteen  sons  and  daughters, 
all  singers  and  musicians.  The  father 
died  1850,  aged  73;  the  mother  died 
Sept.  20,  1870,  aged  83.  Of  the  sixteen 
children,  Jesse,  the  first  son,  died  aged 
nine  years ;  David  is  a  bass-singer,  now 
living ;  Noah,  a  tenor-singer,  died  1873 ; 
Mary,  the  first  daughter,  died  aged  four 
years;  Andrew  was  a  good  vocalist, 
and  died  in  Boston,  Mass.,  aged  52; 
Zephaniah  acquired  a  musical  educa- 
tion, and  died  in  Illinois,  aged  40; 
Caleb,  a  gifted  vocalist,  died  aged  42; 
Joshua,  the  eighth  child,  a  twin  brother 
of  Caleb,  is  well  nown  as  a  concert 
singer  and  the  author  of  a  Narrative  of 
the  family,  resides  at  Milford.  Jesse, 
the  2d,  was  educated  a  printer,  and  was 
also  a  musical  director  and  writer  for 
the  newspapers;  died  near  Cincinnati. 
O.,  May  15,  1853,  aged  40,  on  a  return 
concert  trip  from  California.  Judson 
wrote  much  music,  and  was  a  violinist 
and  musician;  died  Jan.  11,  1854,  at 
Lynn,  Mass. ;  Rhoda,  a  contralto,  was 
one  of  the  home  branch  singers ;  John 
was  a  musician  and  composer  of  note, 
is  living  West;  Asa  had  a  voice  of  great 
compass  and  power;  resides  at  Hutch- 
inson, Minn.;  Elizabeth  died  young; 
Abby  is  well  known  as  one  of  the  trav- 
elling company,  consisting  of  Jesse, 
John,  Asa,  and  Abby.  The  whole  tribe 
were  musical ;  and  different  members  of 
the  family  have  formed  different  com- 
panies, sometimes  with  relatives,  thus 
keeping  the  number  good ;  David, 
Joshua,  John,  Rhoda,  Asa,  and  Abby 
are  yet  (1875)  living;  Joshua  and  his 
friend  Walter  Kittredge  now  represent 
the  family,  and  give  concerts  annually 
in  the  States.  The  compositions  of  the 
different  members  of  the  tribe  are  many 
and  well  known.  Of  the  sixteen  chil- 
dren, ten  have  died.    Two  of  the  com- 


panies,  one  led  by  Judson,  and  one  by 
Joshua,  were  famous;  Judson's  com- 
pany travelled  in  Europe. 

HUTTENBRENNER,    AnSELM,    a    COm- 

poser  who  was  a  contemporary  of  Bee- 
thoven ;  died  at  Gratz,  18(38. 

HuxTABLE,  Anthony,  was  an  emi- 
nent musician  and  violinist  at  the 
opera  and  principal  concerts  in  London. 
When  he  retired  from  London,  he  set- 
tled near  South  Molton,  in  Devonshire, 
as  a  professor  of  the  violin  and  piano. 
He  led  all  the  public  concerts  in  the 
neighborhood ;  died  in  1818. 

HuxTABLE,  Christopher,  began  the 
piano-forte  and  violin  under  his  father's 
tuition,  and  performed  in  public  when 
very  young.  He  was  organist  of  Barn- 
staple, in  Devonshire,  and  professor  of 
the  piano-forte  and  violin. 

HuxTABLE,  William,  professor  of 
the  piano-forte  and  harp  at  Barnstaple, 
shared  the  same  musical  education  as 
his  brother;  was  also  one  of  the  first 
violin  performers  at  the  public  concerts 
in  his  neighborhood. 

Hyagnis,  a  native  of  Celeenae,  the 
capital  of  Phrygia,  and  contemporary 
with  Erechtheus,  who  instituted  the 
Panathensean  games  at  Athens,  1506 
years  before  Christ,  was  the  inventor  of 
the  flute  and  Phrygian  mode,  as  well  as 
of  the  names,  or  airs  that  were  sung  to 
the  mother  of  the  gods,  to  Bacchus,  to 
Pan,  and  to  some  other  divinities  and 
heroes  of  that  country. 

Hyde.  A  celebrated  English  per- 
former on  the  trumpet. 

Hydraulicon,  a  v/ater  organ,  acted 
upon  by  water,  which,  on  being  pumped, 
impelled  the  air  into  the  pipes. 

Hydraulic  Organs,  used  in  Rome 
in  the  time  of  Plutarch ;  they  ceased  to 
be  used  after  the  fall  of  the  Roman 
empire. 

Hyer  Sisters,  Anna  and  Emma, 
colored ;  successful  in  the  States  as  con- 
cert singers  ;  went  to  Europe,  1874. 

Hy.mn  Writers.  That  man  has  not 
lived  in  vain  who  has  written  one  hjTun 
that  lives  in  the  hearts  and  on  the 
tongues  of  the  people.  Just  as  music 
has  touched  chords  that  are  common  to 
all  hearts,  travels  from  land  to  land 
with  its  burden  of  harmony,  so  do 
different  hymns  find  their  home  in 
different  countries  and  languages. 


^ 


i^-uJ~.;^lUcy>^^ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFOEMATION. 


I. 


Iambics.  In  the  ancient  music  there 
were  two  kinds  of  Iambic  verses ;  one  of 
which  was  recited  to  the  sound  of  in- 
struments, and  the  other  sung. 

Ignatius,  St.,  first  introduced  anti- 
phonal  singing  among  Christians. 

ILGEN,  K.  i).,  horn'in  Thuringia  1768; 
a  musical  writer. 

Imbault,  J.  J.,  violinist;  born  at 
Paris,  1753 ;  author  of  valuable  works. 

Impkessixg  Musicians.  In  1454,  it 
was  so  difficult  to  procure  musicians, 
that  Henry  VI.  gave  orders  to  impress 
them;  Heniy  VIII.  gave  power  to  im- 
press good  voices  for  the  choirs ;  and  in 
1550,  Edward  VI.,  and  later  Queen 
Elizabeth,  impressed  good  voices,  and 
educated  them  for  the  Church  of  St. 
Paul. 

Incledon,  C,  eminent  vocalist ;  born 
in  Corn  Avail,  1764;  died  at  Worcester, 
England,  Feb.  11,  1826. 

India  has  a  system  of  notation,  and 
a  scale  like  that  of  Europe;  but 
the  tones  are  divided  into  semi  and 
quarter  tones.  Hindoo  and  Brahmin 
works  on  music  are  met  with,  also  fine 
voices. 

Indian  Singing.  The  Psalms  were 
translated  into  Indian  verse,  1661,  by 
John  Eliot,  and  printed  at  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  by  Mr.  Green;  in  1689  the  In- 
dians had  learned  to  sing;  and  in  1705 
Jonathan  George,  an  Indian,  could 
pitch  the  tune  for  a  psalm,  and  whole 
congregations  of  Indians  could  join  in 
singing. 

Indian  or  Mohawk  Version  of  the 
Psalms  and  Hymns  was  published  in 
London,  for  the  use  of  Christian  Indian 
tribes,  1787 ;  and  a  work  with  the  same 
title  appeared  for  the  Six  Nations  of 
Indians,  published  at  Toronto,  Canada, 
1839. 

Indicator  Apparatus  for  telling 
the  names  of  the  notes  of  music,  in- 
vented by  George  Calkin. 

Infantas,  Ferdinand  de  Las,  a 
composer  of  the  sixteenth  century. 
Several  of  his  sacred  compositions  were 
published  at  Venice,  between  the  years 
1570  and  1583. 

Influence  of  Music.  Baron  Cu- 
vier  asserted  that  the  lion,  savage  and 
blood-thiisty  as  he  is,  could  be  entirely 


controlled  by  the  notes  of  the  flute  or 
the  guitar.  Sir  William  Jones  said 
music  operates  upon  the  lower  animals 
by  awakening  uncontrollable  instincts 
and  sympathies.  In  Persia,  a  lutanist, 
playing,  noticed  that  the  nightingales 
in  the  trees  vied  with  him  until  they 
fell  to  the  ground  in  ecstasy,  from  which 
they  were  roused  by  a  change  in  the 
music.  Wilson  says  some  officers  con- 
fined in  the  Bastille  with  him,  whenever 
they  played  upon  their  musical  instru- 
ments, were  surrounded  by  spiders 
and  mice.  An  English  naval  officer, 
who,  at  the  close  of  day,  usually  played 
more  or  less  upon  the  violin,  says  a 
mouse  came  out  of  his  hole  regularly, 
to  enjoy  the  music.  In  Eastern  coun- 
tries musicians  are  employed  to  charm 
snakes,  and  lead  them  away  from  houses 
and  streets,  A  New  England  flute-player, 
while  in  the  mountain  region,  observed 
a  huge  black-snake  in  front  of  him, 
erect,  and  darting  forth  his  tongue,  pre- 
paratory to  an  attack ;  seeing  no  chance 
of  retreat,  and  having  his"  flute  with 
him,  he  placed  it  to  his  mouth,  and 
commenced  a  soothing  strain,  when  the 
fire  left  the  eye  of  the  snake,  and  it  lay 
quietly  on  the  ground,  as  if  dead.  The 
Indian  and  Hottentot  liave  been  known 
to  weep  under  the  influence  of  music. 
Some  insane  people  have  been  restored 
to  reason  by  music.  A  Grecian  cured 
hypochondria  by  the  melody  of  his  flute; 
and  removed  sciatica,  or  rheumatism,  by 
the  notes  of  a  trumpet. 

Ingalls,  Jeremiah,  born  in  Ando- 
ver,  Mass.,  March  1,  1764;  was  a  teacher, 
composer,  and  performer  on  the  violon- 
cello; taught  music  in  Massachusetts, 
New  Hampshire,  and  Vermont  many 
years;  published  at  Exeter,  N.H.,  "  T/ie 
Christian  Harmony,^'  1805;  married  and 
settled  in  Newbury,  Vt. ;  in  1810,  re- 
moved to  Rochester,  and  finally  to  Han- 
cock, Vt.,  where  he  died,  April  0,  1838. 

Ingegneri,  Marco  Antonio,  a 
celebrated  composer  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  chapel-master  of  the  cathedral 
at  Cremona;  published  several  works  of 
sacred  music  and  madrigals  at  Venice, 
previous  to  the  year  1592. 

Innocent  XL,  born  at  Como,  1611; 
after  becoming  pope,  issued  a  bull,  1686, 


64 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


forbidding  all  women  learning  to  sing, 
or  play  upon  any  instrument;  and  or- 
dered the  nuns,  who  had  for  a  century 
taken  a  part  in  the  musical  exercises  of 
the  church,  to  learn  of  no  other  than 
their  sister  nuns. 

Instruction  in  Composition,  D.  V. 
Adam,  Madrid,  1786. 

Instrumental  Concertos,  intro- 
duced into  the  church  at  Rome,  by  A. 
Agazzari,  1510. 

Instrumental  Music  is  such  as  is 
composed  for  instruments,  in  which  the 
voice  has  no  part. 

Instruments.  The  chronological  his- 
tory of  music  and  musical  instruments, 
coeval  with  man,  is  lost  in  the  labyrinth 
of  fable ;  but  the  oldest  existing  records 
mention  instruments,  as  well  as  the 
voice,  employed  for  the  purpose  of  har- 
mony. Ancient  instruments  are  occa- 
sionally found  among  the  ruins  of  anti- 
quity, and  we  know  when  some  of  them 
were  used.  The  first  upright  harpsi- 
chord was  made  by  a  person  named 
Shudi,  about  1770.  The  first  (horizon- 
tal) grand  piano-forte  is  attributed  to  a 
Mr.  Bacckus,  seven  years  later.  In 
1780  Robert  8toddart,  England,  "made 
the  first  upright  grand  piano-forte." 
Southwell,  in  1790,  produced  the  first 
cabinet  piano-forte. 

Interrupted  Marriage,  an  opera 
composed  by  J.  R.  Fairlamb. 

Intonation.  All  human  passions, 
in  all  nations  and  in  all  states  of  society, 
are  associated  with  certain  intonations 
of  voice ;  and  the  great  actors  and  musi- 
cians are  those  who  can  imitate  these 
tones  with  the  greatest  perfection.  Such 
is  the  law  of  nature;  and  upon  this  law 
the  laws  of  expressive  melody  are  built. 

Iperen,  Josua  van,  a  Dutch  cler- 
gyman, who  died  at  Batavia  in  1780; 
published  several  musical  works  at  Am- 
sterdam, 1778, 

Irish  Harp.  This  had  a  greater 
number  of  strings  than  the  lyre;  yet 
for  ages  harpists  only  played  melodies, 
as  counterpoint  was  unknown. 

Irish  Music.  The  Irish  are  essen- 
tially a  musical  people ;  their  songs  are 
sung  throughout  the  world,  and  are 
everywhei-e  admired  and  applauded. 
The  harp  was  early  used,  and  music  was 
early  cultivated,  in  Ireland;  the  Italians 
derived  the  harp  from  this  people; 
church  music  also  flourished  in  Ireland 
previous  to  the  seventh  century,  having 
been  introduced  from  Gaul.    Irish  his- 


torians contend  that  their  country  is  the 
celebrated  Hyperborean  Isle,  and  that 
music  is  the  native  production  of  the 
soil.  Cambrenis,  who  did  not  admire 
the  Irish,  admitted  their  perfection  in 
music,  Handel  declared  that  he  would 
rather  be  the  author  of  Carolan's  *^  Ail- 
een  Aroon,^^  than  of  all  his  own  compo- 
sitions. 

Irish  Pipes  are  different  from  the 
Scotch ;  they  can  sound  a  strain  almost 
as  loud  as  the  trumpet,  and  can  breathe 
forth  very  soft  tones;  but  the  instru- 
ment is  now  little  known. 

Irrig,  Sebastian,  a  German  musi- 
cian, published  at  Paris,  in  1756,  twelve 
sonatas  for  the  harpsichord,  in  the  style 
of  Albertini. 

Isaac,  Heinrich,  chapel-master  to 
the  Emperor  Maximilian  I. ;  born  in  the 
year  1440.  In  1475  he  held  the  situa- 
tion of  chapel-master  at  the  church  of 
San  Giovanni  at  Florence. 

Isabella,  Queen,  of  Spain,  was  a 
performer  upon  the  harp  and  piano- 
forte ;  and  a  singer  at  private  concerts, 
at  one  of  which  her  mother  assisted. 

IsAURE,  Clemence,  founded  the 
Academy  of  the  Jeux  Floraux,  at  Tou- 
louse, 1824;  one  of  the  oldest  musical 
institutions  in  existence. 

Isham,  John,  was  the  deputy  of  Dr. 
Croft  for  several  years.  He  died  in 
1726,  liaving  met  with  very  little  en- 
couragement in  his  musical  studies, 
though  he  wrote  sundry  valuable  com- 
positions for  the  use  of  tlie  church. 

IsiDOR,  Rose,  gained,  1874,  great 
popularity  as  a  singer  in  Spain ;  made 
her  debut  at  the  Malta  Opera  House, 
and  after  repeated  triumphs  went  to 
London,  Eng. 

IsiNARDi,  Paolo,  a  celebrated  poet 
and  composer,  born  at  Ferrara,  flour- 
ished there  in  the  second  half  of  the  six- 
teenth century ;  composed  a  great  num- 
ber of  sonnets  and  madrigals,  as  also 
sacred  music. 

Ismenias,  a  celebrated  musician  of 
Thebes,  who,  according  to  Lucian, 
gave  three  talents,  or  £581  5s.,  for  a 
flute,  at  Corinth. 

Iso,  a  French  musician,  brought  out 
at  the  Academy  of  Music,  in  1759,  the 
two  following  operas:  " Phetiise,^'  and 
"  Zemkle.'^ 

IsoLA,  Gaetano,  a  Genoese  com- 
poser, wrote  in  the  year  1791,  for  the 
theatre  at  Turin,  the  serious  opera,  "ia 
Conquista  del  Velio  d^Oro.^' 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


65 


IsouAED,  NicoLO,  was  born  at  Malta 
in  1775 ;  after  having  composed  for  the 
different  theatres  of  Italy  and  Malta, 
he  established  himself  at  Paris,  where 
he  wrote  seventeen  operas,  both  comic 
and  serious.  Nicolo  played  on  the  organ, 
harmonica,  and  several  other  instru- 
ments, with  superior  ability.  He  died 
in  the  midst  of  his  career. 

Israel  Restored,  an  oratorio.  Dr. 
Boxfield,  Baywater,  England,  1849. 

Italian  Music  is  characterized  for 
its  predominance  of  melody  over  har- 
mony. As  Italy's  climate,  so  is  also  her 
music.  Both,  however,  often  enervate. 
Italian  music  can  easily  be  understood, 
it  requiring  but  little  thought  or  study 
to  appreciate  it.  It  will  please  at  the 
first  hearing,  but  often  loses  its  charms 
by  repetition.  Hence  it  is  welcomed  by 
a  class  of  persons  who  would  receive 
German  music  coldly,  for  the  very  con- 
trary reasons.  Italy's  climate  being 
favorable  to  the  human  voice  and  its 
culture,  she  educates  many,  and  sends 
her  singers,  as  she  does  her  organ-grind- 
ers, to  all  capitals  of  Europe  and  to  this 
country,  taking  with  them  their  native 


operas.  Were  it  not  for  this  we  should 
hear  less  of  Italian  music. 

Italian  Opera  was  performed  1624, 
and  the  Italian  school  is  yet  unequalled 
in  improving  voices. 

Ives,  E.,  of  New  York  City,  pub- 
lished, 1847,  a  series  of  music  books  for 
school  use;  also  the  ''Mozart  Collec- 
tion," "  Beethoven  Collection,"  ''Musical 
Wreath,"  and  "American  Psalmody;" 
was  a  teacher  and  composer. 

Ives,  Simon.  Many  catches  and 
rounds  of  Ives's  are  to  be  found  in 
"Hilton's  Collection,"  and  in  Playford's 
"  Musical  Companion ;  "  as  are  also 
some  songs,  among  the  airs  and  dia- 
logues published  in  his  time.  He  died 
in  the  parish  of  Christchurch,  London, 
in  1662. 

IvoFF,  General,  composer  of  a 
Russian  national  hymn,  very  popular; 
an  accomplished  musician;  died  Dec. 
28,  1870. 

IzAAK,  Henry,  author  of  a  mass 
found  in  the  library  at  Brussels,  in  1842, 
entitled  "  De  Assumptione  Beatm  Marias 
Virginis."  He  was  chief  musician  to 
the  Emperor  Maximilian  I.,  about  1430. 


J. 


Jackson,  G.  K.  A  manuscript  book, 
containing  310  pages  of  miscellaneous 
works  for  instruments  and  singing, 
books  of  harmony,  and  a  system  of 
tuning,  &c.,  used  in  his  school,  for  the 
instruction  of  his  scholars,  has  come 
down  to  us.  There  seem  to  have  been 
three  musicians  and  composers  in  this 
family:  the  volume  contains  "A  Pas- 
toral Drama,  1753,  set  to  Music  by  Joseph 
Jackson"  and  several  compositions  by 
George  Jackson,  1755. 

Jackson,  John  B.,  of  Pumkintown, 
East  Tenn.,  published  1838,  "  Knox- 
ville  Harmony,"  the  tunes  in  which,  it 
is  stated,  are  original  compositions. 

Jackson,  Samuel,  organist  at  St. 
Bartholomew's  Church,  in  New  York, 
published  a  "  Te  Deum  "  in  E  [?  in  1851 ; 
and  in  1848  a  collection  of  music  called 
^'Sacred  Harmony"  was  published  in 
"Buckwheat"  notes,  which  was  com- 
piled by  one  of  this  name ;  it  may  have 
been  another  Samuel  Jackson ;  it  was 
printed  by  the  Methodist  Book  Concern. 

Jackson,  William,  a  native  of  York- 
shire, England,  an  eminent  author  and 


composer;  chiefly  known  in  this  coun- 
try, since  1852,  by  his  "  Deliverance  of 
Israel." 

Jackson,  William,  an  eminent  mu- 
sical composer,  and  a  man  of  letters, 
was  born  in  1730,  at  Exeter,  where  he 
settled  for  life  as  a  teacher,  performer, 
and  composer  of  music.  His  talents  in 
musical  composition  were  first  made 
known  in  1775,  and  it  is  by  his  vocal 
compositions  that  he  has  acquired  the 
greatest  reputation ;  died  1803. 

Jacob,  Benjamin,  born  in  London, 
1778;  became  organist  of  Salem  Chapel 
at  the  age  of  ten  years,  and  later  was 
very  much  celebrated  as  a  performer  at 
all  the  great  festivals;  he  was  also  a 
teacher,  and  conductor  of  concerts; 
composed  some  glees  and  psalmody, 
and  wrote  a  work  on  harmony;  died 
1829. 

Jacob,  G.,  a  Benedictine  monk,  and 
famous  composer. 

Jacob,  the  violinist  of  Paris,  died 
1770. 

Jacobi,  Conrad,  a  director  of  music 
at  Dessau ;  died  there  in  1811. 


(,.Vb.i^./;;^ 


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V 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MIJSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Jacobi,  Michael,  a  singer  at  Lune- 
burg ;  he  performed  also  on  the  violin, 
lute,  and  flute,  from  1661  to  1663. 

Jacobi,  Samuel  Franz,  conductor 
and  organist  at  the  Palace  Church  in 
Wittenburg  in  1730. 

JACOBITUS,  Petrus  Amicus,  pub- 
lished at  Venice,  in  1589,  "  Motetti  a  4, 
5,  e  6  wet,"  Op.  1. 

J ACOPONUS,  a  monk  in  the  fourteenth 
century,  is  the  author  of  the  text  and 
first  melody  to  the  "  Stabat  Mater  Dolo- 
rosa.^ ^ 

Jadin,  Louis,  eminent  at  Paris  as  a 
pianist  and  composer,  1796  to  1810. 

Jaeger,  Johann,  a  violoncellist  to 
the  Margrave  of  Anspach,  was  born  in 
1745. 

Jaeger,  Johann  Zach arias  L., 
born  at  Anspach  in  1777,  was  only 
eleven  years  of  age  when  he  was  named 
chamber-musician  and  violoncellist  in 
the  chapel  of  the  Margrave  of  Anspach. 

Jaell,  Alfred,  born  at  Trieste, 
March  5,  1830,  was  a  violinist  at  the 
age  of  six  years,  but  became  celebrated 
as  a  pianist  in  1843;  gave  concerts 
throughout  Europe  with  great  success ; 
came  to  this  country  in  1853,  and  gave 
concerts  in  all  the  principal  cities  of  the 
Union. 

Jaell,  M.,  father  of  the  above,  was 
a  violinist  and  leader  of  an  orchestra  in 
Vienna ;  afterwards  established  a  music 
school  in  Trieste ;  died  at  Brussels,  Sept. 
1,  1849. 

J  AHN,  August  WiLHELM  Friedrich, 
born  at  Arnstadt  in  the  year  1780,  was 
considered  an  excellent  pianist,  and 
also  a  good  performer  on  the  violin, 
violoncello,  flute,  and  hautboy. 

Jahn,  Otto,  published,  1856,  in 
Germany,  a  new  ''Life  of  Mozart,'^ 
made  up  from  the  Mozart  letters  pre- 
served at  Salzburg,  and  extending  from 
1777  to  1784. 

Jamard,  of  Rouen,  1769,  extended 
the  theory  of  Balliere,  built  on  the 
principle  of  the  harmony  of  the  column 
of  air,  from  the  sound  of  the  French 
horn,  until  he  arrived  at  the  scale  of 
the  music  of  birds. 

James  I.,  king  of  Scotland,  an  accom- 
plished musician,  composed  the  ''Jolly 
Becfgar,''  and  other  works ;  died  Dec.  11, 
1542.  Increased  the  pay  of  musicians, 
and  gave  them  an  act  of  incorporation. 

James,  John,  an  organist,  and  com- 
poser for  his  instrument,  in  London; 
died  about  the  year  1745.    The  style  of 


hi\  compositions  was  dignified  and  sci- 
entific. 

James,  Mrs.  C.  Varian,  born  in 
Eastport,  Me.,  after  eight  years  in  Italy 
sang  atx  Rome  ;  and  returned  to  the 
United  States,  November,  1858,  when 
she  was\engaged  for  the  opera  at 
Havana. 

Jan,  M.  David,  a  Dutch  composer  at 
the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury ;  set  the^  one  hundred  and  fifty 
psalms  of  David  to  music  for  four,  five, 
six,  seven,  and  eight  voices,  which  he 
published  at  Amsterdam  in  the  year 

1600.  \        /4<iUvYl).    6ina^. 

Janes,  WALTER>/sPcdhamT-^fft6s., 
published  "Harmonic  Minstrelsy,"  104 
pages,  1807,  containing  sacred  music  in 
three  and  four  parts. 

J ANi,  Johann,  a  composer  and  court- 
organist  at  Aurisch,  in  Germany,  died 
in  1728. 

Janievics.    See  Yaniewicz. 

Jannequin,  Clement,  composed,  in 
the  time  of  Francis  I.,  the  "Cries  of 
Paris,"  a  curious  medley,  treated  with 
much  art ;  also  the  "Chant  de  la  Bataille 
de  Marignan" 

Jan  SEN,  W.  G.  M.,  published  at 
Konigsberg,  in  1800,  "15  Deutsche 
Lieder  mit  Begleitiing  des  Klavier." 

Japanese  Music  is  not  very  har- 
monious, and  they  have  few  instru- 
ments ;  the  lute  is  a  favorite,  and  is  in 
general  use.  They  use  their  voices  with 
considerable  taste  and  skill. 

Jarnowick,  G.,  violinist;  born  at 
Palermo,  1745 ;  died  1804. 

Jarvis,  Charles  H.,  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  1837  ;  published,  1845, 
a  "  Collection  of  Chants;"  in  1856,  with 
J.  A.  Getze,  ''Tip-Top  Glee  Book;"  a 
composer  of  much  music,  and  a  noted 
teacher  in  that  city. 

Jasper,  a  composer  of  some  sonatas 
for  the  piano-forte  and  violin,  published 
at  Mentz  between  the  years  1794  and 
1797. 

Jassou,  Joa.  And.,  author  of  a  work 
entitled  "  De  Canioribus  Eccles.  Vet.  et 
Novi  Testamenti"  published  at  Helm- 
stadt  in  1708. 

Jast,  F.,  a  dramatic  composer  at 
Vienna,  brought  out  several  operettas 
and  ballets  in  that  city,  about  the  year 
1790. 

Jay,  Dr.  John,  a  teacher,  composer, 
and  performer  upon  instruments;  set- 
tled in  London,  1800,  as  a  teacher;  was 
made  bachelor  of  music,  and  member  of 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


67 


the  Royal  Academy  ;    composed  both 
vocal  and  instrumental  music. 

Jay,  Miss,  eldest  daughter  of  Dr. 
Jay,  was  celebrated  as  a  performer  on 
the  harp ;  received  a  medal  from  Prince 
Leopold ;  the  second  daughter  was  a 
fine  pianist. 

Jeep,  Joiiann,  a  composer  in  the 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
was  born  in  the  Duchy  of  Brunswick. 
He  published  ^' Geistliche  Psalmen  und 
Kirchen  Gesdng.  D.  M.  Luihers  und 
andererfrommen  Christen,  init  4  Stimmen 
dem  Choral  nach  componirt  durch,^' 
&c.,  Nuremburg,  1607. 

Jefferson,  Thomas,  the  statesman, 
was  a  good  violinist  and  tenor-singer; 
his  wife  was  an  excellent  performer  on 
the  harpsichord ;  visitors  were  often  en- 
tertained at  his  house  by  music  of  the 
harpsichord,  voice,  and  violin. 

Jeitteles,  Aloys,  author  of  the 
**Q/cZu.s'  of  Songs  "  by  Beethoven,  known 
under  the  name  of  "To  the  Distant 
Love,"  died  May,  1858. 

Jelch,  Vincentius,  a  countrapun- 
tist  of  the  seventeenth  century,  pub- 
lished at  Strasburg,  "  Parnassia  militia 
Concertuum  1,  2,  3,  et  4  Vocum,'^  1C23; 
*^  Arion  Primus,^^  1628.  This  work 
contains  twenty-one  Latin  motets  for 
one,  two,  three,  and  four  voices.  And 
lastly,  ^^  Arion  Secundus,^^  1628,  con- 
taining psalms  for  vespers,  arranged  for 
four  voices. 

Jeliotte,  Pierre,  a  celebrated 
counter-tenor  singer,  born  at  Beam; 
composed  ballet-music  and  many  songs ; 
died  in  a  state  of  great  poverty,  subse- 
quently to  the  year  1780. 

Jenkins,  George,  of  High  Holborn, 
Bloomsbury,  published,  1791,  eighteen 
airs  for  violins  and  bass ;  also  a  collec- 
tion of  new  Scotch  music,  and  a  med- 
ley, on  a  new  plan,  with  bass  for  violon- 
cello. 

Jenkins,  John,  a  native  of  Maid- 
stone, in  Kent,  born  in  the  year  1592, 
was  a  celebrated  composer  of  music  for 
viols  in  the  reigns  of  Charles  I.  and  II. 
His  compositions  are  chiefly  fantasias, 
in  five  and  six  parts,  several  of  which 
have  been  greatly  admired.     He  died  in 
the  year  1678,  at  the  great  age  of  eighty- 
six  years. 
^  Jenks,  Stephen,  of  New  Canaan, 
/  Conn.,  published  "  The  Delights  of  Har- 
I    mony,'^  1805 ;  twenty-six  of  the  tunes  in 
I     this  book  were  composed  by  him,  and 
\    the  work  was  published  by  su'bsciiption. 

0  ,  /f^'     7u.Yy^sy^'  ^• 


He  removed  to  Thompson,  O.,  and  died 
there  in  1856.  ''Mount  Calvary  ^^  was 
composed  by  Jenks,  1798. 

Jennings,  Mrs.,  daughter  of  Mr. 
Williams,  British  Consul  at  Seville, 
appeared  in  opera  at  Berlin,  1849,  and 
sang  in  all  the  principal  characters  of 
the  Italian  stage ;  in  1850,  sang  at  Dres- 
den and  Hamburg,  and  went  to  reside 
in  London. 

Jennison,  Samuel,  jun.,  author  of 
''Mnsic  in  the  past  Half  Century,''^  and 
other  productions,  1851. 

Jerome  de  Moravie,  a  musical 
writer,  about  the  year  1260,  wrote  a 
treatise  "De3/u8ica." 

Jester,  a  native  of  Berlin,  composed, 
about  the  year  1799,  an  operetta  called 
"Der  WunderigeU^ 

Jewit,  Randolph,  an  English  musi- 
cian, organist  in  Dublin,  which  city 
he  quitted  for  England  in  1639,  and 
died  at  Winchester. 

Jews-Harp.  This  simple  instru- 
ment is  the  only  one  practised  by  the 
inhabitants  of  St.  Kilda.  It  came  into 
notice,  1828,  at  the  Royal  Institution, 
where  it  was  performed  upon  by  Prof. 
Eulenstin. 

Joachim,  Joseph,  born  in  Hungary, 
1831 ;  became  known  as  a  violinist,  at 
Paris,  1849;  composed  there  four  or- 
chestral overtures,  and  in  1856  became 
director  of  the  court  concerts  for  the 
King  of  Hanover;  became  chapel- 
master  at  the  court  of  Weimar. 

JOANELLI    BerGAMENSIS    DEGARDI- 

NO,  Petrus,  a  contrapuntist  of  the  six- 
teenth century,  published  at  Venice,  iu 
1568,  ''Thesaurus  Musicus  for  four,  five, 
six,  and  eight  voices." 

Joannes,  Damascenus,  a  celebrated 
church  composer  in  the  first  half  of  the 
eighth  century;  died  in  760. 

Joannes,   Paduanus,   published  at 
Verona  in  1578  a  work  entitled  "  In 
stitutiones  Musicce.'^ 

Joannes,  Salesberiensis,  a  native 
of  Salisbury,  in  England;  died  in  1182; 
wrote  a  work  which  treats  "  De  Musica 
et  Instrumentis,  et  Modis,  et  Fructu 
eorum.^^ 

JoBARD,  M.,  afl5rms  that  those  who, 
on  shaking  the  head,  hear  two  Id's 
(A's  in  perfect  unison),  are  born  musi- 
cians ;  they  have  the  voice  and  ear  per- 
fectly correct ;  but  those  who  hear  the 
la  only  in  one  ear  have  an  imperfect 
appreciation  of  sound ;  while  those  who 
perceive  two  different  sounds,  la  and 


'^•^    ^^U^/k^     }^ri^  ,  o  ■  ^6      IW-l  ^  jV' 


Ai. 


^^ 


^U^ 


!>rt,<' 


J  s^  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


another  tone,  not  only  do  not  love 
music,  but  detest  and  avoid  it.  By  this 
novel  method  he  proposes  to  discover 
and  decide  who  may  become  good  musi- 
cians. [See  Latotjb,  M.  C,  Nickles, 
J.,  and  article  La.] 

JocELYN,  Simeon,  of  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  published  a  collection  entitled 
'■'■  Chorister^ s  Companion,''^  1788;  and  in 
1793  a  supplement;  was  a  teacher  and 
composer  of  music;  also  published  the 
'^Federal  Harmony,"  at  Boston,  Mass. 

Joecher,  Christian  Gottleib, 
professor  of  history  in  Leipsic,  published 
a  treatise  "De  Viribus  Musices  in  Cor- 
pore  Humano." 

JoHANNOT,  Tony,  became  famous  in 
London,  England,  from  a  single  comic 
song,  the  "  Beadle  of  the  Parish ; "  also 
acted  old  men  at  the  theatres ;  died  1848. 

Johannsen,  Mme.,  born  in  the  duchy 
of  Holstein,  came  to  this  country,  1857, 
and  appeared  in  German  opera  at  New 
York ;  afterwards  travelled  in  Germany, 
and  settled  at  Berlin. 

John  Brown  Song  originated  with 
the  Boston  Light  Infantry;  the  words 
were  by  different  members  of  this  com- 
pany ;  the  music,  a  very  old  hymn-tune, 
was  adapted  to  the  words  by  James  E. 
Greenleaf,  1861. 

Johnson,  A.  N.,  born  in  Middlebury, 
Vt.,  early  went  to  Boston,  Mass.,  and 
became  an  organist  there  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  years ;  became  a  teacher,  com- 
poser, and  author  of  a  large  number  of 
books  and  works  upon  music ;  was  edi- 
tor of  a  musical  paper,  and  a  teacher  in 
musical  conventions ;  was  for  some  time 
professor  in  the  Allegany  Academy  of 
Music,  Friendship,  N.Y. ;  his  works  on 
harmony  and  thorough-bass  were  among 
the  best  of  his  publications. 

Johnson,  Frank,  a  celebrated  colored 
musician,  and  performer  on  the  Kent 
bugle ;  his  reputation  was  not  confined 
to  this  country;  in  1834  he  visited  Eu- 
rope with  his  band,  and  gave  a  series  of 
concerts  in  London ;  he  afterwards  made 
the  tour  of  the  United  States,  perform- 
ing in  all  the  large  cities ;  died  in  New 
York,  April  5,  1844. 

Johnson,  George  W.,  published  a 
very  interesting  work,  "  The  Songs  of 
the  Bayaderes  of  Calcutta  and  of  Delhi ; " 
which  he  noted  from  hearing  of  them. 

Johnson,  Henry  Philip,  chapel- 
master  and  chamber-musician  to  the 
King  of  Sweden  at  Stockholm,  com- 
posed for  the  theatre  of  that  city  the 


operas  of  "E'jyZe,"  1774,  and  ^^Neptun  und 
Amphitrit£,"  1775;  he  wrote  also  a  work 
on  the  organ,  &c. 

Johnson,  Ichabod,  born  in  Wobum, 
Mass. ;  a  fifer  in  the  army  of  the  Revo- 
lution, and,  for  many  years  after  the 
war,  a  teacher  of  vocal  and  instrumental 
music;  used  the  vioUn  in  his  schools; 
formed  several  bands  in  New  England 
towns,  and  became  a  well-known  band- 
master. 

Johnson,  James,  a  music-seller  and 
engraver  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  pub- 
lished between  1787  and  1803  six  vol- 
umes of  "T/^e  Scot^s  Musical  Museum ; " 
he  commenced  the  work  of  collecting 
and  of  setting  to  music  such  songs  as 
had  not  been  set  to  music  previous  to 
his  time ;  was  the  first  who  attempted  to 
strike  music  upon  pewter  plates ;  died  at 
Edinburgh,  Feb.  26,  1811. 

Johnson,  J.  C,  teacher  and  composer 
of  music,  Boston,  Mass.,  editor  of  "  Jm- 
tenile  Oratorios,"  ^^  Normal  Song  Book," 
^^  School  Song  Book,"  and  other  works; 
was  associated  for  many  years  with  A. 
N.  Johnson,  assisting  in  his  publica- 
tions. 

Johnson,  Robert,  a  learned  musi- 
cian, was  one  of  the  first  of  the  English 
church  composers  who  disposed  their 
parts  with  intelligence  and  design. 

Jolly,  an  English  composer  of  glees. 
Two  of  his  compositions  were  much  ad- 
mired at  the  British  concerts. 

JoLY,  a  French  musician,  published 
at  Paris,  1786,  "  Six  Duos  pour  Violon." 

Jomelli,  Nicolo,  born  at  Aversa, 
near  Naples,  1714;  became  a  composer 
of  operas  at  the  age  of  twenty-three 
years ;  was  engaged  at  Rome,  1740 ;  was 
celebrated  in  all  Italy ;  returned  to  Na- 
ples, 1768,  where  he  continued  to  com- 
pose during  life ;  his  works  for  the 
church  and  theatre  are  very  numerous ; 
died  at  Naples,  Aug.  28,  1774. 

Jonas,  Carl,  a  celebrated  composer 
and  pianist,  born  at  Berlin  in  1770 ;  was 
in  the  service  of  the  King  of  Prussia, 
and  a  composer  of  merit. 

Jones,  Darius  E.,  published  in  New 
York,  1840,  "  Melodies  of  the  Church,** 
"  Temple  Melodies,"  and  other  popular 
works. 

Jones,  Edward,  published,  about  the 
year  1785,  a  work  entitled  ^^  Musical  a7id 
Poetical  Belies  of  the  Welsh  Bards,  pre- 
served by  Tradition  and  Authentic  Manu- 
scripts, never  before  published." 

Jones,  E.  T.,  for  many  years  the  or 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


ganist   of  Canterbury  Cathedral;  died 

1872. 

Jones,  John,  an  organist  at  St.  Paul's, 
London,  composed  a  chant  which  was 
sung  in  unison  by  four  thousand  chil- 
dren in  the  presence  of  Haydn,  who 
said  it  gave  him  the  greatest  pleasure  of 
any  music  he  had  ever  heard. 

Jones,  John  Hilton,  of  Bingham- 
ton,  N.Y.,  1853,  published  a  practical 
guide  to  ''  Thorough-bass,^^  intended  to 
teach  harmony  without  the  aid  of  a 
master. 

Jones,  Rev.  W.,  a  manufacturer  of 
jEolian  harps,  in  which  the  strings  are 
fastened  to  a  sounding-board  within  a 
case,  to  which  the  wind  passes  through 
an  aperture. 

Jones,  Robert,  a  voluminous  com- 
poser. Two  of  the  works  published  by 
him  are,  "^  Musical  Dreame,  or  the 
Fourth  Book  of  Ay  res;  ^^  and  *'  The  Mu- 
ses Gardin  for  Delights,'^  1609. 

Jones,  Rev.  W.  of  Nayland,  in  Suf- 
folk, an  English  musical  amateur,  who 
published,  1784,  '^  A  Treatise  on  the  Art 
of  Music,'^  considered  a  work  of  some 
authority. 

Jones,  W.,  bell-ringer  at  Pendleton, 
England,  invented  an  apparatus  worked 
by  the  simple  turning  of  a  handle,  by 
which  a  peal  of  eight  bells  can  be  easily 
rung  by  a  boy ;  it  is  operated  by  levers 
and  pulleys. 

Jongleurs.  The  jongleurs  held  a 
subordinate  position;  and  they  were 
sometimes  compelled  to  play  as  many  as 
nine  different  instruments,  and  to  be 
skilful  in  the  arts  of  rope-dancing  and 
tumbling,  in  imitating  the  songs  of  birds, 
as  well  as  to  be  of  ready  wit,  and  able  to 
joke  and  play  the  fool.  Hence  the  name 
jongleur  is  derived  from  joculato,  a 
jester.  The  troubadours  never  sang  for 
money,  but  for  honor  or  love,  while  the 
jongleur  was  a  paid  servant. 

JoRTiN,  Dr.  John,  vicar  of  Kensing- 
ton, was  born  in  London  in  1698.  He 
published  ^^  A  Letter  concerning  the  Mu- 
sic of  the  Ancients;^'  died  in  1770. 

Joseph,  Georg,  a  musician  in  the 
service  of  the  Bishop  of  Breslau  in  1690, 
published  some  sacred  compositions  in 
that  city. 

Josephine,  wife  of  Napoleon,  was  a 
superior  singer,  and  played  several  in- 
struments remarkably  well,  especially 
the  harp,  her  favorite. 

JosQiHN,  Des  Pres,  or  Depres,  the 
father  of  modern  harmony,  and  one  of 


the  greatest  supporters  of  ohurch-music ; 
was  chapel-master  to  Louis  XII. ;  among 
musicians  he  was  the  giant  of  his  age; 
composed  much  music;  and  his  works 
were  as  well  known  in  Europe  as  Han- 
del's have  since  been. 

Joubert,  a  violinist,  and  one  of  the 
best  pupils  of  LuUi ;  flourished  at  Paris 
about  the  year  1690. 

JoussE,  J.,  a  musician  resident  in 
London,  born  in  France  about  1760; 
published  an  introduction  to  the  art  of 
sol-fa-ing  and  singing,  also  published 
^^ Harmonic  Cards,''"'  to  teach  the  chords. 

JOVANELLL      See  GlOVANELLI. 

Jozzi,  Giuseppe,  an  Italian  sopranist, 
was  in  London  in  1746,  and  performed 
in  Gluck's  opera  "ia  Caduta  del  Gi- 
ganti ; "  settled  as  a  singing-master  at 
Amsterdam,  where  he  published  eight 
sonatas. 

Jural,  a  descendant  of  Cain,  and  a 
son  of  Lamech,  played  on  musical  in- 
struments before  the  deluge,  and  taught 
others  to  play  on  the  harp  and  organ. 
He  is  called  the  father  of  such  as  handle 
the  harp  (kinnor)  and  the  organ. 

Jubilee  Singers.  Eight  colored 
people  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  who  in  1869 
commenced  giving  concerts  to  found  a 
university;  they  were  successful.  The 
institution  is  Fisk  University. 

Jubilees.  There  have  been  two 
great  musical  festivals  at  Boston,  Mass., 
called  Peace  Jubilees:  one  in  1869, 
numbering  10,528  voices  and  an  instru- 
mental force  of  1,094  performers;  200,- 
000  people  attended.  At  the  Jubilee  of 
1872,  the  chorus  numbered  18,000;  the 
orchestra,  2,000;  buildings  were  erected 
for  each  of  these  festivals,  capable  of 
seating  at  one  time  100,000  people. 

JuDELius,  Joannes,  a  German  mu- 
sician, published  at  Erfurt,  in  1625,  a 
work  called  '^Encomium  Gamico-Har- 
monicumy 

JuDic,  Mme.  (Anna  Damiens),  born 
1849;  appeared  in  opera  at  the  age  of 
sixteen;  married,  and  in  1867  made  a 
great  reputation  in  Paris. 

JuDicE,  Caesar  de,  a  composer  of 
madrigals  and  motets,  published  at  Mes- 
sina and  Palermo  between  the  years 
1628  and  1666 ;  was  a  native  of  Sicily. 

JuDKiN,  T.  J.,  published  "  Church 
and  Home  Psalmody,'"  London,  1831. 

JuLiANUS  Cesar  possessed  an  organ 
which  inspired  the  poet  Graculus  with 
the  following  lines:  — 

"  Tubes  perceive  I  here,  of  another 


70 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INTORMATION. 


species,  formed  in  the  brazen  regions  of 
earth,  and  of  powerful  sound.  But 
their  sound  is  not  awakened  by  our 
breath.  Out  from  within  the  hollow 
of  a  bellows  of  bull's  hide,  the  wind 
penetrates,  at  their  bases,  the  sounding 
tubes.  Behold!  a  strong  man,  endowed 
with  quickly-flying  fingers,  touches  the 
row  of  keys;  and  now,  simultaneously 
blending,  or  in  playful  alternation,  they 
sound  forth  in  charming  song." 

JuLiEN,  G.,  an  organist  at  Chartres, 
in  France,  towards  the  end  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  published  in  Paris  a 
book  of  organ-music. 

Jui.iEN,  N.,  published  at  Paris  in 
1780,  under  the  name  of  ^'Julien  I'ain^," 
a  collection  of  comic  opera  songs  for 
two  violoncellos. 

JuLiEN,  Pierre,  a  musician  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  born  at  Carpentras, 
in  France,  published  in  1750,  "ie  Vrai 
Chemin  pour  apprendre  a  chanter  toute 
Soi'te  de  Musique.'" 

JuLLiEN,  George  Louis,  a  French- 
man, born  April  23,  1812,  near  Sis- 
teron,  among  the  French  Alps ;  at  the 
age  of  five  years  was  a  concert  violin- 
ist ;  in  1839  went  to  England,  where  his 
concerts  and  festivals  for  fifteen  years 
made  him  very  popular ;  in  1856  he  came 
to  this  country,  and  was  immensely 
popular  in  New  York,  where  he  pro- 
duced some  of  the  compositions  of  Fry 
and  Bristow,  Americans ;  after  his  re- 
turn to  England,  he  proposed  to  collect 
a  monster  orchestra,  and  make  a  tour 
around  the  globe,  but  did  not  succeed ; 
died  March  16,  1860. 

JuLLiEN,  G.  L.,  jun.,  called  Jullien 
11. ,  son  of  George  Louis,  was  a  member 
of  Jullien's  band,  and  inherited  much 
of  his  father's  energy  and  talent. 

Jullien,  Paul,  born  at  Crest,  France, 
1841 ;  remarkable  as  a  violinist ;  in  1850 
gained  the  first  prize  against  seventeen 
competitors,  and  thereafter  became  a 
concert-player;    came  to  this  country, 


and  performed  at  the  concerts  of  Madame 
Sontag. 

JuMiLHAC,  Le  PtRE  DE,  a  Benedic- 
tine monk,  published  in  Paris  in  1673, 
"Xa  Science  et  la  Pratique  du  Plain- 
Chant" 

JuNGE,  Joachim,  a  doctor  of  philos- 
ophy at  Hamburg,  died  in  1657 ;  among 
his  published  works  is  one  entitled 
"■Harmonica  Theoretical 

JuNGHAUTZ,  J.  A.,  organist  at  Arn- 
stadt,  was  born  in  1745.  He  was  known 
in  Germany  by  some  good  compositions 
for  the  harpsichord. 

Junius,  Adrianus,  born  in  Holland 
in  1512,  published  a  work,  one  of  the 
chapters  of  which  treats  of  ^^  Musica 
Instrumenta  eoque  spectantia." 

Junker,  Karl  Ludwig,  a  celebrated 
amateur  musician  in  the  north  of  Ger- 
many, died  in  1797.  He  published  many 
works  on  music  between  the  years  1776 
and  1786. 

JusDORF,  J.  C,  a  flutist  at  Gottingen, 
has  published  several  operas  of  music 
for  his  instrument,  at  Offenbach,  since 
the  year  1799. 

Just,  J.  A.,  a  musician  at  the  Hague, 
born  about  the  year  1750,  was  considered 
one  of  the  best  performers  of  his  time 
on  the  harpsichord ;  published  at  Am- 
sterdam, the  Hague,  and  Berlin,  much 
music  for  his  instrument. 

Justin  Martyr  died  a  martj-^r  during 
the  persecutions  of  Antoninus,  in  163; 
works  published  at  Paris  in  1636  and  1742 
with  excellent  remarks  on  the  church 
music  used  in  his  time. 

Justinian  I.,  called  "the  Great,"  a 
Greek;  was  an  excellent  musician,  and 
in  the  Greek  Church  they  still  sing  a 
troparius,  or  hymn  on  the  divinity  of 
Jesus  Christ,  of  his  composition;  died 
in  565. 

Justinianus,  Leonakdus,  a  Vene- 
tian, lived  about  the  year  1428;  was  cel- 
ebrated as  a  musical  composer ;  wrote  a 
great  number  of  amatory  songs,  which 
had  much  success. 


K. 


Kaa,  F.  I.,  a  composer  of  instrumen- 
tal works  at  Cologne,  1783. 

Kaempfer,  J.,  a  celebrated  Hunga- 
rian performer  on  the  double  bass,  1783. 

Kaleidoscope,  Musical,  consists  of 
sixty  sheets    of    music,   twenty    blue. 


twenty  red,  twenty  black,  printed  notes ; 
any  three  sheets  of  one  color  furnish 
a  piece  of  music,  and  any  such  piece 
changes  character  and  form  if  you 
change  one  of  the  selected  sheets. 
Kalkbrenner,  C,  a  Prussian  J«w, 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


71 


born  at  Munden,  Germany,  1755,  and 
famous  as  an  historian  and  musical 
author;  died  at  Paris,  1806.  Fried- 
rich,  son  of  C,  born  at  Cassel,  1784; 
famous  pianist  and  composer;  died  at 
Paris,  1849. 

Kallenbach,  G.  E.  G.,  organist  and 
composer,  Magdeburg,  from  1787  to 
1800. 

Kalliwoda,  J.  W.,  born  at  Prague, 
1800;  a  distinguished  instrumental  com- 
poser; wrote  much  orchestra  music. 

Kalozdy,  one  of  a  band  of  fifteen 
gypsies,  and  leader  of  the  Hungarian 
orchestra  formed  in  London,  1852 ;  they 
know  nothing  of  music,  only  as  it  is 
taught  them  by  their  leader. 

Kastner.  M.  Georges,  of  Paris, 
France,  published,  1806,  several  musical 
works,  among  which  one  of  some  curi- 
osity is  "  The  Cries  of  PariSy^^  and  a 
collection  of  musical  proverbs. 

Kastner,  M.  Frederick,  invented, 
1873,  the  ^^  Pyrophone,^^  an  instrument 
sounded  by  the  action  of  fire :  a  lighted 
jet  of  gas  plays  upon  glass  tubes,  pro- 
ducing the  tones  as  desired. 

Karasek,  or  Karausciiek,  a  Bohe- 
mian violinist,  died  in  1789;  composed 
some  instrumental  music,  among  which 
are  concertos  for  the  bassoon  and  vio- 
loncello, and  symphonies.  On  the  lat- 
ter-named instrument  he  was  an  excel- 
lent performer. 

Karelin,  Sila  Dementiewitsch,  by 
birth  a  Russian,  was,  in  the  year  1796, 
the  director  of  the  musique  de  chasse  of 
some  nobleman  at  St.  Petersburg.  He 
was  considered  the  finest  performer  in 
Russia  on  the  cor  de  chasse;  and  his  in- 
strument is  said  to  have  cost,  at  Mos- 
cow, eight  hundred  rubles. 

Karr,  Henri,  an  excellent  pianist, 
resident  at  Paris,  was  born  at  Deux- 
Ponts,  in  1784.  He  has  published  some 
music  for  his  instrument. 

Karsten,  a  good  tenor-singer  at  the 
opera  at  Stockholm,  by  birtli  a  Swede. 
He  was  in  London  in  the  year  1792,  and 
sang  with  much  applause  in  various 
parties  of  the  nobility. 

Katow,  Helena,  a  Russian,  born  in 
Riga,  of  a  Polish  family,  at  an  early  age 
became  known  as  a  violoncellist ;  came 
to  this  country,  and  appeared  in  Boston 
and  other  cities,  1865. 

Kauer,  Ferdinand,  a  musi<;ian  at 
Vienna,  published  there  much  dramatic 
and  instrumental  music,  between  the 
years  1794  and  1809.    He  is  said  to  have 


been  an  excellent  pianist;  died  in  1830, 
after  losing  a  large  number  of  manu- 
scripts and  his  musical  library  by  a 
freshet  from  which  he  escaped  only  to 
be  exhausted  by  debility,  aged  80. 

Kaufmann,  Carl,  an  organist  at 
Berlin,  born  there  in  1706;  published 
some  instrumental  music  about  the  year 
1790;  died  at  Berlin  in  1808. 

Kaufmann,  Friedrich,  the  inventor 
of  the  harmonichord  and  other  instru- 
ments, was  born  at  Dresden,  1785;  in 
1818  was  offered  the  position  of  harmou- 
ichord-player  in  the  orchestra  at  Darm- 
stadt; in  1839  completed  the  Sr/mpho- 
nion,  and  with  his  son  made  a  tour  of 
Germany,  Russia,  Sweden,  and  Den- 
mark ;  on  their  return  voyage  the  instru- 
ments were  lost  at  sea ;  but  father  and 
son  constructed  others  and  better  ones, 
and  established  a  permanent  depot  for 
the  sale  of  their  instruments,  with  which 
was  combined  a  manufactory ;  died  1872, 
aged  87. 

Kaufmann,  Friedrich  Theodob, 
son  of  the  above-named,  was  born  at 
Dresden,  1823;  constructed  a  complete 
self-playing,  orchestra-like  instrument 
in  1851,  after  five  years'  unwearied  exer- 
tions; it  was  called  the  '^Orchestrion,'^ 
and,  when  exhibited,  created  much  ex- 
citement; died  in  Dresden,  1872,  aged 
49. 

Kaufmann,  Johann,  a  violoncellist 
at  Stuttgard,  born  in  1760. 

Kaufmann,  Johann  Gottfried, 
born  near  Chemnitz,  1752  ;  was  the 
founder  of  a  family  distinguished  for 
mechanical  and  musical  talent;  died  at 
Frankfort-on-the-Main,  1818. 

Kaufmann,  Madame,  wife  of  the 
preceding,  was  a  celebrated  singer  at 
Stuttgard,  in  the  service  of  the  court. 

Kauth,  Madame,  an  amateur  com- 
poser of  music  for  the  piano-forte. 

Kayser,  Elizabeth,  celebrated  for 
her  talents  as  a  singer.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen  she  sang  with  great  success  at 
the  opera  in  Dresden. 

Keach,  Benjamin,  published,  1691,  a 
tract  proving  singing  to  be  a  "  holy 
ordinance  of  Jesus  Christ." 

Keatinge,  J.  J.,  of  Cincinnati,  O., 
published  "  Singinfj  Class  Manual,^* 
1857;  was  a  music-teacher. 

Keeble,  John,  organist  of  St. 
George's,  Hanover  Square,  from  1759  to 
1787 ;  published  in  1784  a  work  entitled 
"  The  Theory  of  Harmonics." 

Keen,  the  dirge  chanted  at  the  Irist 


72 


A  DICTIONAKY  OF  MUSICAL  IKFORMATION. 


wake;  the  women  who  chant  place 
themselves  at  each  side  of  the  corpse, 
and  the  chant  is  led  by  some  talented 
singer. 

Keeper,  John,  of  Harthall,  an  Eng- 
lish church-composer,  published  in  1574, 
"  Select  Psalms,  in  four  Parts,^' 

Kehl,  Johann  B.,  a  singer  and  organ- 
ist, was  born  at  Coburg;  published  sev- 
eral sonatas  for  the  harpsichord,  &c., 
1770,  and  left  two  oratorios  in  manu- 
script. 

Kehr,  Charles  Henry,  bom  in 
Eisenach,  Aug.  29,  1820;  came  to 
America,  1883;  became  connected  with 
the  musical  interests  of  Maryland,  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Virginia ;  settled  at  Marion, 
Virginia,  where  he  is  a  teacher  and 
composer  of  reputation. 

Keifererus,  Christianus,  a  monk 
and  church-composer,  published  some 
sacred  music  at  Augsburg  and  Ingolstadt, 
in  the  years  1612  and  1618. 

Keirt.eber  was  celebrated  as  a  com- 
poser of  canons;  published  one  canon 
for  five  hundred  and  twelve  voices  and 
instruments. 

Keiser,  R.,  born  at  Leipsic,  1673; 
composed  one  hundred  and  eighteen 
operas  and  much  other  music:  died 
1739. 

Keith,  R.  W.,  born  at  Stepney,  1787; 
author  of  many  theoretical  works  on 
music. 

Keller,  Carl,  a  German  composer 
of  flute-music  at  Vienna,  born  Oct.  16, 
1774 ;  wrote  much  for  his  instrument. 

Keller,  Godfrey,  was  a  celebrated 
English  master  of  the  harpsichord,  about 
the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  century. 
He  published  several  sonatas  in  five 
parts,  for  flutes,  hautboys,  &c. ;  also  a 
work  entitled  "J.  Complete  Method  for 
attainiwf  to  pia?/  a  Thorough  Bass  upon 
either  Organ,  Harpsichord,  or  Theorbo 
Lute.^^ 

Keller,  H.  M.,  a  German  organist; 
died  in  1710;  wrote  some  music  for  his 
instrument. 

Kellie,  Lord  Thomas  Alexander, 
born  in  Scotland,  Sept.  1,  1732;  a  great 
musical  genius ;  published  at  Edin- 
burgh, 1774,  a  volume  of  minuets ;  died 
at  Brussels,  Oct.  9,  1781,  aged  51. 

Keller,  Matthias,  born  at  Ulm, 
Wurtemburg,  March  20,  1813 ;  early  be- 
came a  band-master;  came  to  this  coun- 
try 1846;  became  a  violinist  in  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  and  a  conductor  of  Eng- 
lish opera  in  New  York;  removed  to 


Boston,  Mass.,  and  became  celebrated 
as  a  song-writer,  but  chiefly  as  the  au- 
thor of  the  ^^  American  Hymn,''^  per- 
formed at  the  Peace  Jubilee  by  a  chorus 
of  ten  thousand  five  hundred  voices  and 
an  orchestra  of  eleven  hundred. 

Kellerman,  Christian,  violinist  to 
the  King  of  Denmark,  who  was  accom- 
panist for  Carlotti  Patti.  1866;  died  at 
Copenhagen,  January,  1867,  aged  50. 

Kellner,  David,  a  musician  at  Ham- 
burg, published  there  in  1732,  "  Treu- 
licher  tlnterrichtim  Generalbass,^^  which, 
in  1796,  had  arrived  at  its  eighth  edition. 

Kellner,  Ernest  Augustus,  was 
born  at  Windsor,  1792;  his  compositions 
are  chiefly  manuscript,  and  consequently 
only  known  within  the  circle  of  his 
friends ;  he  has,  however,  written  some 
masses  and  offertories,  which  have  been 
sung  at  the  Bavarian  Chapel. 

Kellner,  Johann  Peter,  cantor 
and  organist  at  Grafenrode  in  Thu- 
ringia,  was  born  there  in  1705 ;  composed 
much,  including  fugues,  preludes,  suites, 
passions,  and  other  forms  of  church- 
music. 

Kellner,  Johann  Christophe,  son 
of  the  preceding,  was  an  organist  at 
Cassel,  and  born  in  1735;  had  published, 
up  to  the  year  1785,  fifteen  operas  of 
harpsichord  music,  together  with  some 
pieces  for  the  organ. 

Kellogg,  Clara  Louisa,  born  at 
Charleston,  S.C.,  of  New  England  par- 
ents, 1840;  removed  to  Connecticut 
when  quite  young,  and  made  her  first 
appearance  in  opera,  at  New  York,  1861 ; 
fully  established  her  fame  as  a  singer 
and  actress  in  *^Crispino,^^  ^^Faust,^'  and 
other  operas,  1865;  in  1867,  appeared 
with  success  at  her  Majesty's  Theatre 
in  London,  and  has  since  acquired  the 
fame  of  a  great  artist. 

Kelly,  Earl  of,  an  eminent  musical 
composer  of  vocal  and  instrumental 
music ;  his  works,  for  the  space  of  nine- 
teen years,  were  published  by  Robert 
Bremner. 

Kelly,  Michael,  born  in  Dublin, 
1764;  celebrated  as  a  tenor-singer  at 
Venice ;  in  1787  appeared  at  Drury  Lane, 
London,  and  became  musical  director  of 
that  theatre;  sang  ai  the  Ancient  Con- 
certs and  at  the  principal  music-meet- 
ings and  theatres ;  became  celebrated  as 
a  composer,  1797;  after  which  he  wrote 
sixty  pieces  for  the  different  theatres ; 
died  in  London,  1825. 

Kelz,  Matth.,  a  German  musician  in 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


73 


the  seventeenth  century,  published  sev- 
eral sacred  works,  and  wrote  a  treatise 
on  composition,  in  the  Latin  language, 
between  the  years  1626  and  1669. 

Kemblk,  Adelaide,  youngest  sister 
of  Fanny  Kemble,  in  early  life,  1841, 
gained  great  celebrity  as  an  operatic 
singer;  but  abandoned  the  stage  after 
marrying  Mr.  Sartoris. 

Kemble,  Rev.  C,  an  amateur  mu- 
sician: published  in  London,  1841, 
*'  Church  Psalmody,"  and  other  musical 
works. 

Kemp,  Andrew,  master  of  the  music 
school  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  1570,  and 
composer  of  some  excellent  airs. 

Kemp,  Dr.,  an  English  musician  of 
much  talent  as  a  theorist;  composed 
some  very  pleasing  vocal  music.  Among 
his  works  are  ^^  Musical  Illustrations  of 
the  Beauties  of  Shakspeare.^^ 

Kemp,  Joseph,  born  in  London,  1778 ; 
a  musical  composer ;  wrote  songs,  glees, 
and  in  1810,  '^Musical  Illustrations  of 
the  Lady  of  the  Lake  ; "  died  1824. 

Kempton,  Jenny,  known  as  a  vocal- 
ist in  New  England,  1850;  went  to  Flor- 
ence, and  became  connected  with  an 
opera  company  there. 

Kendal,  John,  an  English  organist, 
published,  in  1780,  some  music  for  his 
instrument. 

Kendall,  Edward,  born  in  Ver- 
mont; early  went  to  Boston,  Mass., 
where  he  became  celebrated  as  a  per- 
former upon  the  Kent  bugle;  was 
equally  celebrated  in  England,  where  he 
was  at  one  time  connected  with  a  Lon- 
don band,  but  spent  most  of  his  life 
with  the  bands  and  orchestras  of  Bos- 
ton; died  of  consumption,  Oct.  26,1861, 
aged  53. 

Kendall,  James,  brother  of  the 
above,  was  celebrated  as  a  clarinetist; 
played  with  Edward  in  tlie  Boston  bands 
and  theatre  orchestras ;  died  in  San 
Francisco  in  1874. 

Kenn,  a  performer  on  the  horn,  was 
engaged,  in  1798,  in  the  orchestra  of  the 
Grand  Opera  at  Paris,  where  he  also  pub- 
lished some  music  for  his  instrument. 

Kennis,  William  Gommar,  director 
of  tlie  music  at  the  Church  of  St.  Peter, 
at  Louvain,  about  the  year  1768,  was 
considered,  in  1772,  as  the  first  of  all 
violinists  in  the  Austrian  Netherlands; 
published  nine  works  at  Paris. 

Kent  Bugle,  a  keyed  instrument  of 
such  compass  as  to  be  used  as  a  solo  in- 
strument or  as  an  accompaniment. 


Kent,  James,  born  at  Winchester, 
March  13,  1700;  was  organist  at  Cam- 
bridge and  Winchester,  England,  for 
many  years ;  composed  a  large  number 
of  anthems  and  other  churcli  music; 
died  1776. 

Kepler,  Johann,  born  at  Wiel,  in 
the  Duchy  of  Wurtemburg,  in  the  year 
1571,  and  died  in  1630;  denies  that  the 
ancients  had  any  idea  of  harmony;  he 
compares  their  accompaniments  to  their 
melodies  to  the  droning  of  a  bagpipe. 

Kerana,  a  Persian  wind-instrument 
of  the  trumpet  kind,  much  used  with 
other  instruments. 

Keranim,  a  Hebrew  sacerdotal  trum- 
pet. 

Keras,  the  hydraulic  or  water-organ 
of  the  ancients. 

Keren,  a  horn;  the  first  used  were 
ram's  horns. 

Kerl,  Johann  Caspar,  born  in  1625, 
was  a  native  of  Saxony ;  settled  in  Ba- 
varia, where  he  became  chapel-master  to 
the  Elector  Ferdinando  Maria.  Kerl's 
principal  work  is  his  '■^Modulatio  Organ- 
ica  super  magnificat,  octo  Tonis  ecclesias- 
ticis  respondens,''  printed  at  Munich  in 
1686. 

Kerle,  Jacob  de,  was  born  at  Ypres, 
in  Flanders ;  his  compositions,  which  are 
chiefly  for  the  church,  were  published  in 
different  parts  of  Europe,  from  1562  to 
1573. 

Kerlin,  Jean,  a  native  of  Brittany, 
one  of  the  oldest  violin-makers,  1449. 

Kerpen,  F.  H.  Freiherr  von,  a 
canon  of  the  cathedrals  of  Mentz  and 
Wurtzburg,  was  an  excellent  amateur 
musician,  and  published  much  vocal  and 
piano-forte  music  between  the  years  1780 
and  1800. 

Kerzel,  or  Kerzelli,  Michael,  a 
musician  at  Vienna,  where  he  published, 
up  to  the  year  1783,  much  violin  music. 
About  the  year  1787,  he  went  to  Moscow, 
where  he  wrote  some  Russian  operas. 

Kessel,  Johann  C.  B.,  a  singer  at 
Eisleben,  was  born  in  1766.  In  the  year 
1790,  he  published  at  Leipsic,  ''Unter- 
richi  im  Generalbas.se  zum  Gehrauchefur 
Lehrer  und  Lernende.^' 

Kessler,  Johann  Wilhelm,  an  or- 
ganist at  Ileilbronn,  published  at  Stutt- 
gard  in  1793-4,  "  Wiirtembergisches  vier- 
stimmiges  Choralhuch  ;^^  also  at  Dann- 
stadt,  in  1796,  '^  Divertissemens  SociauXy 
ou  six  Anglaises  pour  le  Clavecin  avec 
leur  Chore'graphiey 

Kette,  Albrecht,  a  celebrated  or- 


lU^  AWy^  lO^rH^  (nr^  J^j^^J 


't^i^.rt>,  i}r7.o  ,  />y^i^ 


/U, 


74 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


ganist  of  the  court  and  cathedral  at 
Wurtzburg,  was  born  in  1726 ;  composed 
much  church  music,  and  music  for  the 
organ ;  died  in  tlie  year  1767. 

Kettle-Drum,  a  drum  the  vellum 
head  of  which  is  spread  over  a  body  of 
brass ;  very  different  from  the  military 
side-drum. 

Key,  Francis  Scott,  born  in  Mary- 
land, Aug.  1,  1779;  wrote  "■The  Star 
Spangled  Banner;  "  died  at  Washington, 
Jan.  11,  1843. 

Key  Harp  is  in  appearance  like  the 
piano-forte;  but  tuning-forks  are  vi- 
brated, instead  of  strings,  by  the  stroke 
of  the  keys. 

Keyp:d  Violin,  played  like  the  parlor 
organ  by  means  of  a  keyboard ;  it  has 
forty  strings  sounded  by  bows  mechan- 
ically moved ;  invented  1848. 

Khisel,  Giovanni  Giacomo,  a  con- 
trapuntist of  the  16tli  century,  and  prob- 
ably a  German,  resident  in  Italy,  pub- 
lished at  Venice,  in  1591,  "Libro  I.  de 
Madrir/ali  et  Mofetti  a4  e  5  voci.^'' 

Khivans.  This  people,  like  other 
Orientals,  have  for  centuries  been  cele- 
brated for  their  music  and  song ;  from 
this  place  go  forth  the  best  singers, 
violin  and  guitar  players,  known  at  Con- 
stantinople and  other  cities. 

KiiYM,  or  Kyhm,  Carl,  an  instru- 
mental composer;  published  much  music 
at  Augsburg  and  Vienna  since  the  year 
1798. 

Kiallmaek,  E.,  born  at  Lynn  Regis, 
Norfolk,  1781 ;  became  a  teacher  of  the 
piano-forte,  harp,  and  violin;  subse- 
quently a  composer;  published  a  large 
number  of  pieces  for  the  piano-forte 
and  violin. 

Kieffer,  Aldine  S.,  of  Singer's 
Glen,  Va. ;  was  at  one  time  connected 
with  Joseph  Funk  &  Sons,  in  Rocking- 
ham County,  Va.,  and  published,  1868, 
"  The  Song-Crowned  King,''  144  pages; 
was  also  concerned  in  publishing  "  The 
Christian  Harp,'"  112  pages;  was  in 
company  with  one  Ruebush,  and  was 
teacher  of  music. 

KiELBLOCK,  Franz,  a  native  of  Gus- 
trow,  Germany ;  a  composer  of  fugitive 
music  and  one  opera,  "Miles  Standish;'' 
for  seventeen  years,  after  coming  to  this 
country,  1843,  was  a  music-teacher  in 
New  Bedford,  and  one  of  the  original 
members  of  the  old  Germania  Band, 
Boston ;  died  Aug.  13,  1867,  aged  43. 

KiESER,  J.  J.,  an  organist  at  Erfurt 


about  the  year  1750,  composed  much 
music  for  his  instrument. 

Kiesewetter,  Chrlstoph  Gott- 
fried, born  at  Anspach  in  1777 ;  was  a 
very  celebrated  violinist,  and  spent  much 
time  in  England  since  the  winter  of 
1821,  when  lie  performed  at  the  Phil- 
harmonic Concerts  in  London;  died 
1827. 

Kiesewetter,  Johann  Friedrich, 
first  violin  at  the  Royal  Chapel  of  An- 
spach, was  born  at  Coburg.  He  obtained 
his  public  situation  in  the  year  1754. 

Kilian,  of  Zurich,  was  the  inventor 
of  cast  violin-strings ;  the  material  from 
which  they  are  manufactured  becomes 
solid  by  being  mixed  with  a  varnish; 
claims  that  they  rarely  get  out  of  tune, 
and  never  need  rosin. 

Kimball,  Jacob,  jun.,  A.B.,  of  Sa- 
lem, Mass.,  published  at  Exeter,  N.H., 
1800,  "The  Essex  Harmony;''  was  a  com- 
poser and  teacher  of  music,  and  at  one 
time  connected  with  Samuel  Holyoke  in 
his  publications. 

Kimball,  Jacob,  born  at  Topsfield, 
Mass.,  February,  1761;  a  famous  teacher 
and  composer  of  music,  and  a  poet  who 
wrote  some  of  the  psalms  in  Belknap's 
collection;  taught  music  in  Massachu- 
setts, New  Hampshire,  and  Maine ;  was 
chosen  "  to  sit  in  the  Elder's  seat,  and 
lead  the  Psalms,"  at  Topsfield;  pub- 
lished "The  Bural  Harmony,"  mostly 
original  music  1793;  died  in  Topsfield, 
July  24,  1826,  aged  65. 

Kin,  a  Chinese  instrument  having  five 
silk  strings,  and  played  with  a  bow. 

Kind,  Frederic,  the  author  of  the 
libretto  of  "  Ber  Freischutz,"  and  coad- 
jutor of  C.  M.  von  Weber,  died  at 
Dresden,  1853,  aged  66. 

Kindermann,  Johann  Erasmus,  a 
celebrated  organist  at  Nuremberg,  died 
in  1655.  He  composed  many  practical 
works,  both  vocal  and  instrumental,  the 
latter  being  chiefly  for  the  organ. 

KiNDERVATER,     JOHANN    HeINRICH, 

died  in  1726;  wrote  several  works  on 
music;  among  others  one  entitled  "Be 
Musica  litter  at  is  necessaria." 

KiNDSCHER,  L.,  a  singer  at  the  court 
church  at  Dessau,  published  there,  in 
1792,  a  collection  of  twenty-four  songs, 
and  at  Leipsic,  in  1801,  a  similar  col- 
lection. 

King,  a  Chinese  instrument  with 
pendent  stone,  giving  sixteen  tones; 
the  stones  are  struck  with  a  hammer. 

King,    Charles,    educated    in   the 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


75 


choir  of  St.  Paul's,  under  Dr.  Blow, 
was  at  first  a  supernumerary  singer  in 
that  cathedral  for  the  small  stipend  of 
iourteen  pounds  a  year.  In  the  year 
1704,  he  was  admitted  to  the  degree  of 
bachelor  in  music  in  the  University 
of  Oxford.  King  composed  some  an- 
thems and  services. 

King,  EuaEXE  H.,  organist  and 
teacher,  Rochester,  N.Y.,  died  April  13, 
1873,  aged  21. 

King,  Dr.  Henry,  was  the  author 
of  a  new  metrical  translation  of  the 
Psalms,  Oct.  30,  1651.  He  was  Bishop 
of  Chichester,  and  son  of  Dr.  John  King, 
Bishop  of  London;  died  Oct.  1,  1669. 

King,  M.  P.,  born  1765;  an  English 
composer,  chiefly  of  vocal  music,  since 
the  year  1790 ;  also  published  "^  General 
Treatise  on  Music,  particularly  on  Har- 
mony, or  Thorowjh-BassV 

King,  Robert,  bachelor  in  music  of 
Cambridge,  in  1696,  was  one  of  the  band 
of  William  and  Mary.  He  composed 
various  airs,  printed  in  "  The  Tripla 
Concordia,^  ^  and  set  to  music  many 
songs,  printed  in  the  "  Theatre  of 
Music." 

King,  William  A.,  a  native  of  Lon- 
don, and  son  of  M.  P.  King,  was  an 
organist  of  rare  acquirements.  He  came 
to  this  country  in  1835,  and  officiated  as 
organist  at  several  of  the  New  York 
churches  He  published  *'  The  Grace 
Church  Collections^  of  music,  and 
''Kinrfs  Quartets;''  died  May  11,  1867. 

Kino,  William,  organist  of  New 
College,  Oxford,  set  to  music  Cowley's 
^'Mistress,''  and  published  it  with  the 
following  title:  "Poe?n.s  of  Mr.  Coioley 
and  others,  composed  into  Songs  and 
Ayres,  with  a  Thorough  Basse  for  the 
Theorbo,  Harpsecor,  or  Base  Violl,'' 
Oxford,  1688. 

KiNGSLEY,  George,  born  in  North- 
ampton, Mass.,  July  7,  1811;  published 
a  number  of  excellent  collections  of 
music  previous  to  1853 ;  was  an  organist 
and  fine  composer;  his  ^^Social  Choir,'' 
three  volumes,  was  very  popular. 

KiNKEL,  Charles,  born  in  Germany, 
1832;  came  to  this  country,  1849,  as  a 
teacher  of  music;  married,  and  taught 
music  at  an  academy  in  Shelbyville,  Ky. ; 
has  composed  a  large  number  of  salon- 
pieces,  variations,  and  instructive  piano- 
forte pieces  for  young  players. 

KiNKEL,  Johanna,  author  of  '■'■Eight 
Letters  to  a  Friend  on  Instruction  on  the 
Piano  Forte."  These  letters  were  popu- 


lar in  Germany,  and  were  translated  by 
William  Grauert,  A.M.,  and  published 
in  this  country  in  1860. 

KiNNOR,  the  national  instrument  of 
the  Hebrews;  well  known  in  Asia;  an 
antediluvian  invention  like  the  harp. 

KiRBYE,  George,  an  English  musi- 
cian and  good  madrigalist  at  the  close 
of  the  sixteenth  and  beginning  of  the 
seventeenth  century.  In  the  year  1597, 
he  and  Thomas  Weilkes  published  their 
first  books  of  English  madrigals. 

KiRCHER,  Athanasius,  born  at 
Fulda,  1601 ;  chiefly  celebrated  as  the 
author  of  '■'■Musurgia  Universalis,"  in 
ten  books ;  in  1673  he  published  a  work 
explaining  the  nature,  properties,  and 
effects  of  sounds;  died  1680. 

KiRNBERGER,      JOHANN      PhILIP,     a 

native  of  Berlin,  born  1721.  His  knowl- 
edge of  counterpoint  and  of  all  the  laws 
and  subtilties  of  canon  and  fugue  was 
indisputable.  He  died  in  the  year  1783. 
His  principal  works  were  theoretical 
and  didactic. 

KiRSTEN,  Friedrich,  an  organist  at 
Dresden,  published,  between  the  years 
1770  and  1797,  several  works  of  piano- 
forte music. 

KiRSTEN,  Michael,  organist  at  Bres- 
lau,  died  in  1742.  lie  wrote  some  church 
music. 

Kit,  a  small  violin  once  used  by 
dancing-masters. 

KiTCHiNER,  William,  born  in  Lon- 
don, 1775;  wrote  some  valuable  treatises 
on  music,  and  a  collection  of  the  ''Loyal 
and  National  .Songs  of  England ; "  died 
1827. 

KiTTEL,  Christoph,  court  organist 
and  composer  at  Dresden,  published 
there,  in  1657,  twelve  canticles  for  four 
voices. 

KiTTEL,  JoHANN  CHRISTIAN,  Organist 
at  Erfurt,  was  born  there  in  1732.  He 
was  a  pupil  of  the  great  Sebastian  Bach, 
and  in  all  respects  worthy  of  his  master. 
He  published  "6  Sons,  fiirs  Klavier,'^ 
1787 ;  died  1809. 

KiTTL,  JoHANN  Friedrich,  born  at 
Warlik,  Bohemia,  May  8,  1809;  became 
celebrated  as  a  composer;  was  chosen 
director  of  the  Prague  Conservatorium, 
1843 ;  after  which  he  composed  a  num- 
ber of  successful  operas. 

Klackel,  Stephan,  or  Paten", 
chapel-master  at  Prague,  was  bom  in 
1753.  He  was  an  excellent  violinist, 
and  was  heard  in  most  of  the  capitals 
of  Europe ;  died  in  1788. 


76 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Klengel,  a.  a.,  a  German  composer 
residing  in  Austria;  his  works  are  nu- 
merous. 

Kles,  F.,  a  German  instrumental 
composer;  published  some  violin  con- 
certos at  Breslau,  since  the  year  1786. 

Kletzinski,  Johanx,  an  instrumen- 
tal composer  of  some  eminence ;  resided 
at  Vienna  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last 
century,  and  published  there  several 
operas  of  violin  music. 

Klingemann,  Gael,  musician  and 
poet,  furnished  the  words  to  many  of 
Mendelssohn's  songs;  was  the  trustee 
of  the  scholarship  fund,  by  which  an 
English  pupil  is  sustained  at  Leipsic; 
died  in  London,  1862 ;  Mrs.  Goldschmidt 
(Jenny  Lind)  was  elected  to  fill  his 
place. 

Klingenstein,  Bernhard,  director 
of  the  music  at  Augsburg  in  the  year 
1600;  he  published  many  sacred  compo- 
sitions for  the  church. 

Klockenbring,  Friedrich  Ar- 
nold, published  in  1787  a  work  enti- 
tled "•  Aussetzungen  verschiedenen,^'  &c. ; 
died  at  Steinfurt,  1795. 

Kloeffler,  Johann  Friedrich,  an 
instrumental  composer ;  published  many 
works  for  the  flute,  violin,  and  piano- 
forte ;  died  at  Steinfurt  about  the  year 
1792. 

Klose,  F.  J.,  a  native  of  London, 
was  an  able  instrumental  performer, 
and  a  member  of  most  of  the  orchestras 
in  London,  particularly  of  the  King's 
Theatre  and  Concert  of  Ancient  Music ; 
as  a  composer,  he  was  most  esteemed 
for  facile  works ;  died  1830. 

Klots,  Mathias,  George,  and  Se- 
bastian, brothers,  were  apprentices  of 
Jacob  Steiner,  at  Absone,  and  after- 
wards, from  his  models,  made  instru- 
ments that  were  mistaken  for  those  of 
the  master. 

Klugling,  organist  of  the  Church 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  at  Dantzic,  in 
1782 ;  he  was  considered  among  the  best 
composers  of  his  time  on  the  organ  and 
harpsichord,  in  the  style  of  Schobert. 

Knafel,  Joseph  Leopold,  a  musi- 
cian resident  at  Vienna,  known  by  the 
following  compositions:  '■'Sept  Varia- 
tions pour  le  Clav.  siir  le  Choeur  des 
Paparjenos,^^  Vienna,  1799;  "Six  Vari- 
ations pour  la  Harpe,  sur  le  Trio  '  Pria 
c/i'  io  Vimpegno,^  ^^  Vienna,  1799;  and 
^'  Eecueil  pour  la  Harpe  a  Crochets,  cah. 
1,"  1803. 

Knapp,  Francis,  born  at  Chilton, 


England,  1672 ;  was  a  composer  of  mu- 
sic, and  came  to  America. 

Knapton,  Philip,  was  born  at  York 
in  the  year  1788;  published  '■'■  Three 
Sonatas  for  the  Pia7io-Forte,^^  and  vari- 
ous other  works  for  the  voice,  the  piano- 
forte, and  the  harp. 

Knecht,  Justin  Heinrich.  master 
of  a  Lutheran  school,  and  director  of 
the  music  at  Biberach  in  Swabia,  was 
born  there  in  1752;  became  celebrated 
as  a  teacher,  performer  upon  instru- 
ments, and  composer. 

Knoep,  Luder,  an  organist,  and 
composer  of  light  instrumental  music, 
resided  at  Bremen  in  the  middle  of  the 
seventeenth  century. 

Knoop,  George,  whose  abilities  as 
a  performer  on  the  violoncello  were 
highly  esteemed  in  this  country,  died  at 
Philadelphia,  on  the  twenty-fifth  day 
of  December,  1849.  The  orchestras  of 
the  theatres  performed  a  dirge  at  his 
burial  in  honor  of  him. 

Knorr,  Julius,  was  born  in  Leip- 
zig, Germany,  in  1799;  he  entered  the 
University  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  and 
graduated  with  full  honors.  At  the 
time  he  graduated  he  was  a  distin- 
guished pianist,  and  was  much  em- 
ployed by  the  noble  and  wealthy  as  an 
instructor  and  concert  performer.  He 
was  for  several  years  associated  with 
Schumann  as  musical  editor  of  the 
''Leipsic  Signale,'^  but  frequently  played 
at  the  Gewandhaus  concerts.  Excessive 
indulgence  in  the  fashionable  follies 
of  the  time  ruined  his  health,  and  dis- 
sipated his  earnings.  He  died  at  Leip- 
sic, June  17,  1860,  aged  61  years ;  known 
in  this  country  by  his  piano-forte  in- 
structor. 

Knox  published,  1565,  the  first  book 
printed  in  Scotland  containing  musical 
notation,  "The  Liturgy  and  Psalms;^' 
in  this  the  Psalms  are  set  to  particular 
tunes,  printed  from  music  type. 

KxoxviLLE  Harmony,  John  B. 
Jackson,  Pumkintown,  East  Tenn., 
1838. 

Knupfer,  Sebastian,  a  singer  and 
director  of  the  music  at  Leipsic,  was 
born  in  1633.  Some  of  his  compositions 
for  the  church  were  much  celebrated  in 
Germany ;  died  in  1676. 

Knyvett,  Charles,  was  appointed 
organist  to  the  parish  church  of  St. 
George,  Hanover  Square,  in  1802.  He 
afterwards  engaged  as  a  teacher  of  thor- 
ough-bass and  the  piano-forte,  in  Lon- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


TJ 


don,  in  which  capacity  he  was  very 
eminent. 

Knyvett,  William,  was  an  eminent 
counter-tenor  singer;  first  commenced 
orchestral  singing  at  tlie  Concert  of  An- 
cient Music  about  the  year  1795 ;  after 
which  period  he  assisted  in  all  the 
most  important  concerts  and  music 
meetings  in  London  and  the  provincial 
towns.  As  a  writer  of  glees,  his  produc- 
tions are  airy  and  elegant. 

KOBELIUS,      JOHANN      AUGUSTIN,     a 

German  chapel-master  at  a  town  near 
Halle,  was  born  in  1674 ;  wrote  several 
operas  for  the  German  theatres  between 
1716  and  1729;  died  at  Weissenfels  in 
1731. 

KoBRiCHT,  JoHANN  Anton,  organ- 
ist at  Landsberg,  in  Bavaria,  between 
the  years  1748  and  1767;  published  at 
Nuremburg  and  Augsburg  thirteen 
works,  consisting  chiefly  of  harpsichord 
and  organ  music. 

KoNiNCK,  Servaas  de,  a  Dutch 
composer,  died  at  Amsterdam  about 
1720;  published  several  collections  of 
songs  and  some  motets. 

KoNiZEK,  a  celebrated  violinist  at 
Prague,  flourished  about  the  year  1722 ; 
was  the  master  of  the  renowned  A.  F. 
Benda. 

KoPF,  Dr.,  overseer  of  the  establish- 
ment for  the  reformation  of  youthful 
offenders  at  Berlin,  where  music  is 
taught  to  expel  obduracy. 

KoppiTZ,  Charles,  born  in  Hol- 
stein.  North  Germany,  1830,  a  talented 
musician ;  came  as  director  at  tlie  Boston 
Theatre,  and  was  at  the  Globe  from  its 
opening  to  its  destruction ;  as  a  writer 
of  melodramatic  music  he  was  skilled 
and  esteemed;  died  at  St.  John,  N.B., 
June  22,  1873,  aged  43. 

KoppRASCH,  a  German  performer  on 
the  bassoon,  and  composer  for  his  in- 
strument, towards  the  latter  end  of  the 
last  century. 

KoRPONAY,  Gabriel  de,  a  native 
of  Poland,  and  a  soldier;  came  to  this 
country  after  his  nation  was  conquered 
by  Russia;  settled  in  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  and  there  introduced  the  music 
and  the  dance  known  as  the  polka. 

Kosleck,  Herren,  leader  of  the 
Imperial  Prussian  Quartet,  with  Phil- 
lipzs.  Sens,  and  Diechen,  all  cornet 
players  of  eminence,  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1872,  and  performed  at  the  Peace 
Jubilee,  Boston.  Kosleck  is  noted  as 
the  discoverer  of  the  *'  Bishop  £Zonis/* 


one  of  which  he  found  among  the  art 
treasures  of  Heidelberg. 

KospoTH,  Otto  Carl  Erdmann 
Freyiierb  von,  was  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  musical  amateurs  of  Ber- 
lin. He  published  several  vocal  works 
for  the  church  and  theatre;  also  some 
instrumental  music. 

KossLOWSKY,  J.,  chapel-master  to 
the  last  King  of  Poland  at  Warsaw ;  was 
appointed  inspector  of  the  Imperial 
Chapel  at  St.  Petersburg;  published 
some  songs,  and  collections  of  polo^ 
noises. 

KoTzwARA,  Franz.  This  musician 
was  born  in  Prague,  and  went  to  Lon- 
don about  the  year  1791;  after  which 
he  published  some  songs  and  instru- 
mental music. 

KoTzscHMAR,  HERMANN,  bom  in 
Finsterwald,  Prussia,  July  4,  1829;  at 
the  age  of  eight  years  made  his  appear- 
ance as  a  pianist  and  violinist,  and  at 
fourteen  was  member  of  the  orchestra 
"8a.Tomfflns,"  which,  after  success  in 
Germany,  came  to  this  country  1848.  On 
the  disbanding  of  this  troupe,  1849,  set- 
tled in  Portland,  Me.,  as  organist  and 
conductor  of  the  Band  and  Orchestral 
Union ;  composed  much  popular  music, 
and  is  conductor  of  the  Haydn  Society 
of  Portland. 

KozELUCH,  JoHANN  Anton,  chapel- 
master  at  the  Metropolitan  Church  at 
Prague,  was  born  in  Bohemia,  in  1738- 
He  is  considered  as  having  been  one  of 
tlie  greatest  masters  of  his  time,  both 
in  his  compositions  for  the  church  and 
theatre. 

KozELUCH,  Leopold,  was  born  in 
Bohemia  in  1753,  and  resided  during 
the  greater  part  of  his  life  at  Vienna. 
He  wrote  a  great  number  of  concertos, 
sonatas,  and  other  pieces  for  the  piano- 
forte ;  and  his  works  first  became  cele- 
brated in  England  in  the  year  1785. 

Kracher,  Joseph  Matthias,  an 
organist  near  Salzburg,  in  Germany, 
was  born  in  1752;  composed  some  ex- 
cellent sacred  music. 

Kramer,  Christian,  a  Hanoverian 
musician,  was  leader  of  the  famous 
band  of  George  IV.;  was  a  performer 
upon  nearly  every  instrument  then  in 
use;  the  band  played  at  the  palace  every 
day,  and  was  made  up  of  the  best  known 
performers. 

Kranz,  Johann  Friedrich,  cham- 
ber-musician and  violinist  in  the  servicf 
of  the  Duke  of  Saxe- Weimar,  was  born 


78 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION 


in  that  town  in  1754;  composed  some 
plaasing  vocal  music. 

Kraus,  Joseph,  chapel-master  to  the 
King  of  Sweden,  went  to  Mannheim  in 
1756.  His  compositions  were  numer- 
ous, consisting  of  dramatic  and  instru- 
mental music;  died  at  Stockholm  in 
1792. 

KpvAuse,  Christian  Gottfried, 
born  in  Silesia;  composed  some  vocal 
and  instrumental  music;  among  the 
former  are  some  sacred  pieces  highly 
esteemed:  died  in  1770. 

Krauss,  Benedict,  a  good  German 
composer  for  the  church  and  theatre, 
was  chapel-master  to  the  Duke  Clemens 
of  Bavaria,  and  chef-tV orchestre  of  the 
Court  Theatre  at  Weimar,  in  17S5 ;  wrote 
many  works. 

Krebs,  Johann  Lewis,  born  Oct. 
10,  1713;  court  organist  to  the  Duke  of 
Saxe- Weimar,  at  Altenburg:  died  in 
the  year  1780.  Among  his  compositions 
are  "  CoUeciions  of  Exercisea  for  the 
Harpftichoi'd  ;^^  '^  Easy  Sonatas  for  the 
Harpsichord  and  Flute ;^'  "  <Si.c  Trios 
for  the  Flute ;^^  "-Sir  Sonatas  for  the 
Harpsichord  and  Flute  ; "  "  vl  Magnifi- 
cat for  four  Voices  and  2?cfss;"  and 
"  Tu'o  Sanctuses  for  a  full  Orchestral 

Krebs,  Karl,  composed  the  opera 
"vlr/nes,"  performed  at  Dresden,  Jan. 
17,  1858. 

Krebs,  Marie,  a  German  pianist; 
gave  concerts  at  the  age  of  eleven  years ; 
went  to  England  1864;  and  in  1867 
made  a  concert  tour  with  Carlotta  Patti, 
in  France  and  Italy;  afterwards  came 
to  this  countrj'. 

Kreibich,  Franz,  a  celebrated  Ger- 
man violinist,  flourished  in  Vienna 
about  the  year  1760,  and  composed  some 
music  for  his  instrument ;  died  in  1797. 

Kreissman,  Augustus,  a  composer 
and  teacher  of  music,  Boston,  Mass. ; 
published,  1851,  "  Anthems  and 
Hymns,^^  being  twenty-eight  original 
compositions,  well  known  and  much 
esteemed. 

Kreith,  Carl,  a  flutist  and  com- 
poser for  his  instrument  at  Vienna,  died 
previously  to  the  year  1787. 

Kress,  George  Friedrich,  a  vir- 
tuoso on  the  violin,  and  a  native  of 
Darmstadt,  was,  about  the  year  1756,  in 
the  chapel  of  the  Duke  of  Mecklenberg, 
at  Schwerin ;  composed  some  violin  mu- 
sic ;  died  about  1775. 

Kreutzer,  Conradin,  was  born  at 
Mosskirch  in  the  Schwarzwald  in  1782. 


From  early  youth  he  had  judicious 
teachers  at  his  side,  who  quickly  carried 
him  through  the  courses  and  degrees 
of  musical  study.  He  was  a  Swabian. 
He  published  many  works,  but  not  un- 
til the  age  of  52  did  he  succeed  in  pro- 
ducing a  work  of  magnitude,  *'  The 
Night  Camp  of  Granada.^'  This  opera 
had  a  wonderful  success.  Kreutzer 
died  in  Russia,  in  December,  1849,  aged 
67.  Two  years  after  his  death  his  post- 
humous work  *' J.?(re/ia"  was  brought 
out  upon  the  German  stage. 

Kreutzer,  Rodolph,  born  at  Ver- 
sailles, Nov.  22,  1767;  travelled  in  Ger- 
many, Holland,  and  Italy,  where  he  was 
generally  considered  one  of  the  first 
violinists  in  Europe;  composed  much 
violin  music  and  some  dramatic  pieces ; 
first  violinist  to  Napoleon ;  died  Feb.  6, 
1831,  aged  64. 

Krommer,  born  at  Kammenitz,  1759, 
was  a  Moravian ;  composed  sixty-nine 
quartets  for  stringed  instruments,  and 
avast  quantity  of  church  music;  some 
of  his  quartets  were  performed  in  Lon- 
don, 1862. 

Kuhnau,  Johann  Christoph,  a 
singer  and  preceptor  at  the  royal  school 
of  Berlin,  may  be  reckoned  among  the 
most  profound  ecclesiastical  contra- 
puntists of  Germany,  towards  the  close 
of  the  last  century ;  died  at  Berlin  in 
1805. 

KUHNEL,  August,  chapel-master  at 
Leipsic  in  1682,  published  several  works 
for  the  viol  da  gamba,  and  other  instru- 
ments. 

KUHNEL,    JOHANN    MiCHAEL,    a  viol 

da  gambist  at  Berlin,  and  afterwards  at 
Dresden  and  Hamburg,  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  last  century.  He  published 
at  Amsterdam  some  works  for  his  in- 
strument. 

KuLLAH,  Theodore,  born  in  Po- 
land, Sept.  12,  1818;  court  pianist  to  the 
King  of  Prussia;  was  instrumental  in 
founding  several  music  schools  ;  has 
composed  much  music  for  his  instru- 
ment, and  published  a  "  School  of  Oc- 
tave-Playing.^^ 

KuMMEL,  Bernhard  Christophe, 
a  German  clergyman,  published  some 
vocal  and  instrumental  music  at  Leip- 
sic, between  the  years  1788  and  1802. 

KUMMEL,     JOHANN    VALENTINE,    an 

instrumental  composer  at  Hamburg  iu 
the  early  part  of  the  last  century. 

KUMMER,  a  performer  on  the  bassoon 
at  Dresden.    In  1799  he  was  much  ad- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


79 


mired  at  Leipsic,  where  he  also  pub- 
lished some  music  for  his  instrument. 

KuMMij.K,  Caspar,  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  flutists  in  Germany;  died 
August,  1870. 

KuMMER,  Friedrich  August,  a 
distinguished  violoncellist  and  composer 
for  his  instrument,  was  born  at  Mei- 
niingen  in  1797.  He  entered  the  chapel 
of  the  King  of  Saxony  in  1822,  where  he 
became  first  violoncellist. 

KUNZ,  G.,  a  native  of  Germany,  came 
to  this  country,  and  settled  in  Philadel- 
phia as  a  music-teacher;  perished  on 
board  "The  Austria,"  burned  at  sea, 
September,  1858. 

Kuxz,  Thomas  Antox,  was  born  in 
1759  at  Prague,  where  he  has  chiefly 
resided,  and  has  been  considered  an 
excellent  composer  and  pianist;  pub- 
lished several  collections  of  songs ;  is 
the  inventor  of  a  sort  of  organized 
piano-forte,  called  the  "  Orchestrion,'' 
which  has  twenty-one  stops,  imitating 
almost  every  description  of  instrument. 

KuNZE,  C.  H.,  a  professor  of  music 
and  instrumental  composer  at  Heil- 
bronn,  published  several  pieces  for  the 
horn  and  flageolet,  between  the  years 
1793  and  1800. 

KuNZEX,  Friedwich  Ludw^g  Emil, 
chapel-master  to  the  King  of  Denmark 
in  the  year  1813,  was  born  at  Lubec  in 
17G3 ;  was  in  early  life  remarkable  for 
his  ability  as  a  pianist ;  composed  many 
operas  in  the  Danish  language,  also 
several  oratorios,  with  other  sacred  mu- 
sic, besides  many  instrumental  pieces. 

KuNZEN,  JoHANN  Paui.,  born  in 
Saxony,  1696  ;  was  chorister  in  the 
church  at  the  age  of  seven  years,  and 
organist  at  the  age  of  nine  ;  became 
director  of  the  opera  at  Hamburg,  and 
the  composer  of  operas,  oratorios,  and 
other  music ;  died  at  Lubec,  1781. 

KuNZEN,  Karl  Adolph,  according 
to  others  Johann  Adolph,  son  of  the 
preceding,  was  born  at  Wittenberg  in 
1720.  The  extraordinaiy  precocity  of 
his  talent  in  harpsichord-playing  caused 
his  father  to  carry  him  to  England  in 


1729.  He  published  in  London  a  book 
of  lessons;  finally  succeeded  his  father 
as  organist  at  Lubec. 

KuRLAENDER,  M.  Elie,  ouc  of  the 
oldest  pianists  and  musicians,  born  in 
Koenigsberg,  Prussia,  and  passed  most 
of  his  life  there,  a  renowned  teacher  ; 
died  at  Prague,  18.52,  aged  100  years. 

Kurtzweil,  an  instrumental  com- 
poser who  probably  resided  at  Vienna. 
He  died  before  the  year  1806. 

KuRziNGER,  Igx.  Franz  Xav.,  a 
court  musician  at  Mergentheim  in  Fi-an- 
conia,  published  at  Augsburg,  about 
the  year  1758,  a  work  of  importance  on 
music. 

KuRZiNGER,  Paul,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was,  in  1807,  resident  as  a  musi- 
cian at  Vienna;  published  several  col- 
lections of  songs,  and  some  light  music 
for  the  piano-forte.  Kurzinger  was 
born  at  Wurtzburg  in  1760. 

KUTTNOnORSKY,        JOHANN        NePO- 

MUK,  chapel-master  and  singer  at 
Prague,  died  in  1781.  Among  his  works 
are  two  masses  and  eight  symphonies. 

Kuzzi,  Antox  Joseph,  a  musician, 
resident  at  St.  Petersburg  in  1796,  has 
published  symphonies  and  concertos  for 
almost  all  instruments ;  likewise  several 
operas,  among  which  we  can  name 
'^  BeUnont  und  Konstanze,''  and  many 
German  and  Italian  songs. 

Kyle,  John  Archibald,  well  known 
at  one  time  as  the  most  distinguished 
flutist  in  this  country,  was  of  Irish 
descent,  his  father  too  being  a  musi- 
cian and  band-master  at  the  military 
academy,  West  Point.  John  accom- 
panied Jenny  Lind  when  she  sung  in 
this  country;  in  1856  received  an  ap- 
pointment in  the  Custom  House ;  died 
in  New  York,  March,  1871. 

Kytch,  a  celebrated  German  oboe- 
player,  went  to  England,  where  his  per- 
formance was  held  in  high  estimation; 
but  he  died  very  poor ;  and  the  subscrip- 
tion raised  for  the  relief  of  his  children 
led  to  the  establishment  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Musicians  in  London,  April, 
1738. 


L. 


L  is  sometimes  placed  over  notes  to 
b3  struck  by  the  left  hand. 
.  La,   a   monosyllable    applied  to  the 
note  A  in  sol-fa-ing. 


Labarke,  Theodore,  bom  at  Paris, 
1808;  a  great  harp  virtuoso  and  popular 
composer ;  wrote  several  works  for  the 
Opera  Comique ;   was  professor  of  the 


80 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


harp  at  the  conservatoire,  and  inspector 
of  music  at  the  Chapelle  Imperiale ;  died 
March  9,  1870,  aged  62. 

Labitzky,  J.,  born  in  Bohemia,  1802; 
went  to  reside  in  Karlsbad,  where  he 
became  famous  as  a  composer  and  mu- 
sician ;  his  beautiful  waltzes  have  made 
him  known  in  this  country. 

Lablache,  (Louis)  Luigi,  born  at 
Naples,  Dec.  6,  1794 ;  early  took,  and  to 
the  day  of  his  death  held,  rank  in  Eu- 
rope as  one  of  the  greatest  of  Italian 
singers;  he  had  no  equal  as  a  bass 
singer;  high  and  low  comedy  were 
equally  native  to  his  genius;  he  was 
also  an  instrumental  performer  and 
composer;  his  only  daughter  married 
Thalberg,  the  pianist,  and  came  with 
him  to  this  country,  1856 ;  died  at  Na- 
ples, Jan.  23,  1858,  aged  64. 

Laborde,  Jean  Benjamin,  born  at 
Paris,  Sept.  5,  1734;  became  celebrated 
as  a  violinist  and  composer ;  was  a  fa- 
vorite of  Louis  XY. ;  published  several 
important  works,  and  composed  some 
operas  and  romances  which  were  pleas- 
ing and  popular;  guillotined  July  22, 
1794. 

Lachner,  Franz,  chapel-master  to 
the  king  of  Bavaria,  was  born  at  Krain. 
1804;  became  organist  at  Vienna,  and 
took  the  prize  there  for  composition; 
his  works  are  numerous,  and  were  writ- 
ten at  Vienna,  at  Munich,  and  at  Mann- 
heim; finally  settled  at  Munich. 

Lacy,  M.,  instituted  in  London,  Eng- 
land, at  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  1750,  the 
first  matinees,  or  morning  concerts ;  com- 
plaints were  soon  made  that  they  at- 
tracted young  merchants  and  shopkeep- 
ers at  an  unseasonable  hour,  and  public 
opinion  caused  their  speedy  discontinu- 
ance. 

Lacy,  Rophino,  born  in  Spain  of 
British  parents ;  was  eminent  as  a  vio- 
linist; after  visiting  several  countries, 
he  went  to  England,  and  was  leader  of 
the  Liverpool  concerts;  in  1820,  was 
leader  at  the  London  Opera  House; 
published  much  piano-forte  music,  some 
orchestral  compositions,  and  six  popu- 
lar songs. 

Lafont,  C.  p.,  violinist;  bom  at 
Paris,  Dec.  1,  1791;  died  Aug.  23,  1839. 

Lagrua,  E.,  a  Sicilian,  elected  to 
take  the  place  of  Bosio  at  St.  Peters- 
burg, after  the  death  of  that  singer. 

Lahoussaye,  Pierre,  born  at  Paris, 
1735;  became  celebrated  as  a  violinist 
in  Italy;  returning  to  Paris,  was  cJief 


cVorchestre  at  the  Concert  Spirituel,  at 
the  opera  and  theatre;  died  in  Paris, 
after  becoming  a  professor  in  the  con- 
servatory. 

Laiolle,  Franc  de,  composed  the 
melodies  of  many  songs  in  various  lan- 
guages, printed  in  the  Netherlands,  1530 
to  1540. 

Lalande,  Maria,  born  in  Italy, 
1798 ;  sang  with  Malibran ;  died  at  Chau- 
tilly,  October,  1867. 

Lalorne,  M.,  a  composer  and  assist- 
ant of  M.  Carafa  in  writing  "ia  Vio- 
lette:' 

Lampe,  J.  F.,  of  Saxony;  famous 
composer  and  author ;  died  in  London, 
1751. 

Landsberg,  the  representative,  pro- 
tector, and  propagator  of  German  music 
at  Eome,  in  Italy,  gave  every  year  his 
concert,  and  left  a  library  of  more  than 
four  hundred  theoretical  works  of  Ital- 
ian masters,  and  a  perfect  collection  of 
Italian  church  music  of  the  fourteenth 
century ;  died  May,  1858. 

Lane,  John,  bom  in  Sanbornton, 
N.H.,  1788;  played  the  violin  in  the 
church  for  nearly  sixty  years,  and 
taught  school  twenty-one  winters ;  died 
at  Tilton,  1872,  aged  84. 

La  Pieta  conservatory  of  music  was 
founded  at  Naples,  1760. 

La  Roche,  Dr.,  of  Philadelphia, 
owned  a  musical  library  of  four  hun- 
dred volumes ;  was  an  amateur  and  pro- 
moter of  music. 

La  Scala,  Milan ;  deemed,  with  re- 
spect to  architecture,  the  most  beautiful 
opera-house  in  Europe;  and,  except 
those  of  Parma  and  San  Carlos  at  Na- 
ples, it  is  the  most  spacious. 

Lasceux,  Guillaume,  an  organist 
at  Paris,  was  born  at  Poissy  in  1740; 
published  many  works  for  the  organ 
and  harpsichord,  between  the  years  1768 
and  1806. 

Laska,  Francis,  one  of  the  best  or- 
ganists in  Bohemia;  born  in  1750,  and 
lived,  in  1788,  at  Mokarzow ;  died  Jan. 
19,  1795,  leaving  in  manuscript  several 
organ  compositions. 

Lasser,  John  Baptist,  court  and 
private  singer  at  Munich,  was  born  at 
Steinkirchen,  in  Lower  Austria ;  about 
the  year  1790  he  was  tenor-singer  and 
performer  at  the  theatre  of  Gratz;  a 
composer  of  operas  and  other  works. 

Lasser,  son  of  the  above,  became 
celebrated  as  a  musician,  1794,  at 
Vienna. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


81 


Lasso,  Orlando  di,  or  Lassus,  a 
Flemish  composer,  born  at  Mons,  in 
Hainault,  1520;  was  carried  to  Naples 
when  a  child,  but  settled  at  Rome  as  a 
teacher  of  music;  became  very  cele- 
brated as  a  composer,  and  wrote  a  large 
amount  of  music ;  was  also  an  organist ; 
died  in  Munich,  June  15,  1593. 

Latin  Hymns  were  used  by  the  an- 
cient church,  and  her  music  was  com- 
posed with  especial  reference  to  the 
rhythm  and  flow  of  Latin  lines ;  the 
most  ancient  pieces  of  English  poetry 
extant  are  versified  psalms. 

Latour,  M.  Cagniard,  asserts  that 
he  hears  the  tone  La  (the  A,  according 
to  the  English,  French,  German,  and 
American  nomenclature)  of  the  musical 
scale  sounding  in  his  head,  when  he  agi- 
tates it  from  side  to  side.  [See  Nickles, 
J.,  JoBARD,  M.,  and  article  La.] 

Latour,  T.  This  elegant  writer  for 
the  piano-forte  was  born  in  Paris  in 
1766,  and  in  the  early  part  of  the  French 
Revolution  went  to  London,  where  he 
earned  a  substantial  reputation  by  the 
composition  of  very  numerous  works. 

Latre,  Jean  de,  commonly  called 
Petit  Jean,  a  composer  of  the  16th 
century,  published  "  Motetti  c^  5,  6,  e  7 
Foe,"  Dusseldorf,  1566. 

La  Trobe,  Christian  Ignatitjs, 
born  at  Fulnec,  near  Leeds,  in  York- 
shire, England,  1758;  composed  both 
vocal  and  instrumental  music ;  his  selec- 
tion of  sacred  music,  1806,  extended  to 
five  volumes. 

Latrobe,  John  A.,  published  in 
London,  1831,  "  Music  of  the  Church  ;  " 
in  1850,  a  volume  of  "  Sacred  Lyrics.^ ^ 

Laub,  Ferdinand,  violinist;  born 
in  Prague,  Jan.  19,  1832 ;  gave  concerts 
at  the  age  of  six  years;  settled  at 
Vienna,  1850 ;  married  a  famous  singer, 
and  with  her  gave  concerts  in  London, 
1851 ;  in  18.53,  visited  Weimar,  and 
was  appointed  chamber-virtuoso  to  the 
court;  in  1856,  received  a  similar  ap- 
pointment at  Berlin  ;  and  in  1858  went 
to  Russia  with  Welile. 

Laugher,  Joseph  Antony,  Musices 
Director  Delinffoe  ad  Danubium  gloriosis- 
simce  Domus  AustriaccB,  published  many 
very  important  musical  works  about 
1792,  vocal  and  instrumental. 

Lauder,  James,  of  St.  Giles,  Edin- 
burgh, in  15.52  was  licensed  to  travel  in 
England  and  France  for  improvement 
in  music  and  the  playing  of  instruments ; 
was  a  composer  and  teacher. 


Lauduno,  Nicolas  dk.  In  the  Bar- 
berini  Library  is  preserved  a  manuscript 
treatise  on  music  by  this  author. 

Laudus,  Victorius,  chapel-master  in 
the  cathedral  church  at  Messina,  about 
the  year  1597,  was  born  at  Alcar,  in  Si- 
cily; published  "  JZ  Primo  Lihro  de 
Madri(/ali  a  5  Voci,  con  Bialoyo  b,  8 
Voci,''  Palermo,  1597. 

Lauer,  J.  F.  L.,  published  at  Gotha 
"  Klamerliedersammlung,''^  1786. 

Lavenu,  L.,  born  in  London,  1817; 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  years  was  con- 
ductor of  music  for  Mori,  and  after- 
wards for  Liszt;  a  composer  and  solo 
violoncellist ;  composed  his  grand  opera, 
"  Loretta,"  1846;  was  the  conductor  of 
the  concerts  of  Catherine  Hayes. 

Law,  Andrew,  a  native  of  Cheshire, 
Conn. ;  in  early  life  celebrated  as  a 
teacher  of  vocal  and  instrumental  mu- 
sic ;  taught  schools  in  New  England  and 
South  for  more  than  forty  years ;  pub- 
lished, 1782,  '■'A  Collection  of  Tunes  and 
Anthems,"  "  Christian  Harmony,"  and, 
in  1792,  "  Sacred  Hymns  ;"  his  "  Musi- 
cal Magazine^'  was  the  first  musical 
periodical  published  in  this  country; 
was  the  inventor  of  the  patent  note  sys- 
tem, and  published  many  books  in  that 
notation;  in  1820,  resided  at  Newark, 
N.J.,  and  died  in  New  Haven,  Conn., 
1824;  it  has  been  stated  by  Allibone  that 
he  died  at  Cheshire,  Conn.,  1821. 

Lawatz  published  songs  for  the 
piano-forte,  Altona,  1790. 

Lawes,  William,  born  1582;  the  son 
of  Thomas  Lawes,  a  vicar  choral  of  the 
church  of  Salisbury,  and  a  native  of  that 
city ;  was  a  member  of  the  choir  of  Chi- 
chester, and  was  called  from  thence,  in 
1602,  to  the  office  of  gentleman  of  the 
Chapel  Royal ;  composed  some  vocal 
and  instrumental  music ;  died  1645. 

Lawrence,  Alberto,  an  Italian 
singer  of  reputation,  came  to  this  coun- 
try to  join  the  Parepa-Rosa  opera  com- 
pany ;  as  a  barytone  he  made  his  debut 
at  La  Scala;  sang  at  Lodi;  visited 
France,  Spain,  and  England,  and,  re- 
turning, sang  in  most  of  the  Italian 
theatres  previous  to  coming  here. 

Lawrence,  Alexander  H.,  of 
Washington,  D.C.,  celebrated  as  a  mu- 
sician, and  for  his  collection  of  quartet 
music  of  the  old  masters ;  a  member  of 
the  quartet  party  with  Carusi,  Burke, 
and  Kley,  himself  playing  the  violon- 
cello. 

Laws,   Henry,  born    at   Salisbury, 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


England,  1600 ;  introduced  Italian  music 
into  England;  set  Milton's  "  Comus^^  to 
music;  published  the  "  Treasury  of  Mu- 
sic ;^^  wrote  many  songs  and  much 
other  music ;  wrote  a  coronation  anthem 
for  King  Charles  II.,  and  died  1662. 

Layolle,  Aleman,  organist  at 
Lyons,  about  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth 
century  published  *'  Chansons  et  Voix- 
de-ville  a  quatre  Voix,'^  Lyons,  1561. 

Lays,  Feanqois,  a  singer  of  the  opera 
at  Paris,  who  had  a  brilliant  reputation, 
was  born  in  1758;  was  professor  of  sing- 
ing in  the  conservatoire  from  1795  to 
1799,  and  subsequently  first  singer  in 
the  chapel  of  Napoleon  I.  from  1801  to 
1815.     He  died  in  1831,  aged  73. 

Lazinsky,  the  bassoonist,  died  in 
1852,  at  Vienna.  He  was  a  worthy  but 
eccentric  man,  who  read  books  of  devo- 
tion in  the  intervals  of  his  performance, 
and  who  boasted  that  he  never  saw  the 
foot  of  a  danseuse. 

Lazzari,  Alberto,  published  at 
Venice,  in  1637,  "  Gloria  di  Veneiia,  e 
altre  Musiche  a  Voce  sola,'^  &c..  Op.  3. 

Leach,  George,  an  English  musi- 
cian residing  in  New  York,  a  brother 
of  S.  W.  Leach,  oratorio-singer,  pub- 
lished, 1858,  "  The  Church  and  Home,^^ 
assisted  by  H.  C.  Timm. 

Leaders,  or  persons  chosen  to  set  the 
psalm  in  church,  were  long  considered 
important  persons,  and  were  given  seats 
with  the  elders  and  deacons  in  church. 

Leaf  Turner,  which  turns  the 
leaves,  and  holds  them  in  place  upon  the 
instrument ;  invented  1859. 

Leal,  Miguel,  born  at  Lisbon;  a 
good  composer ;  among  his  works  there 
is  one  particularly  distinguished,  name- 
ly, "  3/is.sa  a  Nove  Coros.^^ 

Leander,  two  brothers,  performers 
on  the  French  horn,  resided  many  years 
in  London,  up  to  about  1805.  They 
were  excellent  virtuosi  on  their  instru- 
ment, and  were  engaged  in  the  orches- 
tra of  the  King's  Theatre,  and  at  most 
of  the  public  concerts. 

Leavitt,  Mary,  an  excellent  alto 
singer,  born  in  Amherst,  N.H. ;  married 
1777,  and  became  the  mother  of  the 
Hutchinson  family  of  singers,  sixteen 
children ;  died  in  Milford,  1870. 

Lenton,  John,  one  of  the  band  of 
King  William  and  Queen  Mary,  was  a 
professor  of  the  flute.  He  composed 
and  published,  in  conjunction  with  Mr. 
Tollit,  a  work  entitled  '^  A  Concert  of 
Music,  in  three  Parts.^^ 


Lentz,  H.  G.,  a  German  composer 
and  professor  of  the  piano-forte,  seems 
to  have  resided  some  time  in  London, 
between  the  years  1784  and  1794 ;  then 
went  to  Hamburg,  and  played  two  new 
concertos  for  the  piano-forte,  and  sym- 
phonies. 

Lenzi,  Carlo,  formerly  chef  d'orches- 
tre  at  Bergamo ;  obtained  no  small  de- 
gree of  fame  as  an  artist  in  Italy;  re- 
tired, probably  on  account  of  his  old 
age,  in  1802. 

Leo,  Leonardo,  born  at  Naples, 
1694;  a  composer  of  serious  and  comic 
operas ;  was  the  founder  of  a  school  of 
singing  in  Naples ;  was  a  busy  writer, 
and  late  in  life  wrote  many  vocal  works 
and  much  music  for  the  church ;  died  at 
Naples,  1745,  aged  51. 

Leopold,  Geo.  Aug.  Julius,  born  at 
Leimbach  in  1755,  published  ^^Gedank- 
en  und  Conjecturen  zur  Geschichte  der 
Musik,""  Stendal,  1780. 

Leopold,  the  emperor,  wrote  and 
set  to  music  many  canzonets  and  madri- 
gals ;  some  of  them  were  excellent ;  he 
employed  an  Italian  poet  and  musician 
to  write  operas  at  Vienna. 

Lepin.  Under  this  name  was  pub- 
lished in  Paris,  in  1794,  *^ Concerto  pour 
le  Clqv.  avec  deux  V.,  A.,  et  B.^' 

L'Epine,  F.  Margheeita,  the  first 
Italian  singer  of  note  who  appeared  in 
England;  came  there  with  a  German 
musician ;  sang  in  operas,  concerts,  and 
other  musical  entertainments  from  1692 
to  1718;  was  an  excellent  musician  and 
performer  on  the  harpsichord ;  her  sister 
was  also  a  singer. 

Lepine,  a  musician  not  much  known, 
who  composed  the  music  of  "ylc?/s  et 
Galathee,"  an  operetta  which  was  repre- 
sented in  1787. 

Leprince,  a  French  violinist,  died  in 
1781.  On  his  voyage  from  Holland  to 
St.  Petersburg,  the  vessel  he  was  in  was 
taken  by  an  English  privateer,  when  he 
continued  to  play  so  cheerfully  on  his 
violin,  that  the  English  made  him  play 
to  their  dancing,  and  gave  him  back  all 
his  property. 

Leroy,  Adrien,  an  excellent  lutist 
and  composer,  was  the  first  establisher 
of  musical  printing  in  France,  and  pub- 
lished, in  1583,  a  treatise  on  music. 

Leroy,  Eugene,  a  composer  of  Paris, 
published  there,  previously  to  the  year 
1798,  four  works  of  sonatas  for  the  piano- 
forte; he  died  in  1816. 

Lescot,  singer  at  the  Theatre  Itaiien 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


83 


*n  Paris  in  1788,  was  the  composer  of 
the  printed  operetta  '*  La  Negressej^' 
1789. 

Lesgu,  a  French  composer,  lived  in 
the  year  1678. 

Lesley,  Henry,  of  Birmingham, 
England,  oratorio  composer;  produced, 
1857,  '^  Immanuel,^^  and  in  1858  "Jit- 
dith,^^  poem  by  H.  F.  Chorley. 

Leslie,  Benjamin,  of  Bradford, 
Mass.,  published,  1811,  ^'The  Concert 
Uarmony,  or  Youth'' fi  Assistant,'^  many 
of  the  tunes  being  original;  composed 
much  psalmody,  and  was  a  teacher  in 
Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire. 

L'espinasse,  M.,  a  professor  of  sing- 
ing in  the  Paris  Conservatoire;  died 
March,  1867. 

Lessel,  V.  F.,  a  musician  at  Vienna, 
one  of  the  three  pupils  of  Haydn,  pub- 
lished there  '^Ariette  pour  le  Clav.  avec 
Far.,"  1797,  and  some  other  composi- 
tions. 

Lessing,  Gotthold  Ephraim,  bom 
at  Pasewalk,  in  Pomerania,  in  1729; 
by  his  genius  and  learning  acquired 
deep  insight  into  what  is  really  beauti- 
ful, and  became  a  good  composer ;  died 
1781. 

Lesueur,  Jean  FRANgois,  conductor 
of  Napoleon's  chamber-music;  born 
1766 ;  was  chapel-master  of  Notre  Dame, 
Paris,  for  which  he  composed  many 
oratorios,  masses,  and  motets ;  for  thirty 
years  he  was  considered  in  the  first 
rank  of  church  composers  in  Europe; 
he  wrote  several  operas. 

Letendart,  N.,  a  pianist,  born  at 
Paris  1770,  was  considered  in  France  as 
the  best  pupil  of  Balbatre;  composed 
some  music  for  his  instrument. 

Letterio,  Marino,  an  instrumental- 
ist, probably  from  Italy,  acquired  noto- 
riety in  Paris  by  his  ''Six  Duosfaciles  et 
progress,  pour  deux  Hautbois^''''  Op.  2, 
Paris,  1801. 

Leuthard,  Johann  Daniel,  born 
at  Kerlsberg,  near  Rudolstadt,  in  1706, 
was  taught  the  piano-forte,  and  in  1727 
the  violin.  After  this  he  entered,  in 
1730,  as  musician  in  the  service  of  the 
Duke  of  Weimar.  Here  he  composed 
several  instrumental  works  for  the  court 
band. 

Leutner,  Madame  Peschka,  a 
native  of  Vienna,  has  sung  in  every 
European  capital  of  note,  and  has  a  life 
engagement  at  the  Leipsic  opera;  came 
to  this  country,  1872,  and  was  heard  at 
the  Peace  Jubilee;  the  arias  yfiih.fiute 


accompaniment,  in  which  the  player 
varies  the  air  and  is  followed  by  the 
wonderful  singer  with  nicety  and  accu- 
racy, show  what  control  she  has  of  her 
voice,  as  well  as  its  astonishing  range. 

Levasseur,  Jean  Henri,  called 
Levasseur  the  Younger,  was  chamber- 
musician  to  Napoleon,  and  first  violon- 
cellist at  the  Grand  Opera;  composed 
much  music  for  the  violoncello  and 
piano-forte ;  died  in  1823. 

Levasseur,  M.,  a  celebrated  bass 
singer  of  the  Grand  Opera,  after  a  pro- 
fessional career  of  42  years,  retired  in 
1853. 

Levasseur,  Nicholas  Prosper, 
born  at  Picardy,  1790 ;  made  his  debut 
in  opera,  1813 ;  sang  in  England  and 
Italy,  and  after  retiring,  1852,  became 
a  professor  at  the  Paris  Conservatory, 
and  died  1871,  aged  81. 

Levasseur,  Pierre  FRANgois, 
called  Levasseur  the  Elder,  was  born  at 
Abbeville  in  1753.  He  was  a  celebrated 
violoncellist  in  the  orchestra  of  the 
Grand  Opera  at  Paris,  where  he  died  in 
1815. 

Levassor,  a  well-known  French 
comedian  and  singer,  who  had  been  a 
public  performer  forty  years,  died  at 
Paris,  January,  1870,  aged  62. 

Levesque,  a  musician  in  Paris  about 
1790,  published,  conjointly  with  Beche, 
^'Solfeges  d^Italie,  avec  la  Basse  chiffree 
par  Leo,  Durante,  Scarlatti,  Hasse,  Por- 
pora,''  &c.,  Paris. 

Levett,  an  English  composer,  pub- 
lished the  following  works :  '' Liiroduc- 
tory  Lessons  on  Singing,  particularly 
Psalmody,  to  ichich  are  annexed  several 
Psalm-Tunes,  in  four  Parts,  proper  for 
practice,''^  ''New  Year''s  Anthem,^* 
''Hymn  for  Easter  Day,^'  '^Hymn  for 
Christmas  Bay,''^  and  "Hymn  for  Whit- 
sunday.'^ 

Levi,  Steffano,  formerly  organist  in 
the  Church  of  St.  Blasius  at  Codogno, 
in  the  Milanese,  published  "Salmi," 
Milano,  1647. 

Levis,  Antonio,  an  artist,  placed 
among  the  composers  of  the  first  rank 
in  the  "Lidice  de  Spetfac,"  1791;  pro- 
duced "La  Contadina  in  Corte,''  opera 
buffa,  and  "Isabella  e  Bodrigo,''  opera 
buffa,  1788. 

Levy,  Michel,  a  popular  music- 
teacher;  died  in  Paris,  April,  1870,  ag<d 
51. 

Levy,  a  celebrated  cometist,  and 
member  of  the  9th  Regiment  Band,  New 


84 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


York,  was  engaged  to  play  for  the  Em- 
peror of  Russia,  1872,  at  St.  Petersburg. 

Lewy,  Richaud,  after  becoming 
known  in  Vienna  as  a  performer  on  the 
violin  in  the  Karnthnerthor  Orchestra, 
and  composing  some  string-quartets  and 
piano-forte  pieces,  was,  in  1859,  ap- 
pointed a  professor  in  the  conservato- 
rium. 

Leyboene,  George,  wrote  the  song 
^^Champagne  Charley,'^  and  other  popu- 
lar songs ;  this  song  was  named  because 
the  sobriquet  had  been  applied  to  Mr. 
Charles  Wright,  a  wine-merchant  under 
the  Opera  Colonnade,  Haymarket,  Lon- 
don. 

LiCHTENSTEIN,    LOUIS,   BARON  VON, 

of  Lahm  and  Heiligersdorf,  obtained 
high  rank  in  Germany  as  a  composer 
and  singer;  was  a  performer  on  the 
violin,  and  wrote  the  words  for  many 
operas;  in  1800  he  was  director  of  the 
Court  Theatre  at  Vienna. 

LiEBE,  Therese,  born  at  Strasburg, 
Germany,  1855;  but  soon  a  resident  of 
London,  where  she  had  great  success, 
as  well  as  at  Paris;  on  leaving  Paris 
she  appeared  at  most  of  the  courts  of 
Europe. 

LiEBERT,  chapel-master  to  the  Prince 
of  Thurn  and  Taxis,  at  Regensburg,  in 
1796 ;  was  a  good  composer. 

LlEBESKIND,     GeOEG     GOTTHILF,     a 

celebrated  flutist  in  the  service  of  the 
Margrave  of  Anspach,  was  born  in  1732. 

LlEBESKIND,    JOHANN    HeINRICH,    a 

son  of  the  above,  lived,  in  1807,  at  Bam- 
berg; is  equally  familiar  with  musical 
literature,  and  with  the  nature  and 
powers  of  the  flute. 

LiEBiCH,  Frank,  at  the  age  of  eight 
years  performed  classical  solos  on  the 
piano-forte  and  harmonium,  at  Bright- 
on, England. 

LlEBICH,  GOTTRIED         SlEGMUNB, 

chapel-master  to  the  Count  of  Reuss- 
Planischen,  was  born  at  Frankenberg, 
in  Meissen,  in  1672 ;  proceeded  to  Dres- 
den, where  he  devoted  himself  entirely 
to  music,  in  which  profession  his  beau- 
tiful tenor  voice  afforded  him  a  great 
advantage;  died  1727. 

LiER,  Miss  Van,  bom  at  Amsterdam, 
1857,  made  her  debut  at  five  years  of  age, 
and  has  become  celebrated  as  a  pianist. 

LiFONTi,  M.,  manufacturer  of  stringed 
instruments,  Cons^^fAntinople,  perfected, 
1873,  piano-forte  mechanism  claimed  to 
assist  the  learner  in  the  matter  of  touch 
and  facility. 


LiGNE,  Prinz  Karl  De,  published  at 
Vienna,  of  his  own  composition,  "i?e- 
cueil  1,  2,  3,  de  Six  Airs  Francois  pour 
le  Clavecin,''^  Vienna,  1791. 

LiGou,  Pierre,  an  abbe,  born  at 
Avignon  in  1749,  was  appointed  organist 
at  Alais  in  1769.  He  composed  several 
operettas,  also  some  church  music, 
which  had  much  success. 

LiLiEN,  Baroness  Antoinette  de, 
an  amateur  at  Vienna,  whose  composi- 
tions are  praised  for  their  powerful 
stvle.  She  published  several  works  at 
Vienna,  1799. 

LiLiEN,  Baroness  Josephine  de, 
probably  sister  to  the  preceding,  pub- 
lished "I>ix  Variations  pour  le  Clav.  sur 
une  Bomance,"  1800,  at  Vienna. 

Lilly,  Edward,  of  Lancaster,  O.; 
a  natural  contrapuntist;  readily  accom- 
panies on  the  piano-forte  any  piece  of 
music,  sung  or  played ;  can  make  sudden 
transitions  from  one  key  to  another,  and 
has  the  power  of  extemporaneous  com- 
position ;  the  slightest  error  in  harmony 
he  at  once  hears  ;  has  never  been  taught 
only  as  nature  has  educated  him. 

LiNC,  OR  Link,  Wenzel,  was  born  at 
Colditz  in  the  year  1483 ;  died  in  1547. 
Among  his  numerous  writings  are  some 
psalms,  1523. 

LiND,  Jenny  (Madame  Gold- 
schmidt),  born  in  Stockholm,  Feb.  8, 
1820 ;  won  her  way  to  the  head  of 
soprano  singers ;  became  famous  in 
Europe;  came  to  this  country,  1850; 
married  Otto  Goldschmidt  of  Hamburg, 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  February,  1852  ;  made 
a  tour  of  the  United  States,  and  returned 
to  Europe,  fixing  their  residence  at 
Dresden ;  she  was  a  great  singer,  and 
made  a  conscience  of  her  art. 

Lindley,  Robert,  born  at  Rotheram, 
in  Yorkshire,  in  the  year  1777.  In  1794 
he  succeeded  Sperati  as  first  violoncello 
at  the  King's  Theatre;  was  considered 
as  second  to  no  violoncellist  in  Europe. 
He  composed  several  concertos  and 
other  works  for  his  instrument;  died 
June  13,  1855,  aged  78. 

Lindley,  William,  son  of  the  pre- 
ceding, was  bom  in  the  year  1802 ;  has 
regularly  played  at  the  Philharmonic, 
Ancient,  and  other  concerts,  and  been 
engaged  in  the  orchestra  of  the  King's 
Theatre  since  the  year  1819. 

Lindner,  Adolf,  a  celebrated  cornet- 
player  and  member  of  the  orchestra  of 
the  Stadt  Theatre ;  died  at  Leipsie,  May, 
1867. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


85 


Lindner,  Feiedeich,  born  in  Sile- 
sia, was  celebrated  as  a  singer  and  com- 
poser at  Nuremburg;  published  three 
volumes,  ^^ Musical  Gems,'^  and  much 
other  music,  1590. 

LiNDPAiNTEE,  Peter  JOSEPH,  born 
at  Coblentz  on  the  Rhine,  Dec.  8,  1791 ; 
was  conductor  of  music  in  London, 
1853;  composed  for  the  theatre,  the 
church,  and  concert-room;  was  the 
most  prolific  and  successful  composer 
of  his  time,  and  a  member  of  nearly  all 
the  musical  societies  of  Germany ;  died 
Aug.  21,  1856,  aged  65. 

LiNDPAiNTEE,  JACOB,  father  of  the 
above,  was  a  celebrated  opera-singer  at 
Augsburg,  where  with  his  family  he 
settled,  1795,  and  remained  there  during 
life. 

Lindsay,  Lady  Ann,  born  Dec.  8, 
1750;  celebrated  as  the  author  of  "J.mM 
JRohin  Gray,^'  and  other  poems;  died  in 
London  May  6,  1825,  aged  75. 

Ling,  W.,  a  musician  in  London, 
about  the  year  1790,  published  "  Three 
Sonatas  for  the  Piano-Forte,  with  a  Flute 
Obligato  to  one  and  two,  with  a  Violin 
Accompaniment." 

LiNGKE,  Geoeg  Feiederich,  Coun- 
sellor of  the  mines  to  the  King  of  Po- 
land and  Elector  of  Saxony,  published 
at  Leipsic,  in  1779,  ^^  Kurze  Musiklehre,^^ 
&c. 

LiNiKE,  JoHANN  Geoeg,  a  composer 
of  vocal  music,  violinist,  and  excellent 
chef  d'orchestre  ;  became  afterwards  a 
member  of  the  Chapel  Royal  and  cham- 
ber-musician in  Berlin ;  was  a  composer 
of  a  variety  of  popular  music. 

Lining  out  the  Psalm  had  its  ori- 
gin with  metrical  psalmody.  The  cus- 
tom came  of  necessity,  and  was  not  an 
American  invention ;  though  among  the 
Puritans  a  lack  of  books,  want  of  skill 
to  read,  and  a  lack  of  conveniences  for 
printing,  made  it  necessary  for  one  to 
parcel  out  the  psalm  or  hymn,  for  others 
to  sing.  It  was  only  practised  until 
books  could  be  obtained. 

LiNLEY,  Maeia,  daughter  of  Thomas 
Linley  of  London,  England ;  was  in  1770 
greatly  admired  and  the  most  accom- 
plised  singer  in  the  country;  she  mar- 
ried the  celebrated  Mr.  Slieridan,  1778. 

Linley,  Thomas,  born  at  Wells  1725 ; 
became  distinguished  as  a  composer  at 
Bath,  where  he  conducted  oratorios 
and  concerts;  was  also  a  teacher  of 
music;  returning  to  London,  he  con- 
ducted the  music  at  the  Drury  Lane 


Theatre,  and  composed  many  operas 
and  other  works ;  died  in  Southampton 
Street,  London,  1795. 

Linley,  Thomas,  jun.,  son  of  the 
above,  born  at  Bath  1756;  performed 
upon  the  violin  at  Worcester  Cathedral, 
Sept.  8,  1773;  succeeded  his  father  as 
leader  of  the  concerts  and  oratorios  at 
Bath;  composed  some  music  for  the 
theatres ;  died  1787,  aged  31. 

Linley,  William,  born  1767;  early 
became  known  as  a  composer  of  music; 
produced  two  comic  operas  in  England 
1795 ;  afterwards  published  glees,  songs, 
and  the  dramatic  songs  of  Shakspeare 
in  two  volumes ;  died  1835. 

Liszt,  Feanz,  was  born  at  Raeding, 
Hungary,  Oct.  22,  1811;  in  1825  he  pro- 
duced, at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Music, 
an  opera;  in  1826  he  and  his  father 
made  a  tour  through  the  French  prov- 
inces ;  in  1830  he  returned  to  Paris, 
and  since  then  has  become  particularly 
celebrated  as  a  pianist.  He  is  the 
owner  of  the  instrument  played  on  by 
Beethoven ;  and  in  1853  he  purchased 
the  old  harpsichord  formerly  belonging 
to  Beethoven,  which  was  offered  for 
sale  at  Weimar,  where  Liszt  now  re- 
sides. 

Lithogeaphic  Printing  aided  but 
did  not  supersede  printing  from  en- 
graved or  from  pewter  plates,  and  it  is 
more  uncertain  than  the  rolling  press. 

Lithophone,  an  instrument  consist- 
ing of  eighteen  sonorous  fossils,  which, 
when  struck  with  a  piece  of  stone,  give 
out  tunes  resembling  those  from  musi- 
cal glasses.  An  instrument  called  Lith- 
ophone, or  natural  piano,  was  invented 
by  M.  Bordas  of  France,  3861. 

Litolff,  Heney,  born  in  London, 
1820;  at  the  age  of  nineteen  procured 
the  situation  as  pianist  at  the  Brussels 
Conservatoire;  from  1843  to  1848  trav- 
elled, visiting  Frankfort,  Leipsic,  Dres- 
den, Berlin,  and  Vienna;  produced  two 
operas  at  Brunswick,  and  an  overture ; 
returned  to  Brussels  after  an  absence 
of  fourteen  years,  wliere  his  works  were 
received  with  great  applause,  and  has 
since  ranked  with  the  greatest  compos- 
ers and  performers. 

Little,  William,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  published  "  The  Easy  Instruc- 
tor,''^ 1798;  used  the  patent  notation; 
was  a  composer,  as  was  his  brother,  N. 
Little;  the  book  was  printed  from  en- 
graved plates,  and  known  as  Little  & 
Smith's  Collection. 


d6 


A  DICTIOJTAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


LiVEEATi,  Giovanni,  born  at  Bo- 
logna, 1772;  became  famous  as  a  per- 
former upon  various  instruments,  as  a 
singer  and  composer;  wrote  many  op- 
eras and  much  vocal  and  instrumental 
music;  settled  in  London,  Eng.,  1814. 

LiVERATi,  Matteo,  a  distinguished 
professor  of  music  at  the  court  of  the 
King  of  Prussia,  and  director  of  the 
theatre  at  Potsdam,  1790. 

Lock,  Matthevt,  the  first  in  Eng- 
land to  publish  rules  of  thorough-bass ; 
born  at  Exeter,  1619 ;  composer  and  au- 
thor ;  died  1677. 

Lodee,  the  celebrated  leader,  died  in 
London,  September,  1845,  in  his  fifty- 
eighth  year.  He  was  an  excellent 
tenor,  as  well  as  violin-player. 

LoDER,  Geoege,  born  at  Bath,  Eng- 
land, 1816;  came  to  this  country,  and 
was  conductor  of  the  American  Musical 
Institute,  New  York,  1846;  business 
agent  of  Biscaccianti ;  went  with  her 
to  California,  1852,  and  became  con- 
ductor of  the  San  Francisco  Philhar- 
monic Society.     Died  July  15,  1867. 

LoDER,  John,  a  celebrated  English  vo- 
calist; died  in  London,  April  14,  1853. 

Lodee,  Kate,  an  English  pianist  of 
distinguished  fame;  retired  from  the 
profession,  1854. 

LoDi,  Demeteio,  a  monk,  born  at 
Verona;  flourished  as  a  composer  of 
church  and  instrumental  music  in  the 
beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century. 

LoDi,  Giov.  LuiGi,  called  Sterkel. 
Through  one  of  his  works  he  became 
known  in  Germany,  in  1798,  as  an  ex- 
cellent and  original  composer  for  the 
piano-forte. 

LoEBEE,  Johann  Ernst,  town  or- 
ganist at  Weimar  about  the  year  1730; 
published  at  Erfurt,  "  Hochzeit-Conzert 
von  2  Stimmenund  GeneralhanSy^  Erfurt, 
1732. 

LoEHLEiN,  Georg  Simon,  was  born 
at  Dnntzic  in  1727 ;  wrote  several  valua- 
ble instruction-books,  some  music  for 
the  theatre,  twelve  ballets,  &c. ;  was 
chapel-master  at  Dantzic,  and  died 
there  1782. 

LoEFGROEN,  Anton,  a  Swcdc,  was 
the  editor  of  an  academical  work,  pub- 
lished under  the  title,  ^^  De  Basso  fun- 
damentali,^'  Upsal,  1728. 

LoEHNER,  Johann,  a  favorite  com- 
poser and  organist  at  Nuremberg,  Avas 
born  there  in  1645;  published  several 
collections  of  music  between  the  years 
1682  and  1700. 


LoEiLLET,  Jean  Baptiste,  of  Ghent, 
a  famous  master  of  the  flute,  and  the 
author  of  four  operas  of  solos  for  that 
instrument;  he  was  also  a  celebrated 
performer  on  the  harpsichord;  died 
1728. 

LoEWE,  Dr.  Carl,  produced,  in 
1855,  a  new  oratorio,  "  f7o&  ;  "  he  had 
previously  written  two  oratorios,  ''■John 
//mss"  and  the  ^' Seven  Sleepers,'^  also 
"  The  Apostles  at  Philippi,'"  "  The  Bra- 
zen Serpent,''^  and  some  other  music. 
He  also  wrote  a  number  of  German 
ballads,  of  a  wild,  romantic  character. 
Dr.  Loewe  is  a  German  composer,  pos- 
sessing a  rich  imagination,  and  great 
energy ;  his  song  ^'■JephthaK s  Daur/hter^* 
first  brought  him  into  notice. 

Loewe"  Friedrich  Aug.  Leopold, 
born  at  Schwedt,  in  1777,  was  a  cele- 
brated perf oiTner  on  the  tenor ;  he  also 
composed  an  operetta,  called  "Die  JnseZ 
der  Verfiihrunr/,^^  which  was  performed 
at  Brunswick  in  1797. 

Loewe,  J.  Heinrich,  an  instru- 
mental composer,  and  performer  on  the 
violin,  tenor,  and  the  piano-forte,  resi- 
dent in  Bremen,  was  born  at  Berlin  in 
1766;  had  written,  before  the  year  1794, 
"  Die  Pfarrers  Tochter  von  Tauben- 
heiin,''  for  the  piano-forte;  also  several 
sonatas  for  the  piano-forte,  and  con- 
certos for  the  violin  and  bassoon,  with 
several  smaller  operas  of  variations. 

Loewe,  Johann  Karl  Gottfried, 
born  at  Lobejun,  near  Halle,  Nov.  30, 
1796;  in  1817  became  known  as  the 
composer  of  several  popular  ballads; 
was  an  organist  and  sight-singer  at  an 
early  age;  in  1819  settled  at  Stettin,  and 
organized  there  orchestral  concerts; 
was  one  of  the  most  prolific  composers 
of  recent  times;  in  1826  published  a 
vocal  method  for  schools ;  died  April  20, 
1870,  aged  74. 

Loewe,  Sophie,  a  distinguished 
singer  of  Germany,  left  the  stage  1848, 
on  her  marriage,  and  died  at  Pesth, 
Nov.  28,  1866. 

Logan,  John,  born  atFala,  Scotland, 
1748;  published  a  revision  of  the  ^'Psal- 
mody of  Scotland,' '  1781;  died  1788. 

LoGiEE,  B.,  was  a  performer  upon 
various  instruments,  as  is  customary 
in  Germany;  in  1796  became  the  first 
violin  at  the  chapel  of  Hesse-Cassel ; 
afterwards  became  concert-master  at 
Gottingen,  which  place  he  retained  du- 
ring life ;  was  also  a  composer. 

Logier,  John  Bernhard,  bom  at 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


87 


Hesse-Cassel  1780,  was  a  flute-player  at 
the  age  of  nine  years ;  went  to  England, 
joined  a  band,  and  went  to  Ireland ;  be- 
came a  composer  of  military  band- 
music,  and  an  organist  at  Westport, 
Ireland ;  invented  the  diiroplast  to  as- 
sist the  position  of  the  hand  in  playing 
the  piano-forte,  and  this  led  to  his 
famous  system  of  teaching;  was  also 
author  of  many  musical  works,  and  the 
composer  of  much  music ;  his  diiroplast 
and  method  of  teaching  made  his  for- 
tune; died  in  Dublin,  184G,  aged  CO. 

LoLLi,  A.,  violinist,  born  at  Bergamo, 
1728;  died  in  Sicily,  1802. 

LoRiNi,  ViKGiNiA  Whiting,  a  native 
of  Boston,  Mass.,  became  celebrated  as 
a  singer  in  the  Mario  company,  1855; 
in  1857  appeared  in  Florence,  and  in 
1859  in  Paris ;  since  which  time  she  has 
been  singing  in  Italy,  enjoying  a  reputa- 
tion seldom  awarded  to  an  American 
singer. 

Louis,  Madame,  a  Parisian  amateur, 
published  "  Six  Sonates  pour  le  Clav. 
seul,^'  Paris ;  ''  Recucii  d^Ariettes choisis 
avec  Ace.  de  Clav.^^^  Paris;  ^' Fleur 
d'^'ptue,"  an  operetta. 

Louis,  Ph.,  composed  music  at  Vien- 
na, 1799 ;  some  of  which  was  published. 

Louis  the  Pious,  successor  of  Char- 
lemagne, inherited  his  father's  love  for 
music ;  he  often  joined  his  choristers  in 
singing,  and  caused  an  organ  to  be  con- 
structed for  his  church  at  Aix-la-Cha- 
pelle. 

LouLiE,  FsANgois,  a  French  musi- 
cian, was  the  author  of  an  ingenious 
and  useful  book,  published  in  1698,  by 
Estienne  Roger,  of  Amsterdam,  entitled 
"  Elemens  ou  Prlncipes  de  Musique  mis 
dans  un  Nouvel  Ordre." 

LouvET,  or  LouvE,  Alexandre,  a 
composer  and  pianist  at  Paris,  published 
there,  about  1796,  ^^Instructions  the'o- 
riques  et pratiques  sur  V  Accord  duPiano- 
forte." 

LouYS,  Maitre  Jean,  a  French  con- 
trapuntist of  the  sixteenth  century. 

Lover,  Samuel,  a  famous  song- 
writer and  musical  composer;  gave  en- 
tertainments in  London ;  he  wrote  some 
popular  novels  and  several  successful 
dramatic  works;  came  to  this  country 
in  1840. 

Low,  Edward,  originally  a  chorister 
in  Salisbury  Cathedral,  was  organist  of 
Christ  Church,  Oxford,  and  professor  of 
music  in  that  university;  died  in  1682. 

Lowe,  Edwai^d,  published  at  Oxford, 


England,  1664,  *'  Performance  of  Cathe- 
dral Service.^' 

Loyseau,  a  French  composer,  flour- 
ished, about  the  year  1679,  as  organist 
of  St.  Martin's  Church  at  Tours. 

LozEK,  the  elder,  organist  at  Prague 
in  the  year  1800. 

Lozenge -Form  Note.  This  was 
adopted  by  the  early  engravers  of  music- 
plates  in  accordance  with  the  mode  of 
writing  music,  which  had  prevailed 
from  the  twelfth  centui-y. 

LuBi,  Mariane,  an  amateur,  pub- 
lished in  Germany,  "  12  Lieder  Jiirs 
Iflavier,^^  1801,  and  "12  neue  deutsche 
Liederfiirs  Klavier,"  1803. 

LucA,  Severo  de,  a  Roman  com- 
poser, flourished  in  the  year  1700,  in 
which  year  his  oratorio,  "  II  Martirlo  di 
S.  Erasmo,^'  was  performed  in  the 
church  Delia  Pieta,  at  Rome. 

Lucatello,  Giov.  Battista,  be- 
longed, according  to  Terreto,  to  the 
celebrated  composers  of  Italy  at  the  end 
of  the  sixteenth  century. 

Lucca,  Pauline,  born  at  Vienna, 
April  25,  1840 ;  became  celebrated  as  a 
singer  1856 ;  was  soon  engaged  for  opera 
at  Olmutz;  next  appeared  at  Prague; 
and  went  to  London  for  the  Italian 
opera,  1863;  in  1866  began  her  trium- 
phant journeys  between  Berlin  and 
Russia,  which  made  her  so  famous  both 
in  this  country  and  Europe. 

LuccnESi,  Andrea.  His  opera, 
"^cZemira,"  was  represented  at  Venice 
in  1775. 

Lucchesi,  J.M.,  made  himself  known 
1794  by  many  pieces  of  instrumental 
music. 

LucciJiNi,  Antonio  Maria,  flour- 
ished in  1730,  at  Venice,  as  one  of  the 
first  composers  for  the  theatre  there.  A 
concert-master  of  this  name  was  also 
celebrated  at  Milan  about  the  year  1750. 

LuciNDA,  Francesco,  chapel-master 
to  the  King  of  Sicily,  was  born  in  that 
island.  He  composed,  in  1692,  the 
opera  "  Gelidaura,"  for  the  theatre  at 
Venice. 

LuciNi,  Francesco.  Walther  calls 
him  a  bass-singer,  and  mentions  the 
following  of  his  works:  ''■  C oncer ti  di- 
versi,  a  2,  3,  e  4,  con  Partitura,"  Milan, 
1616 ;  and  the  sequel  to  this  work,  Mi- 
lan, 1617. 

LucoME,  M.,  of  Havre,  France,  in- 
vented an  instrument  of  the  violin  tribe, 
called  "-Baryton;^'  its  tones  are  be- 
tween the  viola  and  the  violoncello. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


LuDO\aci,  Thomas,  a  contrapuntist 
of  the  sixteenth  century. 

LuDwiG,  JoH.  Adam  Jacob,  wrote 
several  works  concerning  the  structure 
and  use  of  organs,  1764. 

LuELLiN,  Geoege,  was  author  of 
the  additional  matter  to  the  second 
edition  of  Purcell's  Orpheus  Brittanicus, 
1702;  died  1740. 

LuiDEES,  a  good  violinist,  was  first  in 
the  service  of  Prince  Ferdinand  of 
Prussia,  in  Berlin.  He  then  went,  in 
1785,  to  Moscow. 

LuiGi,  an  Italian  composer,  of  whose 
composition  the  opera  buffa,  '*  L^Alber- 
gatrice  riuace,"  was  represented  at 
Dresden  in  1782. 

LuiJA,  C.  F.,  an  artisan  in  Paris, 
published  in  the  year  1791,  "  Trois  So- 
nates  pour  le  F.,"  Op.  1,  Paris. 

LuiTGEET,  F.  H.,  a  musician  in  Ham- 
burg, published  many  valuable  works, 
1798. 

LuiTTicH,  JoHANN,  a  musician  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  born  in  Plauen, 
published  "  Venusgloddein,  oder  neue 
tceltliche  Gesdnge,''  Jena,  1610. 

Luiz,  Feancisco,  a  Portuguese  chap- 
el-master in  the  cathedral-church  at  Lis- 
bon, died  there  in  1693;  was  eminent 
both  for  his  theoretical  Icnowledge  and 
practical  talents  in  music. 

LuLLO,  Antonio,  a  musician;  flour- 
ished in  1550 ;  wrote  a  treatise  entitled 
*'  L'Arie  intiera  della  Ilusica.'' 

LuLLY,  or  LuLLi,  Jean  Baptiste, 
born  at  Florence,  1634;  rose  from  the 
position  of  lady's  page  to  that  of  a  cele- 
brated musician  and  composer;  wrote 
many  operas,  and.  works  for  the  theatre ; 
invented  the  overture,  and  became  noted 
as  a  violinist ;  died  in  Paris,  March  22, 
1687. 

LuMBYE,  H.  C,  born  at  Copenhagen, 
1808;  composer  of  some  very  popular 
dance-music ;  wrote  "  The  Dream  of  the 
Savoj/ard,"  for  grand  orchestra,  and 
much  other  music. 

LuPOT,  Nicola,  born  at  Stuttgard, 
1758 ;  went  to  Paris  1794,  and  was  made 
instrument-maker  to  the  conservatory 
in  1795 ;  he  wrote  ''The  Complete  Musical 
Instrument  Maker, ^^  published  at  Paris, 
1806. 

LusciNiTJS,  properly  Nachtigall, 
Ottomaeus,  born  at  Strasburg ;  studied 
music  first  in  his  native  town,  and  then 
at  Vienna,  where  he  first  became  known 
as  a  teacher  of  music ;  wrote  some  valu- 
able musical  works,  1515  to  1542. 


LusiTANO,  YiNCENTrNo,  a  musician 
at  Rome,  about  the  middle  of  the  six- 
teenth century.  His  principal  work  is 
entitled,  "  Introduzione  facilissima  et 
novissima  di  Canto  fenno  e  figurato  Con- 
trapunto  semplice,'^  Rome,  1553;  Venice, 
1558  and  1561. 

LusTEiNi,  Abbate,  flourished  in 
1755,  at  Rome,  as  one  of  the  first  chapel- 
masters. 

Lute,  a  stringed  instrument,  formerly 
much  used,  containing  many  strings 
which  are  struck  with  the  fingers. 

Lute  Schools.  Famous  schools  of 
this  kind  existed  at  Brescia,  1450 ;  and 
later,  at  Venice,  Bologna,  and  Mantua. 

LuTHEE,  De.  Maetin,  bom  at  Isle- 
ben,  Saxony,  Nov.  10,  1483;  wrote  an 
''Eulogium  on  Jl/it.sic,"  and  a  number  of 
choral  melodies ;  also  published  several 
collections  of  psalms  and  hymns  with 
music;  would  not  suffer  any  one  to 
take  the  ofiice  of  schoolmaster  who  was 
not  acquainted  with  music. 

LuzzAscHi,  or  LuzzASCo.  This  mu- 
sician was  considered  one  of  the  great- 
est organists  of  his  time  in  Italy. 

Luzzo,  Feancesco,  an  Italian  com- 
poser for  the  church,  published  ""Motetti 
Concertati  a  voci  2  e  3  voci,^'  Venice, 
1650. 

Lavoff,  Alexis,  a  native  of  Revel, 
Esthonia,  composed  the  Russian  na- 
tional anthem ;  it  dates  from  1830,  when 
the  Emperor  Nicholas  ordered  it  per- 
formed at  concerts  and  in  representa- 
tions on  the  stage. 

Lynch,  Dominick,  a  native  of  New 
York  City,  and  a  melodist  of  great  pow- 
ers; assisted  D'Aponte  (Da  Ponte),  in 
bringing  to  this  country  the  first  Italian 
opera  troupe,  of  which  Garcia,  tenor, 
Angrisano,  basso,  and  Miss  Garcia,  then 
the  greatest  singers  known,  were  mem- 
bers ;  Lynch  was  manager  and  leader  at 
the  first  performance  in  New  York,  1825 ; 
died  at  New  Brighton,  Staten  Island, 
1844. 

Lyon,  Richaed,  an  Englishman,  as- 
sisted in  preparing  the  Bay  Psalm  Book 
(1722)  for  publication. 

Lyon,  Samuel  Thomas,  was  born  in 
the  year  1776.  In  the  year  1798,  he  was 
unanimously  elected  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Musicians,  and  in  1819 
elected  as  one  of  the  court  of  assistants 
of  perpetual  governors  of  that  institu- 
tion. 

Lyons,  James,  A.M.,  published  at 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  1761,  a  new  book  of 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


music,  entitled  "  Urania ;  or,  a  Choice 
Collection  of  Psalm-Tunes,^^  &c. ;  in  1785, 
he  published  another  book  of  Lessons 
for  the  Uranian  Society,  Philadelphia. 

Lyka  Doppia,  an  instrument  for- 
merly used,  resembling  the  viol  da 
gamba. 

Lyea  Germanica.  Catharine  Wink- 
wortli,  London,  1858. 

Lyra-Viol,  in  form  like  the  common 
viol,  and  having  six  strings  tuned  harp 
way. 


Lyra  Mendicorum,  an  instrument 
like  the  violin,  with  four  strings. 

Lyre,  one  of  the  most  ancient  of 
stringed  instruments ;  it  varied  in  size, 
and  contained  from  three  to  eight  or 
more  strings. 

Lysaugiit,  Edward,  author  of 
"  Wearing  of  the  Green,""  '*  The  Sprig  of 
Shillalah,"  and  other  popular  songs. 

Lysberg,  Ch.  B,  von,  for  many 
years  teacher  of  the  piano-forte  at  the 
conservatory,  died  at  Geneva,  1873. 


M. 


M,  a  letter  much  used  as  an  abbrevia- 
tion, in  connection  with  other  letters ; 
as,  M.  G.,7nain  gauche,  left  hand ;  M.D., 
main  droit,  right  hand. 

Mac  Donald,  John,  of  Dundee, 
Scotland,  published  nine  minuets  for 
the  harpsichord  or  piano-forte;  many 
of  his  compositions  were  afterwards 
used  by  Charles  Duff;  his  "  Treatise  on 
the  Violoncello"  was  published  1811. 

Mac  Donald,  Rev.  W.,  in  1856,  pub- 
Hshed  the  *'  Wesley  an  Sacred  Harp,"  at 
Boston,  Mass.,  assisted  by  S.  Hubbard. 

Mace,  Thomas,  born  in  England 
1613;  distinguished  among  musicians 
by  a  work  entitled  "Music's  Monument" 
published  in  1676  ;  was  a  performer 
upon  the  lute ;  his  work  contains  much 
concerning  instruments,  making  it  very 
valuable ;  died  1679. 

Macfarren,  George  Alexander, 
born  in  London,  March  2,  1813,  entered 
the  Royal  Academy  1829,  and  in  Septem- 
ber, 1830,  composed  his  first  symphony ; 
was  appointed  a  professor  1834;  pro- 
duced ''TheBeviVs  Opera"  1838;  in  1846 
brought  out  ^^  Don  Quixote;"  in  1849, 
"King  Charles  II.;"  and  since  then 
a  large  variety  of  compositions  in  vari- 
ous branches  of  the  art,  among  which 
his  '*2?o5m  Hood"  became  most  popu- 
lar; besides  his  musical  compositions 
has  contributed  extensively  as  essayist, 
critic,  theorist,  and  biographer. 

Mac  Gregor,  John,  author  of 
^''Eastern  Music"  and  other  works, 
1851. 

Machalath,  a  kind  of  lute  or  guitar 
used  by  the  Hebrews. 

Machul,  a  Hebrew  musical  instru- 
ment ;  there  were  two  of  this  name,  one 
having  six  strings,  the  other  of  metal 
and  hung  roimd  with  little  bells. 


Mackay,  Dr.  Charles,  born  in 
Perth,  1812;  a  poet  and  musician;  came 
to  this  country,  November,  1857,  as  a 
popular  lecturer,  and  gave  his  first  lec- 
ture in  Boston,  Mass.  His  songs  have 
attained  great  popularity ;  the  music  of 
several  of  them  was  of  his  own  com- 
position. 

Mackay,  John,  an  organ-builder, 
Boston,  Mass.,  from  1810  to  1812,  with 
Thomas  Appleton. 

Maclean,  Charles,  composed  and 
published,  1737,  in  England,  two  collec- 
tions of  instrumental  music. 

MACLEOD,  H.  P.,  was  celebrated  as  a 
teacher  of  music  at  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, where  he  published  several  col- 
lections of  duets,  &c. 

Macomber,  Emma  and  Clara,  born 
in  Easton,  Mass. ;  known  by  tlieir  con- 
certs ;  are  twin  sisters  ;  Emma  violon- 
cellist, and  Clara  violinist;  travelled 
mostly  in  the  South  and  West;  were 
also  good  singers ;  were  successful,  and 
in  three  years  redeemed  their  father's 
farm,  and  remained  upon  it. 

Macraphe  d'Aruchin,  a  Hebrew 
instrument  consisting  of  several  orders 
of  pipes,  supplied  with  wind  by  a  bel- 
lows, and  played  with  keys;  it  was  a 
kind  of  organ. 

Madagascar  has  its  wandering 
bards,  as  the  Irish  and  Scotch  formerly 
had  their  harpers,  whose  presence  is 
required  on  all  festival  occasions;  and 
music  and  poetry  is  here  a  distinct  pro- 
fession. 

Madin,  Henri,  of  an  Irish  family, 
was  born  at  Verdun,  in  France,  in  1698; 
a  composer  who  succeeded  Campra  as 
master  of  the  choristers  in  the  Chapel 
Royal  at  Versailles,  in  which  town  he 
died  in  1748. 


, V-t-vi-uvj: //^J-^   Au^,,^  ,/r^^J}.  ^  ^ -^ ^ yi^^/li^^ ,  l^ 


90 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Madonis,  Giovanni,  an  excellent 
violinist,  born  at  Venice.  In  1731  he  was 
invited  to  St.  Petersburg,  and  in  1744 
was  resident  there.  Several  concertos 
and  sonatas  of  his  composition  were 
published  at  Paris. 

Madke  1)e  Deos,  Antonio  Da, 
vicar  of  the  choir  of  his  convent  in  Lis- 
bon, where  he  died  in  1090;  composed 
several  psalms,  motets,  responsoria,  and 
other  church  music. 

Madre  de  Deos,  Fr.  Filippe  Da, 
a  canon  and  composer,  born  in  Lisbon, 
flourished  about  the  year  1620 ;  left,  at 
his  death,  several  musical  works  in 
manuscript,  which  are  preserved  in  the 
royal  library  at  Lisbon. 

Madkigal,  an  elaborate  vocal  com- 
position in  four,  five,  six,  and  sometimes 
seven  or  eight  parts,  of  a  rich  and  sono- 
rous character,  comprising  imitations, 
canons,  and  fugues ;  it  is  also  defined 
as  a  choral  glee,  and  as  a  pastoral  love- 
song,  sung  by  shepherds. 

MadPvIGAL  Singing  has  been  gen- 
erally cultivated  in  Europe  from  the 
latter  part  of  the  fifteenth  century. 

Maelzel,  John,  born  at  Regensburg 
1772 ;  went  to  Vienna  1800,  and  there 
constructed  an  instrument  that  imitated 
a  band;  he  next  invented  the  panhar- 
7nonicon,  and  afterwards  his  automaton 
trumpeter;  was  also  the  inventor  of  the 
automaton  chess-player  and  the  metro- 
nome; was  some  time  in  Boston,  Mass., 
where  he  exhibited  his  chess  -  player 
with  the  burning  of  Moscow;  died  in 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  1838. 

Maelzel,  Leonard,  brother  of 
John,  born  in  Regensburg  1776,  assisted 
his  brother  in  butlding  his  automatons, 
and  in  exhibiting  them;  he  also  invent- 
ed several  automatons ;  died  in  Vienna, 
Sept.  7,  1855,  aged  79. 

Magadis,  an  ancient  Greek  instru- 
ment with  double  strings,  tuned  in 
octaves. 

Magas.  There  were  anciently  two 
instruments  of  this  name;  one  of  the 
string  kind,  the  other  a  kind  of  flute. 

Mahoney,  Cornelius,  teacher  of 
music  at  the  Institute  for  the  Blind, 
New  York,  in  1858  invented  a  new 
system  of  notation;  the  name  of  the 
note  is  cut  in  the  character,  showing 
white  in  the  black  notes,  and  black  in 
the  white  ones ;  he  is  also  the  inventor 
of  embossed  music  for  the  blind,  by 
which  music  can  be  read  b)  the  touch 
of  the  fingers. 


Maillard,  M.  Aime,  composed  many 
operas,  the  most  popular  one  being 
"  Lara,^^  which  had  a  long  run  at  the 
Opera  Comique,  Paris;  his  ^^  Dragons 
de  Villars^^  was  also  very  successful; 
he  went  to  reside  at  Moulins,  where  he 
died  September,  1871. 

Maillot,  M.,  one  of  the  editors  of 
"  La  France  Musicale,^^  a  writer  of 
much  ability  and  honesty ;  died  at  Paris, 
April  1867,  aged  54. 

Main,  Sylvester,  born  in  Weston, 
Conn.,  April  18,  1817;  became  a  teacher 
of  music  at  the  age  of  fifteen ;  went  to 
New  York,  1853,  and  became  associated 
with  I.  B.  Woodbury  in  the  work  of 
compihng  and  publishing  music  books; 
he  was  also  associated  with  W.  B. 
Bradbury;  published  the  New  York 
Musical  Gazette ;  was  an  instructor, 
leader,  and  composer;  was  one  of  the 
house  of  Biglow  &  Main;  died  at  his 
home  in  Norwalk,  Conn.,  Oct.  5,  1873. 
Assisted  in  compiling  more  than  twenty 
collections  of  music,  and  was  an  excel- 
lent conductor. 

Mainzer,  Dr.  Joseph,  born  at 
Treves,  1801 ;  was  a  performer  on  sever- 
al instruments;  a  director  of  music  in 
London  and  Manchester;  known  by  his 
popular  work,  '^Singing  for  the  Million;^^ 
published  a  work  on  musical  education, 
and  a  musical  grammar ;  died  in  Man- 
chester, England,  November,  1851,  aged 
50. 

Mairan,  Jean  Jaques  Dortous  de, 
born  at  Beziers,  1678;  published,  1737, 
two  important  musical  works;  died  at 
Paris,  1770. 

Maitland,  Samuel  K.,  born  in  Lon- 
don, England,  1792;  known  as  the 
author  of  a  valuable  work  on  "  Music 
and  Painting,''^  1852. 

Malanotte,  Adelaide,  became 
known  as  a  concert  singer  at  Venice, 
1813;  Rossini  wrote  for  her  the  role 
of  Tancredi,  which  made  her  famous 
throughout  Italy;  after  a  few  years  of 
triumph,  this  marvellous  cantatrice  for 
whom  was  written  the  air  "  Z)i  tanti 
paljyitl,''  died  forsaken  and  partially  de- 
ranged, aged  47. 

Malcolm,  Alexander,  published  at 
Edinburgh,  1721,  "J.  Treatise  of  Music, ''^ 
speculative,  practical,  and  historical; 
replete  with  musical  erudition. 

Maletti,  Jean  de,  a  French  com- 
poser, born  at  St.  Maximin,  in  Provence ; 
published  some  works  at  Paris,  1578. 

Mallbran,  Madame,  eldest  daugh- 


l/V^fcJl^  MLc^JhLy,Aiar  ;  6,  ^(^  ///i-J^^/ZwO^^Jc^^ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


91 


ter  of  Manuel  Garcia,  first  known  as 
Maria  Felicia  Garcia,  and  then  as  Mali- 
bran  ;  afterwards  married  De  Beriot,  the 
violinist;  was  born  in  Paris,  March  24, 
1808;  came  to  this  country  1825,  with 
the  Garcia  troupe,  brought  outbyDomi- 
nick  Lynch,  and  D' Aponte.  of  New  York ; 
Maria  was  then  the  leading  genius  of 
operatic  song  and  a  superior  actress; 
she  married  Mr.  Malibran,  a  merchant 
of  New  York,  who  failed  soon  after, 
and  was  imprisoned  for  debt;  she  gen- 
erously resigned  all  her  property  to  re- 
lease him,  "and  afterwards  they  were 
divorced ;  she  then  made  her  appearance 
in  France,  1827 ;  in  1829  she  appeared  in 
London  as  Madame  De  Beriot,  continu- 
ing to  sing  there  and  at  Paris  until  her 
death,  at  Manchester,  England,  Sept.  23, 
1836. 

Malimba,  a  Mexican  instrument 
formed  of  slats  of  wood,  bound  upon 
bamboo  canes ;  the  tones  run  through 
three  octaves. 

Malvezzi,  Christoforo,  chapel- 
master  at  the  court  of  Medicis,  in  the 
middle  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

Malzat,  Johann  Michael,  wrote 
(1799)  many  works  for  the  English  horn 
and  for  the  hautboy. 

Manchicourt,  Pierre,  a  native  of 
Bethune,  and  director  of  music;  some 
of  his  compositions,  written  1580,  are 
still  extant. 

Maxcinelli,  Dom.,  an  Italian  com- 
poser of  flute  music,  1775. 

Mancini,  Francesco,  born  at  Na- 
ples, 1691 ;  composed  several  comic 
operas ;  excelled  as  a  composer  and 
teacher. 

Mancini,  Giov.  Battista,  published 
some  valuable  musical  works,  at  Vienna, 
1774 ;  died  1800. 

Mandola  was  the  name  of  a  small 
lute  formerly  used  in  Italy. 

Mandoline,  an  Italian  musical  in- 
strument, furnished  sometimes  with 
catgut  strings  and  sometimes  with  me- 
tallic ones,  and  was  played  by  means  of 
a  quill  or  piece  of  wood. 

Manelli,  Francesco,  of  Tivoli, 
composed  the  music  of  the  first  opera 
that  was  given  at  Venice,  1637;  after- 
wai'ds  wrote  many  other  operas. 

Manenti,  Giov.  Pietro,  ranked 
among  the  most  eminent  musicians, 
1601. 

Manfredi,  Ludovico,  a  minorite, 
and  composer  of  church  music  at  Ven- 
ice, 1038. 


Manfredi,  Mutio,  an  Italian  com- 
poser ;  some  of  his  works  were  published 
at  Venice  1600. 

Manfredini,  Vincenzio,  chapel- 
master  at  the  court  of  Russia ;  born  at 
Bologna ;  published  harpsichord  and 
violin  music  ;  also  operas  and  motets. 

Mangean,  a  French  violinist  at  the 
Concert  Spirituel  at  Paris,  in  1750;  pub- 
lished several  works  of  solos,  duos,  and 
trios  for  his  instrument. 

Mangoni,  Antonio,  a  composer  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  born  at  Caravag- 
gio,  published  ^''Missae  Salmi,"  Milan, 
1623. 

Manichord,  a  stringed  instrument 
resembling  the  spinet. 

Maniere,  Exupere  de  la,  a  pro- 
fessor of  the  harp  and  piano-forte  at 
Paris,  published  there,  in  1786,  '^Sixieme 
Becueil  des  Airs  var.pour  la  Uarpe." 

Manini,  an  Italian  dramatic  com- 
poser, wrote  about  1733  in  Rome,  for 
the  theatre  there  ;  died  1785. 

Mankell,  a  German  musician,  has 
made  himself  known  by  instrumental 
music;  composed  and  published  at 
Hamburg,  1800. 

Manley,  B.,  published  at  New  York, 
1851,  ''The  Baptist  Psalmody." 

Mann,  Elias,  born  in  Weymouth, 
Mass.,  1750;  was  a  singing  master  at 
Northampton,  where  he  published  Nov. 
3,  1778,  ''The  Northampton  Collection'' 
of  church  music  ;  in  1805  he  published 
some  music  books  at  Dedham,  Mass. ; 
in  1807  he  compiled  ''The  Massachusetts 
Collection;  "  he  composed  many  church 
tunes;  died  at  Northampton,  May  12, 
1825,  aged  75. 

Mann,  Johann  Christoph,  a  pro- 
fessor of  the  harpsichord  at  Vienna, 
about  the  year  1766;  wrote  much  music 
for  his  instrument. 

Manni,  Dominicus  Maria,  a  learned 
writer  at  Florence  in  the  beginning  of 
the  eighteenth  century;  published  "De 
Florentinis  Inventis  Commentarius,"  Fer- 
rara.  1731. 

Manni,  Genaro,  a  Neapolitan  musi- 
cian, and  nephew  of  D.  Sarro.  In  1751 
gave,  at  Venice,  the  opera  "La  Didone 
abbandonnata,''  of  Metastasio;  and,  in 
1753,  "<Siroe,"  of  the  same  poet ;  retired 
from  public  life  about  the  year  1780. 

Mansfield,  D.  H.,  born  in  Maine, 
1810;  published  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1849, 
"The  American  Vocalist,"  a  book  of  360 
pages;  died  in  Bangor,  Me.,  Feb.  25, 
1855,  aged  45. 


92 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


Manx,  Richaed,  born  at  Southamp- 
ton, England,  1776 ;  published  a  metrical 
version  of  the  Psalms,  1824;  died  1848. 

Manwaring,  Edward,  author  of  a 
work  on  ^'^  Harmony  and  Numbers^ 
1737. 

Manx  Version.  Twenty-eight  of  the 
psalms  in  the  Manx  language ;  was  pub- 
lished by  Robert  Radcliffe,  and  Matthias 
Curgey,  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  1761. 

Mara,  Madame  Gertrude  E.,  born 
at  Cassel,  Germany,  Feb.  23,  1749;  her 
reputation  as  a  singer  was  perhaps 
greater  than  that  of  any  other  during 
that  century;  when  a  child,  studied  the 
violin;  after  becoming  celebrated  as  a 
vocalist  she  remained  in  England  until 
1802,  when  she  went  to  reside  in  Russia, 
losing  her  property  there  at  the  con- 
flagration of  Moscow;  in  1819  she  re- 
turned to  London ;  but  her  powers  were 
diminished,  and  she  did  not  sing  much 
after  that  time;  died  in  Livonia,  Jan. 
20,  1833,  aged  84. 

Marbeck,  John,  organist  at  Windsor, 
to  whom  church  music  is  under  great 
obligations;  for  writing  a  commentary 
on  the  Bible  he  came  near  being  burned 
at  the  stake;  composed  a  musical  service 
for  the  church,  a  Te  Deum,  and  some 
other  music. 

Marcello,  Alless andro,  of  Venice, 
held  a  weekly  musical  meeting,  at  which 
his  own  compositions  were  almost  ex- 
clusively performed ;  the  meetings  were 
open  to  distinguished  strangers :  pub- 
lished much  music  between  1715  and 
1738. 

Mabcello,  Benedetto,  born  at 
Venice,  1680;  was  a  composer  of  can- 
tatas, masses,  and  other  music ;  in  1724 
published  '*  The  Paraphrase  of  the 
Psalms,^^  and  set  them  to  music;  died 
at  Brecia,  1739. 

MARCHisiOjCARLOTTAand  Barbara, 
sisters,  born  at  Turin,  became  celebrated 
while  young  as  concert-singers ;  visited 
the  chief  cities  of  Italy  and  Spain ;  went 
to  France,  and  became  famous  in  opera. 
One  of  their  brothers,  Joseph,  was  a 
first-class  pianist;  another,  Antonio, 
was  a  composer  of  note. 

Marenzio,  Luca,  born  at  Coccaglia, 
diocese  of  Brescia,  1540;  published 
nine  books  of  madrigals  for  five  voices 
at  Venice,  between  1587  and  1601 ;  a  set 
for  six  voices,  and  another  for  three 
voices ;  was  of  the  Pope's  chapel,  Rome ; 
died  there  1599. 

Marguerite  de  Valois,  Queen  of 


Navarre,  composed  mysteries  and  moral- 
ities ;  a  collection  of  her  works  was  pub- 
lished in  1547.  A  French  writer  says, 
"If  it  were  still  the  custom  to  perform 
pieces  of  this  kind,  we  could  not  do  bet- 
ter than  translate  into  modern  French 
the  mysteries  of  the  queen  of  Navarre." 

Marimba,  a  Brazilian  instrument, 
with  twenty  keys  of  sheet-iron  arranged 
like  those  of  the  piano-forte.  The  Af- 
rican marimba  has  fifteen  wooden  keys ; 
it  is  used  there  and  in  Portugal  for 
dance-music. 

Marpurg,  Friedrich  Wilhelm. 
born  at  Seehausen,  Prussia,  Oct.  1, 1718; 
celebrated  as  a  musician,  and  as  the  au- 
thor of  many  theoretical  and  practical 
works  upon  music,  and  the  composer  of 
many  songs  and  other  music;  died  at 
Berlin,  1795. 

Marquard,  Dr.  Paul,  born  at  Dres- 
den, 1836,  became  known  through  his 
learned  labors  towards  a  completion  of 
a  work  on  ''The  Greek  Musical  Writers,'^ 
died  at  Catania,  Sicily,  Dec.  7,  1872. 

Marschner,  Heinrich,  born  at  Zit- 
tau,  Aug.  16,  1795;  became  celebrated 
as  a  dramatic  composer;  resided  at 
Prague,  Dresden,  and  Berlin;  besides 
dramas,  he  wrote  quantities  of  songs, 
romances,  and  instrumental  music;  died 
at  Hanover,  Germany,  Dec.  34,  1861. 

Marseillaise,  a  hymn  composed  by 
Rouget  de  I'lsle,  1792,  when  the  French 
revolutionists  arrayed  themselves 
against  royalty;  the  music  has  been 
claimed  for  others,  and  as  of  German 
origin. 

M.\RSH,  Alphonsus,  was  a  gentleman 
of  the  chapel  in  the  reign  of  Charles  II. 
Various  songs  of  his  composition,  as 
also  of  a  son  of  his,  having  both  his 
names,  are  extant  in  the  "  Treasury  of 
Music,"  and  other  collections  of  that 
time. 

Marsh,  J.,  a  celebrated  amateur, 
born  at  Dorking,  Surrey,  1752;  in  1787 
settled  at  Chichester,  where  he  became 
concert-master,  band-leader,  organist, 
and  composer  of  instrumental  music,  as 
well  as  of  glees  and  church-music. 

Marsh,  Simeon  Bvcr'lw^,  born  in 
Sherburne,  Chena^f^go  County,  N.  Y., 
June  1,  1798;  becAme  known  as  a  sing- 
er 1806,  and  commenced  teaching  music 
1817;  composed  two  cantatas,  "  The 
Saviour,^ ^  and  the  ''King  of  the  Forest." 
Published  at  Schenectady  three  juvenile 
singing-books,  containing  mostly  ori- 
ginal compositions;  setting  the  type,  ad- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


93 


justing  the  pages,  and  preparing  the 
forms  for  the  press,  with  his  own  hands. 

Marsh,  Wilmot,  author  of  metrical 
versions  of  some  ecclesiastical  hymns, 
London,  1845. 

Marshall,  Leonard,  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  a  teacher  and  composer,  pub- 
lished the  ^'Antiquarian,'^  the  ^'Harpsi- 
chord,''  and  many  other  collections  of 
church-music. 

Marshall,  William,  a  celebrated 
composer  of  Scottish  airs  and  melodies, 
and  no  less  eminent  as  a  violinist ;  born 
at  Fochabers,  Dec.  27,  1748,  O.S. ;  pub- 
lished a  collection  of  "Airs,"  176  tunes, 
to  which  he  added  74  others  soon  after ; 
died  at  Newfield  May  29,  188:3,  aged  85. 

Marshall,  William,  Mus.  Doc, 
Oxon.  ;  organist;  author  of  ^'Cathedral 
Service,'"  London;  book  of  '^ Anthems,'' 
1840;  ''Art  of  Reading  Church-Music," 
1842. 

Martini,  Giovanni  P.  E.,  born  at 
Freystatt,  1741;  went  to  Paris,  1764, 
where  he  became  celebrated  as  a  com- 
poser ;  was  one  of  the  inspectors  at  the 
conservatory ;  wrote  much  instrumental 
and  military  music;  and  was  the  first 
who  introduced  a  separate  piano-forte 
accompaniment  with  dispersed  chords, 
since  imitated  throughout  Europe. 

Martini,  Giuseppe  San,  a  native  of 
Milan;  went  to  England,  1723;  was  an 
admired  composer,  and  performed  on 
the  hautboy  in  the  opera,  until  appointed 
director  of  the  chamber-music  of  the 
Prince  of  Wales ;  this  place  he  held  until 
1740,  when  he  died. 

Martini,  Padre  Giambattista, 
a  skilful  composer  and  erudite  musi- 
cian, born  at  Bologna,  1706 ;  has  written 
much  church-music  and  several  valu- 
able treatises  on  music ;  his  library  con- 
tained seventeen  thousand  volumes, 
three  hundred  of  which  were  in  manu- 
script ;  died  Aug.  3,  1784. 

Marx,  Adolph  Bernhard,  doctor 
and  professor  of  music,  born  at  Halle, 
Nov.  27,  1799;  removed  to  Berlin,  and 
became  editor  of  a  musical  paper  there ; 
was  appointed  music-director  in  the 
imiversity ;  celebrated  for  his  theoretical 
works  on  music  and  musical  composi- 
tion; also  known  as  the  composer  of 
musical  dramas,  symphonies,  oratorios, 
&c. ;  died  at  Berlin,  May  17,  1866. 

Mary,  Queen,  a  performer  on  the 
virginal  and  lute;  the  Catholic  service 
was  in  her  reign  performed  throughout 
England. 


Mason,  Dr.  Lowell,  was  born  in  r- 
Medfield,  Mass.,  Jan.  8,  1792,  and  from 
childhood  manifested  great  fondness  for 
music.  In  1821  the  "  Handel  and  Haydn 
Collection,"  his  first  church-music  com- 
pilation, was  published,  and  favorably 
received.  Under  his  influence  vocal 
music  received  an  extraordinary  impulse 
in  Boston  and  throughout  New  England. 
Eminent  teachers  were  introduced  into 
the  schools;  the  Boston  Academy  of 
Music  was  established;  music  was  pre- 
scribed as  a  regular  branch  of  instruc- 
tion in  the  schools  of  Boston,  and  sub- 
sequently throughout  the  entire  country. 
His  published  works,  particularly  "  The 
Carmina  Sacra,"  had,  and  still  have,  a 
very  wide  circulation.  Dr.  Mason  died 
at  his  residence  in  South  Orange,  N.J., 
Aug.  11,  1872,  aged  80  years. 

Mason,  L.  W.,  supervisor  of  music  in 
the  Boston,  Mass.,  schools,  and  author 
of  the  "National  Music  Charts." 

Mason,  T.  B.,  a  veteran  teacher  of 
music;  published  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  1834, 
the  *'  Sacred  Harp." 

Mason,  William,  was  born  in  Bos- 
ton, Jan.  24,  1829 ;  and  at  the  age  of  six 
years  he  played  the  organ  in  church, 
with  the  assistance  of  his  father,  Lowell 
Mason.  He  has  published  several  pop- 
ular compositions  for  his  instrument, 
and  *'  Mason  &  Hoadly's  Method  for  the 
Piano-Forte" 

Masoni,  Signor,  a  violinist,  became 
celebrated  at  Leipsic,  1855 ;  was  a  Vir- 
ginia, American  slave,  who  left  his 
master,  Mr.  Mason,  1840,  being  then 
known  South  as  a  plantation  performer 
on  the  violin. 

Masse,  Victor,  born  at  Lorient, 
Brittany ;  went  to  Italy,  1844,  and  there 
produced  his  first  work  for  the  Opera 
Comique  ;  afterwards  composed  several 
successful  operas. 

Master  Singers,  a  class  of  minstrels 
who  flourished  in  Germany  from  the 
14th  to  the  17th  century;  they  were 
formed  into  corporations;  one  at  Ulra 
existed  until  1839,  being  the  last  of 
these  corporations ;  they  were  succeeded 
by  singing  societies. 

Mather,  Dr.  Cotton,  born  at  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  Feb.  12,  1663;  published, 
1718,  the  "  Psalterium  Americanum," 
and  "The  Accomplished  Singer"  in 
1721 ;  died  Feb.  13,  1728. 

Mathews,  W.  S.  B.,  born  at  Loudon 
Centre,  N.H.,  May  8,  1837;  commenced 
teaching  the  piano-forte  at  the  age  of 


Q.^^.ll 


94 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


13  years,  and  has  continued  in  that 
business  since;  in  1358  was  attracted 
to  Chicago,  III.,  where  he  soon  became 
known  as  a  composer;  published,  1859, 
**  The  Doctrine  of  Chords,''^  their  con- 
struction, relation,  and  progression, 
newly  stated. 

Matinees,  or  morning  concerts,  were 
instituted  at  Drury  Lane  Theatre,  1750, 
by  M.  Lacy. 

Mattei,  Tito,  a  Neapolitan  boy,  at 
the  age  of  twelve  years  appeared  as  a 
pianist  in  London,  England,  and  was  a 
rare  musical  prodigy. 

Matteis,  Nicola,  the  first  who  en- 
graved music  in  England,  was  an  excel- 
lent musician,  and  wonderful  performer 
on  the  violin;  composed  much  music; 
printed  music  for  the  violin,  guitar,  and 
a  Avork  on  composition. 

Matteis,  Nicola,  jun.,  played  the 
violin  from  a  child;  went  to  London, 
and  became  celebrated;  was  also  a 
teacher ;  died  1749. 

Mattheson,  Johann,  born  at  Ham- 
burg, 1681 ;  wrote  a  number  of  musical 
works ;  became  celebrated  by  having 
fought  a  duel  with  Handel,  1704,  when 
his  sword  broke  against  a  button  of 
Handel's  coat,  saving  the  life  of  the 
great  composer ;  died  at  Hamburg,  1704. 
^'T^Iattheav^  H.  E.,  in  connection  with 
John  Zundel,  New  York,  published 
*'  The  Oriole,''''  a  collection  of  youthful 
melodies. 

Mauduit,  Jaques,  an  eminent  musi- 
cal composer,  and  player  upon  the  lute; 
added  the  sixth  string  to  the  violin,  and 
introduced  that  instrument  into  con- 
certs; wrote  masses  and  much  other 
music. 

Maupin,  N.  Aubigny,  a  celebrated 
singer  at  the  Paris  opera;  died  1707. 

Maurel,  M.,  born  at  Marseilles;  at 
the  age  of  eighteen,  won  the  first  prize 
at  the  Conservatoire  in  that  city;  ap- 
peared at  the  Grand  Opera  in  Paris,  and 
then  at  Naples,  Florence,  Rome,  Venice ; 
in  1873,  he  sang  in  London,  and  came 
to  this  country  1874. 

Maurice,  Peter,  of  Oxford,  Eng- 
land, author  of  a  work  entitled,  *'  What 
shall  roe  do  with  Music  ?  "  1856. 

Mauriceau,  Jean,  published,  1853, 
**  Some  Account  of  the  Mrjsterious  Music 
of  the  Bay  of  IFe.si  Pascagoula,'-  which 
he  found  to  proceed  from  cat-fish  in 
that  bay,  instead  of  from  the  spirits  of 
the  Indians  drowned  there. 

Maxlm,  Abraham,  published  at  Hal- 


lo well.  Me.,  1816,  the  "  Northern  Har- 
mony,^^  256  pages;  he  was  a  composer 
and  teacher  of  music:  was  assisted  in 
this  work  by  J.  C.  Washburn. 

Maxwell,  John,  of  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, published,  1781,  a  work  on  "  Time 
in  Music.^^ 

May,  JuLiANNA,born  in  Washington, 
D.  C. ;  went  to  Italy  1853 ;  made  her 
debut  at  Verona,  Feb.  17, 1855,  in  opera, 
and  soon  after  became  prima  donna  at 
the  Queen's  Theatre.  London;  return- 
ing, sang  in  New  York  and  Boston 
1857. 

Mayer,  Charles,  born  at  Konigs- 
berg,  1799,  and  while  yet  a  child  went 
to  Russia ;  became  a  pianist,  and  at  the 
age  of  nine  years  played  at  public  con- 
certs ;  in  1814  made  the  tour  of  France, 
and  afterwards  devoted  his  life  to  teach- 
ing and  to  composing;  died  at  Dresden, 
July  2,  1862. 

Mayer-Marix,  M.,  the  inventor  of 
the  harmoniflufe,  died  in  Paris,  1873. 

Mazaleni,  for  many  years  a  popular 
tenor-singer  in  New  York,  in  1869  ap- 
peared in  opera  at  Naples,  and  at  Flor- 
ence, Italy. 

Mazzanti,  born  1816,  was  a  fisher- 
man; in  1824,  at  the  carnival  in  Flor- 
ence, he  became  known  for  the  immense 
power  of  his  voice ;  was  educated,  and 
soon  made  his  appearance  in  opera 
with  success. 

Mazzinghi,  Joseph,  born  in  London ; 
organist  at  the  age  of  ten  years ;  com- 
poser and  director  of  the  music  at  the 
King's  Theatre;  a  composer  of  several 
operas  and  much  other  music;  also 
celebrated  as  a  pianist,  and  as  music- 
master  to  Queen  Caroline,  when  Prin- 
cess of  Wales. 

McCuRRY,  John  G.,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  published,  1855,  the  ^'Social 
Harp  ; "  it  was  printed  in  the  old  style 
patent  note  system. 

McFadyen,  Joseph,  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  published  "  The  Repository  of 
Scots  and  Irish  Airs.^' 

McGiBBON,  William,  of  Edinburgh, 
published,  between  1746  and  1762,  sever- 
al excellent  collections  of  music;  also 
instruction  books  for  all  instruments; 
was  assisted  by  Robert  Bremner. 

McLean,  Donald,  a  famous  piper, 
who  could  play  tunes  requiring  a  pecu- 
liar pinching  of  the  back  hole  of  the 
chanter  with  the  thumb  in  order  to  pro- 
duce the  octave  tones. 

McNaughton,    J.  H.,  a   native  of 


DICTIONARY 


OF  MUSICAL 


INFORMATION. 


95 


Scotland,  born  1830,  has  published  fifty- 
three  songs,  music  and  poetry,  sixteen 
instrumental  pieces,  and  been  a  public 
bass-singer;  was  connected  with  a 
Western  newspaper  1852,  and  has  since 
been  a  contributor  to  English  periodi- 
cals ;  is  a  performer  upon  the  piano-forte 
and  cornet;  settled  at  Babble  Brook, 
N.Y.,  where  he  wrote  a  work  entitled 
"  Bands  and  Band  Music.^^ 

M'DoNALD,  Joseph,  born  in  Strath- 
naver,  Scotland,  became  known  as  a 
composer,  1760;  compiled  a  collection 
of  Highland  vocal  airs,  but  died  before 
it  was  published ;  his  brother  Patrick 
added  some  to  this  work,  and  published 
it  1781.  Patrick  died  at  Kilmore,  Sept. 
25,  1824,  aged  68. 

M'DoNALD,  Malcolm,  of  Dunkeld, 
Scotland,  published  four  different  col- 
lections of  music  and  songs. 

Mechanical  Flute-player.  This 
automaton  was  full  size,  and  blew  into 
the  flute  with  its  lips,  increased  or  dimin- 
ished the  tone,  and  fingered  the  instru- 
ment well.     Made  by  J.  de  Vaucanson. 

Mechanical  Organist,  invented 
1846,  by  Alexandre  Debain,  of  Paris, 
France. 

Mechanical  Pianist,  invented  1853, 
by  Alexandre  Debain,  of  Paris,  France. 

Medbury,  Susie,  born  at  Baltic, 
Conn.,  at  three  years  of  age  sang  in 
concerts,  and  at  four  was  a  public  per- 
former upon  the  piano-forte. 

Megnin,  Dr.  Leopold,  a  distin- 
guished musician;  author  of  an  orato- 
rio called  "  The  Belurje; "  served  with 
Napoleon's  aniiy  on  the  expedition  to 
Moscow,  and  was  at  the  battle  of  Water- 
loo; died  in  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  June 
4,  1873,  aged  80. 

MehlIg,  Anna,  born  at  Stuttgard, 
1849 ;  at  the  age  of  sixteen  commenced 
her  concert  career  at  Leipsic,  and  made 
the  tour  of  the  German  cities ;  then  was 
in  London  during  four  summers ;  came 
to  this  country,  and  won  much  admira- 
tion here  as  a  pianist. 

Mehul,  Etienne  Henri,  born  at 
Givet,  June  24,  1763,  became  known  as 
an  organist  when  a  boy ;  went  to  Paris, 
and  became  professor  of  composition  at 
the  conservatory,  and  also  director, 
1810;  composed  for  the  Academy,  the 
comic  opera,  and  the  theatre;  and 
wrote  much  national  and  instrumental 
music;  died  Oct.  18,  1817,  aged  53. 

Meibomius,  Marcus,  born  at  Ton- 
ningen,  in  Holstein,  settled  at  Stock- 


holm, Sweden;  wrote  valuable  works 
concerning  the  Greek  music;  went  to 
Amsterdam,  completed  some  works 
upon  music  in  that  place,  and  died 
there  1710. 

Meiggs,  Henry,  born  at  Catskill, 
N.  Y. ;  a  resident  of  Williamsburg,  and 
went  to  San  Francisco ;  built  tliei-e  the 
old  Music  Hall,  and  expended  much 
money  in  producing  the  best  music,  and 
employing  celebrated  singers ;  left  that 
city  in  1844,  having  accumulated 
$400,000. 

Meissner.  There  were  two  musi- 
cians of  this  name  in  the  eighteenth 
century ;  Meissner  of  Salzbourg,  singer, 
who  had  an  extraordinary  voice;  Meiss- 
ner of  Franconia,  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  school  for  the  clarinet  in  Ger- 
many ;  one  of  these  was  in  Rome,  May, 
1770,  and  assisted  Mozart  at  a  concert 
there,  at  the  German  college. 

Mellon,  Alfred,  a  celebrated  Eng- 
lish orchestral  conductor,  and  director 
of  the  Musical  Society  of  the  London 
and  Liverpool  Association,  died  March 
27,  1867,  aged  46;  composed  several 
successful  overtures  and  other  music; 
in  1868  his  friends  intended  to  erect  for 
him  a  monument. 

Melone,  Annibal,  a  learned  contra- 
puntist at  Bologna,  about  the  year  1550; 
published  a  work  very  useful  as  respects 
the  musical  history  of  his  time. 

Meloplast,  an  instrument  intended 
to  assist  in  teaching  music;  invented 
by  Pierre  Galen,  1819. 

Melvio,  Francesco  Maria,  chef 
d^orchestre  at  Castello,  in  Italy,  about 
1648.  He  published  '■'Galatea,''''  Venice, 
1648,  and  "  Cantiones  SacrcB,  2-5  roc," 
Venice,  1650. 

Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,  Felix, 
born  at  Hamburg,  Feb.  3,  1809,  was 
esteemed  a  prodigy  at  the  age  of  eight 
years;  appeared  as  a  composer  1824; 
wrote  his  '^ Midsummer  NirihVs  Dream' ^ 
and  had  it  performed  1827;  won  his 
great  success  in  England;  travelled 
much,  composed  much  ;  completed 
"  Elijah  "  1846;  went  to  reside  in  Leip- 
sic ;  and  died  there,  Nov.  6,  1847,  in  the 
period  of  full  promise,  in  the  spring- 
time of  his  genius,  a  great  and  accom- 
plished man. 

Mendelssohn-Bartholdy,  Paul, 
born  at  Hamburg,  1812,  brother  of  Felix, 
a  fine  violoncellist  and  musician ;  died  at 
Berlin,  June  21, 1874,  aged  62;  his  quar- 
tet parties  were  renowned  in  Berlin ; 


/•f/7h 


'      A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


and  he  edited  two  volumes  of  letters 
concerning  the  music  of  his  brother. 

Mendelssohn,  Nathan,  musician, 
and  uncle  of  Felix,  died  at  Frankfort, 
1852. 

Mendelssohn  Qxhntette  Club, 
formed  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1848.  The 
five  original  members  were  August 
Fries,  Francis  Rziha,  Edward  Lehmann, 
Thomas  Ryan,  and  Wulf  Fries. 

Mengis,  Joseph,  born  in  Switzer- 
land 1818,  became  known  as  a  vocalist 
in  1842,  at  the  Helvetian  Musical  Festi- 
val; appeared  in  Paris  the  same  year 
in  opera,  and  remained  there  until  1847, 
when  he  went  to  England,  and  in  1848 
went  with  Catherine  Hayes,  singing  in 
the  French,  German,  Italian,  and  Eng- 
lish languages;  came  to  Ibis  country 
1851. 

Merc  AD  ante,  S.,  ranks  as  a  compo- 
ser with  Rossini ;  born  at  Naples,  1798; 
wrote  much  instrumental  music,  and 
several  operas;  died  December,  1870, 
almost  totally  blind. 

Mercantini,  Luigi,  celebrated  as 
the  composer  of  the  "  Garibaldi  Hymn,^^ 
died  at  Palermo,  January,  187.3;  a 
splendid  monument  is  erected  there  to 
his  memory. 

Mercury  invented  the  lyre,  to  which 
he  gave  three  strings;  wrote  several 
books  on  music;  his  books  were  re- 
garded as  sacred,  and  were  carried  about 
in  processions  with  much  pomp  and 
ceremony. 

Merddin,  one  of  the  three  great 
bards  of  Wales,  flourished  as  a  singer 
and  poet,  560. 

Meredith,  a  bass-singer  of  Liverpool, 
England,  1853 ;  celebrated  for  the  singu- 
lar power  and  depth  of  his  voice ;  was 
the  envy  and  glory  of  England  until  a 
bass  singer  of  Dublin,  Patrick  O'Reilly, 
who  sang  two  full  tones  lower,  made 
his  appearance. 

Merli,  Righetta,  of  Lucca,  a  blind 
girl,  six  years  old,  gave  concerts  at 
Rome;  has  wonderful  musical  talent; 
learns  and  plays  classical  music  by 
hearing  it ;  is  also  a  composer. 

Merrill,  Solomon  F.,  born  in  Shel- 
burne,  April  12,  1820;  was  leader  of  a 
band  there  seventeen  years  ;  taught 
music  in  many  of  the  States ;  became 
celebrated,  not  only  as  a  teacher  and 
band-master,  but  as  a  composer  of  vocal 
and  instrumental  music  ;  published 
some  music  books,  and  wrote  much  for 
other  publications. 


Merrill,  Thaddeus,  born  in  Shel- 
burne,  Mass.,  Sept.  25,  1777,  was  a  fifer 
with  Hitchcock,  afterwards  president  of 
Amherst  College  ;  was  leader  of  the 
Shelburne  choir  for  twenty  years ;  died 
Aug.  2,  1855. 

Mersenne,  Pere,  published,  1636,  a 
valuable  work  on  music,  which  has 
been  much  quoted  by  later  writers ;  he 
repeated  jni  for  the  seventh  sound  of 
the  scale ;  was  a  violinist. 

Merz,  Karl,  born  inBensheim,  Ger- 
many, Sept.  10,  1834;  came  to  this 
country  September,  1854 ;  has  composed 
and  published  a  large  number  of  pieces 
for  the  piano-forte,  and  some  vocal 
music;  became  editor  of  the  Western 
Mudcal  World,  1870. 

Metallic  Bars,  like  those  of  the 
music-box,  were  applied  to  a  piano-forte 
by  C.  B.  Clapp,  of  Gardiner,  Me.,  1848; 
he  also  invented  an  instrument  with 
strings  on  both  sides  and  a  sounding- 
board  in  the  middle. 

Metallic  Tongues  for  piano-forte, 
made  by  S.  B.  Driggs,  Detroit,  Mich., 
1855. 

Metallo,  a  church  composer,  1650; 
wrote  some  books  of  motets. 

Metastasio,  born  at  Rome,  Jan.  3, 
1698;  celebrated  as  an  improvisatore 
and  as  a  composer;  became  connected 
with  the  opera  at  Vienna,  where  he 
remained  as  poet,  and  died  April  12, 
1782,  known  by  all  the  eminent  musi- 
cians, aged  84. 

Metcalfe,  J.  P.,  of  London,  Eng- 
land, author  of  the  "  Glee  Hive,'^  and 
*'  School  Round  Book,''  1854. 

Methfessel,  Friedrich,  composer 
of  vocal  music,  born  at  Stadtilm,  1771 ; 
lived  like  a  minstrel,  travelling  from 
one  town  to  another  through  .Germany; 
wrote  many  songs,  and  published  a  col- 
lection of  them,  1798. 

Metrical  Psalmody,  or  the  Psalms 
of  David  written  in  metre,  or  rendered 
into  poetic  and  musical  measure,  for 
the  purpose  of  being  sung,  it  has  been 
supposed,  originated  with  the  Reforma- 
tion ;  and  many  have  considered  it  the 
offspring  of  Martin  Luther's  noble  and 
devoted  heart;  but  he  did  not  apply 
poetic  words  to  music,  nor  did  he  have 
music  adapted  to  the  Psalms  for  the 
purpose  of  use  in  public  religious  service, 
until  about  the  year  1517. 

Metrical  Romances,  or  romantic 
fiction,  appear  to  have  been  cultivated 
from  the  eleventh  century  downwards, 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


OT 


both  by  the  troubadours  of  Provence 
and  by  the  Norman  poets ;  and  also  by 
a  class  of  persons  named  jongleurs,  or 
minstrels,  whose  business  it  was  to 
wander  about  from  one  mansion  to  an- 
other, reciting  either  their  own  compo- 
sitions or  those  of  other  persons,  with 
the  accompaniment  of  the  harp.  The 
early  histories  and  chronicles  partook 
largely  of  the  character  of  these  romantic 
tales,  and  were  hawked  about  in  the  same 
manner.  The  basis  of  many  of  these 
metrical  romances  is  supposed  to  have 
been  certain  collections  of  stories  and 
histories  compiled  by  the  monks  of  the 
middle  ages.  Metrical  psalmody  may 
have  originated  from  metrical  romances. 

Metkonome,  an  invention  of  John 
Maelzel,  intended  to  indicate  the  tone- 
time  of  a  musical  composition.  There 
are  now  several  kinds  in  use.  Upon 
Maelzel' s  there  is  an  ivory  scale,  with 
degrees  figured  from  50  to  200;  if  the 
slide  on  the  pendulum  is  fixed  at  50,  it 
will  swing  50  times  in  a  minute,  and  so 
on;  and  50  whole,  half,  quarter,  or 
eighth  notes  will  be  performed  in  one 
minute,  &c. 

Metronome,  Electric,  capable  of 
producing  at  any  distance  the  same 
movement  of  the  baton  which  is  given 
by  the  conductor,  in  another  place. 

Metronome,  Portable,  manufac- 
tured in  Sheffield,  England;  it  is  the 
size  of  a  small  watch ;  a  tape  is  drawn 
from  i<:  which  will  vibrate  as  many  times 
in  a  minute  as  are  marked  upon  it. 

Mey,  Auguste,  the  famous  leader 
of  the  orchestra  at  the  theatre  and  at 
societies ;  died  in  Paris,  1873. 

Meyer,  Leopold  de,  born  at  Vi- 
enna, Dec.  20, 1816 ;  became  early  known 
as  a  pianist  in  his  native  city,  and,  being 
encouraged  by  the  aristocracy,  gained 
the  favor  of  the  Emperor  of  Austria, 
which  laid  the  foundation  for  his  bril- 
liant career;  gave  concerts  throughout 
Europe,  and  came  to  America  in  1846, 
where  he  met  with  equal  success. 

Meyer,  Phil.,  Sen.,  born  at  Stras- 
burg,  in  Alsatia,  1737;  went  to  Paris, 
made  improvements  in  the  harp,  and 
published  a  new  method  for  that  instru- 
ment ;  composed  some  music ;  became  a 
teacher;  and  died  1819,  aged  82. 

Meyerbeer,  Giacomo,  the  cele- 
brated composer,  was  born  at  Berlin, 
--Sept.  5,  1794;  early  became  known  as  a 
pianist  and  writer  of  operas;  wrote  his 
best  wojks  for  the  French  stage  after  he 

^  ^i^>.  ^i.  0^]^  ^ 


went  to  Paris;  became  not  only  famous, 
but  immensely  rich ;  died  at  Paris,  May 
2,  1864,  aged  70 ;  his  original  name  w^as 
Jakob  Meyer  Beer. 

Meyerbeer,  Jaquez,  was  one  of 
the  most  effective  composers  of  his  day, 
and  was  remarkable  for  his  musical  tal- 
ents and  fine  taste. 

Mietzke,  Carl,  leader  of  the  cele- 
brated orchestra  at  the  court  of  Meck- 
lenburg, Germany;  though  upward  of 
sixty  years  old,  came  to  this  country  to 
attend  the  Peace  Jubilee,  Boston,  1869, 
playing  the  violin  in  the  orchestra;  was 
an  eminent  musician  among  the  Ger- 
mans ;  died  at  Neustraliz,  Germany, 
Oct.  19,  1871. 

Mill,  John  Stuart,  one  of  the 
clearest  thinkers  and  most  luminous 
writers  of  his  time,  added  music  to  his 
other  acquirements ;  was  a  critic,  and 
celebrated  for  improvisation ;  died  June, 
1873.  , 

Millard^Harrison,  born  in  Bos-AifV'^' 
ton,  Mass.,  1828;  went  to  Italy;  re- 
turned 1844,  and  appeared  in  opera, 
acquiring  considerable  reputation  as  a 
tenor;  went  to  London,  1856,  and  was 
engaged  to  sing  at  Drury  Lane  Theatre ; 
a  well-known  writer  of  ballads ;  con- 
ducted the  performance  of  one  of  big 
own  compositions  at  the  Jubilee,  1872. 

Millard,  James  E.,  Oxford,  Eng- 
land, published  in  London,  1848,  ^'His- 
torical Notices  of  Choristers.''^ 

Miller,  Abraham,  compiler  of  the 
'^  Psalm-Singers'  Companion,"  a  work 
containing  much  of  Ravenscroft's 
music. 

Miller,  Edward,  a  teacher  of  music 
at  Edinburgh ;  editor  of  the  Psalms  in 
four  parts,  1635 ;  was  made  musician  at 
the  Chapel  Royal  for  life. 

Mills,  S.  B.,  born  in  Cirencester, 
Gloucestershire,  England,     March     13, 


1838;  made  his  debiit  as   pianist,  Lon-   , 
con'c^rts  in  England  and  in  Germany ; 


donAl845;  afterwards  gave  a  series  of  ^^^ 
con'c6rts  in  England  and  in  Germany ; 
came  to  this   countrvK  1859 ;  settled  in    L/^ . 
New  York  City,  where  lie  has  acquired  / 
reputation  as  a  composer,  teacher,  and 
pianist. 

Milton,  John,  father  of  the  poet; 
born  at  Milton,  England,  acquired  con- 
siderable reputation  as  a  composer; 
wrote  many  psalm-tunes,  1683;  also 
wrote  madrigals  and  songs ;  composed  a 
fugue  in  forty  parts ;  died  in  London, 
1647. 

Milton,  John,  born  in  I^ondon,  Dec. 


98 


A  DICTIOITARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


9,  1608;  a  celebrated  epic  poet;  was  a 
musician  and  performer  on  the  organ 
and  flute ;  when  a  boy,  sang  soprano  in 
his  father's  choir;  died  Nov.  8,  1674. 

Minerva  was  the  inventor  of  the 
flute ;  being  a  performer  on  the  pipe  of 
Pan  (Pandean  pipes),  found  that  she 
could  produce  the  same  variety  of  tones 
from  a  single  pipe,  by  means  of  holes ; 
it  was  made  of  box-wood  first,  after- 
wards of  bone. 

MiNGOTTi,  Catakina,  a  celebrated 
singer,  born  at  Naples,  1726;  sang  in 
several  countries,  and  was  famous  in 
Italy,  Germany,  Spain,  and  England ;  in 
1763,  established  herself  at  Munich; 
continued  a  favorite  wherever  she  ap- 
peared until  old  age ;  died  1807,  aged  81. 

Minnesingers,  of  Germany,  were 
knights  as  well  as  minstrels ;  and  were 
wanderers,  living  by  the  liberality  that 
rewarded  their  songs. 

Minstrel.  The  name  minstrel,  or 
minestral,  was  a  title  given  by  Pepin, 
father  of  Charlemagne,  to  his  chapel- 
master;  and  subsequently  all  through 
the  middle  ages  the  name  was  applied 
to  travelling  players  and  singers,  a  nu- 
merous class  in  Germany,  France,  Eng- 
land, and  Italy,  from  the  eighth  to  the 
eighteenth  centuries,  a  period  of  a  thou- 
sand years.  The  few  relics  of  secular 
song  now  at  hand,  of  a  period  earlier 
than  the  eleventh  century,  are  only  in 
"erse.  rtir^' 

Mitchell,  Nahum,  born  at  Bridge- 
wat^r,  Mass.,  1769;  became  a  composer 
and  musician  at  an  early  age ;  many  of 
the  popular  tunes  of  1800  were  com- 

f)Osed  by  him ;  he  published  several  col- 
ections  of  church-music,  among  which 
the  ^'Bridgeioater  CoUection'^wsiS  very 
popular;  he  wrote  a  grammar  of  music, 
a  treatise  on  harmony,  and  a  history 
of  music ;  contributed  to  the  newspapers 
^  of  his  day ;  and  died  ScptcmbcF,  1853, 
'^     aged  84  years. 

t  ,/U^-  Mitzler,  von  Kolof,  Lorenz 
Christoph,  born  at  Vettelsheim,  1711 ; 
singer,  violinist,  and  composer;  pub- 
lished a  large  number  of  theoretical  and 
practical  works  on  music;  assisted  in 
founding  a  society  for  improvement  in 
the  theory  of  music ;  resided  mostly  at 
Leipsic. 

Moat,  Mr.,  of  London,  1852,  invented 

a  new  violin-bow;    it  has    a  metallic 

head,  and  a  shoulder  for  the  first  finger 

and  thumb  to  rest  upon. 

Mohammedan   Music.     It  is  con- 


sidered beneath  the  dignity  of  a  believer 
to  have  any  thing  to  do  with  music ; 
servants  and  slaves  are  usually  the  only 
performers  of  music,  such  as  is  heard ; 
they  have  tambourines,  cymbals,  and 
flutes,  which  are  used  to  accompany  the 
voice  in  the  galleries  of  mosques,  and 
on  festive  occasions. 

MoLDER,  or  Mulder,  Richard,  an 
eminent  pianist  in  Germany;  came  to 
this  country,  1860;  conducted  the  or- 
chestra in  New  York,  for  the  concerts 
of  Agnes  Fabbri. 

MoLiQUE,  Bernhard,  violiulst,  born 
at  Nuremberg,  Oct.  7,  1803;  was  music- 
director  at  Stuttgard,  1826;  visited 
Paris,  Vienna,  London,  and  St.  Peters- 
burg ;  obtained  a  great  European  repu- 
tation ;  became  distinguished  as  a  com- 
poser for  his  instrument;  died  June, 
1869. 

MoLLENHAUER,  Eduard,  1859,  in- 
vented an  apparatus  for  violinists,  called 
'''Arm-Guide;''^  a  metallic  belt  fastens 
around  the  waist,  and  ligatures  extend 
from  the  belt  to  the  arms. 

MOLLENHAUER,    FRIEDRICH,     HeIN- 

RiCH,  and  Eduard,  brothers,  distin- 
guished virtuosos  who  have  given  con- 
certs in  Germany,  were  born  in  Erfurt, 
the  first  in  1818,  the  second  in  1828,  and 
the  third  in  1830.  Friedrich  and  Eduard 
are  violinists,  and  played  in  New  York 
in  1853,  in  Jullien's  concerts.  The  other 
brother  is  a  violoncellist,  and  arrived  in 
New  York,  June,  1856,  when  he  ap- 
peared at  Dod worth's  Academy. 

MoMiGNY,  Jerome  Joseph,  de,  a 
Belgian  by  parentage,  born  at  Phillippe- 
ville,  1776;  composed  at  Lyons  some 
twenty  works ;  went  to  Paris,  and  wrote 
there  some  works  and  much  music,  and 
a  new  theory  of  music. 

Moncoulteau,  M.,  born  blind  in 
Paris,  1800 ;  celebrated  for  his  improve- 
ments on  the  organ ;  wrote  a  treatise  on 
harmony,  a  manual  of  musical  trans- 
position, &c. 

MoNGiNi,  SiGNOR,  gifted  with  one  of 
the  finest  tenor  voices  of  his'  time,  and 
well  known  in  Europe,  especially  in 
England ;  died  1874. 

MoNiuszKO,  M.,  a  composer  of  great 
reputation  in  his  own  country;  died  at 
Warsaw,  1872. 

Monk,  E.  G.,  published  in  London. 
England,  1850,  a  ''Part  Song  Book:' 

MoNNiER,  Albert  Henri,  a  com- 
poser of  vaudevilles,  extravaganzas, 
and  the    like;    also  a  writer  for  the 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


French  journals ;  died  at  Paris,  July, 
1869,  aged  52. 

MoNsiGNY,  Pierre  Alexandre,  the 
French  Sacchini,  was  born  at  Artois, 
1729;  went  in  youth  to  Paris;  became 
celebrated  as  a  composer  of  operas,  and 
director  of  the  conservatory;  in  1802, 
was  pensioned  as  the  composer  of  the 
Feydeau. 

Montague  in  1580  travelled  through 
Crermany,  and  wrote  upon  the  music  of 
that  country ;  he  first  heard  interludes 
in  Germany,  and  observed  the  custom 
of  using  violins  and  tabors  at  marriage 
ceremonies ;  he  heard  here  the  bell- 
chimes  of  Bavaria. 

Montgomery,  James,  born  at  Irvine, 
Scotland,  Nov.  4,  1771;  wrote  '^  Songs 
of  Zion,^^  in  imitation  of  the  Psalms, 
and  ''Christian Psalmist : "  died  April  30, 
1854. 

Moore,  Edward  B.,  editor  of  "  Tl^e 
Brooklyn  (N.Y.)  Union,^^  composed  an 
opera,  ''  Mootla:^^  the  scene  is  laid  in 
Salem,  Mass.,  during  the  days  of  witch- 
craft. 

Moore,  Henry  E.,  born  at  Andover, 
N.H.,  July  21,  1803;  composer,  teacher, 
and  performer  upon  instruments ;  pub- 
lished several  collections  of  vocal  and 
instrumental  music;  and  composed 
psalmody,  songs,  and  orchestral  band- 
music;  was  celebrated  as  a  teacher  all 
his  life;  died  Oct.  23,  1841. 

Moore,  Hugh,  born  at  Amherst, 
N.H.,  Nov.  19,  1808;  a  poet  and  musi- 
cian, and  connected  with  several  news- 
papers in  New  England ;  his  early  com- 
positions were  all  addressed  to  John  W. 
Moore ;  died  at  Amherst,  Feb.  13,  1837, 
aged  29. 

Moore,  Jacob  Bailey,  M.D.,  born 
at  Georgetown,  Me.,  Sept.  5,  1772;  a 
poet  and  musician;  composed  much 
vocal  and  instrumental  music,  published 
m  Holyoke's  and  other  collections;  also 
a  performer  upon  several  instruments ; 
died  at  Andover,  N.H.,  Jan.  10,  1813. 

Moore,  Thomas,  a  celebrated  poet 
and  musical  amateur ;  born  in  Dublin, 
Ireland,  May  28,  1779;  wrote  ''Irish 
Melodies^''  and  "Sacred  Songs ;^^  there 
never  lived  a  poet  that  was  more 
charged  with  musical  sentiment;  died 
at  Sloperton  Cottage,  Wiltshire,  1852 ;  in 
1857,  a  bronze  statue  was  erected  to  his 
memory  in  one  of  the  squares  of  Dublin. 

MoosER,  Aloyse,  a  celebrated  organ- 
builder,  born  at  Fribourg,  Germany, 
1769;   completed  the  new  Fribourg  or- 


gan, 1834,  an  instrument  more  widely 
known,  except  the  Haarlem,  than  any 
other  in  Europe ;  died  1838. 

Moravian  Music.  The  Moravians 
of  Nazareth,  Penn.,  were  among  the 
earliest  pioneers  of  music  in  America ; 
they  used  the  old  Moravian  and  Luther- 
ran  chants  and  hymiis,  as  early  as  1745; 
and  now  this  people  have  regular  musi- 
cal organizations  to  play  and  sing  the 
best  procurable  music.  Bethlehem, 
Penn.,  is  the  chief  settlement,  and  here 
the  church-music  is  very  perfect. 

Moreno,  Benita,  who,  with  her  sis- 
ter, first  introduced  Italian  opera  into 
Spain,  was  a  celebrated  Italian  prima 
donna  ;  died  1872,  at  Estremadura,  aged 
80. 

Morgan,  George  Washburne,  born 
at  Gloucester,  England,  April  9,  1822; 
became  known  as  an  organist,  1847; 
came  to  this  country,  1853,  and  settled 
in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. ;  was  a  soldier,  and 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run; 
excelled  as  an  organist,  and  had  no 
superior  as  a  pedal  performer. 

Morgan,  author  of  several  psalm- 
tunes  that  have  been  popular,  was  a 
composer  and  music-teacher;  but  is 
better  known  on  account  of  his  excellent 
breed  of  Morgan  horses  than  for  his 
music ;  was  a  resident  of  Randolph,  Vt. 

Mori,  Frank,  son  of  the  violinist,  a 
well-known  accompanist  for  the  con- 
cert-room, in  town  and  country,  and 
composer  of  popular  songs,  died  in 
London,  1873,  at  the  age  of  52. 

MoRLAccHi,  Francesco,  born  in 
Perugia,  1784;  became  known  as  an 
instrumental  performer  and  composer 
of  music  when  a  youth;  became  a 
member  of  the  Philharmonic  Academy 
at  Bologna;  wrote  for  all  the  great 
theatres  of  Italy;  produced  operas, 
masses,  and  every  variety  of  church- 
music;  also  songs  and  instrumental 
compositions. 

Morley,  Thomas,  born  1563 ;  bache- 
lor of  music,  and  one  of  the  gentlemen 
of  Queen  Elizabeth's  chapel;  celebrated 
for  his  "Plaine  and  Ea^ie  Introduction 
to  Practical  iliisicke,^' aud  as  a  musi- 
cian of  merit;  wrote  much  from  1593 
to  1601 ;  among  his  compositions  are 
some  madrigals ;  died  1604,  aged  41. 

MoRNABLE,  Antoine  de,  a  French 
contrapuntist  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
of  whose  works  there  are  still  extant, 
in  the  Munich  library,  "Motettce  Muai- 
cales^'^  Paris. 


100 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


MoRNiNGTON,  the  first  earl  of,  was 
born  in  Ireland  1720,  and  composed 
many  psalra-tunes  and  glees,  some  of 
which  are  yet  used ;  died  1781 ;  he  was 
father  to  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 

MoRBisoN,  William,  of  Inverness, 
was  a  noted  musician,  and  a  composer  of 
marches,  waltzes,  and  slow  airs  with 
variations ;  published  mostly  at  Inver- 
ness, Scotland. 

MoscHELES,  Ignaz,  pianist  and  com- 
poser; born  at  Prague,  May  30,  1794; 
appeared  in  public  at  Vienna  at  the  age 
of  fifteen ;  then  went  to  Holland,  Paris, 
and  London;  here  he  became  famous; 
became  a  professor  in  the  Royal  Acad- 
emy of  Music,  and  a  concert  director; 
his  works  are  very  numerous,  and  many 
of  them  celebrated;  died  at  Leipsic, 
March  10,  1870. 

MosENTHAL,  JOSEPH,  bom  at  Cassel, 
Germany,  December,  1834 ;  musician  and 
composer ;  performer  on  the  violin,  viola, 
organ,  and  piano-forte ;  a  resident  of 
New  York;  his  compositions  are  grace- 
ful and  learned. 

MosEB,  August,  son  of  the  chapel- 
master  Carl  Moser,  a  native  of  Berlin, 
became  celebrated  as  a  violinist  in  Bel- 
gium, Paris,  Algiers,  and  elsewhere,  be- 
fore appearing  in  Berlin. 

Moser,  Here,  a  voluminous  com- 
poser for  the  violin,  and  a  successful 
concert-master  and  teacher;  died  at 
Berlin,  1851,  aged  77. 

MosEvius,  JoHANN  Theodor,  One  of 
the  best  musicians  of  Germany,  cele- 
brated for  his  profound  knowledge  of 
the  science ;  died  at  Breslau,  1858,  aged 
70. 

MosKOWA,  Prince,  born  1803;  be- 
came known  as  a  musician  and  com- 
poser at  the  age  of  thirteen ;  owned  one 
of  the  best  existing  libraries  of  old 
sacred  music  ;  with  Adam,  founded  the 
Sacred  Concert  Society  ;  composed  sev- 
eral comic  operas,  and  much  other 
music ;  died  in  Paris,  July  25,  1857. 

MosLEY,  William  W.,  of  London, 
England,  published  a  work  on  the 
quantity  and  measure  of  "  The  Greek 
Chorus,^^  discovered  1847. 

Motherwell,  William,  bom  at 
Glasgow,  Oct.  13,  1797;  published 
*^ Minstrelsy,  Ancient  and  Modern,''''  1827; 
was  editor  of  "T/te  Courier"  newspaper; 
died  Nov.  1,  1835. 

MoTTE,  Gabrielle  de  LA,  a  teacher 
in  Italy  and  France,  came  to  this  coun- 
try in  1854,  and,  after  a  concert  tour, 


settled  in  Boston,  Mass.,  as  a  teacher  of 
the  piano-forte. 

Mouret,  a  native  of  Avignon ;  super- 
intendent of  the  music  of  the  Duchess  of 
Maine,  1707 ;  produced  many  operas  and 
ballets ;  became  insane,  and  died  at 
Charenton,  Dec.  22,  1738. 

Movable  Music  Types,  of  wood, 
were  used  at  Venice,  1503. 

Moxley,  for  thirty  years  organist  of 
the  parish  church  of  St.  Paul's,  Covent 
Garden,  England,  and  a  thoroughly 
educated  musician,  and  performer  of 
first-rate  ability,  died  at  his  residence  in 
London,  December,  1852. 

MoYEs,  Henry,  born  blind,  at  Kirk- 
aldy,  Scotland,  1750;  celebrated  as  a 
musician ;  died  1807. 

Mozart,  John  George  Leopold, 
born  at  Augsburg,  Nov.  14, 1719 ;  settled 
at  Salzburg ;  was  an  organist,  violinist, 
composer,  and  teacher ;  became  court 
composer,  and  leader  of  the  orchestra, 
1762 ;  wrote  for  the  church,  the  theatre, 
and  for  solo  instruments ;  his  "  Violin 
School"  was  popular;  died  May  28, 
1787. 

Mozart,  J.  C.  W.  G.,  the  great  com- 
poser, was  born  at  Salzburg,  Jan.  27, 
1756 .  So  extraordinary  was  the  child's 
progress  in  every  thing  appertaining  to 
music,  that,  so  early  even  as  the  age  of 
six  years,  his  father  made  professional 
tours  with  Mozart  and  his  sister,  five 
years  older,  to  Munich,  Vienna,  Paris, 
and  London  ;  and  wherever  they  went 
the  "infant  prodigies"  were  enthusias- 
tically praised.  It  is  said  of  him,  that 
no  musician  ever  embraced  the  art  so 
extensively.  He  excelled  in  all  styles, 
from  the  symphony  to  the  dance,  from 
operas  to  the  most  simple  ballads.  As 
a  virtuoso,  Mozart  was  one  of  the  first 
pianists  in  Europe.  But  his  most  bril- 
liant and  solid  glory  is  founded  upon 
his  talents  as  a  composer,  in  which  the 
fertility  of  his  ideas,  and  the  clear  and 
happy  designs,  are  most  striking ;  died 
Dec.  5,  1792,  aged  36. 

Mozart,  Karl,  son  of  the  above,  was 
a  musician  and  composer ;  he  attended 
the  centennial  celebration  of  his  father's 
birth  at  Salzburg,  1856;  and  died  at 
Milan,  Oct.  31,  1858,  aged  80,  leaving 
the  bulk  of  his  property  to  a  religious 
society. 

Mozart,  Maria  Anna,  W.I.,  daugh- 
ter of  Leopold,  was  born  in  Salzburg, 
1751 ;  appeared  as  pianist  in  the  musical 
tours  of  the  family  from  1762  to  1767 ; 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAt  IK'P'ORMATION'. 


101 


married,  and  became  a  famous  teacher ; 
died  1829. 

MuENscHER,  Joseph,  of  Gambia,  O., 
musician  and  composer,  published,  18^0, 
''The  Church  Choir,''  432  pages  ;  Wi^fianr 
Muenscher,  his  brother,  assisted  in/fts 
preparation.  / 

Muhlenberg,  Rev.  Dr.  W.  A.,  St. 
Paul's  College,  Flushing,  Long  Island ; 
organist  and  composer  of  great  merit ; 
published  1852,  in  New  York,  besides 
many  hymns,  a  book  of  ^'Church  Music," 
generally  used ;  also  the  "  People's 
Psalter." 

MuHLiNG,  Aug.,  born  in  1780  at  Ra- 
guhne,  distinguished  himself  as  an  ex- 
cellent soprano-singer,  as  also  after- 
wards by  his  talents  in  composition 
both  for  the  voice  and  orchestra;  was 
an  able  pianist  and  violinist. 

Mulder,  Richard,  pianist  and  com- 
poser; came  to  this  country,  March, 
1860,  with  his  wife,  Signora  Fabbri  of 
Maretzek's  opera  troupe,  and  settled  in 
New  York. 

MuLLER,  Andreas,  city  musician  at 
Frankfort-on-the-Main,  in  1600,  was 
born  in  Hammelburg. 

MuLLER,  A.  E.,  published  "^  Method 
for  the  Piano-Forte;''  it  was  revised  by 
Julius  Knorr. 

MuLLER,  August  Eberhabd,  chap- 
el-master, composer,  organist,  pianist, 
and  flutist,  at  Leipsic;  born  at  Nor- 
theim,  in  Hanover,  1767 ;  composed  very 
many  works  from  1797  to  1810,  at  which 
time  he  was  immensely  popular  at  Leip- 
sic. 

MuLLER,  Christian  Gottlieb,  born 
in  1800;  was  conductor  at  Attenburg, 
Germany;  composed  five  symphonies, 
which  were  performed  at  Leipsic ;  died 
June,  1863. 

MuLLER,  Robert  M.,  a  well-known 
pianist  to  his  Majesty  the  King  of  Sax- 
ony; in  1853  he  translated  '•'■  Kiesewet- 
ter's  History  of  Music." 

MiJLLER,  Theodor,  born  in  Leipsic, 
1798;  his  father  was  the  composer  and 
organist,  August  Eberhard  Muller ;  and 
his  mother  was  an  excellent  pianist 
and  organist;  the  son  composed  many 
violin-pieces,  overtures,  &c. ;  died  at 
Weimar,  1846. 

MuLLER,  Wilh.  Adolph,  published, 
1830,  a  work  concerning  organs  and 
their  manufacture. 

MuLLiNGER,  John,  celebrated  in  1677 
for  his  work  on  '^ Periwigs  and  Music." 

Musical  Academy.     The   first  of 


ix^fA^vvvv^    /C/i-yx^-^y   ^/t^iv-'V-v-, 


whicli^  we  find  a  written  account  was 
established  at  Vincenza,  1500;  the  first 
in  England  was  in  1710,  in  London  ;  one 
Was  established  in  Paris,  1669;  one  in 
this  country,  at  Boston,  1820,  by  Mr. 
Bailey;  the  Boston  Academy  of  Music 
was  organized  1833. 

Musical  Characters,  such  as  notes, 
rests,  &c.,  were  derived  from  the  points 
used  byGuido. 

Musical  Chronometer,  an  instru- 
ment for  measuring  and  keeping  time, 
invented  by  Joseph  Sauveur,  1700. 

Musical  Conventions  were  held  in 
New  Hampshire,  1829.  Moses  E.  Cheney 
claims  to  have  held  the  first  in  Vei-mont. 

Musical  Notes.  Specimens  exist  of 
notes  similar  to  those  now  in  use,  printed 
in  1300;  books  with  musical  notes  were 
printed  in  1453 ;  notes  were  represented 
in  the  Bay  Psalm-Book,  by  letters. 

Musical  Short-Hand,  devised  1874, 
by  an  Englishman ;  it  is  merely  phonog- 
raphy applied  to  music,  and  is  based  on 
Isaac  Pitman's  system  of  phonography. 
The  signs  used  to  represent  the  notes 
are  twelve  in  number,  corresponding  to 
the  black  and  white  keys  of  the  piano- 
forte ;  and,  owing  to  the  ease  with  which 
a  knowledge  of  them  can  be  acquired, 
great  speed  may  be  attained  by  the 
learner,  it  being  a  very  simple  matter  to 
take  down  any  ordinary  tune  while  it  is 
being  sung  or  played. 

Musical  Sounds  arise  from  equal 
vibrations  of  the  air  set  in  motion  by 
whatever  cause.  These  vibrations  are 
palpable  in  the  strings  of  a  piano-forte, 
and  the  tremblings  of  the  organ-loft 
when  the  deep  tones  are  sounded. 

Musical  Sticks,  sixteen  pine  sticks 
about  one  inch  wide,  and  from  one  to 
three  feet  long,  laid  upon  ropes  of  straw, 
and  struck  with  wood  hammers  to  pro- 
duce sound;  introduced  in  this  country 
by  Mr.  Nelson,  1846. 

Music-bells,  carillons,  were  used  by 
King  David ;  prefixed  to  an  ancient  copy 
of  the  Psalms,  he  is  represented  as  play- 
ing, with  a  hammer  in  each  hand,  upon 
five  bells. 

Music  Printing  was  commenced  in 
this  country  about  1690,  when  under 
each  note  it  was  necessary  to  place  the 
initial  of  the  syllable  to  be  applied  in 
singing  by  note ;  specimens  exist,  print- 
ed in  3698,  badly  done,  with  many  errors, 
and  with  only  bars  to  divide  the  lines  of 
the  poetry.  Music  was  printed  in  Europe 
1503. 


^ 


JiCr 


<^-/^^/,y9^V-i^.  ,./-v 


^^t'^-? 


102 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  ESTFORMATIOK. 


Music,  Sacred.  Previous  to  the 
reformation,  1720,  church  music  tunes 
were  supposed  to  be  holy;  and  the 
people  put  off  their  hats,  and  put  on  a 
great  show  of  devotion  and  gravity, 
whenever  psalm-tunes  were  sung. 

MuxcEY  Veksion.  a  small  number 
of  the  Psalms  were  in  1847  prepared  to 
be  sung  by  the  Munceys,  a  North 
American  tribe,  followed  by  sixty-eight 
hymns ;  translated  by  Richard  Flood. 

MuxRO,  Alexander,  1782,  published 
in  France  a  collection  of  Scotch  music 
for  the  flute,  with  variations;  was  a 
native  of  Scotland,  residing  at  Paris. 

MuNROE,  James,  of  Carclel,  Scotland, 
published  "J.  New  Gaelic  Song-Book,''^ 
at  Glasgow. 

MuNSON,  R.  D.,  of  Williston,  Yt., 
constructed  a  wonderful  musical  calen- 
dar clock,  after  spending  many  months 
labor;  it  is  an  eight-day  clock,  which 


besides  marking  the  hours,  &c.,  has  a 
cylinder  attachment,  which  will  play 
seven  tunes. 

MuRSKA,  Ilma  de,  born  in  Hungary, 
1848 ;  won  brilliant  triumphs  in  all  the 
cities  of  Europe,  where  she  sang ;  came 
to  this  country,  and  sang  at  Boston, 
Mass.,  October,  1878;  in  addition  to  her 
vocal  greatness,  she  is  an  actress  of 
marked  dramatic  power. 

MusARD,  Philippe,  the  originator 
of  the  promenade  concerts,  and  the 
popularizer  of  the  bal  masque^  loved 
his  profession,  and  was  the  idol  of  Paris 
society;  one  of  his  sons  came  to  New 
York,  April,  1848,  and  while  there  com- 
posed several  popular  quadrilles  and 
other  dance-music;  Philippe  died  at 
Auteuil,  France,  March  31,  1859,  aged 
68.  There  were  several  of  this  family 
name  distinguished  for  dance-music. 


1^. 


Nacaire,  a  kind  of  brazen  drum, 
formerly  much  used  by  the  Italians  and 
French. 

N^xiA,  the  goddess  of  funeral  songs. 

Nageli,  Hans  Georg,  a  composer 
and  music  publisher ;  by  birth  a  Swiss ; 
wrote  many  songs  with  harp,  harpsi- 
chord, or  piano-forte  accompaniments, 
also  choruses ;  among  his  songs  may  be 
mentioned  '■'■Life  let  us  cherish; ^^  also 
wrote  several  vocal  schools,  and  a  work 
on  singing  on  the  Pestalozzian  system, 
much  used  in  Europe  and  in  America ; 
died  at  Zurich,  Dec.  29,  1836. 

Nairn,  Caroline,  born  in  Perth, 
Scotland,  1766;  wrote  seventy  songs, 
which  were  arranged  with  symphonies 
and  accompaniments  for  the  piano-forte 
by  Finlay  Dun,  of  London,  and  pub- 
lished in  *'  Modern  Scottish  Minstrelsy.^' 

Naker,  a  species  of  kettle-drum. 

Nakokus,  a  musical  instrument; 
two  brass  plates  suspended  by  strings 
and  struck  together  to  beat  time ;  used 
in  Mahometan  processions,  and  by  the 
Egyptians. 

Naldi,  S.,  born  1770,  a  celebrated 
Italian  singer  at  the  King's  Theatre, 
London ;  died  Dec.  16,  1820. 

Nannetti,  Signor,  barytone  singer, 
made  his  debut  in  Italian  opera,  and 
was  engaged  at  Covent  Garden,  Lon- 
don, 1872. 


Napier,  William,  distinguished  for 
his  musical  skill,  and  for  his  collection 
of  ^*  Scotch  Ballads,^'  1792;  was  for 
many  years  a  member  of  his  majesty's 
band,  and  a  concert  performer ;  died  at 
Somerston,  Scotland,  aged  72. 

Napoleon,  Arthur,  born  in  Oporto, 
Portugal,  Sept.  6,  1844;  at  the  age  of 
six  years  could  play  the  piano-forte  at 
concerts;  in  1852  visited  Paris;  1854 
was  in  London;  made  a  tour  of  thirty- 
four  towns  with  Clara  Novello  and  other 
artists ;  travelled  through  Germany  and 
Italy;  in  1857  gave  concerts  in  Brazil 
and  throughout  South  America.;  came  to 
New  York  1858,  and  after  successful  con- 
certs in  the  States  returned  to  Portugal. 

Nardini,  Pietro,  first  violinist  to 
the  Duke  of  Tuscany  at  Florence ;  born 
at  Leghorn,  1725 ;  among  his  works  are 
six  concertos,  twelve  solos,  six  quartets, 
six  duets,  and  six  solos  for  the  flute; 
died  at  Florence,  1796. 

Nares,  James,  doctor  of  music ;  born 
in  England,  1715;  organist  and  com- 
poser ;  died  Feb.  10,  1783. 

Nasard,  a  wind  instrument  of  thick, 
reedy,  nasal  tone. 

Nash,  F.  H.,  teacher  of  singing  and 
the  cultivation  of  the  voice,  after  seve- 
ral years,  opened  a  school  in  New  York 
for  teaching  music  and  elocution; 
author  of  "  School  Vocalist.^' 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


103 


Nason,  Edward,  of  Newbury  port, 
Mass.,  a  composer  and  teacher  of  music ; 
in  connection  with  his  brother,  Elias 
S.  Nason  of  Natick,  pubUshed  1847, 
**Nason^s  Vocal  Class  -  Book,^'  also 
^^  Songs  for  the   Schoolroom.^ ^ 

Natali,  Agnes  and  Fanny,  sisters, 
of  Irish  parentage,  born  in  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  commenced  their  career  as 'sing- 
ers, with  Morelli  and  La  Grange,  as  the 
^^  Heron  Family;'^  they  visited  the 
principal  cities  of  South  America,  and 
returned  to  Philadelphia  1859,  where 
they  sang  in  opera.  Fanny  married 
Enrico  Testa,  the  tenor ;  Agnes  became 
a  great  favorite  at  Havana. 

Nathan,  I.,  author  of  a  work  on 
music,  1823,  also  *^ Hebrew  Melodies.^^ 

Nathan,  Isaac,  born  at  Canterbury, 
England,  1792;  became  a  composer,  per- 
former, and  teacher  of  music ;  his  com- 
positions exhibit  versatility  of  talent, 
and  his  songs  were  popular;  he  was 
also  successful  in  his  orchestral  arrange- 
ments; wrote  an  ^' Essay  on  the  Theory 
of  Music, ^^  and  some  other  works. 

National.  Melodies  are  rather  a 
growth  than  a  creation,  — the  work,  not 
of  one  maker,  but  of  many ;  they  are 
in  most  instances  anonymous,  and, 
though  originating  in  one  mind,  by  the 
time  they  become  accepted  as  national 
they  receive  additions,  and  are  different 
from  the  original. 

National  Music.  The  Russians, 
Danes,  Scotch,  Irish,  Welsh,  French, 
Germans,  Italians,  and  some  other 
peoples,  are  rich  in  the  possession  of 
national  music,  because  it  has  been  col- 
lected and  preserved.  The  music  of 
England  and  America  will  show  a 
national  character  as  distinct,  when 
gathered  and  examined. 

National  Songs  appeal  to  the  heart, 
stir  noble  emotions,  and  feed  the  fires 
of  nationality;  they  have  immortality, 
though  the  names  of  the  authors  or 
composers  cannot  be  discovered. 

Nativity,  a  mystery.  A.  Bartholo- 
mew, 1550. 

Nau,  Dolores,  born  in  New  York, 
became  celebrated  as  a  pianist,  harpist, 
and  vocalist;  went  to  Paris,  received 
the  first  prize  for  singing,  and  was  en- 
gaged at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Music. 

Naumann,  Johan  Gottlieb,  one  of 
the  first  composers  in  Germany;  born 
at  Blasewitz,  near  Dresden,  1741 ;  went 
early  to  Italy,  where  he  composed  his 
first  successful  operas ;  was  for  a  time 


chapel-master  to  the  king  of  Prussia, 
but  preferred  to  reside  as  much  as  pos- 
sible in  his  own  country ;  late  in  life  he 
composed  much  sacred  music ;  his  works 
are  very  numerous;  died  at  his  native 
village,  Oct.  21,  1801,  aged  60. 

Neate,  Charles,  born  in  London, 
March  28,  1784;  a  distinguished  pianist 
and  violoncellist;  one  of  the  first  mem- 
bers of  the  Philharmonic  Society,  of 
which  he  became  director;  has  been 
known  for  his  compositions,  published 
since  1822 ;  in  1855  wrote  a  work  on  fin- 
gering. 

Nebel,  the  ancient  Jewish  ten- 
stringed  harp;  its  form  resembled  a 
bottle  or  flagon ;  the  strings  are  struck 
with  a  little  iron  rod. 

Necellini,  Dom.  Marco,  chapel- 
master  to  the  Duke  of  Parma  about  the 
year  1670,  was  in  high  repute  as  a  com- 
poser. 

Necken,  the  spirit  of  the  water; 
represented  as  an  old  man,  who  plays 
his  harp  or  violin  in  the  roaring  cata- 
racts; his  music  is  said  to  consist  of 
eleven  chords,  which  are  the  very  es- 
sence of  all  music;  and  all  music  ap- 
peals to  the  human  heart  in  the  same 
degree  as  it  partakes  of  the  inherent 
qualities  of  old  Necken' s  chords.  There 
is  a  Norwegian  legend  that  mortals  have 
attempted  to  learn  these  chords,  and 
have  succeeded;  some  having  learned 
two,  others  tliree,  but  few  more  than 
six.  He  wlio  is  taught  to  strike  the 
eleventli  chord,  the  legend  says,  must 
give  his  own  soul  in  exchange ;  at  the 
ninth  chord,  lifeless  objects  begin  to 
dance  ;  and,  when  the  tenth  is  struck, 
the  player  is  seized  with  such  a  rapture 
that  he  can  never  sleep,  but  plays  on 
forever. 

Needham,  Elias  P.,  a  native  of 
New  York,  born  Sept.  29,  1812 ;  was,  in 
1835,  first  interested  in  the  manufacture 
of  melodeons,  with  Mr.  Carhart ;  is  the 
inventor  of  a  pneumatic  machine  for 
conveying  packages  and  passengers 
through  tubes  from  which  the  air  has 
been  exhausted;  he  and  his  son  suc- 
ceeded Carhart  as  melodeon-makers. 

Neefe,  Christian  Gottlob,  chapel- 
master  and  court  organist  at  Boim; 
born  in  Saxony,  1748;  became  con- 
ductor of  the  orchestra,  and  later  a 
teacher  of  music;  removed  to  Dessau 
as  leader  of  a  band  there,  and  as  or- 
chestral chief,  where  he  died  1798. 

Neginoth,  a  general   term  for   all 


J04 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION"* 


Bucli  stringed  instruments  as  were 
played  with  the  hand  or  the  plectrum. 

Negri,  Dom.  Francesco,  an  ecclesi- 
astic and  pupil  of  Antonio  Lotti  at 
Venice,  about  the  year  1740.  Was 
eminent  in  his  time  as  a  performer  on 
the  harpsichord  and  violin. 

Negri,  Giuseppe,  musician  in  ordin- 
ary to  the  Elector  of  Cologne  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  seventeenth  century,  was 
born  at  Verona.  He  published  "  Madri- 
(jali  e  Arie,^'  Venice,  1622. 

Negri,  Luigi,  for  twenty  years  mas- 
ter at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Music, 
died  in  London,  June,  1855,  aged  42. 

Negri,  Marco  Antonio,  a  composer, 
born  at  Verona,  also  flourished  about 
the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth  cen- 
tury, and  published  ''  Salmi  ci  7  voci,^^ 
Venice,  1613. 

Negri,  Maria  Catarina,  an  Italian 
singer,  born  at  Bologna.  She  sang  at 
the  opera  in  London,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Handel. 

Negro  Minstrelsy  was  known  in 
this  country  as  early  as  1814 ;  and  soon 
after  the  battle  of  Plattsburg  a  song 
was  written  intended  as  a  negro's  de- 
scription of  that  affair,  called  at  the 
time  *'  Gubernor  Prohose's  Tea-Party^ 

Nehiloth,  a  general  term  for  perfo- 
rated wind  instruments  of  all  kinds. 

Nehrlich,  Johann  Peter  Theo- 
DOR,  born  at  Erfurt,  1770 ;  a  singer,  and 
professor  of  the  harpsichord ;  became 
music-master  in  a  gentleman's  family 
at  Dorpat,  in  Esthonia,  where  he  wrote 
some  variations  and  songs ;  removed  to 
Moscow,  where  he  devoted  himself  to 
teaching  and  to  composition;  wrote 
many  preludes,  odes,  hymns,  and  piano- 
forte pieces. 

Neidhardt,  Augustus,  born  Aug. 
10,  1794,  the  founder  and  director  of  the 
Dom.  Chor.,  182.3,  at  Berlin ;  an  excellent 
composer  and  musician ;  died  April  18, 
1861,  aged  63 ;  besides  his  national  song 
many  others  were  very  popular. 

Neilson,  Laurence  Cornelius, 
born  in  London,  went  early  to  the  West 
Indies,  where  his  musical  career  began 
1785 ;  after  the  death  of  his  father  he 
returned  to  England,  and  became  organ- 
ist at  Nottingham  and  Derby ;  composed 
a  great  variety  of  vocal  and  instru- 
mental music,  and  a  book  of  psalms 
and  hymns. 

Nelson,  a  famous  performer  upon 
the  dulcimer,  the  rock  harmonicon,  and 
musical  sticks;   gave  concerts  in  this 


country,   1846,   with   Mr.   Harrison,    a 
fine  singer  of  comic  songs. 

Nelson,  E.  H.  and  T.,  of  London, 
England,  in  connection  with  F.  R. 
Crampton,  published  ^'Church  Psal- 
ter;'  1856. 

Nelson,  Richakd  J.,  was  the  dis- 
coverer of  what  are  now  known  in 
some  American  orchestras  as  "musicaZ 
stones;''^  he  found  them  in  the  limestone 
region  of  Kendal,  England. 

Neruda,  Franz,  a  young  musician 
and  composer,  at  present  attracting 
much  attention  in  Germany ;  is  acci'ed- 
ited  violoncellist  to  the  king  of  Den- 
mark. 

Neruda,  Wilma,  born  at  Brunn, 
Moravia  ;  a  talented  violinist  of  a 
family  consisting  of  two  brothers  (pian- 
ist and  violoncellist),  and  two  sisters 
(pianist  and  violinist),  who  made  sever- 
al excursions  through  Germany,  and 
elsewhere;  married  Herr  L.  Normann, 
1864. 

Nero,  in  63,  sang  upon  the  stage  at 
Naples;  was  a  singer  and  player;  ex- 
torted prizes  at  musical  contests ;  took 
great  pains  to  preserve  his  voice;  was 
a  tyrant,  and  probably  insane  in  regard 
to  his  musical  accomplishments  ;  was 
detested,  except  by  himself. 

Neubauer,  Franz  Christian,  a 
Bohemian,  became  chapel  -  master  at 
Minden,  in  Prussia,  and  was  a  conduc- 
tor there  afterwards;  wrote  a  number 
of  excellent  works  for  various  instru- 
ments, and  died  1795. 

Neubauer,  Johann.  Of  this  com- 
poser, residing  at  Vienna,  many  works 
are  known. 

Neubebg,  Von,  for  amusement, 
manufactured  four  violoncellos,  five 
trombones,  and  twenty  violins,  in  imi- 
tation of  those  by  the  old  masters ;  all 
of  them  excellent,  and  all  given  to 
friends  in  Germany,  from  1800  to  1846 ; 
was  a  resident  of  Karlsbad. 

Neukomm,  Sigismund,  born  at  Salz- 
burg, July  10,  1778 ;  composed  his  prin- 
cipal works  in  England,  though  he 
spent  the  latter  part  of  .Is  life  in  Paris ; 
his  ^^  Mount  Sinai^^  and  ""  David  ^^  are 
known  to  the  present  generation;  but 
his  psalms,  sacred  music,  and  organ- 
pieces  are  not  so  much  met  with;  he 
wrote  a  great  many  English  songs,  some 
of  which  are  yet  popular ;  died  at  Paris, 
April  3,  1858. 

New  Orleans,  La.,  Opera,  estab- 
lished by  Davis,  1820.     This  city  is  tho 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


105 


only  one  in  America  which  has  con- 
stantly maintained  a  regular  lyric  thea- 
tre; tile  regular  season  of  opera  is  for 
six  months  in  every  year;  and  in  this 
opera-house  nearly  all  the  popular 
French  operas  have  been  produced; 
many  well-educated  musicians  reside 
here,  and  opera  has  been  performed  for 
the  last  fifty  years. 

Nev7  Veksion  of  the  Psalms  intro- 
duced Dec.  3,  169G,  by  order  of  King 
William  III.,  when  the  old  version  fell 
into  disuse ;  the  new  was  by  Tate  and 
Brady. 

Ney,  Jenny,  born  in  Presburg,  Hun- 
gary, was  engaged  at  the  Imperial  Opera, 
Vienna,  1851 ;  was  greeted  throughout 
Germany,  and  wherever  she  sang,  as  the 
first  singer  on  the  stage ;  sang  in  Lon- 
don, 1855,  and  became  chamber-singer 
of  the  court  of  Saxony. 

NiCHOLO,  O.  M.,  invented,  1823,  a 
small  wooden  pipe,  which  produces 
sub-bass  tones  to  CCC ;  it  has  been  ap- 
plied by  him  to  church  organs  with  suc- 
cess. 

NiCHELMANN,  Chrtstoph,  chamber 
musician  and  professor  of  the  harpsi- 
chord to  the  King  of  Prussia;  born  at 
Treuebriezen,  1717;  resided  much  at 
Berlin,  and  there  produced  most  of  his 
compositions ;  died  1761. 

Nicholson,  father  of  Charles,  was 
celebrated  as  a  flutist,  and  much  im- 
proved that  instrument;  died  1737,  after 
having  tauglit  his  son'  all  that  seemed 
necessary  for  a  performer  to  know. 

Nicholson,  Henry  D.,of  Cambridge, 
England,  came  to  this  country,  and,  in 
1866,  wrote  a  brief  work  on  the  "  His- 
tory  and  Construction  of  the  Organ." 

NicuoLSON,  Richard,  organist;  was 
the  first  professor  of  music  at  Oxford, 
England,  1595,  and  was  the  composer 
of  many  madrigals.     He  died  1639. 

Nickels,  Clara,  of  Boston,  Mass., 
a  popular  vocalist,  soprano,  known  at 
concerts  and  conventions ;  a  pianist  and 
teacher  of  music. 

NiCKLES,  J.,  treating  of  several  novel 
and  interesting  topics  concerning  the 
''natural  diapason," in  a  paper  published 
in  Paris,  Feb.  28,  1858,  re-affirms  the 
statements  which  had  been  previously 
made  concerning  the  hearing  of  La 
when  agitating  the  head  from  side  to 
side,  and  says:  "M.  Jobard  became 
convinced,  by  experiment,  of  the  fact ; 
and  that  any  one  can  verify  it  if  he  will 
disencumber  his  neck  of  the  cravat  and 


collar,  and  place  himself  apart  from  all 

noise," 

NicoLAi,  Carl  Otto  E.,  born  June 
9, 1810;  was  a  son  of  Prussia,  and  began 
his  career  in  Berlin  as  street  musician; 
and,  after  wandering  in  many  lands, 
became  celebrated  as  a  pianist,  music- 
teacher,  and  composer  of  vocal  and  in- 
strumental music ;  died  May  10,  1844. 

NicoLAi,  C.  E.  D.,  music-master  at 
Kiinigsberg,  Prussia,  composer  and 
author  of  a  piano-forte  school  and  other 
works ;  died  at  Berlin,  1857. 

NicoLAi,  C.  S,  T.,  son  of  David,  was 
assistant  organist  to  his  father,  1795 ;  so 
that  the  third  generation  of  this  family 
served  at  the  same  organ  in  the  same 
place. 

NicoLAi,  Friedrich,  born  at  Berlin, 
1733;  celebrated  not  only  as  a  musician, 
but  for  his  account  of  music  at  Vienna, 
and  his  observations  made  during  an 
extended  tour;  died  at  Berlin,  1811, 
aged  78. 

NicoLAi,  Otto,  the  composer  of  sev- 
eral operas,  was  chapel-master  and  mu- 
sician many  years ;  in  1849  produced  his 
"•Lustigen  Weiher  von  Windsor,"  and,  in 
two  months  after  conducting  this  work, 
died. 

NiEDERMEYER,  M.  Louis,  director  of 
the  school  of  sacred  music,  established 
at  Paris,  1861 ;  born  April  27,  1802,  at 
Noyon,  Switzerland;  at  the  age  of  19 
produced  an  opera;  settled  at  Paris  at 
the  age  of  21 ;  has  published  a  large 
number  of  melodies,  and  written  much 
for  the  Italian  theatres ;  eight  or  ten  of 
his  operas  were  produced  at  Paris ;  in 
1856  he  established  ''La  Maiirise," 
which  he  continued  during  his  life ;  died 
at  Paris,  April  14,  1861,  aged  59. 

NiEDT,  Friedrich  Eriiardt,  a  mu- 
sical theorist  and  composer;  born  in 
Thuringia;  became  a  composer  for  the 
court  of  Copenhagen ;  wrote  many  the- 
oretical works,  and  died  1717. 

NiLssoN,  Christine,  known  as  the 
Swedish  vocalist,  was  born  near  Vexio, 
Sweden ;  became  known  as  a  singer  at 
the  age  of  ten  years ;  first  appeared  in 
opera  in  1860;  since  then  has  attained 
an  immense  reputation. 

Nolrega,  a  Jesuit,  introduced  music 
in  his  schools  in  order  to  make  friends 
of  the  Brazilians ;  he  set  the  catechism, 
creed,  and  ordinary  prayers  to  music, 
and  thus  taught  the  gospel  in  song  to 
the  natives. 

Noedwall,  Andrfas  O.,  a  Swed- 


106 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


ish  writer  on  acoustics,  wrote  '^Disser- 
iatio  de  Sono  Simplici  Directo,^^  Upsal, 
1779. 

Norman,  John,  an  English  contra- 
puntist, of  whose  composition  some 
masses  were  in  the  music-school  at  Ox- 
ford ;  flourished  about  1490. 

XoiJMANN,  L.,  born  in  Stockholm, 
1831,  a  well-known  artist  and  composer; 
teacher  at  the  Royal  Academy  of  Music 
in  his  native  city,  1857;  and  kapell- 
meif'ter  there,  1861. 

Norman  Minstrels,  after  the  con- 
quest, went  to  England  from  France, 
where  they  abounded ;  and  the  kingdom 
swarmed  with  itinerant  musicians  and 
singers. 

NoRRis,  Charles,  born  at  Salisbury, 
England,  1740;  at  the  great  Commemo- 
ration of  Handel,  in  1784,  he  was  one  of 
the  principal  tenor-singers,  and  Burney 
speaks  in  high  terms  of  his  pathetic 
delivery;  his  last  efforts  in  public  were 
at  the  Commemoration  of  1790,  and  at 
the  Birmingham  Festival  of  the  same 
year;  he  died  ten  days  after  his  last 
appearance  in  public,  at  Imley  Hall,  the 
seat  of  Lord  Dudley  and  Ward.  Norris 
was  a  good  musician ;  he  left  some  fine 
anthems,  glees,  and  songs,  and  also 
some  examples  of  instrumental  music. 

North,  Francis,  son  of  Lord  North, 
born  1640;  wrote  an  ^'Essay  on  3fusic,^^ 
1677,  of  considerable  merit ;  died  1685. 

North,  Roger,  a  practical  musician, 
both  in  singing  and  on  the  organ ;  born 
at  Rougham,  England,  1650;  was  author 
of  a  work  entitled  "  Memoirs  of  Music," 
with  accounts  of  the  celebrated  British 
composers  from  1650  to  1680 :  he  lived 
to  the  age  of  ninety  years ;  died  1740. 

Norton,  John  T.,  an  English  musi- 
cian of  celebrity ;  came  to  this  country 
1830,  and  was  noted  as  a  trumpeter; 
continued  to  perform  on  that  instru- 
ment until  incapacitated  by  age ;  died 
in  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  Feb.  1,  1868, 
aged  83  years. 

Norton,  Thomas,  an  English  writer 
who  assisted  Sternhold  and  Hopkins  in 
their  noted  version  of  the  Psalms,  27 
of  which  he  turned  into  English  metre ; 
died  1600. 

Nose  Flute.  The  Tahitians  have 
an  instrument  of  the  flute  kind,  made 
of  bamboo-cane,  and  blown  from  the 
nostrils :  one  nostril  is  used  for  blowing, 
the  other  being  stopped. 

NOTGER,  or  NOTKER,  Balbulus,  a 
musician,    composed    a    collection    of 


hymns,  850,  the  melodies  to  some  of 
which  consisted  of  fourths  and  fifths; 
died  912. 

NouGARET,  Pierre  J.  B.,  a  French- 
man of  letters,  born  in  Rochelle  in  1742; 
published  a  ^^Histoire  Philosophique  de 
la  Musique,  et  des  Observations  sur  les 
differ  ens  Genres  regus  au  Theatre.^* 
There  is  also  a  dissertation  on  the  opera 
seria. 

NovACK,  Johann,  chapel-master  at 
Prague  in  1756;  was  celebrated  for  his 
sacred  compositions. 

NovELLo,  Clara  Anastasia,  born 
in  London,  Jinie  35,  1818;  at  the  age  of 
nine  years  commenced  singing  and 
playing  the  piano-forte ;  went  to  Paris, 
and  sang  there  until  1830 ;  returning  to 
London,  she  sang  at  the  Philharmonic 
concerts  and  festivals ;  in  1841,  she  sang 
in  Italy  and  Germany,  but  is  best  known 
as  an  oratorio-singer  in  England ;  mar- 
ried Count  Gigliucci,  of  Fermo,  in  the 
Roman  states,  1848,  and  in  1860  retired 
from  the  stage. 

NovELLO,  Sabilla,  kuowu  in  Lon- 
don as  a  vocalist  of  great  merit,  has 
translated  many  theoretical  works  upon 
music. 

NovELLO,  Vincent,  born  in  Eng- 
land, Sept.  6,  1781 ;  by  descent  an  Ital- 
ian ;  the  larger  part  of  his  life  and  his 
professional  career  were  passed  in  Lon- 
don, where  his  sound  musical  knowl- 
edge, and  his  command  over  the  organ, 
enabled  him  to  do  valuable  service  to 
to  his  art.  The  masses  of  Mozart, 
Haydn,  Hummel,  and  many  writers 
less  known,  owe  the  largest  share  of 
their  introduction  in  a  complete  form  to 
Mr.  Novello's  editorship;  died  at  Nice, 
Aug.  9,  1861,  aged  80  years. 

Nugent,  Thomas,  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, wrote,  1748,  a  work  on  music, 
which  was  noticed  by  Dr.  Burney. 

NuMA,  715  B.C.,  maintained  a  com- 
pany of  twelve  young  men  whose  duty 
it  was  to  dance  and  sing  hymns  in 
praise  of  the  god  of  war. 

Numeral  Notation,  claimed  as  the 
invention  of  R.  F.  Beal  and  H.  W.  Day, 
Boston,  Mass.,  1846;  also  by  Harrison; 
was  introduced  by  Rousseau,  at  Paris, 
France,  1742.  Various  systems  of  nu- 
meral notation  have  been  invented ;  but 
they  have  gone  into  disuse,  never  hav- 
ing received  the  sanction  of  the  mass  of 
musicians.  The  round-note  system  is 
easy  and  simple,  and  is  adapted  to  the 
expression  of  music  of  all  kinds. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


107 


o. 


O.  This  capital  letter  was  used  by  the 
ancients  as  the  sign  of  triple  lime ;  it  is 
also  used  by  the  Italians  for  or;  SiS,flauto 
o  violino,  flute  or  violin. 

Oboe,  a  popular  instrument  in  our 
orchestras ;  it  was  the  classical  tibia 
mentioned  by  Horace,  known  as  haut- 
boy. 

Octachord,  an  instrument  of  ten 
strings  upon  a  hollow  frame,  about  two 
feet  long,  intended  to  be  used  as  an  aid 
in  teaching  the  scale  and  the  intervals. 

Octave  Flute,  an  instrument  which 
ranges  an  octave  above  the  flute. 

Octavino,  an  old  stringed  instrument 
resembling  the  spinet. 

Octo-Bass,  an  instrument  that  de- 
scends a  third  lower  than  the  four- 
stringed  double  bass. 

Odington,  Walter,  of  Worcester- 
shire, England,  wrote  much  upon  music 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  III. ;  mentions 
major  and  minor  semitones  and  the 
comma ;  gives  rules  for  the  proportions 
of  organ-pipes  and  for  casting  bells ; 
uses  the  terms  longs  and  breves,  and 
gives  rules  for  organizing  chants.  One 
of  this  name,  of  Evesham,  England, 
was  noted  for  his  skill  in  music,  and 
wrote  some  valuable  works  there. 

Odo,  a  monk  of  Burgundy,  was  a 
celebrated  musician,  and  in  920  wrote 
music  in  parts ;  was  living  at  the  same 
period  with  Hucbald. 

O'DoNNELL,  of  Fermoy,  Ireland,  was 
perhaps  the  last  Irish  piper  who  confined 
himself  to  the  real  Irish  melodies;  he 
was  an  exquisite  performer  on  the  Irish 
pipes,  and  died  in  1840. 

Oeckelen,  Van,  organ-builder,  of 
Holland,  constructed  an  automaton  fig- 
ure that  could  play  upon  the  clarinet 
and  cornet,  after  coming  to  this  country ; 
died  in  Maine. 

Oeckelen,  Charles,  born  in  Hol- 
land, 1847,  son  of  the  above,  a  composer 
and  teacher  of  music,  Rockland,  Me. ; 
died  there  1809,  aged  41. 

Oesterreich,  Georg,  born  at  Mag- 
deburg, 1664;  a  celebrated  tenor  singer 
at  Hamburg ;  went  to  Wolfenbuttel,  and 
became  chapel-master  and  also  famous 
as  a  musician ;  died  1735. 

Offenbach,  F.,  a  celebrated  singer 
in  the  synagogue  at  Cologne ;  published, 


1838,  a  collection  of  Jewish  chants  and 
poems  commemorative  of  the  departure 
of  the  Israelites  from  Egypt. 

Offenbach,  Jacques,  born  at  Co- 
logne, June  24,  -i8i^;  is  of  Jewish  ex-  /  i'- 
traction;  settled  in  Paris  1842;  was  a 
performer  on  the  violin  and  violoncello; 
became  leader  of  the  orchestra  at  the 
Theatre  Fran^ais,  1847,  and  there  be- 
came known  as  a  composer ;  in  1855  was 
appointed  director  of  the  Bouffes  Pari- 
siens ;  he  soon,  with  the  troupe  of  this 
theatre,  visited  his  native  country  and 
England,  and  became  celebrated  as  an 
opera-composer;  his  compositions  are 
numerous  and  popular. 

Ogden,  J.  R.,  of  London,  assisted  by 
J.  Martineau,  published  '■'■Holy  Songs 
and  Mudcal  Prayers "  for  the  piano- 
forte, 1842. 

O' Kelly,  Cormac,  of  Ballynascreen, 
county  of  Derry,  a  district  celebrated 
for  the  manufacture  of  harps  and  the 
preservation  of  Irish  melodies,  made  the 
harp  of  Hempsen  the  harper,  1700;  it  is 
still  preserved  at  Doonhill. 

Old  Hundred  may  have  been  of 
French  origin ;  it  was  printed  in  France, 
1550;  in  England,  1562;  harmonized  in 
France,  1565;  in  England,  1579;  it  has 
been  claimed  as  the  production  of  many 
different  persons,  and  has  held  its  place 
in  the  books  of  psalmody  from  ancient 
times.  ^ 

Old  Masters.     The  works  of    the     -^ 
older  masters,  Haydn,  Mozart,  and  par-      ^ 
ticularly  Sebastian  Bach,  whose  compo-     ^ 
sitions  iiave  become  thoroughly  known     ^' 
even  to  musicians  only  during  the  last      ^ 
forty  years,  have  had  a  full   share   in     ^ 
forming  the  musical  life  of  the  present    ^^ 
age.     But  Beethoven   is  the  presiding       T 
genius  of  the   century,  and  the  grand      } 
forms    he  perfected    remain  the   ideal     v^ 
types;   inasmuch  as  the  free,  thematic   ^ 
structure  of  the  sonata  and  symphony   ^ 
was  made  the  vehicle  of  his  conceptions.    "^ 
He  elevated  the  forms  to  match  his  grand     I 
personality,   and   no  successor  has  yet    ''^ 
appeared  to  carry  the  dimensions  of  the  ^^ 
art  beyond  the  limits  he  set.     Schubert,  .7* 
Mendelssohn,    Schumann,   and    others  '^ 
have  developed  music  in  single,  separate     ^ 
points ;  but  no  one  of  them  has  enlarged  .  $ 
the  collective  form  as  represented  by 


3 


-s>. 


loa 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Beethoven's    symphonies    or    Handel's 
oratorios. 

Oldest  Notation.  The  oldest  legi- 
ble notation  of  Christendom  is  in  three 
or  four  parallel  lines,  the  notes  being 
square  or  angular,  and  variously  colored ; 
the  melodies  are  not  divided  into  meas- 
ures by  bars,  though  the  notes  are  of 
different  lengths. 

Old  Oaken  Bucket.  This  cele- 
brated old  song  was  written,  and 
adapted  to  an  ancient  Scottish  melody, 
by  S.  Woodworth. 

Old  Versions  of  Psalms.  The 
early  versions  were  made  by  men  whose 
piety  was  better  than  their  poetry,  who 
had  drank  more  of  Jordan  than  of  Heli- 
con; but  the  rhythmic  form  of  the 
psalms  is  grateful  to  the  ear,  and  facil- 
itated the  retention  of  words  in  the 
memory.  Experience  shows  that  many 
persons  draw  their  consolation  in  sick- 
ness and  approaching  death  more  largely 
from  hymns  than  from  any  other  species 
of  meditation.  Old  versions  are  in 
existence  dating  from  1560  to  1636. 

Olimpus.  There  were  two  musicians 
of  this  name ;  one  invented  the  enhar- 
monic genus,  was  a  composer  of  songs 
and  elegies  which  were  sung  to  the 
sound  of  the  flute;  the  other  was  also 
a  composer  and  flute- player. 

Oliphant,  J.,  of  London,  England, 
wrote,  1838,  *'Xa  Musa  Madrigalesca.^^ 

Oliver,  Edward  B.,  born  in  Boston, 
July  19,  1822 ;  for  many  years  a  teacher 
of  music  at  Farmington,  Conn. ;  estab- 
lished a  musical  institute  at  Pittsfield, 
Mass.,  1856,  and  since  a  music  school 
in  Boston;  has  published  a  "  Practical 
Text-Book  ^^  for  the  piano-forte,  '^  A 
Manual  of  Thorough-Bass,^'  and  many 
other  compositions. 

Oliver,  F.  E.,  with  Horatio  South- 
gate,  published  the  ^^  Psalter,  with 
Chants,^'  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1838. 
l^til^  Oliver,  Henry  KEAiiit,E,  born  at 
Beverly,  Mass.,  Nov.  24,'  1800 ;  an  ama- 
teur ;  first  began  to  compose  music  in 
1832 ;  *'  Federal  Street, '^  a  widely  known 
hymn-tune,  was  his  earliest  production ; 
has  written  much  music,  and  published 
the  ^^  National  Lyre"  with  Dr.  Tucker- 
man,  and  in  1860,  "  Oliver's  Coll.  of 
Church  Music,''  and  in  1875,  "  Oliver's 
Original  Sacred  Music."  "  Federal 
Street"  was  performed  under  his  lead 
at  the  Peace  Jubilee  of  1872  by  20,000 
singers,  the  audience  of  40,000  joining. 

OiiERTi,  a  bowed  instrument  made  of 


the  cocoanut-shell ;  the  sounding-board 
is  of  skin  or  satin-wood,  and  the  handle 
resembles  the  head  of  the  violin. 

Onslow,  George,  a  celebrated  musi- 
cal amateur  and  composer,  born  at 
Clermont,  in  the  Pay  de  Dome,  France, 
July  27,  1784,  of  an  English  family; 
commenced  his  career  as  a  composer 
for  the  piano-forte ;  afterwards  became 
known  as  a  composer  for  stringed  in- 
struments and  for  orchestra ;  resided  at 
Rouen  after  marriage,  and  died  there 
Oct.  3,  1853,  aged  69. 

Opera.  A  play  resembling  an  opera 
was  performed  in  London,  England, 
1409 ;  French  opera  was  performed  1645 ; 
and  Italian  opera  in  France,  1577 ;  Italian 
opera  in  England,  16.56;  in  America, 
1825.  The  following  list  mentions  the 
number  of  operas  composed  by  some  of 
the  gifted  writers:  Auber,  40  operas; 
Adam,  30;  Balfe,  16;  Bellini,  10;  Bishop, 
75;  Boildieu,  31;  Carafa,  31;  Cherubini, 
31 ;  Cimarosa,  76 ;  Donizetti,  63 ;  Fiora- 
vanti,  25;  Galuppi,  52;  Gluck,  .50;  Gre- 
try,  60;  Guglielmi,  80;  Halevy,  31 ;  Han- 
del, 42;  Haydn,  25;  Harald,  26;  Isouard, 
39;  Jomelli,  40;  Kreutzer,  30;  Leo,  28; 
Lindpaintner,  26 ;  Lulli,  45;  Marschner, 
20;  Mehul,  49;  Mercadante,  47;  Meyer- 
beer, 18 ;  Mozart,  18 ;  Pacini,  60 ;  Paer, 
60;  Paisiello,  150;  Piccini,  175;  Porpora, 
24;  Ricci  (brothers),  26;  Rossini,  50; 
Scarlatti,  200;  Spohr,  12;  Spontini,  25; 
Verdi,  20 ;  Wagner,  8 ;  Weber,  11 ;  Weigl, 
46 ;  Winter,  54. 

Opera  Buffe  was  invented  by  P. 
Guglielmi;  he  was  born  in  Italy,  1729, 
and  died  1804. 

Opharion,  an  instrument  very  much 
resembling  the  bass-viol. 

Ophicleide,  an  instrument  which 
offers  great  resources  for  maintaining 
the  low  part  of  masses  of  harmony ;  it 
is  used  as  an  alto  and  bass. 

Opitz,  Martin,  whom  the  Germans 
call  the  father  of  their  drama,  wrote 
some  operas,  and  translated  ''Daphne" 
from  the  Italian,  1627. 

Oratorio.  Performances  of  sacred 
music  were  called  Oratorios  because 
they  commenced  with  the  fathers  of  the 
oratory,  when,  to  draw  youths  to  church, 
they  had  hymns  and  sacred  Stories  writ- 
ten in  dialogue,  and  set  to  music.  After 
the  first  part  came  the  sermon,  which 
the  people  were  induced  to  stay  and 
hear  in  order  to  be  present  at  the  per 
formance  of  the  second  part.  The  sub- 
jects, in  early  times,  were  the  "Good 


A  DICTIONAKY  OP  MUSICAL  INFORMATION-. 


109 


Samaritan,"  "Prodigal  Son,"  "Tobit's 
Story,"  &c. ;  and  by  the  excellence  of 
the  composition,  the  band  of  instru- 
ments, and  the  performance,  the  oratory 
came  into  great  repute ;  and  this  species 
of  musical  drama  obtained  the  general 
appellation  of  oratorio. 

Orchestral  Piano,  an  instrument 
constructed  for  Liszt,  1853;  it  has  the 
orgue  melodium  attached  to  the  body  of 
the  grand  piano-forte  in  such  a  manner 
as  to  be  used  at  pleasure. 

Orchestrion,  an  instrument  in- 
tended to  possess  the  combined  power 
and  variety  of  a  full  orchestra ;  invented 
by  F.  T.  Kaufmann,  1851. 

Organ.  An  instrument  well  known 
as  the  most  complicated,  most  harmo- 
nious, and  most  capable  of  producing 
an  almost  endless  variety  of  combina- 
tions and  effects,  very  properly  called 
the  king  of  instruments.  The  organ 
was  first  introduced  into  France  in  757, 
the  first  one  ever  seen  in  that  country 
being  sent  to  Pepin,  the  founder  of  the 
Carlovingian  race,  by  the  emperor  Con- 
stantine  Copronimus;  and  soon  after- 
wards they  were  introduced  into  all  the 
churches  of  the  western  empire. 

Organized  Lyre,  an  instrument  of 
fifteen  strings,  embracing  four  octaves ; 
it  has  keys  like  those  of  the  piano-forte, 
and  two  necks,  each  with  six  strings,  to 
be  played  with  the  fingers. 

Organized  Piano-forte,  an  instru- 
ment consisting  of  an  organ  and  piano- 
forte. 

Organolyricon,  an  extremely  com- 
plex instrument  of  French  invention, 
much  on  the  principle  of  the  organ,  but 
combining  a  variety  of  instruments  in 
imitation  of  a  full  band  or  orchestra. 

Organophonic  Band,  a  Hungarian 
company,  who  without  instruments, 
with  the  voice  alone,  imitate  the  wind 
and  stringed  instruments  of  a  regular 
orchestra ;  came  to  this  country,  1848. 

Orloff,  Gregorio,  published  "^ 
History  of  Music, ^^  1822;  was  a  Russian 
count,  and  a  writer  of  ability. 

Orpheus  was  the  inventor  of  the 
religious  mysteries  of  the  Greeks ;  was 
a  Thracian  concerning  whom  number- 
less fables  have  been  written. 

Oscar,  King  of  Sweden,  composed 
several  hjTnns,  and  some  marches  which 
were  very  popular ;  was  in  1859  engaged 
upon  an  opera  at  the  time  of  his  death. 

Osgood,  George  L.,  tenor-singer  of 
Theodore     Thomas's     orchestra,     and 


teacher  of  music,  Boston,  Mass.,  pub- 
lished, 1874,  ''Guide  in  the  Art  of  Sincj- 
ing; "  a  work  based  on  reliable  traditions 
of  the  Italian  school  of  vocalization. 

OsTEN,  Theodore,  born  at  Berlin, 
1812,  a  pianist  and  composer  of  some 
note;  died  at  Berlin,  April,  1870,  aged 
56.  His  piano-forte  music  is  well  known 
in  London. 

Oswald,  James,  a  Scottish  composer 
and  editor  of  national  music,  was  music- 
master  at  Dunfermline,  1730;  taught  in 
Edinburgh ;  went  to  London  1741,  and 
in  17G1  was  chamber-composer  to  his 
majesty  the  king  of  England. 

Ottoman  Instruments.  Nineteen 
different  instruments  of  music  were 
early  used,  the  most  agreeable  of  which 
was  the  tambour,  strung  with  eight  cords, 
seven  of  steel  and  one  of  brass,  with  a 
long  handle  on  which  is  a  division  for 
fingering  the  notes;  and  with  this  in- 
strument they  can  play  any  overture. 
They  compose  and  execute  music  from 
memory;  are  rich  in  their  semitones, 
of  which  they  have  twenty-four  in  num- 
ber. Music  is  reckoned  essential  in 
their  education,  and  it  resembles  that 
of  Persia. 

Oulibicheff,  M.,  a  celebrated  Rus- 
sian amateur;  author  of  ''The  Life  and 
Works  of  Mozart,"  and  "The  History  of 
Music  before  Mozart,"  as  also  a  work  on 
Beethoven ;  died  Feb.  3,  1858,  at  Nijni- 
Novgorod,  where  he  had  long  resided. 

OusELEY,  Sir  F.  A.  Gore,"  born  1827, 
a  self-taucfht  musician;  at  the  age  of 
eight  years  composed  an  operetta;  in 
1853  composed  an  oratorio;  in  1855  was 
chosen  musical  professor  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  Oxford ;  is  the  precentor  of  Here- 
ford Cathedral,  and  an  acknowledged 
musician  and  composer. 

Overstrung  Bass  strings,  running 
diagonally  in  respect  to  the  other  strings 
of  the  instrument,  were  noticed  in  a 
Russian  piano-forte  brought  to  New 
York,  1849. 

Owen,  Morgan,  an  eminent  "Welsh 
bard  and  antiquarian,  born  1788;  died 
1868,  aged  80. 

OxENFORD,  John,  born  at  Camber- 
well,  England,  1812;  published  an  illus- 
trated book  of  "French  Songs,"  also 
poems  and  songs  set  to  music. 

Ozi,  Fran(;ois,  born  at  Montpellier 
about  the  year  1750,  was  a  celebrated 
perfonner  on  the  bassoon. 

Ozi,  Etienne,  probably  a  son  of  the 
preceding,  was  born  at  Nismes,  in  Lan- 


110 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


giiedoc,  in  1784.  He  was  professor  of 
the  bassoon  at  the  conservatory  in 
Paris,   and  also    first    bassoon    at    the 


Academy  of  Music ;  published  "Method 
for  Bassoon,''^  and  much  masic  for  that 
instrument. 


P.  This  letter  is  used  as  an  abbrevia- 
tion of  piano;  pp.  means  piu  piano,  or 
more  soft;  and  ppp.,  as  soft  as  possible. 

Pacha,  Omer,  wife  of  a  Turkish 
general,  a  Transylvanian  by  birth ;  came 
to  America  1859 ;  has  composed  several 
marches  and  some  other  music ;  became 
a  teacher  in  New  York,  after  a  short 
concert-tour,  1860. 

Pacini,  Giovanni,  born  at  Syracuse, 
1796;  went  to  Rome,  and  began  his 
career  as  a  composer  of  church-music ; 
at  the  age  of  thirteen  composed  for  the 
theatre ;  afterwards  wrote  operas  for  all 
the  Italian  theatres;  his  "Sa/fb"  is 
known  in  this  country ;  he  wrote  masses 
and  other  religious  and  secular  works 
later  in  life;  died  at  Florence,  Italy, 
December,  1867,  aged  71. 

Packard,  J.  B.,  of  Boston,  Mass. 
published  the  "  One  Key  Singer,'^  every 
tune  being  written  in  the  key  of  C ; 
some  of  the  music  is  composed  by  the 
publisher;  also  '■'■Musical  Genis,^^  New 
York,  1849. 

Packeridge,  M.,  an  Irishman,  was 
first  to  use  the  '^  Annonica^'  in  his 
country ;  it  was  improved  by  E.  Deleval, 
a  member  of  the  Royal  Society,  and 
further  by  Dr.  Franklin,  who  perfected 
it  and  made  of  it  an  entirely  different 
instrument. 

Paddon,  John,  for  many  years  one 
of  the  most  successful  teachers  of  music 
in  the  city  of  Boston,  Mass;  died  in 
Cambridge,  April  27,  1846,  aged  70. 

Padilla,  Artot,  wife  of  Padilla,  a 
Spanish  barytone  at  the  Italian  opera, 
Paris,  has  become  celebrated  as  prima 
donna  at  Berlin. 

Paduana,  Signora,  a  singer  at  Yen- 
ice.  In  1768  she  was  considered  to  pos- 
sess the  finest  voice  of  any  female  in 
Italy. 

Paer,  Ferdinando,  born  at  Parma, 
1771 ;  became  known  at  Yenice  as  a 
dramatic  composer;  chapel-master  at 
Dresden,  1801 ;  was  engaged  by  Napoleon 
for  the  court  of  France;  composed 
thirty  operas  and  much  other  music; 
died  at  Paris,  1839. 

Paqanini,  Nicolo,  bom  in  Genoa, 


cA^  rhfuri^^TT^ 


*i/j„. 


Feb.  18, 1784;  his  life  presented  nothing 
remarkable  until  1813,  when  he  com- 
menced giving  concerts  at  Milan,  and 
became  known  as  the  most  v/onderful 
violinist  living;  from  that  time  until 
his  death  he  had  a  world-wide  fame; 
he  composed  much  for  his  instrument; 
it  was  thought  that  he  possessed  some 
secret  knowledge  of  the  violin  that  no 
other  person  had.  He  died  at  Nizza  in 
Italy,  May  27,  1840. 

Paget,  Alexis,  published  in  London 
and  Dublin  the  "  Teachers'  Crown,'* 
with  "Minor  Cadences.'^ 

Paget,  Lord,  born  in  London,  1839; 
published  waltzes  for  the  piano-forte, 
with  cornet  accompaniments,  1857. 

Paine,  David,  born  at  Portland,  Me,, 
where  his  father  was  a  musician  and 
organ-builder;  at  the  age  of  ten  years 
he  walked  six  miles  every  Sunday  to 
play  the  organ  at  Limington,  Me. ;  and 
in  1829  became  organist  and  teacher 
of  music  at  Eastport,  these  two  organs 
being  the  only  ones  in  the  State  at  that 
time,  except  the  organs  in  Portland; 
went  to  Boston,  Mass.,  in  1840,  where  he 
was  organist  at  different  churches  for 
twenty-three  years;  and  in  1873  was 
organist  at  the  Cambridge-street  Church. 
Published  the  "  Portland  Collection,'* 
1839;  "Social  Minstrel,''  and  "Jenny 
Lind  Glee  Book,"  Boston,  1851. 

Paine,  John  K.,  a  composer  and  or- 
ganist of  European  as  well  as  American 
reputation ;  born  in  Portland,  Me.,  1839; 
made  a  professor  in  the  Boston,  Mass., 
University ;  instructor  of  music  at  Har- 
vard College;  his  organ  compositions, 
sonatas,  string-quartets,  and  songs  take 
high  rank ;  has  composed  one  successful 
oratorio,  "St.  Peter." 

Paine,  Thomas,  born  at  Taunton, 
Mass.,  Dec.  9,  1773;  had  his  name 
changed  to  Robert  Treat  Paine,  jun., 
1801 ;  wrote  "Adams  and  Liberty,"  one 
of  the  most  popular  songs  of  the  Revo- 
lution ;  the  music  was  English,  but  has 
since  been  known  as  the  "Star-Spangled 
Banner;"  died  in  Boston,  Nov.  13, 
1814. 

Paisiello,  Giovanni,  bom  at  Ta- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Ill 


rento,  May  9,  1741 ;  became  known  as  a 
singer,  1754;  and  was  an  opera  com- 
poser, 1703;  went  to  Russia,  1770;  was 
now  famous  as  a  composer;  went  to 
Warsaw  and  to  Naples;  wrote  every- 
where for  the  courts,  kings,  emperors, 
theatres,  and  church;  was  celebrated 
in  England,  France,  Italy,  and  Russia 
alike ;  was  a  member  of  many  learned 
societies;  and  died  at  Naples,  June  5, 
1810,  aged  75. 

Palestrina,  Giovan.  Pietro  Aloi- 
sio  DA,  a  celebrated  Italian  composer, 
born  in  Palestrina,  near  Rome,  1524; 
became  known  as  a  writer  of  madrigals, 
1559;  was  a  chapel-master,  1502;  and, 
having  brought  choral  harmony  to  a 
degree  of  perfection  that  has  never  been 
exceeded,  died  in  Rome,  Feb.  2,  1594, 
aged  70;  his  works  were  numerous  and 
of  gi*eat  value. 

Palfrey, Warwick,  of  Salem,  Mass., 
published  '^Evangelical  Psalmodist,^^ 
1802. 

Palmelodicon,  an  improvement 
upon  Franklin's  musical  glasses. 

Palmer,  William,  a  well-known 
musician  of  Washington,  known  South 
by  his  concerts;  died  June  30,  1850; 
gained  much  reputation  under  the 
name  of  Prof.  Heller. 

Palmo,  Ferdinand,  erected  a  theatre 
in  Chambers  Street,  New  York,  in  1843, 
where  he  made  musical  performances  a 
conspicuous  part  of  the  entertainment; 
spent  a  fortune  in  the  vain  endeavor  to 
make  a  permanent  house  for  Italian 
opera  in  that  city.  His  opera-house 
was  sold  to  W.  E.  Burton  in  1848,  and 
was  afterwards  occupied  by  the  United 
States  Government.  Born  in  Naples, 
1785;  came  to  New  York,  1810;  died 
there  Sept.  5,  1809. 

Pandean  Pipes,  one  of  the  oldest 
instruments,  made  of  reeds  of  different 
lengths,  and  producing  as  many  tones  as 
there  were  reeds. 

Pandora,  a  stringed  instrument  re- 
sembling a  lute,  with  brass  strings. 

Panharmonicon,  an  ancient  wind- 
instrument,  consisting  of  pipes  and  in 
some  degree  resembling  a  small  organ. 

Panna,  Csinka,  a  Hungarian  gypsy- 
woman;  a  singer  and  celebrated  violin- 
ist, 1772 ;  possessed  much  musical  intel- 
ligence, and  was  long  leader  of  an  or- 
chestra of  celebrity  in  Hungary. 

Panormo,  Ferdinand  Charles, 
son  of  Francis,  was  an  eminent  pianist; 
at  the  age  of  six  years  played  in  public, 


and  at  the  age  of  fifteen  became  known 
as  a  composer  and  performer  in  London, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland. 

Panormo,  Francis,  born  in  Rome, 
began  his  musical  career  in  Paris,  where 
he  acquired  celebrity  as  a  composer  of 
songs  and  music  for  the  violin  and  flute ; 
went  to  London,  and  taught  music  there 
and  in  Dublin ;  wrote  some  works  upon 
music  of  high  repute. 

Panseron,  M.,  a  much-esteemed 
French  composer  of  vocal  and  other 
music ;  in  early  life,  chapel-master  to  a 
French  prince,  and  author  of  some  use- 
ful works  on  the  science  of  music ;  died 
August,  1859. 

Papanti,  Lorenzo,  celebrated  as  a 
performer  on  the  French  horn,  and  a 
violinist;  known  in  the  orchestra  of 
Ostinelli,  in  Boston;  at  one  time  a 
teacher  of  music  and  dancing  at  West 
Point,  and  later  in  Boston ;  was  born  in 
Florence,  Italy,  1799;  came  to  Boston, 
1824 ;  was  a  musician  on  board  ' '  The 
Constitution;"  died  May  7,  1872,  aged 
73. 

Paradies,  Domenico,  went  to  Lon- 
don in  1742 ;  was  a  composer,  and  per- 
former upon  instruments ;  set  an  Italian 
opera  to  music,  1743. 

Pardoe,  M.,  of  Albany,  N.Y.,  1835, 
constructed  an  automaton  •  trumpeter, 
which  performed  several  very  difiicult 
pieces  of  trumpet-music  finely;  it  was 
considered  a  rival  of  Maelzel's. 

Parepa,  Eupiirosyne,  was  born  in       - 
Edinburgh,  Scotland,  May  7, 1831^ ;  after      f 
becoming  known  as  a  singer  she  mar-     ' 
ried  Capt.  Carvil  of  the  English  army, 
and  made  her  appearance  in  opera  at 
Malta,  1855;  sang  in  Spain,  Italy,  and 
England  until  1805,  when  her  husband 
died  ;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1800, 
appeared  in  concerts,  and  married  Carl 
Rosa,  violinist,  at  New  York,  Feb.  20, 
1807,  and  made  her  appearance  in  opera 
the  same  month  at  Springfield,  Mass. ; 
sang  at  the  first  Peace  Jubilee,  Boston, 
in  1809 ;  with  her  husband  formed  the 
Parepa-Rosa   English  Opera  company, 
which  became  famous ;  after  a  series  of 
triumphs  in  this  country,  she  went  to 
England,   and   to  Egypt;  returning  to 
London,  she  died,  Jan.  2i,  1874,  aged        / 
38. 

Parke,  John,  born  1745;  was  a  per- 
former on  the  hautboy  at  the  oratorios, 
1770,  and  the  successor  of  Fischer  at 
Yauxhall  Gardens ;  became  attached  to 
the  Carlton  House  band,  and  was  en- 


112 


A  DICTIONAEr  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


gaged  at  all  the  music  meetings  of  the 
country,  and  continued  to  play  until 
near  seventy  years  of  age ;  composed  a 
large  number  of  concertos ;  died  at  Lon- 
don, 1829. 

Pakke,  Miss,  afterwards  Mrs.  Beard- 
more,  was  born  in  1775 ;  among  the  first 
orchestral  singers  and  most  celebrated 
pianists ;  died  at  an  early  age  in  the  year 
1822,  her  husband  surviving  her  only 
four  months ;  published  several  sets  of 
sonatas,  besides  detached  pieces  and 
some  songs. 

Parke,  William  Thomas,  a  cele- 
brated performer  on  the  hautboy ;  born 
1762 ;  performed  at  the  London  theatres 
in  1776;  acquired  considerable  reputa- 
tion as  a  composer ;  wrote  many  songs, 
glees,  and  instrumental  pieces;  was 
made  a  member  of  the  Royal  Society  of 
Musicians,  and  enjoyed  the  favor  of 
George  lY. ;  died  Aug.  2,  1829,  aged  67. 

Pakker,  Caleb,  a  well-known  melo- 
deon  manufacturer  of  Concord,  N.H., 
firm  of  Parker  &  Secomb,  born  in  New 
Hampton,  Sept.  10,  1810;  died  at  a  cur- 
ative establishment  in  Providence,  R.  L, 
where  he  had  hoped  to  gain  in  health, 
Jan.  19,  1874,  aged  64. 

Parker,  J.  C.  D.,  born  at  Boston, 
Mass. ;  in  1857,  succeeded  Mueller  as 
organist  and  pianist  to  the  Handel  and 
Haydn  Society ;  a  sound  musician,  and 
author  of  a  "^Manual  of  Harmony ;'^ 
professor  in  the  College  of  Music  of 
Boston  University ;  published  ^'Musical 
Dramas,"  in  numbers. 

Parker,  John  R.,  music-dealer,  Bos- 
ton, Mass.;  in  1820,  edited  ''The  Eu- 
terpeiad,  or  Musical  Intelligencer^''^  pub- 
lished every  Saturday  by  Thomas 
Badger,  jun. ;  it  was  the  first  of  its  kind 
in  New  England. 

Parker,  Luther,  of  Charlemont, 
Mass. ;  a  composer  of  church-music,  and 
a  singing-master  for  many  years. 

Parker,  Matthew,  born  at  Nor- 
wich, 1504;  composed  the  music  to 
Queen  Elizabeth's  Liturgy;  also  trans- 
lated the  Psalms ;  died  in  1575. 

Parker,  W.  T.,  of  London,  England, 
pnncipal  oboist  to  the  Royal  Theatre, 
Covent  Garden,  was  born  1784;  wrote 
*' Musical  Memoirs ^^  and  other  works; 
was  oboist  forty  years ;  died  1838. 

Parkhurst,  Miss,  of  London,  Eng- 
land, wrote  *'  Stepping- Stone  to  Music,'^ 
1853. 

Parma,  Nicolo,  a  contrapuntist  of 
the  sixteenth  century,  born  at  Mantua ; 


published  '' Cantiones  Sacrce,  5,  6-10, 
Vocum,''  Venice,  1580. 

Parmentier,  Jean,  born  at  Dieppe, 
1494 ;  composed  loyal  songs,  ballads,  ron- 
dos, "good  and  exceeding  moralities," 
among  which  was  one  for  ten  actors, 
published  1531,  at  Paris. 

Parodi,  Teresa,  a  native  of  Genoa, 
born  Aug.  27,  1827;  first  appeared  in 
opera  at  Bergamo,  1845,  and  at  once  be- 
came famous;  sang  in  Italy,  France, 
and  England,  everywhere  with  success ; 
came  to  this  country  in  1850,  and  re- 
mained in  the  United  States,  singing  in 
all  the  principal  cities,  until  1854,  when 
she  was  engaged  at  the  Grand  Opera, 
Paris;  retured  here  in  1855,  and  gave 
concerts  in  the  principal  cities. 

Parran,  Antoine,  died  at  Bourges, 
1650;  published  at  Paris  in  1636  and 
1646,  a  work  entitled  "■Traitede  Musique, 
contenant  les  Preceptes  de  la  Composi- 
tion.^' 

Parry,  John,  London,  England,  au- 
thor of  a  "  Manual  of  Musical  Terms;'''' 
wrote  much  on  the  subject  of  music, 
1863 ;  was  celebrated  as  a  comic  singer 
and  pianist. 

Parry,  John,  born  at  Denbigh,  North 
Wales,  1776 ;  when  a  boy,  made  himself 
a  fife,  and  learned  to  play  such  music  as 
he  heard;  joined  a  military  band,  be- 
came leader,  and  could  play  upon  three 
flageolets  at  the  same  time  ;  in  1807, 
went  to  reside  in  London,  where  he 
composed  and  published  upwards  of 
three  hundred  compositions,  also  books 
of  instruction  for  several  instruments, 
and  many  volumes  of  instrumental  mu- 
sic for  bands  and  orchestras;  retired 
1853. 

Parsley,  R.,  author  of  the  ''Fash- 
ionable Lyric  Companion,^'  published  in 
London,  England,  1787. 

Passion  Plays.  In  the  passion  plays 
there  was  nothing  spoken.  The  story 
and  the  dialogues  were  intoned,  and  the 
words  of  the  people  sung  by  a  chorus. 
It  was  a  common  custom  to  give  the 
words  of  the  several  characters  in  part 
harmony. 

Pasta,  Giuditta,  born  at  Serrano, 
near  Milan,  1799 ;  made  her  d^but,  1817 ; 
appeared  in  Paris,  1822,  and  in  London, 
1824 ;  was  much  admired  as  an  opera- 
singer  and  actress ;  sang  mostly  in  Italy 
and  France ;  retired  1853 ;  was  of  a  Jew- 
ish family  named  Negri ;  had  one  child, 
a  daughter,  born  in  1825 ;  died  in  1865, 
aged  66. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


118 


Pate,  William  O.,  born  at  Mobile, 
Ala.,  February,  1850 ;  became  celebrated. 
South,  as  a  pianist ;  went  to  England, 
and  received  the  appointment  of  pianist 
to  the  Prince  of  Wales ;  composed  many 
pieces  for  piano. 

Patent  Notes,  invented  by  Andrew 
Law  of  Cheshire,  Conn.,  1792;  three, 
new-shaped,  were  invented  by  J.  B. 
Aiken,  Philadelphia,  Penn.,  184G;  and 
three  others  by  G.  Hendrickson  of  Vir- 
ginia, 1849. 

Patterson,  J.  T.,  born  at  Augusta, 
Me.,  March  25,  1837 ;  blind,  but  became 
noted  as  a  pianist,  violinist,  organist, 
and  composer;  a  teacher  for  many 
years. 

Patterson,  John,  of  Albany,  N.Y., 
author  of  ^'Preceptors''  for  the  fife, 
flute,  and  other  instruments;  a  well- 
known  musician. 

Patti,  Abelina,  born  at  Madrid, 
Spain,  April  9,  1843 ;  came  to  America, 
1844 ;  could  sing  before  she  could  speak ; 
first  appeared  at  the  age  of  nine  years, 
when  she  made  the  tour  of  the  prov- 
inces with  Strakosch  and  Ole  Bull, 
clearing  as  her  share  of  the  profits 
$20,000 ;  went  to  the  West  Indies  with 
Gottschalk;  visited  Europe,  where  she 
was  the  leading  prima  donna  several 
years ;  married  in  London,  and  has 
since  sung  in  Hamburg,  London,  and 
Paris. 

Patti,  Amelia,  was  famous  as  a 
singer,  and  married  Maurice  Strakosch, 
the  distinguished  pianist  and  composer 
of  New  York. 

Patti,  Carlos,  was  known  in  this 
country  principally  as  a  violinist,  and 
leader  of  an  orchestra  at  New  Orleans, 
La. ;  was  born  in  the  greenroom  of  the 
theatre,  Madrid,  1842 ;  was  for  a  season 
director  of  Grand  Opera  in  New  York ; 
went  to  St.  Louis,  1873,  and  died  there, 
March  17,  1873. 

Patti,  Carlotta,  was  born  in  Italy, 
but  came  here  when  a  child ;  appeared 
in  New  York,  1861,  and  soon  after,  at 
Covent  Garden,  London;  sang  in 
France,  Belgium,  Holland,  Brussels, 
Liege,  Antwerp,  and  Amsterdam ;  went 
to  nearly  all  the  cities  of  Germany  and 
Italy ;  her  success  was  immense,  and  in 
Paris  she  gave  over  one  hundred  con- 
certs; she  visited  Russia,  Constantino- 
ple, Moldavia,  Wallachia,  and  then  re- 
turned to  the  United  States. 

Patti,  Salvator,  married  Madame 
Barilli,  a  celebrated  prima  donna  and 


tragic  actress ;  he  was  an  excellent  tenor 
opera-singer  of  Milan,  and  came  from 
Italy  to  this  country  in  1S44,  bringing 
all  his  family  with  him ;  they  were  all 
artists,  and  have  since  appeared  in  re- 
mote quarters  of  the  globe.  Died  at 
Paris,  Aug.  30,  1859.     See  Barilll 

Pattison,  J.  N.,  born  at  Niagara 
Falls,  N.Y.,  1840;  first  became  known 
as  pianist  for  a  travelling  concert  troupe ; 
went  to  Europe,  gave  concerts  in  some 
of  the  Italian  cities ;  returning,  appeared 
in  New  York,  18G2 ;  since  which,  except 
when  on  protracted  concert-tours,  he  has 
remained  in  that  city,  where  he  is  well 
known  as  a  pianist,  teacher,  and  com- 
poser. 

Paulus,  M.,  and  M.  Maury,  com- 
posers and  musicians ;  first  and  second 
leaders  of  the  French  Band,  "  Garde 
Repiiblicaiiie,"  since  1854;  visited  Lon- 
don 1871,  and  gave  concerts  with  great 
success  ;  came  to  this  country  1872,  and 
performed  at  the  Boston  Peace  Jubilee ; 
the  band  consists  of  men  who  have 
served  at  least  two  years  in  one  of  the 
French  regiments,  and  who  enlist  for 
twenty-five  years;  numbers  fifty-five 
men. 

Payne,  John  Howard,  born  ic  New 
York,  June  9,  1792;  known  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe  as  an  actor,  and 
for  his  connection  with  several  news- 
papers and  periodicals  ;  celebrated  as 
the  author  of  ''Home,  Sioeet  Home;" 
was  appointed  consul  at  Tunis,  1841 ; 
died  there  April  1,  1852;  his  monument 
says  he  was  born  in  Boston,  Mass. ;  he 
did  live  there  when  a  boy,  and  there 
made  his  first  appearance  at  the  old 
Boston  Theatre. 

Peacham,  Henry,  published,  1624, 
a  work  upon  music  and  musical  men, 
very  useful  to  persons  fond  of  musical 
history. 

Peacock,  Francis,  born  at  Aber- 
deen, Scotland,  1723;  was  a  composer 
and  instrumental  performer;  published 
a  collection  of  "  Scottish  Music,"  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Aberdeen  Musical 
Society;  played  the  violin  and  violon- 
cello in  the  public  concerts  for  many 
years ;  died  June  26,  1807,  aged  84. 

Peak,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  with  four 
children,  commenced  giving  concerts 
1841 ;  in  1854  the  family,  increased  to 
eight,  introduced  hells,  after  the  fashion 
of  the  Swiss  bell-ringers,  also  the  harp, 
violin,  guitar,  and  other  instruments. 
William  H.  became  famous  in  another 


/l^c^  /O  j-L-cy/cL  [y^  ^  / i^^vvw ,  T/iyu^  /lA.  ■  rrL^^z^j 


114 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


company,  1858;  Lisetta  was  famous  as 
a  singer ;  Alfred  Fays  was  the  principal 
violinist. 

Peakce,  James,  Mus.  Bac,  Oxford, 
England,  New  College,  came  to  this 
country,  and  was  organist  at  Philadel- 
phia, and  settled  at  Quebec,  Canada; 
published  "  Chants  and  Besponses,'^ 
1867,  and  has  since  written  many  church 
tunes  and  songs. 

Peaece,  J.,  author  of  a  work  on 
violins  and  violin  -  players,  Sheffield, 
England,  1866. 

PeaPvCE,  T.,  of  London,  England, 
published,  1856,  a  "  Collection  o/"  An- 
thems.^^ 

Pears  ALL,  R.  L.,  known  in  London 
as  an  amateur  composer  of  madrigals, 
died  at  his  residence  in  Switzerland, 
September,  1856  ;  was  the  author  of 
many  essays  on  music,  and  a  composer 
of  songs. 

Peaksall,,  S.,  of  London,  England, 
author  of  "  Hymns  of  the  Church," 
printed  1843. 

Pease,  E.,  of  Cincinnati,  O.,  author 
of  "  YoutKs  Musical  Lamp,"  and  the 
*^  American  School  Song  Book." 

Pease,  Frederick  N.,  in  connec- 
tion with  Edward  A.  Perkins,  published 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  ''  The  Western  Bell," 
glees,  quartets,  and  choruses. 

Pease,  M.  H.,  published,  1852,  at 
Pittsburg,  Penn.,  the  "  Musical  Instruc- 
tor;"  was  assisted  in  the  work  by  E. 
Pease  and  J.  McMillen. 

Peasley,  Aaron  Merrill,  in  1818 
invented  and  patented  *'a  new  and 
useful  improvement  in  organs,"  and 
claimed  reed  instruments  as  an  Ameri- 
can invention.  He  reaped  little  benefit 
from  his  invention,  for  it  was  not  until 
after  the  expiration  of  his  patent  that 
it  became  popular.  In  1873  it  was  esti- 
mated that  forty  thousand  organs,  in 
which  the  tones  are  produced  by  vibra- 
tors or  reeds,  are  sold  annually  in  the 
United  States  alone,  and  that  ten  times 
as  many  are  annually  exported  as  the 
whole  amount  of  foreign  instruments 
brought  into  this  country. 

Peblis,  David,  one  of  the  principal 
musicians  of  Scotland  in  his  time ;  set 
some  of  the  Psalms  in  four  and  five 
parts,  1530. 

Peck,  Daniel  L.,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  published,  1810,  a  valuable  col- 
lection of  sacred  music,  some  of  which 
was  original ;  104  pages. 

Pecke,  Edward  M.,  published  much 


music  in  connection  with  Thomas  Hel- 
more,  London,  England. 

Pedalier,  a  new  French  instrument, 
making  an  addition  of  the  keyboard  for 
the  feet,  commanding  deeply-toned  bass 
strings  to  the  piano-forte. 

Peebles,  J.  M.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  in 
connection  with  J.  O.  Bassett  and  K. 
H.  Bailey,  published,  1867,  the  "  Spirit- 
ual Harp"  and  other  collections  of 
vocal  music. 

Peerson,  Martin,  a  composer  of 
madrigals,  motets,  and  chamber-music, 
in  London,  from  1620  to  1630. 

Pellegrini,  a  singer  attached  to 
the  London  theatres  for  nearly  fifty 
years;  went  there  with  Monck  Mason 
to  introduce  German  opera;  died  at 
Munich,  his  native  place,  1858. 

Peloubet,  C,  became  generally 
known,  1866,  as  a  manufacturer  of 
organs  and  melodeons  at  Bloomfield, 
N.J. ;  the  firm  name  is  C.  Peloubet  and 
Son,  and  their  instruments  have  largely 
sold  West. 

Pena,  John,  of  Paris,  France,  first 
published  the  "  Introduction  to  Har- 
monics" by  Euclid,  1.557;  it  went 
through  several  editions. 

Pentachord,  made  of  leather,  hav- 
ing five  strings,  struck  with  a  plectrum 
made  of  goat's  horn. 

Pentatonic  Scale,  C,  D,  E,  G,  A; 
it  may  be  represented  by  sharps  from 
F:j*  and  the  black  keys  of  the  piano- 
forte; it  was  known  early  to  the  Chi- 
nese, and  has  been  used  in  Ireland  and 
Scotland. 

Pepin  the  Short,  one  of  the  kings 
of  France,  750,  organized  a  regular  mu- 
sical establishment  at  his  court;  placed 
an  organ,  a  present  from  Constantine, 
in  his  church,  and  obtained,  for  use  in 
his  choir,  music  from  Rome,  and  a 
teacher  who  opened  a  singing-school  at 
Rouen ;  at  this  school  the  pupils  sent 
into  the  provinces  to  teach  were  first 
called  **  Masters  of  Music." 

Pepusch,  John  Christopher,  a 
great  theoretical  musician,  born  at  Ber- 
lin, 1667;  at  the  age  of  fourteen  was 
a  teacher  of  the  harpsichord;  went  to 
England  1700,  and  assisted  in  adapting 
operas  to  the  stage ;  became  celebrated 
as  a  teacher  and  composer;  was  elected 
a  fellow  of  the  Royal  Society ;  and  died 
in  London,  England,  1752. 

Perelli,  Natale,  born  at  Milan, 
Italy,  1816;  early  became  known  as  a 
composer    of    operas  ;    came   to    this 


/  kjuyHTiry-^     2-^>nru    /  -t/v,Ou^.^ 


i^^l   z;,   /IT  J/,    /0/y.L^^ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


115 


country,  1847,  with  the  Marti  troupe; 
appeared  in  the  principal  cities  and  in 
Boston  on  the  first  production  of  "  Er- 
nani ;  "  returned  to  Pliiladelphia,  Penn., 
where  he  was  urged  to  remain;  was 
employed  there  in  teaching,  singing, 
and  composing  until  his  death,  Febru- 
ary, 18G7. 

Perez,  David,  of  Spanish  extraction, 
born  at  Naples  1711 ;  composed  his  first 
opera  1741,  and  gained  great  reputation 
in  Sicily,  where  he  resided;  afterwards 
wrote  his  best  works  in  Naples ;  visited 
Rome,  Portugal,  and  other  places  by 
invitation ;  was  blind  during  the  latter 
years  of  his  life;  was  a  fine  singer; 
composed  much  for  the  theatre  and 
the  church;  died  1778,  in  the  service 
of  King  Joseph,  after  living  many  years 
in  Portugal,  aged  67. 

Pergolese,  or  Pergolest,  Giovan- 
ni Battista,  born  at  Jesi,  Jan.  3,  1710; 
became  a  composer  of  operas  early,  but 
did  not  gain  much  reputation  at  first, 
though  a  man  of  great  abilities ;  his 
popularity  increased  after  his  death ; 
and  his  compositions,  which  were  nu- 
merous, rank  among  the  best  of  his 
time;  his  ^^  Salve  Ber/ina,^^  printed  in 
England,  was  his  last  work;  died  1736. 
Pericles  was  a  musician,  and  built 
the  Odeon,  or  music-room,  at  Athens,  in 
which  poets  and  musicians  practised 
daily;  invited  Antigenidas  to  come 
there  as  a  teacher,  and  procured  for 
him  many  scholars. 

Perignon,  H.  J.,  in  1800  was  ap- 
pointed first  violinist  in  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Music  at  Paris,  and  com- 
posed much  music  for  his  instrument. 

Perkins,  C.  C,  a  native  of  Boston, 
in  1853  presented  a  statue  in  bronze,  of 
Beethoven,  to  the  Boston  Music  Hall 
Association;  was  a  composer  of  orches- 
tral music;  and  a  cantata,  ^^  The  Pil- 
gruns,-^  composed  by  him,  was  per- 
formed in  Boston,  Feb.  17,  1855. 

Perkins,  Julius  Edson,  bom  at 
Stockbridge,  Vt.,  became  somewhat 
celebrated  as  a  bass -singer;  went  to 
Europe  1867 ;  appeared  in  opera  there, 
and  since  in  London,  as  primo  basso, 
with  success ;  died  in  London,  England, 
Feb.  25, 1875.  .mA^^ 

I  Perkins,  Henry  S.fborn  in  Stock- 

[  bridge,  Vt.,  March  20,  1833;  early  be- 
>  came  a  singer,  and  peiformer  on  instru- 
\  ments ;  became  member  of  a  concert 
i  company  1855,  after  which  he  made 
I       teaching  music  a  business  for  several 


years ;  and  since  1862  has  been  known 
as  a  conductor  of  conventions  West, 
and  as  a  publisher  of  singing-books,  and 
composer  of  music.         ^^'^ 

Perkins,  William  OT,  born  at  Stock- 
bridge,  Vt.,  May  23,  1831;  in  1849  be- 
came a  choir-leader,  performer  upon 
instruments,  and  music  -  teacher ;  in 
1848  commenced  publishing  church  mu- 
sic books,  and  became  celebrated  as  a 
conductor  of  musical  conventions ;  has 
held  conventions  in  every  State  east  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  has  become  known 
as  a  composer  of  church-music,  glees, 
and  songs. 

Perret  published  at  Paris,  1794, 
"  Concertos,  pour  Basson,^^  and  other 
music. 

Perronet,  Edward,  born  at  Shore- 
ham,  England,  wrote,  among  others, 
the  inspiring  and  triumphant  hymn, 
"  All  Hail  the  Power  of  Jesus'  Name ; " 
died  January,  1772. 

Persian  Music,  though  not  ad- 
vanced as  in  many  other  countries,  has, 
within  a  few  years,  made  wonderful 
progress. 

Persiani,  Madame,  born  1800,  one 
of  the  most  celebrated  operatic  singers 
of  this  century,  is  the  daughter  of  the 
famous  tenor  Tacchinardi ;  in  the  winter 
of  1852  she  was  engaged  in  the  opera  at 
St.  Petersburg ;  retired  from  the  stage 
1859;  and  died  in  Paris,  May  27,  1867. 

Persiani,  Signor,  in  1846,  after  the 
dismissal  of  his  wife  from  her  Majesty's 
theatre,  was  instrumental  in  opening 
the  Royal  Italian  Opera-House,  1847; 
he  composed  several  operas,  performed 
at  Naples,  Paris,  Madrid,  and  Venice; 
died  in  Paris,  1869,  aged  65. 

Perthaler,  Caroline,  born  at 
Gries,  in  the  Austrian  Tyrol,  1805; 
celebrated  as  a  pianist;  died  there 
December,  1873,  aged  68. 

Peruzzi,  Madame,  daughter  of  the 
Russian  consul  at  New  York,  became 
celebrated  as  a  pianist,  and  was  educated 
in  this  country. 

Peruzzini,  Giovanni,  editor  of 
^^V Italia  Musicale,'^  died  at  Venice, 
1869;  was  the  author  of  various  li- 
bretti. 

Pestalozzi,  John  Henry,  bom  in 
Zurich,  Switzerland,  Jan.  12,  1745; 
known  throughout  the  world  for  bis 
system  of  teaching;  his  principles  ot 
teaching  have  been  applied  in  music 
schools  with  success;  died  at  Brugg, 
Feb.  27,  1827,  at  the  age  of  82. 


116 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  I^^FORMATIO]S'. 


lA/n-c^ 


Pestalozzian  System  in  music  ;  a 
system  written  by  H.  G.  Nageli  of  Zu- 
rich, 1812 ;  it  was  used  by  Lowell  Mason 
in  this  country,  as  were  many  composi- 
tions by  this  Swiss  writer. 

Peter  the  Great  regularly  attend- 
ed the  concerts  of  the  German  chamber- 
musicians  at  St.  Petersburg,  and  took 
lessons  on  the  violoncello  from  one  of 
the  performers,  who  pleased  him,  and 
whom  he  presented  with  a  snuff-box 
mounted  with  brilliants. 

Peters,  Absalom,  born  at  Went- 
worth,  N.H.,  Sept.  19,  1793,  was  a 
composer  and  writer  on  music,  and  a 
teacher. 

Peters,  W.  C,  of  Baltimore,  Md., 
published  the  "  Catholic  Harmonist,'' 
1852, 

Petrella,  the  composer  of  ^^  lone,'' 
was  born  in -Italy,  1813 ;  composed  five 
or  six  successful  operas ;  has  a  large 
reputation  in  his    own    country;    but 
^''^)}  only  one  of  his  works    is  yet    known 
»^^(    in  America. 

7"  Petrides,  Joseph  and  Peter,  broth- 
ers ;  Joseph  was  born  1755,  and  Peter 
1766,  at  Prague;  both  celebrated  per- 
formers on  the  French  horn  ;  travelled 
through  Germany,  giving  concerts,  then 
through  Italy,  Sicily,  France,  Spain,  and 
Portugal;  after  fifteen  years'  wander- 
ing, they  settled  in  London,  and  became 
famous  as  composers  and  performers. 

Petrie,  Robert,  of  Kirkmichael, 
Perthshire,  Scotland,  was  a  music- 
teacher,  performer  upon  instruments, 
and  a  composer  ;  no  less  than  four 
books  by  this  author  were  published  in 
London. 

Pettet,  Alfred,  teacher  of  music, 
and  composer,  London,  England,  pub- 
lished, 1827,  a  collection  of  "sacred  mu- 
sic, all  original. 

Pfeiffer,  Charlotte  Birch,  au- 
thor of  several  musical  dramas,  and  a 
well-known  actress;  died  at  Berlin 
Aug.  25,  1869. 

Pfeiffer,  Michael  T.,  bom  m 
Sulcfelden,  near  Wurzburg,  Nov.  1 
1771;  celebrated  as  a  violinist;  in  M04 
founded  a  school,  and  introduced  the 
Pestalozzian  method  of  teachine4nusic, 
at  Aargau,  and  became  a  teacl)<^  of  emi 
nence. 

Pfeiffer,  Oscar,  born/ in  Vienna, 
Oct.  27,  1830;  in  1844  gayfe  piano-forte 
concerts,  and  in  1845  made  the  tour  of 
Europe ;  was  in  Paris  1846,  and  in  1848 


many,  and  in  1850  came  to  this  country; 
afterwards  went  to  Spain,  Portugal,  and 
other  countries,  and  came  again  to  the 
United  States,  and  settled  in  New  York; 
his  wife  is  a  dramatic  singer. 

Phemius,  a  poet  and  musician ;  was 
employed  to  sing  at  weddings  and 
feasts ;  he  was  not  only  a  singer,  but  a 
performer  on  the  lyre. 

Philidor,  Francois  Andre  Dani- 
CAN,  born  at  Dreux  1726,  became 
known  as  a  composer  in  1737;  settled 
in  Paris  as  a  teacher  and  copyist ;  trav- 
elled through  Holland,  England,  Ger- 
many, and  other  countries,  and  in  1759 
became  famous  as  a  dramatic  composer ; 
wrote  for  all  the  theatres,  and  for  the 
Academy  of  Music;  died  in  London, 
1795. 

Philis,  Jean  Baptiste,  a  celebrated 
professor  of  the  guitar,  at  Paris,  France ; 
one  of  his  daughters  was  the  wife  of 
Boieldieu  the  composer;  another,  Ja- 
canna,  became  a  most  brilliant  singer  at 
the  Opera  Comique. 

Philippi,  H.,  teacher  of  piano-forte, 
Troy,  N.Y.,  1859,  invented  the  "  Chro- 
matic Keyboard,"  which  he  claimed  as 
opening  a  new  field  for  brilliant  effects 
which  require  a  lifetime  of  practice  on 
the  ordinary  keyboard. 

PniLLipps,  Aj)ELAide,  born  in  Bris- 
tol, England ;  came  to  America  by  way 
of  Canada,  and  was  early  engaged  at 
the  Boston  Museum;  went  to  Europe 
1852 ;  sang  at  some  of  the  small  towns 
in  Italy,  and  returned  to  Boston  1855, 
at  which  time  her  mother  died.  Since, 
Miss  Phillipps  has  continued  an  un- 
interrupted career  of  success ;  has  made 
frequent  tours  through  the  States,  vis- 
ited Europe,  been  successful  in  London 
and  in  Paris,  and  constantly  gained 
in  reputation  at  home.  Her  father, 
Alfred  Phillipps,  died  at  Marshfield, 
Mass.,  Oct.  16,  1870. 

Phillips.  Alice,  born  1844,  daughter 

ofj^enry  PhilHp|)  of  Edgbaston,  Eng- 

na7  Became  Toiown  as   an  excellent 

contralto-singer,  1861,  at  Birmingham, 

Oxford,  and  other  places. 

Phillips,  Austin,  born  in  Bristol, 
England,  Sept.  4,  1811,  became  cele- 
brated as  an  organist  and  composer; 
came  to  New  York  1839,  and  was  em- 
ployed there  as  an  organist;  died  in 
1849;  his  brother  William  was  a  musi- 
cian at  the  Opera  House,  London;  his 
sister  Josephine  was  a  vocalist  of  repu- 
tation. 


in  Russia;  in  1849  wen^i^ through  Ger- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


117 


Phillips,  Charles  E.,  born  at  Wo- 
burn,  Mass.,  1796  ;  celebrated  as  a 
musician  and  teacher ;  author  of  several 
popular  songs ;  died  at  Nantucket,  1836, 
aged  40, 

Phillips,  Philip,  was  born  in 
Jamestown,  Chautauqua  County,  New 
York,  Aug.  13,  1834;  gave  his  time  to 
music-teaching  from  the  age  of  nine- 
teen years;  settled  in  Cincinnati,  O; 
became  known  as  a  composer  and  maker 
of  singing  -  books ;  removed  to  New 
York  1866,  and  since,  as  the  '*  Singing 
Pilgrim,''^  has  given  concerts  in  most  of 
the  States,  in  England,  and  has  also 
visited  France  and  Italy. 

Phipps,  S.  B.,  born  in  Otisfield,  Me., 
April  30,  1828  ;  commenced  teaching 
music  1849;  went  to  Boston  1851,  and 
taught  in  Massachusetts  until  1859, 
when  he  composed  some  church  tunes 
and  songs,  but  has  made  teaching  his 
business;  was  author  of  the  ^^ Musical 
Mirror.^' 

Phonomine,  invented  in  Vienna, 
1834;  it  resembles  an  organ,  and  imi- 
tates a  chorus  of  male  voices. 

PiANAUTOMATON,  an  clcctric  autom- 
aton piano-forte  player  invented  in 
New  York;  it  will  perform  any  music 
supplied  to  it  on  paper. 

Piano-forte  Androides,  invented 
by  M.  Maillardet  of  Switzerland,  in  the 
form  of  a  lady  pianist,  which  performed 
eighteen  tunes. 

Piano-forte,  a  well-known  stringed 
and  keyed  instrument  of  German  ori- 
gin, now  largely  manufactured  in  this 
country. 

Piano-forte  Transposer,  an  in- 
vention perfected  1870,  whereby  trans- 
position on  the  piano-forte  has  been 
obtained  by  moving  the  keyboard. 

PiATTi,  a  Turkish  musical  instrument, 
which  does  not  produce  pure  musical 
sounds,  but  is  very  loud. 

PicciNi,  Nicola,  born  at  Bari,  in  the 
kingdom  of  Naples,  1728,  was  one  of 
the  most  fertile  and  original  composers 
of  the  Neapolitan  school ;  went  to  Rome, 
and  was  there  considered  the  best  com- 
poser of  his  age;  in  1776  resided  in 
Paris,  where  he  became  principal  of  the 
singing-school, and  established  an  annual 
concert;  was  eventually  pensioned  by 
Bonaparte,  and  made  inspector  of  the 
conservatory  of  music;  died  in  Passy, 
near  Paris,  May  7,  1801,  aged  72. 

Picco,  Joseph,  a  Sardinian  minstrel, 
boru  blind,  and  brought  up  among  the 


Apennines,  where  his  father  was  a 
shepherd;  became  celebrated  at  the  age 
of  twenty-five  years  as  a  performer  upon 
the  tibia  pastoral,  or  small  flute ;  has  ap- 
peared upon  the  stage  in  Italy,  France, 
England,  and  other  countries;  his  in- 
strument is  very  short,  and  has  only 
three  holes. 

PiccoLiNi,  celebrated  as  a  whistler; 
he  made  whistling  a  profession,  1865; 
gave  concerts  in  Italy  and  elsewhere; 
performed  such  music  as  the  cavatina 
'^ Casta  Diva,''  to  full  accompaniment  of 
piano-forte,  and  can  make  double  notes 
with  distinctness,  and  most  excellent 
shakes. 

PiccoLOMiNi,  Maria,  born  at  Sienna, 
1835;  was  of  an  ancient  Tuscan  family; 
made  her  debut  at  Florence,  1852;  be- 
came renowned  in  Italy,  France,  Eng- 
land, and  elsewhere ;  came  to  this  coun- 
try 1858 ;  made  her  first  appearance  in 
New  York,  where  she  was  much  es- 
teemed as  a  singer  and  actress. 

Pierce,  Fargo  J.,  published  ^^ An- 
cient Harmony  Revived,''  at  Hallo  well, 
Me.,  1847;  a  book  of  262  pages;  he  en- 
larged the  work  in  1855,  at  Boston, 
Mass.,  to  280  pages. 

Pierre,  an  opera,  by  Joseph  Duggan, 
Philadelphia,  Peun.,  1853. 

PiERSON,  H.  H.,  born  at  Oxford,  Eng- 
land, 1816;  professor  of  music  in  the 
University  of  Edinburgh ;  author  of  the 
opera  ^'Leila,"  performed  at  Hamburg, 
and  an  oratorio,  ^^ Jerusalem,"  1856;  re- 
ceived a  medal  from  King  Leopold,  the 
first  Englishman  so  honored. 

Pike,  S.  N.,  known  as  the  proprietor 
and  manager  of  an  opera-house,  Cincin- 
nati, O. ;  died  in  New  York,  Dec.  10, 
1872. 

PiLLSBURY,  Dr.  Amos,  of  Charleston, 
S.C.,  published,  1798,  ''The  United  States 
Sacred  Harmony,"  a  compilation  of  the 
most  popular  tunes  of  the  day. 

Pindar,  born  at  Thebes,  in  Bceotia, 
B.C.  520;  received  musical  instructions 
from  his  father,  a  flute-player ;  became 
celebrated  as  a  musician  and  poet;  sang 
much  at  the  temple  of  Apollo  and  at 
Delphos ;  died  at  the  age  of  86. 

Pipe,  a  wind  instrument,  of  which 
there  have  been  many  varieties;  it  is 
distinguished  from  the  flute  by  being 
blown  through  one  end,  instead  of  the 
side. 

Pipe  and  Tabor  Playing  Andro- 
ides, invented  by  Jacques  de  Vaucan- 
son,  1738. 


/t-ii  rVv-^am      /'"t-  i^x^c'l^ue^ 


f^-b     'i-J-    f/yi^.       •^-^'T-tTTA^       C-Uj 


118 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFOEMATION. 


Pitch.  The  pitch  A  has  risen  a  full 
tone  since  1799,  and  the  French  author- 
ities have  ordered  it  lowered;  the  old 
tuning-fork,  or  A  at  870  vibrations  and 
C  at  522  per  second,  is  the  standard. 

PiTCH-PiPE,  an  instrument  used  to 
ascertain  the  pitch  or  key  in  which  to 
sing;  the  one  first  used  in  New  England 
was  a  little  box  six  inclies  long,  four 
wide,  and  one  thick,  furnished  with  a 
mouthpiece  and  slide,  on  which  the 
letters  of  the  octave  were  registered. 

PiTTMAN,  JosiAH,  of  Loudou,  Eng- 
land, a  writer  on  music;  published  a 
collection  of  vocal  music  for  the  church, 
1858. 

PiscHEK,  a  celebrated  bass-singer  at 
the  Frankfort  Opera,  sung  in  London, 
1846,  at  ninety  musical  entertainments 
in  one  season. 

Pixis,  Theodore,  a  professor  in  the 
Rhenish  music-school,  a  violin  virtuoso 
of  the  first  rank;  died  Aug.  1,  1856. 

Plaidy,  born  in  Germany;  teacher 
of  the  piano-forte  at  the  Leipsic  Con- 
servatory, 1843;  author  of  '' TecJmical 
Studies.' ' 

Plain  Song,  or  the  old  ecclesiastical 
chant,  justly  claims  the  admiration  of 
all  people  as  fitted  alike  for  all  ages.  But 
modern  harmony  has  made  of  these  old 
songs  something  better ;  and  it  would  be 
as  absurd  to  refuse  to  use  the  modern 
improvements  as  it  would  be  to  refuse 
to  use  the  telegraph,  gas,  or  railway, 
because  they  were  not  used  by  our 
fathers. 

Plantade,  Charles  M.,  a  celebrated 
composer  and  performer;  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  conservatoire  concerts, 
and  of  the  society  of  authors,  composers, 
and  editors  of  music  in  France ;  died  in 
May,  1870,  aged  84. 

Playford,  Henry,  published,  1700, 
an  original  book  of  Scotch  tunes ;  was 
the  second  son  of  John,  and  a  composer 
of  merit. 

Playford,  John,  born  1613 ;  was  a 
music-seller  in  London;  was  the  pub- 
lisher of  a  great  number  of  musical 
works  between  1665  and  1685 ;  was  the 
first  printer  of  music  in  London ;  he 
and  his  son,  for  fifty  years,  supplied  all 
the  nation  with  music  books,  instru- 
ments, &c. ;  his  '^Introduction  to  the 
Skill  of  Music,''  and  his  ''Whole  Book 
of  Psalms,"  had  great  sales;  died  169.3. 

Platt,  Robert,  an  eminent  teacher, 
published  his  "System  of  Vocal  Music," 
in  London,  England,  1847. 


Plays.  During  the  age  of  trou- 
badours in  the  18th  century,  a  kind 
of  drama  of  secular  origin  was  the 
fashion.  It  was  a  simple,  unpretending 
play,  something  like  the  modern  vaude- 
ville, a  mixture  of  dialogue  and  songs. 
Adam  de  la  Halle  was  the  author  of 
several  of  these  little  plays,  one  of  which 
was  "Robin  and  Marion." 

Pleyel,  Ignaz,  born  near  Vienna, 
1757;  was  appointed  chapel-master, 
1777 ;  became  a  composer,  visited  Italy, 
and  in  1783  was  chapel-master  at  Stras- 
burg,  where  he  composed  much  church- 
music,  and  his  best  violin  and  piano- 
forte music;  in  1791  commenced  his 
concerts  in  London ;  removed  to  Paris 
1795,  established  a  music-store  and 
piano-forte  manufactory ;  he  published 
a  multitude  of  works,  and  died  Nov.  14, 
1831,  aged  74. 

Plimpton,  inventor  of  the  "Apol- 
Hno,"  was  a  native  of  Massachusetts, 
and  first  exhibited  his  musical  machine 
1820;  it  combines  the  organ,  orchestra, 
and  military  band. 

Plimptonia  and  Plimptonichord, 
names  given  to  instruments  made  by 
Mr.  Plimpton,  similar  to  his  Apollino. 

Pneumatic-Electric  Organ,  an  or- 
gan to  which  electricity  has  been  applied 
to  form  a  connection  between  the  keys 
and  the  valves,  permitting  the  air  to 
pass  to  the  pipes. 

Poheman,  David,  of  Lafayette,  Ind., 
remarkable  as  a  pianist ;  executes  very 
difficult  music,  though  he  cannot  read  a 
bar  of  simple  music. 

PoLiPHANT,  an  instrument  similar  to 
a  violin,  used  by  Queen  Elizabeth. 

Polka,  a  Bohemian  dance,  first 
known  in  England  1830,  and  in  Vienna 
1839.  It  means  half-step,  and  in  thia 
country  is  similar  to  the  schottisch. 

Polyplectrum,  an  instrument  fox 
striking  the  lyre ;  also  an  ancient  spinet. 

Pommers,  the  family  of  oboes,  of 
which  there  has  been  a  variety. 

PoMPLiTZ,  August,  a  well-known  or- 
gan-builder of  Baltimore,  Md,,  died  Feb. 
3,  1874;  was  of  high  degree  in  the  An- 
cient Scottish  Rite. 

PoNiATOwsKi,  Prince  Joseph,  was 
born  in  Rome  in  1816,  and  was  the  son 
of  Stanislas  Poniatowski.  The  father, 
who  resided  at  Rome,  and  afterwards  at 
Florence,  was  a  great  patron  of  the  fine 
arts.  The  young  Joseph  Poniatowski 
was  naturalized  in  Tuscany,  and  in  1848 
was  made  a  prince  of  Monte-Rotondo  by 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION, 


119 


the  Grand  Duke  Leopold  II.  He  was 
twice  elected  a  member  of  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies  of  Florence,  and  subse- 
quently made  minister  plenipotentiary 
at  Paris,  London,  and  Brussels.  He 
fixed  his  permanent  residence  at  Paris 
in  August,  1854.  In  the  same  year  by 
an  imperial  decree  he  became  a  natural- 
ized Frenchman,  and  shortly  after  was 
elevated  to  the  dignity  of  senator. 
Among  the  numerous  operas  which  he 
composed,  are  the  following:  ''Jean  de 
Proc^da,^'  ''Buy  Blas,^^  '''■La  Fiancee 
d^Abydos,^^  '^ Esmeralda,^ ^  ''Don  Deside- 
rio,^^  "La  Comtesdma,^^  and  "Pierre  de 
Medicis.^^  He  died  in  Paris,  July, 
1873. 

PoNTE,  Adam  De.  A  composer  of 
the  sixteenth  century;  his  motets  and 
other  works  were  published  at  Venice, 
1586. 

PoNTio,  PiETRO,  composer  and  prac- 
tical musician ;  published  a  musical 
work,  giving  rules  for  learning  to  read 
music  and  to  teach  harmony,  also  giving 
directions  for  composing. 

Pool,  David,  in  connection  with 
Josiah  Holbrook,  Abington,  Mass.,  pub- 
lished, 1813,  at  Providence,  R.L,  "The 
American  and  European  Ilarmony,^^  a 
work  much  used,  and  known  as  "  The 
Abington  Collection.^'  Mr.  Holbrook 
was  a  native  of  Abington,  and  a  teacher 
of  music  there,  where  he  died;  and 
Mr.  Pool  was  a  resident  of  the  same 
town. 

Pool,  Jabez,  in  1854  published  at 
Leeds,  "The  Pmlter,  with  Chants." 

Poole,  Henry  Ward,  born  at  Salem, 
Mass.,  1825;  published,  1850,  an  "Essay 
on  Perfect  Intonation,''  connected  with 
an  account  of  the  "Enharmonic  Organ,'' 
invented  by  Alley  and  Poole  1848. 

Pope  John  XXII.  inveighed  strong- 
ly against  the  musical  innovations  in- 
troduced in  his  time  (the  14tli  century), 
and  prohibited  the  use  of  counterpart, 
or  music  in  parts,  except  on  high  festi- 
vals of  the  church ;  and  even  then  he 
directed  that  the  same  syllables  should 
be  uttered  at  the  same  time  by  all  the 
singers  of  the  different  parts. 

Popular  Airs,  of  different  countries, 
were  harmonized  and  introduced  into 
the  compositions  of  the  old  writers  about 
1650 ;  and  after  that  time  the  progress  of 
music  was  rapid. 

PoRPORA,  NicoLO,  bom  at  Naples, 
1687;  gave  his  first  opera  at  Vienna, 
1717;  in  1773  he  was  engaged  in  London 


to  direct  the  opera,  but  soon  went  to 
Venice ;  was  the  composer  of  fifty  operas 
and  much  sacred  music;  was  distin- 
guished as  a  singing  master ;  retired  late 
in  life  to  Naples,  where  he  died  in 
poverty,  1767,  aged  80. 

Porter,  William  S.,  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  in  1834,  published  "The  Musical 
Cyclopedia,"  or  the  principles  of  music 
considered  as  a  science  and  an  art ;  it 
was  the  first  work  of  that  kind  printed 
in  this  country. 

PoRTEUs,  James,  of  Scotland,  was  a 
composer  of  instrumental  music;  pub- 
lished one  collection  at  Edinburgh. 

PoRTMAN,  Richard,  born  in  Eng- 
land ;  early  went  to  France ;  on  his 
return  was  organist  at  the  Chapel  Royal, 
and  in  1633  of  Westminster  Abbey. 

Portuguese  Hymn,  known  as 
"Oporto"  and  as  "Adeste  Fideles,"  was 
written  by  John  Reading  of  London ;  it 
was  sung  at  the  Portuguese  Embassy 
chapel  in  England,  1785,  and  was  called 
Portuguese  Hymn;  it  has  since  come 
into  general  use,  and  is  the  regular 
Christmas  Hymn  of  the  Catholic 
churches. 

Potter,  Cipriani,  born  in  London, 
1792 ;  became  celebrated  as  a  composer 
at  the  age  of  fourteen  years ;  wrote 
violin  quartets,  symphonies,  and  piano- 
forte sonatas  ;  was  for  many  years  prin- 
cipal of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Music ; 
was  an  eminent  teacher;  retired  from 
office  1859;  and  died  October,  1871, 
leaving  many  works  for  his  own  partic- 
ular instrument,  the  piano-forte. 

Potter,  John,  an  Englishman,  was 
the  author  of  "  Music  and  Musicians," 
published  in  London,  1763;  also  wrote 
a  serenato,  1765,  and  "The  Choice  of 
Apollo." 

PouLTON,  George  R.,  born  in  Lan- 
singburg,  N.Y.,  1828  ;  a  composer, 
vocalist,  and  perfomier  upon  the  organ, 
piano-forte,  and  violin ;  became  cele- 
brated as  a  teacher  at  Fort  Edward  In- 
stitute, 1857,  and  was  well  known  by 
giving  concerts  with  his  sister  Mary 
Anna  Poulton. 

Powell,  Thomas,  bom  in  London, 
1776 ;  early  became  a  member  of  the 
Royal  Society  of  Musicians  ;  was  a  com- 
poser, violoncellist,  and  performer  on 
the  piano-forte,  harp,  and  violin;  went 
to  Dublin,  married,  and  became  a  music- 
teacher  there,  and  composed  much 
music ;  afterwards  resided  in  Edinburgli, 
where  he  met  with  great  success,  and 


,  CA^^r^^i^'*-^ 


/^(i^iyi-^ 


"''-1 


'  f^o 


l_y^L~,  I    <3  L/vj    u->,^i^-^    I 


120 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


composed  largely  every  variety  of  popu- 
lar music. 

Power,  Thomas,  of  Boston,  Mass., 
musical  editor  of  "  The  Boston  Atlas,^' 
author  of  several  Masonic  odes;  died  at 
Framingham,  Sept.  9,  1868,  aged  82. 

Pkadher,  Loins  B,,  born  in  Paris, 
1781 ;  professor  of  the  piano-forte  at  the 
conservatory ;  he  formed  many  excellent 
pupils,  and  published  a  considerable 
number  of  musical  works  ;  such  as  thir- 
teen collections  of  romances,  many 
piano-forte  works,  and  vocal  rondos. 

Prangley,  of  London,  was  the  in- 
ventor of  ''The  Trito-Dactylo-Gymnast,'' 
an  instrument  designed  to  render  the 
third  finger  equal  in  power  and  pliancy 
to  the  others  in  learning  the  piano- 
forte. 

Pratt,  Henry,  of  Winchester,  N.H., 
during  his  life  built  fifty  organs,  doing 
most  of  the  work  with  his  own  hands  ; 
he  was  self-taught ;  a  good  mechanic  and 
musician  ;  died  August,  1841,  aged  70. 

Pratt,  Marshall,  organist,  musi- 
cian, and  builder  of  organs.  New  Or- 
leans, La.,  son  of  Henry,  was  born  in 
Winchester,  N.H.  ;  died  at  New  Orleans, 
August,  1829. 

Pratt,  S.  G.,  of  Chicago,  111.,  has 
composed  several  symphonies,  and  other 
orchestral  works  produced  1874. 

Prescott,  Abraham,  born  in  Deer- 
field,  N.H.,  July,  1790;  in  1810  com- 
menced to  make  violoncellos,  and  suc- 
ceeded ;  was  for  many  years  celebrated 
for  his  instruments,  and  as  a  maker  of 
double-basses ;  moved  to  Concord,  N.H., 
and  there  founded  the  house  of  Pres- 
cott Brothers,  knov/n  as  manufacturers 
of  melodeons  and  organs ;  died  May  1, 
1858,  aged  68. 

Prevost,  Eugene,  leader  of  the 
orchestra  at  Niblo's  Garden,  New  York, 
1842  ;  was  a  composer  of  merit ;  pub- 
lished a  ''Musical  Albwn,^^  "  Cossirno,'' 
and  some  sacred  music ;  received  from 
the  Queen  of  Spain  the  cross  of  the 
Order  of  Charles  III. ;  afterwards  be- 
came known  as  the  author  of  some 
French  operas ;  died  1872. 

Prevost,  H.,  of  London,  invented 
musical  stenography,  1849, 

Prieds,  Mme.  Julia,  a  famous 
Spanish  singer,  widow  of  the  tenor 
Caponi;  died  at  Paris,  1872,  aged  52. 

Prince,  George  A.,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
made  some  important  improvements  in 
melodeons,  for  which  he  took  a  patent, 
1846;  employed  at  that  time  one  hun- 


dred and  fifty  men,  and  finished  seventy- 
five  instruments  a  week. 

Pringle,  John,  of  Edinburgh,  Scot- 
land, was  a  composer  of  dance  and  other 
music;  one  of  his  collections  is  dedi- 
cated to  Hon.  Miss  Elliott. 

Printing.  This  invention  hastened 
the  downfall  of  minstrelsy,  not  merely 
because  of  the  greater  diffusion  of 
knowledge,  and  the  more  scientific  cul- 
tivation of  music,  but  because  of  the 
printing  of  the  songs  and  ballads,  which 
were  sold  for  a  penny. 

Printz,  Wolfgang  Caspar,  born 
at  Waldthurn,  1641 ;  travelled  through 
Silesia,  Moravia,  and  Austria;  settled  at 
Sorau,  Upper  Saxony,  as  choir-master; 
was  a  violinist,  organist,  and  composer ; 
wrote  numerous  works,  musical  and 
historical ;  died  at  Sorau,  1717. 

Professor  of  Music  was  originally 
applied  to  learned  musicians  who  held 
high  positions  in  the  universities;  lat- 
terly has  little  significance. 

Prouty,  E.  K.,  born  in  Charlestown, 
N.H.,  1801;  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in 
sacred  music  in  Northern  New  Hamp- 
shire and  Vermont;  some  of  his  com- 
positions were  published,  1830;  died  at 
Newbury,  Yt,,  Sept.  26,  1869. 

Provenqal  Music.  The  central 
object  of  Proven9al  poetry  and  music 
was  devotion  to  women.  The  oldest 
known  Provencal  melodies  are  by 
Chatelain  de  Coucy,  a  troubadour  of 
the  twelfth  century;  Thibaut,  King  of 
Navarre  (1201-54);  Gaucelm  Faidit,"and 
Adam  de  la  Halle. 

Prudent,  Emile,  born  at  Angou- 
leme,  Feb.  3,  1817;  took  the  second 
prize  at  the  Paris  Conservatory  as 
pianist,  and  in  harmony,  1833;  settled 
at  Nantes  as  a  composer  and  teacher; 
gave  concerts  in  France,  Germany, 
Italy,  Spain,  Portugal,  and  England; 
died  in  Paris,  April,  1863. 

Psalm-Book  Music.  Previous  to 
1690,  much  of  it  was  written  with  a 
pen,  and  bound  in  with  the  Psalms  for 
the  purpose  of  singing ;  and  in  some  of 
the  old  music-books  lea  ves  ruled  for  the 
purpose  were  bound  in  the  books,  for 
the  new  music  that  appeared  from  time 
to  time. 

Psalmody.  See  list  of  books  at  end 
of  volume. 

Psalm-Singing  by  Christians  dates 
from  the  last  supper  of  Christ  and 
his  disciples.  Psalmody  was  used  by 
Martin  Luther,  in  public  service,  1517, 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


121 


and  was  made  a  college  study  by  the 
Puritans. 

Psalm-Tune  Dancing.  In  the  time 
of  Charles  IX.,  in  dancing,  the  feet 
were  seldom  lifted  from  the  ground, 
and  psalm-tunes  were  danced;  the 
king's  favorite  dance  was  the  melody 
of  the  129th  Psalm. 

Psaltery,  a  stringed  instrument 
much  used  by  the  Hebrews. 

PsALTERioN,  like  the  psaltery,  and 
having  thirteen  wire  strings. 

PuENTE,  Giuseppe  del,  barytone, 
who  has  obtained  reputation;  born  at 
Naples,  1843,  of  Spanish  parents;  first 
appeared  in  Russia;  came  to  this  coun- 
try, 1844. 

PuGNANi,  Gaetano,  viollnist ;  born 
at  Turin,  1727;  in  1754  went  to  Paris 
and  other  capitals  of  Europe,  and  in 
England  produced  some  of  his  best 
violin-music;  he  became  celebrated  as 
a  composer,  and  director  of  orchestras  ; 
published  a  great  variety  of  music,  and 
died  at  Turin,  1798. 

PuGNi,  C^SAR,  composer  of  ballet 
music  at  the  Imperial  Theatre,  St. 
Petersburg;    died  November,  1871. 

PULLEN,  H.  W.,  of  London,  England, 
published  some  valuable  papers  on  the 
'^  State  of  Music  in  Englandy"  and  the 
''Choraf Servicer  1865. 

Punching  Characters  upon  pewter 
plates  caused  a  considerable  advance  in 
the  production  of  musical  works. 

PURCELL,  Henry,  born  in  London, 
1658;  at  the  age  of  eighteen  was  ap- 
pointed organist  of  Westminster  Abbey ; 
in  1682  he  became  organist  of  the  Chapel 
Royal,  and  was  famous  as  a  composer 
for  the  stage,  the  chamber,  and  the 
church ;  comparatively  few  of  his  com- 
positions were  published  until  after  his 
death ;  few  musicians  wrote  more,  and 
few  as  well ;  died  Nov.  21, 1695,  aged  37. 

PuRCHAS,  A.  G.,  a  teacher  of  music, 
London,  England,  published,  1849, 
"  First  Lessons  for  Siwjing-Classes.^^ 

PuRDAY,  Charles  H.,  published  a 
collection  of  hymns,  entitled  "  Sacred 
Musical  Offering ;^^  much  of  the  music 
was  arranged  from  Beethoven. 

PuRKis,  John,  born  in  London,  1781 ; 
was  blind  from  birth ;  at  three  years  of 
age  he  could  sing,  and  at  nine  was  an 
organist ;  could  play  any  thing  that  he 


heard  once;  at  twelve  years  of  age  he 
commenced  to  compose,  and  had  learned 
the  use  of  several  instruments ;  at  the 
age  of  thirty  years  his  sight  was  par- 
tially restored,  and  he  went  to  London, 
and  gave  concerts  there ;  settled  in  Lon- 
don, he  became  the  performer  upon  the 
ApoUonicon  in  that  city. 

Pusiiee,  Abraham,  of  Lebanon, 
N.H.,  a  celebrated  violinist,  and  teacher 
of  dancing;  was  not  a  composer,  but 
arranged  much  music  for  quadrille  and 
other  bands ;  no  man  in  the  State  was 
more  extensively  known;  died  March 
19,  1868,  aged  76. 

PuTiNi,  Bartolomeo,  an  excellent 
singer  about  the  year  1755,  performed, 
during  several  years,  at  the  opera  at 
Dresden,  and  afterwards  at  St.  Peters- 
burg, 

Puzzi,  a  celebrated  performer  on  the 
French  horn,  resided  in  England  in  the 
early  part  of  this  century. 

Pyne,  Louisa,  born  in  England, 
1834 ;  with  a  younger  sister  commenced 
singing  in  London,  where  they  obtained 
considerable  reputation  before  joining 
the  "Pyne  and  Harrison  Troupe ; "  in 
1847  appeared  in  Paris ;  after  this  at 
the  Princess's,  Hay  market,  Drury  Lane, 
and  at  the  Royal  Italian  Opera,  London ; 
came  to  America  1854;  returned  1857, 
and  again  appeared  on  the  London 
stage;  and  later,  with  Mr.  Harrison, 
managed  the  Lyceum  Theatre ;  while  in 
this  country  she  gave  free  concerts 
to  many  of  our  schools,  and  at  the 
asylums  of  New  York. 

Pyne,  Susan,  came  to  this  country 
with  the  Pyne  and  Harrison  English 
Opera  Troupe,  October,  1854,  and  con- 
tinued to  sing  in  that  company  until 
1857. 

Pyrene,  a  famous  singer,  B.  C.  709; 
was  the  daughter  of  Teiresias,  and  was 
considered  superior  to  any  vocalist  that 
had  ever  appeared  in  public. 

Pyrophone,  an  instrument  consist- 
ing of  glass  tubes,  which  are  made  to 
sound  by  the  action  of  a  jet  of  gas ;  it 
was  invented  by  M.  F.  Kastner,  1873. 

Pythocritus,  a  flute-player;  won 
the  prize  six  times  as  a  solo-player  at 
Delphos ;  was  one  of  the  first  composers 
of  love-songs;  was  engaged  to  sing  at 
Lacedsemon. 


122 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Q. 


Q,  sometimes  used  as  an  abbreviation 
of  "quick;"  as,  Q.  T.,  quick  time. 

QuADKio,  F.  X.,  an  Italian  Jesuit, 
autlior  of  a  valuable  work  on  music, 
1756. 

QuAGLiATi,  P.,  a  celebrated  contra- 
puntist of  Rome,  1695. 

Quakers.  This  community  has  been 
opposed  to  the  introduction  of  music 
into  its  families;  and  in  1855  the  yearly 
meeting  in  New  York  decided  to  ex- 
elude  piano-fortes,  and  those  using 
them,  from  the  society;  but  since 
then  B.  B.  Davis  of  Concord,  N.H., 
has  introduced  vocal  music  among  the 
Friends  at  Canterbury. 

QUANTZ,    or    QUANZ,    JOHANN    JOA- 

CHiM,  born  near  Hanover,  1697;  cele- 
brated as  a  flutist,  and  composer  for 
that  instrument;  went  from  Germany 
to  Rome,  1724,  and  thence  to  Prussia, 
and  remained  in  service  at  that  court 
until  his  death ;  died  at  Potsdam,  1773, 
leaving  a  great  variety  of  unpublished 
compositions ;  composed  three  hundred 
concertos  for  Frederick  the  Great,  one 
of  which  was  performed  every  night. 

QuEEJs^  Charlotte  of  England  sup- 
ported a  famous  band  of  music,  of 
which  C.  F.  Abel  was  leader,  1761. 

Queen  Elizabeth  founded  a  school 
of  counterpoint  when  she  ascended  the 
throne ;  was  musically  educated ;  was  a 
singer  and  lutanist. 

Queex  Mary,  in  1549,  caused  Eng- 
lish words  to  be  used  in  singing  and 
chanting,  instead  of  the  Latin;  was  a 
performer  on  the  virginal  and  the  lute. 

Queex  of  Navarre,  the  celebrated 
Marguerite  de  Valois,  composed  mys- 
teries and  moralities,  which  were  repre- 
sented by  the  ladies  of  her  court ;  pub- 
lished 1.547. 

QuERCu,  or  Yan  Der  Eycken,  Sy- 
MONA,  born  at  Brussels,  flourished  in 


the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
as  a  singer,  at  Milan;  author  of  *'  Opus- 
culum  3fusices,'"  1508. 

Quesna,  or  QuESDNA,  Francesco, 
an  Italian  composer  towards  the  close 
of  the  seventeenth  century.  In  1692  he 
brought  out,  at  Venice,  the  opera  of 
''La  Gelidauray 

QuESNEL,  Joseph,  born  in  France, 
1750;  came  to  Canada  1788;  wrote 
musical  operettas  and  popular  French 
musical  compositions  at  Quebec  and 
Montreal,  at  which  place  he  died,  1809. 

QuiDOR,  George  W.,  published,  in 
New  York,  1847,  "  The  American  Musi- 
cal Monthly  ;^^  it  was  a  valuable  pub- 
lication, designed  to  encourage  native 
musical  talent. 

QuiGG,  James,  became  known  as  a 
minstrel,  under  the  name  of  Hughes; 
died  in  New  York,  Nov.  11,  1871. 

QuiNAULT,  Philip,  born  at  Paris, 
1636;  he  was  associated  with  Lulli  in 
the  composition  of  operas,  for  many 
years.  Quinault  was  celebrated  for  his 
beautiful  lyric  poetry,  and  the  gentle- 
ness with  which  he  opposed  the  unjust 
satires  of  Boileau.  It  was  long  believed 
that  Quinault  entirely  owed  his  success 
to  Lulli ;  but  time  appreciates  all  things, 
and  it  is  now  known  that  his  poetry  was 
greatly  superior  to  the  music  of  Lulli ; 
he  died  Nov.  29,  1688. 

QuiRSFELD,  Johann,  was  born  at 
Dresden,  in  1642;  published  at  Perna, 
in  1675,  ''Breviarium  Miisicuin ;"  also 
wrote  some  other  works  on  music. 

QuiTSCHREiBER,  Georg,  a  musical 
author  and  composer,  was  born  at 
Cranichfeld  in  1569 ;  died  in  1638.  He 
published  several  musical  works. 

QuoiNTE,  an  ecclesiastic  and  esteemed 
church  composer,  flourished  about  the 
year  1720,  and  published  many  sacred 
musical  works  at  Amsterdam. 


E. 


R,  or  R.  H.,  the  right  hand  in  piano- 
forte music. 

Rabitp,  a  peculiar  kind  of  fiddle  used 
in  Batavia,  by  the  Bayaderes. 

Rachel,   Mlle.,    born    of    Hebrew 


Jewish  parents,  at  the  Swiss  village  of 
Munf ,  March  24, 1820 ;  attained  a  repu- 
tation as  an  actress  rarely  gained  upon 
the  modern  stage ;  with  her  sister  Sarah, 
in  1833,  was  a  singer  at  the  caf^s  on  the 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


123 


boulevards,  Paris ;  came  to  this  country, 
1855;  died  at  Caunet,  near  Toulon,  Jan- 
uary, 1858,  aged  38. 

Rackett,  an  instrument  related  to 
the  bassoon ;  Prsetorius  says  had  hardly 
any  more  tone  than  "one  can  get  in 
playing  on  a  comb." 

R  AD  AM  A,  King  of  Madagascar,  was  a 
musical  amateur,  and,  to  secure  a  good 
band  of  music  for  his  own  kingdom, 
sent  twelve  boys  to  France,  and  had 
them  educated  under  a  band-master 
there. 

Radeche,  Robert,  born  in  Silesia, 
1828;  was,  in  1852,  leader  of  the  or- 
chestra at  the  Leipsic  Theatre,  and 
afterwards,  at  Berlin,  became  an  or- 
chestral performer,  and  a  composer. 

Radeker,  IIeinkich,  organist  at 
Haarlem,  published  some  harpsichord 
music  at  Amsterdam. 

Raff,  Anton,  a  celebrated  German 
singer,  born  near  Bonn,  1714;  did  not 
sing  in  public  until  1738,  when  he  was 
engaged  as  tenor  at  the  principal 
theatres  in  Italy,  and  later  in  Spain; 
finally  settled  at  Munich,  where  he 
opened  a  school  in  1779;  died  there, 
1797. 

Raff,  Joachim,  born  at  Lachen, 
1822;  in  1843  published  a  great  variety 
of  piano-forte  music;  has  resided  at 
various  towns  on  the  Rhine,  teaching, 
and  writing  for  the  musical  journals ; 
when  at  Weimar,  wrote  ^ ^ King  Alfred,^ ^ 
an  opera;  published  many  works  at 
Wiesbaden,  for  orchestra,  voices,  and 
chamber ;  in  1866  went  to  Vienna. 

Raimondi,  Pietro,  born  at  Rome, 
1787;  became  chapel-master  at  the 
Vatican;  devoted  most  of  his  life  and 
energy  to  grave  and  intricate  tasks; 
was  the  composer  of  many  operas ;  his 
triple  oratorio,  executed  at  Rome,  Aug. 
1852,  was  among  his  best  works;  died 
Oct.  30,  1853,  aged  GQ. 

Raisin,  Jean  Baptiste,  a  native  of 
Troyes,  and  an  organist,  invented  a 
curious  spinet,  went  to  Paris  with  his 
family,  and  exhibited  his  wonder,  so 
contrived  as  to  conceal  inside  a  son  of 
Baptiste,  who  there  played  unseen  upon 
a  set  of  keys  connected  with  those  in 
sight,  and  giving  the  appearance  of  a 
spinet,  performing  of  its  own  accord 
any  piece  it  was  commanded  to  play. 

R ALSTON,  Samuel,  born  in  Donegal 
County,  Ireland,  1756;  came  to  this 
country  in  1794,  and  settled  in  Pennsyl- 
vania;   among    other  works,   wrote    a 


"  Defence  of  Evangelical  Psalmody ^^^ 
1844;  died  1851. 

Rameau,  Jean  Philippe,  born  at 
Dijon,  Sept.  25, 1683 ;  became  celebrated 
as  a  composer,  and  as  the  author  of 
many  theoretical  works  on  music ;  died 
at  Paris,  1764,  aged  81. 

Ramsay,  Edward  B.,  born  at  Bal- 
main,  Scotland,  1793;  wrote  lectures  on 
the  character  of  Handel,  and  proposals 
for  providing  a  '*peal  of  bells"  for 
Edinburgh,  1863. 

Rangoni,  J.  B.,  published  at  Leghorn, 
1790,  an  '^  Essaij  on  Musical  Taste.'^ 

R ANNIE,  John,  author  of  "  Musical 
Dramas,^ ^  published  in  London,  Eng- 
land, 1789. 

Rauscher,  one  of  the  best  tenor- 
singers  of  Germany,  died  at  Stuttgart, 
Dec.  16,  1866,  aged  66. 

Rauzzini,  Venanzio,  born  at  Rome, 
1747;  was  an  opera-singer  in  Vienna; 
went  to  London  1774,  and  was  then  the 
best  pianist  known ;  settled  at  Bath  as 
a  conductor  of  concerts ;  was  the  com- 
poser of  several  operas  and  much  other 
music ;  died  1810,  aged  62. 

Ravanastron,  invented  by  Ravana, 
King  of  Ceylon,  B.  C,  and  claimed  as 
the  first  bow-instrument;  it  is  also 
claimed  that  India  made  bowed  instru- 
ments known  in  Asia  and  in  Europe. 

Ravenscroft,  Thomas,  born  1592; 
a  chorister,  and  became  bachelor  of 
music  at  Cambridge,  England,  and  in 
1609  edited  a  collection  of  rounds, 
catches,  &c. ;  in  1611  wrote  '■^  Melis- 
mata,''^  and  some  songs;  chiefly  known 
in  this  country  by  his  '■'■Whole  Booke  of 
Psalms,^'  1621;  composed  much  music, 
and  the  popular  glee,  "  We  be  Three  Poor 
Mariners.'" 

Read,  Daniel,  of  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  composer  and  teacher  of  music; 
1806,  published  the  ''Litchfield  Collec- 
tion" of  church  music,  112  pages;  it 
contained  a  large  number  of  Read's 
compositions,  with  the  dates  when 
written;  had  previously,  1793,  pub- 
ished  "Columbian  Harmony;"  some 
of  his  tunes  have  continued  in  use  to 
the  present  time. 

Rebec,  an  instrument  with  two 
strings,  played  on  with  a  bow. 

Rebecca,  a  fiddle  with  three  strings, 
formerly  used  in  Italy. 

Reber,  M.,  established  his  fame  as  a 
composer,  by  his  symphonies,  and  be- 
came a  member  of  the  French  Academy 
1853. 


124 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOK. 


Recorder,  an  old  wind-instrument 
resembling  the  flute. 

Recitative  and  Air.  The  honor 
of  inventing  the  modern  recitative  be- 
longs to  Jacopo  Peri,  a  Florentine,  who 
composed  the  text  to  a  drama  entitled 
*'  Bafne,''^  performed  1594. 

Reed,  Ephraim,  a  native  and  resi- 
dent of  Taunton,  Mass.,  prepared  for 
publication  ^^  North  American  Collection 
of  Church  3Iusick,'^  a  book  of  200  pages, 
1811.  The  manuscript  of  this  work  is 
in  the  possession  of  Moses  E.  Cheney, 
Barnard,  Vt.,  1874;  in  it  are  quite  a 
number  of  compositions  by  the  author ; 
he  published  ^^  Musical  Monitor,''^ 
Ithaca,  KY.,  1827,  256  pages. 

Reeds,  for  instruments,  were  pat- 
ented in  1818,  by  A.  M.  Peaslee ;  reeds 
were  improved  by  Carhart,  who  em- 
ployed an  exhaust  bellows ;  E.  Hamlin 
improved  the  reed  in  shape  and  in 
voicing:  they  are  now  made  by  machin- 
ery, and  afterwards  finished  by  hand. 

Reeve,  Cotton,  born  at  Norwich, 
England,  became  celebrated  as  a  violin- 
ist and  leader  of  orchestra  in  London; 
was  also  a  composer. 

Reeve,  John,  was  for  fifty  years 
celebrated  in  England  as  a  musician 
and  composer  of  simple  and  plaintive 
melodies. 

Reeve,  William,  born  in  London, 
1757 ;  organist  and  composer ;  his  pieces 
for  the  theatre  are  very  numerous ;  but 
his  chief  forte  was  in  the  composition 
of  comic  songs. 

Reeves,  Daniel  M.,  London,  Eng- 
land, wrote  a  valuable  treatise  on  the 
*'  Science  of  Music,''''  1853. 

Reeves,  J.  Sims,  born  in  Woolwich, 
England,  1821 ;  was  a  performer  upon  a 
variety  of  instruments,  but  became 
famous  as  an  oratoiio  and  ballad 
singer;  created,  in  his  own  country, 
the  greatest  sensation  of  any  tenor  since 
Braham;  made  his  first  appearance  at 
the  Newcastle  Theatre,  1838;  is  yet 
without  a  rival  in  England. 

Reeves,  W.  H.,  who  came  to  this 
country,  1848,  with  the  Madame  Bishop 
Troupe,  and  sang  in  New  York  and 
Boston,  was  a  brother  of  J.  S.  Reeves ; 
died  in  New  York,  April  17,  1857. 

Regal,  a  kind  of  portable  organ,  but 
different  from  the  barrel-organ. 

Regnault,  Charles,  of  New  York, 
1859,  published  a  "iVeiy  Theory  of 
Music, ''^  advocating  the  expression  of 
musical  intervals  by  numerals. 


Reich,  M.,  member  of  the  Grand 
Ducal  Chapel  of  Weimar,  was  particu- 
larly celebrated  as  a  music-master; 
Weber  was  one  of  his  pupils;  died 
1835,  aged  70. 

Reicha,  Anton,  born  at  Prague, 
1770;  became  celebrated  as  a  composer, 
1799;  resided  much  at  Vienna,  but 
went  to  Paris  1808;  his  compositions 
were  for  instruments  mostly,  and  were 
the  admiration  of  the  world ;  died  May 
28,  1836. 

Reichardt,  J.  F.,  chapel-master  to 
three  kings  of  Prussia;  was  manager 
of  theatres  and  conductor  of  orchestras 
also;  travelled  through  Europe  as  a 
violinist;  became  celebrated  as  a  com- 
poser of  operas,  and  works  on  music ; 
was  connected  with  many  learned 
societies;  and  died  1814,  leaving  a 
great  list  of  musical  compositions. 

Reichel,  J.,  attached  to  the  opera  at 
Darmstadt,  was  one  of  the  first  bass- 
singers  of  Italy  and  Cermany;  was  a 
Hungarian;  died  June  30,  1856,  aged 
55. 

Reichmeister,  J.  C,  published,  1828, 
some  very  excellent  papers  concerning 
the  organ. 

Reid,  James,  author  of  many  popular 
songs ;  died  in  Scotland,  1872,  aged  73. 

Reinagle,  Joseph,  born  at  Ports- 
mouth, England,  1762 ;  was  a  composer, 
and  performer  on  the  French  horn  and 
trumpet,  but  became  more  celebrated 
as  a  violoncellist,  but  finally  became  a 
violinist;  resided  two  years  in  Dublin, 
and  then  settled  as  violoncellist  in  Lon- 
don. 

Reid,  Gen.  John,  born  in  Perthshire, 
Feb,  13,  1721 ;  removed  to  London,  be- 
came a  general,  composed  some  music ; 
endowed  a  professorship  of  music  in 
the  Edinburgh  University,  and  directed 
in  his  will,  that,  on  the  13th  of  February 
annually,  there  should  be  "  a  concert  by 
a  full  military  band,  which  shall  per- 
form some  pieces  of  my  music;"  died 
in  London,  Feb.  0,  1807,  aged  87. 

Reinecke,  Carl,  born  in  Altona, 
June  23,  1824 ;  an  excellent  musician ; 
gave  concerts  at  the  age  of  eleven  years ; 
visited  the  chief  towns  of  Germany, 
and  held  various  appointments  at  Co- 
logne and  Breslau ;  was  director  of  the 
conservatory  at  Leipsic,  where  he  set- 
tled 1870 ;  his  works  are  numerous  in. 
every  branch  of  the  art,  —  secular, 
sacred,  instrumental,  and  vocal. 

Reissiger,  Carl  Gottlieb,  born  at 


A  DICTION-ARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


125 


Betzig,  Jan.  31,  1798;  went  to  Vienna 
1821,  and  became  a  composer;  settled 
in  Berlin  182o,  and  there  wrote  his  best 
compositions ;  died  at  Dresden,  Nov.  7, 
1859,  aged  Gl. 

Keiteb,  Ernst,  a  German  musician 
and  composer;  in  1846  became  leader  of 
a  small  orchestra  and  society  at  Basle, 
which  soon  became  the  best  in  Switzer- 
land; has  composed  much  vocal  and 
instrumental  music. 

Relfe,  J.,  of  London,  England, 
wrote  "  Principles  of  Harmony,  Musical 
Science,  and  Musical  Instruction,^'  1819. 

Relfe,  John,  born  1763;  was  early 
known  as  a  composer ;  professor  at  the 
*'■  Siwi-Akademie ;''  the  organizer  of  a 
conservatory  at  the  Hague,  and  later 
director  of  music  at  Dresden ;  became 
chapel  master  1827,  and  composed 
much  dramatic  and  religious  music. 

Rellstab,  H.  F.  L.,  born  at  Berlin, 
April  13,  1799;  was  a  musician,  poet, 
and  musical  critic,  connected  with  Paris 
papers ;  died  Nov.  28,  1860. 

Rellstab,  J.  C.  F.,  printer,  and  pro- 
prietor of  a  music  warehouse,  Berlin; 
born  in  that  city  1759;  wrote  a  large 
number  of  valuable  musical  works,  and 
composed  a  large  amount  of  vocal  and 
instrumental  music;  died  1813. 

Remack,  Edmund,  born  at  Posen, 
1832;  came  to  this  country  1856,  and 
became  known  as  a  writer  for  the  public 
journals;  settled  in  New  York  1858, 
and  became  editor  of  the  '"'■  Abend 
Zeltung ; "  as  a  linguist  he  had  few 
superiors ;  was  a  cultivated  musician 
and  able  writer ;  died  Sept.  18,  1868. 

Remack,  Edward,  musician,  and 
known  as  a  writer  for  most  of  the  lead- 
ing German  newspapers  of  America; 
died  in  New  York,  Nov.  5, 1868,  aged  36. 

Remenyi,  a  Hungarian  violinist,  who 
performed  for  the  benefit  of  the  soldiers 
of  Gen.  Gorgey,  until  the  army  surren- 
dered to  the  Russians ;  became  a  wan- 
derer, but  appeared  again  in  Paris, 
1852. 

Restoration  of  Music.  With  the 
restoration  of  monarchy,  in  1660,  came 
also  that  of  the  church  and  its  choral 
music;  and  with  Charles  II.  a  new 
style  and  a  nobler  school  arose. 

Retail,  Alphonse,  entered  the  con- 
servatory of  music,  Paris,  1810;  in  1834 
was  tenor-singer  at  the  Opera  Comique ; 
in  1849,  professor  of  singing;  and  in 
1860  was  decorated  with  the  cross  of 
the  Legion  of  Honor ;  died  1871. 


Rey,  Jean  Baptist,  born  at  Lau- 
zerte,  France,  1734 ;  was  self-instructed ; 
became  a  member  of  an  orchestra  at- 
tached to  the  Toulouse  Opera,  and 
famous  as  a  composer;  conducted  the 
opera  orchestra  in  Paris  thirty-five 
years;  died  1810. 

Rey,  brother  of  the  above,  was  vio- 
loncellist at  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Music,  and  assisted  in  the  composition 
of  an  opera;  died  of  delirium,  1811. 

Reynault,  Charles,  of  New  York ; 
author  of  a  new  theory  of  music  which 
expresses  musical  intervals  by  numerals ; 
upper  octaves  by  dots  above  the  figures, 
and  the  reverse  by  dots  below ;  sharps 
and  flats,  by  lines  through  the  figures. 

Rheineck,  Christoph,  composer, 
tenor-singer,  and  pianist;  born  at 
Memmingen,  1748;  produced  his  first 
opera  at  Lyons  ;  became  disgusted  with 
his  profession  at  Paris ;  returned  to  his 
native  town,  and  settled  as  an  innkeeper 
there;  had  composed  much  music; 
died  1796. 

Rhenish  Men  Song  Union.  A  Ger- 
man company  of  male  part-singers  of 
great  excellence,  visited  this  country 
1853 ;  gave  concerts  in  the  large  cities. 

RiiiNEHART,W.  H.,  of  Cincinnati,  O., 
published,  1848,  the  ^^  American  Church 
Harp,'^  containing  both  hymns  and 
tunes ;  long  12mo,  132  pages. 

RiBiBLE,  a  small  viol  having  three 
strings  like  the  rebec. 

Ricci,  or  Rizzio,  David,  a  celebrated 
lutist  and  singer,  born  at  Turin,  1540; 
was  the  favorite  of  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots ;  was  the  composer  of  some  Scot- 
tish songs ;  and  was  killed  by  being 
stabbed  by  the  side  of  the  queen,  March 
9,  1566;  received  fifty-six  wounds. 

Rice,  Phil.,  the  celebrated  American 
banjoist,  was  a  remarkable  performer; 
Thalberg  took  lessons  of  him  ;  he  pub- 
lished some  music  and  a  "  Banjo  In- 
structor;" died  at  Grand  Lake,  Ark., 
Dec.  4,  1847. 

Rice,  T.  D.,  the  originator  of  negro 
musical  and  terpsichorean  delineations 
in  this  country ;  he  won  great  fame  as 
"Ji/n  Crow  Bice,''  and  died  in  New 
York,  1859,  aged  52. 

Richard,  a  Parisian  manufacturer  of 
harpsichords,  1621,  conceived  the  idea 
of  substituting  small  slips  of  cloth  in 
place  of  the  quill,  for  producing  sound, 
and  was  successful. 

Richards,  Brinley,  born  in  South 
Wales,  1821 ;  went  to  reside  in  London, 


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126 


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A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOK. 


and  has  become  celebrated  in  this  coun- 
try and  in  Europe  for  his  many  com- 
positions for  the  piano-forte. 

EiCHAEDSON,  Nathan,  born  at  South 
Reading,  Mass.,  1823,  has  become  fam- 
ous as  the  author  of  '' Richardson^ s  New 
Method''''  for  the  piano-forte;  failing 
health  caused  him  to  reside  in  Paris, 
France,  where  he  died  Nov.  19,  1855, 
aged  32. 

RiCHiNGs,  Caroline,  the  adopted 
daughter  of  Peter  Richings  of  Pennsyl- 
vania ;  celebrated  as  a  prima  donna,  and 
for  organizing  an  English  opera  com- 
pany, 1867,  which  took  high  rank  in  this 
country. 

Rider,  George  T.,  born  in  Coventry, 
R.I.,  1829;  wrote  '■'Plain  Music  ^^  for 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  1854; 
author  of  '^Lyra  Anglicana,-^  and  '■'■Lyra 
Americana,''^  1864. 

RiDDEi.L,  Henry  Scott,  one  of  the 
native  song-writers  of  Scotland,  pub- 
lished 1831,  "  Sonfjs  of  the  Ark  ;"  assid- 
uously cultivated  the  Muse  all  his  life: 
died  1870,  aged  72. 

RiDDELL,  John,  of  Ayr,  composed 
much  music  for  violin,  violoncello,  and 
harpsichord;  was  a  music-teacher,  and 
had  a  small  salary,  1776,  from  some 
gentlemen  of  musical  note. 

RiEGLER,  F.  Xavier,  profcssor  of 
music  at  Presburg  ;  published  three 
practical  works  for  the  harpsichord,  at 
Vienna,  1779  ;  was  one  of  the  best 
pianists  of  his  time,  and  a  composer  of 
sonatas. 

Riego,  Amalia,  born  in  Stockholm, 
was  a  street-singer;  attracting  the  at- 
tention of  the  Princess  Eugenie,  was 
educated,  and  1870  became  celebrated 
as  a  singer  at  Stockholm. 

Riel,  J.  F.  H.,  born  at  Potsdam, 
1775  ;  famous  as  a  music-teacher  at 
Konigsberg;  a  pupil  of  Fasch. 

RiEM,  W.  F.,  composer  and  organist 
at  Leipsic;  published  a  large  number 
of  important  works,  quartets,  quin- 
tets, &c. 

RiEPEL,  Joseph,  director,  violinist, 
and  composer;  was  the  first  German 
writer  who  explained  the  subject  of 
rhythm,  and  rendered  it  intelligible; 
much  of  his  music  was  published ;  died 
%t  Ratisbon,  1782. 

RiEs,  Ferdinand,  bom  at  Bonn  in 
Germany,  Nov.  29,  1784 ;  composed  mu- 
sic at  the  age  of  nine  years;  travelled 
through  Sweden,  Russia,  and,  after  be- 
ing successful;  went  to  England,  where 


he  became  famous ;  spent  some  time  in 
Paris,  but  wrote  most  of  his  works  in 
London ;  died  Jan.  13,  1838,  aged  54. 

Ries,  Franz,  first  violinist  of  the 
Electoral  Chapel,  father  of  Ferdinand 
Ries,  was  a  music-teacher  at  Bonn ;  be- 
came noted  for  assisting  the  Beethoven 
family  in  their  time  of  need ;  was  con- 
cert-master at  Cologne,  and,  at  the  age 
of  ninety  years,  received  the  Prussian 
order  of  the  Red  Eagle ;  died  in  his  na- 
tive city,  Bonn,  1845. 

Rietz,  Maria  Therese,  a  famous 
singer,  and  wife  of  the  chapel-master; 
died  at  Dresden,  Nov.  13,  1861. 

Righini,  Vincenzo,  chapel-master  at 
Berlin;  born  at  Bologna,  1756;  became 
connected  with  the  theatre  at  Prague, 
and  a  composer  of  vocal  music  and 
operas ;  died  Aug.  19,  1812. 

Rigoli,  of  Florence,  invented  the  ver- 
tical harpsichord,  1620,  which  has  since 
been  imitated  in  a  variety  of  the  piano- 
forte. 

RiGOLL,  an  instrument  consisting  of 
several  sticks  separated  by  beads,  and 
struck  with  a  ball  upon  the  end  of  a 
stick. 

RiGGS,  Thomas  Jefferson,  born  at 
Meredith,  N.Y.,  Oct.  19,  1826;  early 
became  a  performer  upon  instruments, 
and  for  many  years  has  been  a  success- 
ful teacher  and  conductor;  has  com- 
posed songs  and  sacred  music. 

Riley,  E.,  of  New  York,  published 
'■'■Vocal  Melodies,'^  1820;  it  was  a  collec- 
tion of  foreign  airs  which  he  adapted  to 
American  words. 

Riley,  William,  of  London,  wrote 
''Parochial  Music,''  1762. 

Rimbault,  Edward  F.,  a  well-known  I  .J),^ 
writer  and  composer  in  London,  Eng-  ^  ^^ 
land ;  has  published  some  thirty  distinct     . 
musical  works,  and  has  composed  much'^'^^f 
sacred  and  secular  music ;  was  editor  of  ik'^6 
"  ChappelVs  Musical  Marjazine,''  and  a 
contributor  to    the    musical  works   of 
other  publishers. 

RiNCK,  Christian  Heinrich,  organ- 
ist and  composer,  born  Feb,  18,  1770; 
was  a  learned  and  accomplished  musi- 
cian, known  in  America  on  account  of 
his  organ-compositions ;  died  Aug.  7, 
1846,  at  Darmstadt,  Gennany;  his  father 
was  a  teacher  of  music,  and  pianist. 

Ring,  John,  born  in  London,  Eng- 
land, 1751;  known  by  his  work,  ''The 
Commemoration  of  Handel,''  1786;  died 
1821. 

Rinks,  C,  published  in  London,  1840, 


A  DICTIONAKY  OF  MUSICAL  INFOllMATION. 


127 


'*  Selections  of  Psalm  and  Hymn 
Tunes.^^ 

EiNUCCiNi,  OCTAVIA,  an  Italian  com- 
poser, born  at  Florence,  who  went  to 
France  on  the  marriage  of  Henry  IV., 
first  introduced  Italian  music  into  that 
country ;  an  Italian  company  appeared 
in  Paris,  1577.    Died  1621. 

Rip  van  Winkle,  composed  by  Geo. 
F.  Bristow,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  for  the 
Pyne  and  Harrison  troupe. 

RiSTOBi,  Adelaide,  born  a  gypsy; 
was  a  singer  in  a  wandering  company, 
in  which  both  her  father  and  mother 
were  actors;  her  father  was  an  instru- 
mental performer. 

Ritchie,  Dr.,  and  Dr.  Porteus,  be- 
came somewhat  noted  in  London,  1856, 
by  their  controversy  about  the  organ  as 
a  church-instrument. 

RiTSON,  Joseph,  born  in  Stockton- 
upon-Tees,  Oct.  2, 1752 ;  published,  1783, 
a  valuable  collection  of  ^^ English  Songs;^' 
in  1790,  ^'Ancient  Songs,^^  from  the  time 
of  Henry  to  the  Revolution ;  in  1794,  a 
collection  of  ^^  Scottish  Songs  ;'^  died 
Sept.  23,  1803. 

RiTTER,  F.  L.,  born  in  Germany; 
came  to  this  country,  and  settled  at 
Cincinnati,  O. ;  is  a  well-known  musi- 
cian and  composer;  has  published  a 
''UUtory  of  Music,'^  and  other  valuable 
works. 

Roach,  Thomas,  a  pauper  child,  1854, 
was  educated  as  a  pianoforte-tuner  by 
the  Perkins  Institution  for  the  Blind ; 
died  1874,  leaving  $3,500  to  that  estab- 
lishment. 

Roast  Beef  of  Old  England.  This 
celebrated  old  national  song  was  com- 
posed by  Richard  Leveridge,  1720;  he 
was  the  author  of  many  songs. 

RoBBiNS,  Charles,  published  "  The 
Columbian  Harmony,"  Portland,  Me., 
1805. 

RoBBiNS,  Edgar  A.,  teacher  and 
composer  of  music,  Boston,  Mass. ; 
author  of  ''Practical  Harmony,''  "  The 
Art  of  Modulation,''  "  Tlie  American 
Method  for  Piano-Forte,"  and  other 
works  of  value,  1872. 

Robert  the  Pious,  King  of  France, 
996,  was  fond  of  composing  hymns  and 
of  singing;  he  would  frequently  assume 
a  monastic  garb,  and  preside  over  the 
choir  of  St.  Denys. 

Roberts,  E.,  published  "  The  -^mte- 
a  collection  of  music,  at  New  York, 
1869,  in  the  compilation  of  which  he  was 
assisted  by  J.  P.  Morgan. 

r  * 


Roberts,  Henry,  for  many  years 
choir-master  in  Cornwall,  England;  died 
there  January,  1870. 

Robertson,  Alexander,  a  song- 
composer,  and  for  many  years  ringer  of 
the  music-bells,  St.  Giles'  Church,  Edin- 
burgh ;  died  Sept.  22,  1819. 

Robertson,  Daniel,  published  at 
Edinburgh  a  collection  of  reels,  &c., 
original,  dedicated  to  Georgiana  Scott 
of  Seabank;  this  was  for  harpsichord 
with  violoncello  bass. 

Robertson,  Lord,  an  amateur  vo- 
calist of  Edinburgh ;  could  sing  Italian 
songs  so  well  that  none  could  distin- 
guish that  he  was  a  Scotchman,  who 
did  not  know  him  ;  died  Jan.  10,  1855. 

Robertson,  Thomas,  of  Dalraeny, 
Scotland,  published,  1785,  "T/ie  History 
and  Theory  of  Ancient  and  Modem 
Music." 

Robinson,  Charles  S.,  of  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  published  ""Songs  of  the  Church,'^ 
227  tunes,  and  ""Songs  for  Christian 
Worship" 

Robinson,  Dr.  F.,  musician  and  com- 
poser; vicar-choral  of  St.  Patrick's, 
Dublin ;  died  1872. 

Robinson,  Edward  B.,  of  Portland, 
Me.,  in  1852  published  some  music,  with 
the  upper  and  lower  lines  of  the  staff 
made  double  thickness,  —  also  the  added 
lines,  the  fourth  above  and  below,  —  on 
the  supposition  that  this  would  assist 
in  determining  the  letters,  and  render 
the  reading  of  notes  less  difficult. 

Robinson,  John,  one  of  the  choris- 
ters of  the  Chapel  Royal ;  an  excellent 
performer  on  the  organ ;  an  assistant  of 
Dr.  Croft's  at  the  abbey,  and  in  3727 
organist  there ;  died  1762,  aged  80;  was 
buried  in  the  same  grave  with  Croft. 

Robinson,  John,  celebrated  as  a 
music-teacher,  died  at  York,  England, 
July,  1855;  he  left  a  large  library,  and 
some  instruments,  &c.,  of  such  value 
as  to  be  sold  at  auction  in  London. 

RoBYN,  William  and  Henry,  broth- 
ers, born  at  Emmerick:  William,  1813; 
Henry,  1824;  came  to  this  country,  and 
both  settled  as  music-teachers  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Rocco,  L.  T.,  a  well-known  harpist, 
and  member  of  Thomas's  orchestra;  af- 
terwards connected  with  an  opera  com- 
pany in  New  York ;  committed  suicide 
there  1873.  He  was  considered  the  best 
harpist  in  this  country. 

Roche,  Thomas,  a  blind  musician, 
extensively  known  at  Lynn,  Mass. ;  died 


128 


A  DICTIONAET  OF  MUSICAL  mFORMATION. 


Aug.  17,  1873,  aged  35 ;  could  detect  the 
slightest  error  in  any  music  he  had  once 
heard. 

Rock  Harmonicots",  an  instrument 
consisting  of  wooden  bars  across  a 
frame,  upon  which  certain  sorts  of 
rocks  are  placed,  and  made  to  give  forth 
sounds  when  struck  with  wooden  ham- 
mers. 

Rode,  Pierre,  a  French  violinist, 
born  at  Bordeaux,  Feb.  26,  1774 ;  went 
to  Paris  at  the  age  of  thirteen  years; 
spent  five  years  in  Russia,  and  settled 
at  Berlin  1814;  later  in  life  returned  to 
his  native  town ;  published  much  music 
for  his  instrument ;    died  Nov.  25,  1830. 

RODOLPHE,   or  RUDOLPHE,   JeAN 

Joseph,  born  at  Strasburg,  1730 ;  was  a 
performer  on  the  French  horn,  violinist, 
and  a  leader  of  orchestras  in  France; 
became  a  composer  of  ballet-music,  and 
in  1784  was  professor  of  composition  at 
the  academy;  wrote  many  important 
works,  and  some  for  the  horn  and 
violin. 

RoDWELT.,  George  H.,  of  London, 
England,  musical  director  of  the  Adel- 
phi  Theatre,  and  composer,  was  the  au- 
thor of  several  operas  and  ballads,  some 
of  which  were  published  in  New  York, 
1849;  died  February,  1852. 

Roe,  a  singer  of  note,  and  author  of 
songs,  some  of  which  were  written  for 
John  Parry;  died  in  London,  April, 
1843. 

Rogers,  Benjamust,  born  at  Wind- 
sor ;  was  made  bachelor  of  music,  1658 ; 
became  organist  in  Magdalen  College, 
Oxford,  England,  and  was  removed  by 
James  II. ;  published  "  Court  Ayres,^' 
hymns,  anthems,  and  other  musical 
compositions ;  went  to  Dublin  as  organ- 
ist ;  composed  much  for  instruments ; 
died  1685. 

Rogers,  Charles,  of  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  edited  ''Modern  Scottish  Min- 
strelsy,''^  six  volumes,  1857. 

Roger,  Gustave  Hippolyte,  born 
in  Paris,  Aug.  27,  1815,  famous  as  a 
tenor-singer  from  1837  to  1849;  also 
celebrated  in  Germany  since  that 
time. 

Roger,  M.,  the  well-known  tenor  of 
the  Grand  Opera,  Paris,  one  of  the  finest 
musicians  of  his  time,  and  one  of  the 
best  actors  on  the  French  stage,  until 
the  loss  of  his  voice,  1859,  was  greatly 
celebrated ;  after  this,  the  artist  lost  the 
use  of  one  arm,  which  was  amputated ; 
and  the  government  gave  him  the  office 


of  professor  of  singing  in  the  conserva- 
tory. 

Rogers,  Robert,  born  at  South 
Anston,  England,  1787 ;  was  a  self-edu- 
cated musician,  who  devoted  seven 
hours  a  day  to  the  practice  of  the  piano- 
forte and  violin;  joined  a  theatre  or- 
chestra; became  a  teacher  and  organ- 
ist; published  ^^  Selections  of  Sacred 
Music.^^ 

Rohner,  G.  W.,  of  London,  England, 
author  of  several  highly-commended 
works  on  music,  1849;  also  ''Art  of 
Singing,''  1856. 

RoHR,  J.  H.,  professor  of  music,  Phil- 
adelphia, Penn.,  and  author  of  "First 
Lessons  in  Music.'' 

Roland,  Alfred,  a  good  musician 
and  composer  of  France,  being  cured  of 
disease  by  the  waters  and  baths  of  the 
Pyrenees  at  Bagneres  de  Bigone,  es- 
tablished there  an  asylum  or  hospital 
for  the  poor,  in  connection  with  a  con- 
servatory of  music ;  for  twenty  years  he 
was  the  leader  of  his  band  of  musicians 
through  Europe,  France,  Gennany,  and 
Russia,  giving  concerts  for  the  support 
of  the  institution;  his  band  numbered 
eighty  singers ;  he  at  length  became  too 
aged  to  travel,  but  his  band  continued 
to  do  so  under  the  name  of  "Les  Mon- 
tagnards,"  six  of  them  coming  to 
America,  1858,  and,  going  through  the 
States,  sang  in  Boston,  Mass.,  April, 
1859. 

Roller,  Jean,  the  inventor  of  the 
Pianino;  died  in  Paris,  France,  where 
he  was  exhibiting  his  new  instrument, 
January,  1867. 

RoLT,  Richard,  born  at  Shrewsbury, 
England,  1724 ;  early  settled  in  London, 
where  he  composed  operas  and  other 
music ;  wrote  more  than  three  hundred 
songs  and  cantatas  for  the  theatre. 

RoMAiKA.  This  famous  Grecian 
dance  requires  a  leader  who  gives  as 
much  liveliness  and  intricacy  to  the 
figure  as  possible,  while  the  dancers 
must  follow  all  the  movements  without 
breaking  the  chain,  or  losing  the  time  of 
the  music. 

Roman  Decree,  A.D.  679,  "  That  no 
priest  be  a  common  rhymer,  nor  play  on 
any  musical  instrument  by  himself  or 
with  any  other  men,  but  be  wise  and 
reverent  as  becomes  his  order." 

Romberg,  Bernhard,  violoncellist, 
born  1770 ;  member  of  the  orchestra  at 
Hamburg,  and  chapel-master  there; 
composed    largely  for  his  instrument, 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


129 


and  also  much  pleasing  vocal  music; 
died  1841. 

Romberg,  Dr.  Andreas,  violinist, 
born  1767;  began  to  compose  music 
1799;  received  the  degree  of  doctor  of 
arts,  1809;  published  thirty-three  valu- 
able musical  works ;  died  at  Gotha,  Nov. 
10,  1821. 

Romberg,  Heinrich,  born  at  Paris, 
1802 ;  a  violin  virtuoso  of  celebrity ;  was 
first  violin  at  St.  Petersburg,  1827 ;  be- 
came a  composer,  and  settled  at  Ham- 
burg 1848;  died  there,  May  2, 1859. 

RoMiEU,  of  Montpellier,  published, 
1743,  ^'A  New  Discovery  of  the  Grave 
Harmonics,''''  the  third  sound  resulting 
from  the  coincident  vibrations  of  two 
acute  simultaneous  sounds.  Tartini 
made  the  same  discovery,  1714. 
VRoot,  George  F.,  born  in  Sheffield, 
Mass.  A  1820;  removed  to  Boston  1838, 
and  to  New  York  1844,  and  to  Chicago 
1860 ;  has  given  his  time  to  composition, 
and  the  publication  of  his  own  produc- 
tions ;  was  made  doctor  of  music  by  the 
Chicago  University,  1872. 

Rootsey,  S.,  of  London,  England, 
published  ^'Notation  of  Music, '^  1812. 

RoQUEPLAisr,  M.  N.,  whose  name  is 
intimately  associated  with  the  history  of 
the  opera  in  Paris,  France,  was  a  jour- 
nalist and  musical  director ;  died  April, 
1870. 

RoRE,  Cyprian,  born  at  Mechlin, 
1516 ;  a  celebrated  composer  and  singer 
at  Venice  and  at  Parma ;  composed  for 
and  had  charge  of  the  music  at  these 
places  for  many  years ;  died  at  Parma, 
1565. 

Rosa,  Carl,  born  in  Hamburg, 
March  22,  1842;  made  his  first  appear- 
ance as  a  violinist  1850;  went  through 
Scotland  1854;  thence  through  Italy, 
Germany,  France,  and  England ;  in  1865 
played  in  concert  with  Mme.  Parepa 
in  London,  and  with  her  came  to 
America,  where  they  became  soon  well 
known ;  married  Parepa  in  New  York, 
Feb.  26,  1867;  after  a  concert-tour 
through  the  States,  they  returned  to 
Europe,  and  organized  an  English  opera 
company  in  London. 

Rosa,  Salvator,  born  at  Renessa, 
near  Naples,  1616;  painter,  poet,  and 
musician;  eight  cantatas  and  numerous 
songs  of  his  composition  were  preserved ; 
he  was  a  performer  on  the  lute,  and  his 
songs  in  point  of  melody  were  superior ; 
died  at  Rome,  1673. 

RozscAVOLGY,  a  Jew,  born  1787,  was 


a  composer  of  music  in  Hungary ;  wrote 
the  celebratedi2ar/oez?/  March;  died  1848. 

Rose,  Bernard,  of  Great  Maddox 
Street,  near  St.  George's  Church,  Han- 
over Square,  London,  published  "^Twelve 
New  EiKjlishCountnj-Dances,  and  Twelve 
of  the  most  favorite  Scotch  ComKiry- 
Dances,  for  her  lloyal  Highness  Princess 
Aw/usta's  Birthday;'^  dedicated  to  the 
Duke  of  York.  Price  2.s.  Qd.  Directions 
how  to  dance  it  accompany  every  tune 
in  the  book. 

Rose,  J.  H.  Y.,  born  at  Quedlinburg, 
1743;  famous  organist;  published  a  col- 
lection of  Psalms  with  new  melodies,  for 
four  voices,  1792. 

Roseburgh,  Ida,  made  her  debut  in 
New  York,  1873,  as  Rosina  in  the  ^'Bar- 
ber of  Seville,'^  and  in  the  lesson  scene 
sang  the  variations  on  the  Carnival  of 
Venice.  She  is  a  highly  cultivated 
American  soprano,  who  has  been  study- 
ing in  Italy. 

'Roseingrave,  Thomas,  went  to 
Rome  1710;  in  1720  went  to  London  as 
organist  and  teacher;  published  a  col- 
lection of  '^Lessons  for  the  Harpsi- 
chord,'^ some  songs,  one  opera,  and 
some  instrumental  music;  became  in- 
sane, and  died  1750. 

RosETTi,  Antonio,  born  at  Milan, 
1744;  was  chapel-master  and  violinist; 
generally  played  the  double-bass ;  but 
his  principal  merits  were  as  a  composer, 
and  leader  of  an  orchestra ;  his  publica- 
tions are  supposed  to  be  numerous ;  but 
as  there  were  several  composers  of  the 
same  name,  about  the  same  period,  it  is 
uncertain  to  which  some  of  the  compo- 
sitions belong. 

RosEwiG,  A.  H.,  music-master  in 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  published,  1874, 
^%'anius  Divinus,"  containing  new 
masses,  requiems,  vespers,  oft'ertoriums, 
hymns,  and  canticles,  for  all  festivals 
and  seasons. 

Ross,  John,  born  at  Newcastle,  Nor- 
thumberland, Oct.  12,  1763;  went  to 
Aberdeen,  Scotland,  1783;  was  organist 
there  for  53  years ;  was  eminent  as  a 
composer  and  performer  of  music ;  wrote 
much  music  at  Aberdeen;  died  July  28, 
1837,  aged  74. 

Rossi,  Laure,  who  was  eight  years 
in  America  as  chef  d^orchestre  of  an 
operatic  troupe,  had  previously  been 
director  at  Milan,  Italy,  and  since  at 
Naples,  and  died  there  September,  1871. 

Rossini,  Gioacchino,  born  at  Pesaro, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Venice,  February;,  1792 ;      1 4 

/ 


'h 


130 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


became  director  of  an  orchestra  1806, 
and  was  known  as  a  composer  1808 ;  his 
works  include  thirty-eight  operas,  an 
oratorio,  two  masses,  nine  cantatas,  one 
*^Stabat  Mater, ]A^a,nd  many  less  impor- 
tant works ;  he  was  the  great  composer 
/  3  of  his  time  ;  died  Nov.  14,  1869,  at  Paris, 
where  he  had  long  resided,  aged  77. 

Rote,  the  same  as  the  English  hurdy- 
gurdy,  producing  tones  by  the  friction 
of  a  wheel. 

RoTT,  H.,  a  musical  instrument  maker 
of  Prague,  in  1861  invented  a  new  wind 
instrument  for  military  bands,  called  the 
''c/lagoV 

ROUGET  DE  T.'ISLE,  ClAUDE  JoSEPH, 

born  at  Lons  le  Saulnier,  1760;  first 
produced  his  ^^Marseillaise  Hi/mn''  at 
Strasbourg,  1792 ;  he  was  a  poet  and  mu- 
sician ;  became  a  soldier,  was  wounded 
in  service,  went  to  reside  in  Paris,  where 
he  lived  many  years;  in  1830  he  was 
granted  a  pension  by  Louis  Philippe,  and 
died  at  Choisy-le-Roi,  1836,  the  possessor 
of  the  cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor,  but 
wiihout  other  property  to  defray  the 
expenses  of  his  funeral. 

RvtUNDHEADS,  a  class  of  people  whose 
characteristics  were  not  unlike  those  of 
Calvin,  were  very  inimical  to  music,  and, 
while  they  were  in  power,  church-music 
and  the  surplice  were  both  under  the 
ban ;  but,  when  the  Stuarts  returned  to 
fame,  church-music  resumed  its  sway. 
Except  during  this  brief  interregnum, 
when  the  Roundheads  frowned  on 
church-music,  it  has  always  flourished 
in  England,  having  been  improved  by 
ecclesiastics,  who  visited  Rome  to  gain 
musical  information.  The  Venerable 
Bede  was  an  able  musician  ;  and  a 
treatise  entitled  "De  Musica  Theoretica 
Practica  et  Mensurata,^'  has  been  as- 
cribed to  him. 

Rouse,  Francis,  published  a  version 
of  the  Psalms  in  England,  1648,  which 
is  still  used  in  Scotland  to  some  extent, 
and  has  been  used  in  this  country, 
South ;  was  employed  by  the  Westmin- 
ster Assembly,  which  insisted  upon  the 
duty  of  regular  singing  as  a  part  of 
public  worship. 

RoussEA-u,  Jean  Jacques,  celebrated 
as  an  author  and  musician;  born  at 
Geneva,  1712;  wrote  many  works  on 
musi.^,  and  published  nearly  one  hun- 
dred songs ;  published  a  ^^Musical  Dic- 
tionary,'' 1768. 

RowE,  John,  of  England,  1744,  pre- 
sented Christ  Church,  Boston,  Mass., 


with  a  chime  of  eight  bells ;  they  were 
cast  by  Abel  Rudhall,  of  Gloucester, 
England,  and  the  bells  are  still  perfect 
in  every  respect. 

RowELL,  John,  born  in  Hopkinton, 
N.H.,  was  a  musician  of  the  old  school, 
made  drums,  fifes,  violins,  and  other 
instruments,  and  finally  a  piano-forte, 
all  without  instructions. 

Royal  Academy  of  Music,  London, 
England,  established  1823  by  the  efforts 
of  Lord  Burgharst,  its  object  being  to 
benefit  English  students. 

Royal  Society  of  Musicians,  es- 
tablished April  19,  1738,  in  London, 
England,  for  the  relief  of  indigent  musi- 
cians and  their  widows  and  orphans. 

RuBiNELLi,  Giovanni,  a  celebrated 
contraltist,  born  at  Brescia,  1752;  in 
1774  was  a  principal  singer  in  Italy; 
went  to  London  1786 ;  sang  there  with 
Mara. 

RuBiNi,  Giovanni  Battista,  the 
most  celebrated  tenor  of  his  time,  born 
at  Romano,  April  7,  1795 ;  was  a  violin- 
ist at  the  age  of  eight  years ;  sang  mostly 
in  Paris  and  London  for  many  years, 
but  later  throughout  Europe;  died  at 
Romano,  in  the  province  of  Bergamo, 
March  2, 1854,  aged  59,  leaving  an  estate 
worth  five  million  dollars. 

Rubinstein,  Anton  Gregory,  born 
at  Wechmotymetz,  Russia,  Nov.  18, 
1829;  was  early  admitted  into  the  Con- 
servatoire, and  at  the  age  of  twelve  years 
began  to  compose  music ;  became  known 
as  a  pianist  at  Moscow,  where  he  gave 
his  first  concert;  commenced  to  travel 
in  1839;  in  1852  he  founded  the  Conser- 
vatoire of  St.  Petersburg,  where  he 
wrote  his  best  compositions ;  visited  this 
country  in  1873,  and  was  enthusiastically 
received. 

Rubinstein,  Nicholas,  elder  brother 
of  Anton,  was  musically  educated,  and 
devoted  himself  to  teaching  music ;  be- 
came director  of  the  conservatorium  at 
Moscow. 

RucKERS,  John  and  Andrew,  re- 
nowned makers  of  the  clavecin  (harpsi- 
chord), or  epinette  (spinet),  at  Antwerp, 
1569  to  1620;  a  son  of  Andrew,  born  at 
Antwerp,  made  great  improvements  in 
these  instruments ;  died  1670.  Handel 
had  one  of  Rucker's  harpsichords. 

RucziTZKA,  a  Bohemian  musician, 
wrote  the  first  Hungarian  opera,  ^'Bela- 
futasaJ' 

RuDERSDORFF,  Erminia,  bom  at 
Ivanowsky,  Russia,  Dec.  12,  1822;  after 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


131 


appearing  in  England  and  Germany  as 
a  concert-singer,  made  her  debut  in 
opera  1811 ;  married  Dr.  Kuchenmeis- 
ter  1844 ;  removed  to  London  1854,  and 
was  tUere  an  opera  and  oratorio  singer ; 
came  to  tliis  country,  and  sang  at  the 
May  Festival,  Boston,  1871,  where  she 
has  since  resided. 

Rudiments  of  Music,  Andrew  Law, 
Newark,  N.J.,  1783;  his  first  book, 
^^ Tunes  and  Anthems,^^  was  published 
1782. 

RuDOLFSEN  was  Well  known  as  an 
admirable  horn-player  in  the  old  Ger- 
mania  Society,  and  in  the  Boston  orches- 
tras; was  a  concert-singer  under  the 
names  of  Signer  Rudolfo  and  Herr  Ru- 
dolph ;  in  all  places  he  won  good  opinions. 

RuFiNATSCHA,  JoHANN,  bom  in 
Vienna;  was  a  teacher  of  the  piano- 
forte and  harmony ;  has  produced  over- 
tures, symphonies,  and  orchestral  works 
since  1848,  which  are  popular  in  Germany. 

RuMSEY,  H.  S.,  celebrated  as  a  min- 
strel; died  at  Newburgh,  N.Y.,  Sept.  9, 
1872. 


Russell,  William,  was  born  in  Lon- 
don, 1777 ;  became  known  as  an  organ- 
ist, 1789;  was  organist  till  1800,  when 
he  was  appointed  composer  and  piano- 
forte-player at  Sadler's  Wells;  his  com- 
positions are  numerous  for  the  theatre; 
he  also  wrote  two  oratorios,  and  some 
other  music ;  died  1813,  aged  36. 

Russian  Music.  The  Russian  music 
and  religion  came  from  Greece;  they 
are  a  musical  people,  possessing  many 
native  songs ;  among  them  German  and 
Italian  opera  flourishes,  and  the  com- 
mon people  cultivate  music  and  dancing. 
Their  national  hymn  was  composed  by 
A.  Swoff.  Most  of  the  great  musical 
artists  of  the  world  visit  Russia;  and 
some  excellent  composers  and  pianists 
of  Russia  have  lately  been  known  in 
Europe  and  in  this  country. 

RziHA,  F.  VON,  came  to  Boston,  Mass., 
1847,  as  violinist,  and  leader  of  "  The 
Steyermarldsche  Musical  Company,''^  of 
nineteen  performers,  constituting  an 
orchestra  of  considerable  power  and 
variety. 


s. 


S.  This  letter  is  used  as  an  abbrevia- 
tion of  solo;  as,  or(j.  s.,  organ  solo. 

Sacchini,  a.  M.  G.,  born  at  Puzzuoli, 
May  11,  1734,  became  principal  com- 
poser for  the  theatre  at  Rome ;  in  1769 
was  director  of  the  Venice  conserva- 
tory; went  to  England  1772,  where  he 
acquired  additional  fame ;  went  to  Paris 
1781,  where  he  was  pensioned  by  the 
queen  and  by  the  theatre ;  died  at  Paris, 
Oct.  7,  1786. 

Sacellus,  Leo.,  chapel  -  master  of 
the  Duomo  Church  at  Vicenza  in  1600. 
Amongst  his  works  were  published  at 
Antwerp  '^Flores  2,  3,  et  4,  vocum,^^ 
1619. 

Sachs,  Hans,  a  Nuremburg  cobbler, 
with  Michael  Behaim,  Hadlaub,  and 
Muscatblut,  were  the  most  famous  of 
the  ^^  Master- Singer s,^^  a  class  of  min- 
strels combining  the  qualities  of  poets 
and  singers,  in  the  sixteenth  century ; 
their  compositions  were  chiefly  devo- 
tional. 

Sackbut,  an  ancient  instrument 
identical  with  the  trombone ;  the  mod- 
ern trombone  was  modelled  from  one 
excavated  at  Pompeii. 

Sacked  Musical  Drama  was  per- 


formed in  Italy,  at  Padua,  1243;  the 
Passion  of  Christ,  at  Friale,  1298. 

Sage,  W.  H.,  for  many  years  organ- 
ist in  New  York,  one  of  the  originators 
of  the  Philharmonic  Society,  and  a  first 
violinist  in  the  orchestras  of  that  city, 
died  in  Orange,  N.  J.,  1868. 

Saint-Am ANs,  Louis  Joseph,  born 
at  Marseilles  1749;  in  1769  went  to  Paris, 
and  became  known  as  a  composer; 
afterwards  wrote  operas  and  ballets  for 
the  theatre,  and  later  became  director 
of  orchestra ;  was  celebrated  mostly  for 
his  operas. 

Sala,  Madame,  long  known  as  a 
lyric  artist,  made  her  appearance  at 
Covent  Garden,  London,  Dec.  14,  1827, 
in  opera,  and  continued  there  until  her 
death,  July,  1860. 

Sale,  J.  B.,  bom  at  Windsor,  Eng- 
land, 1779;  was  teacher  of  the  piano- 
forte, singing,  and  the  organ;  also  a 
composer  of  songs,  glees,  duets,  and 
church  music ;  published  a  collection  of 
psalmody,  1837,  with  alterations  in 
melody  and  harmony;  died  1856. 

Sale,  John,  bom  in  London,  1758, 
was  chorister  at  Windsor;  was  a  princi- 
pal bass  at  London,  Liverpool,  and  the 


132 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INTOEMATIOIIT. 


large  towns,  in  oratorio,  &c. ;  died 
1828. 

Salieri,  Antonio,  born  at  Legnano, 
Aug.  19,  1750;  cliapel-master  to  tlie 
Emperor  of  Austria ;  in  1784,  after  com- 
posing an  opera,  went  to  Paris,  wliere 
it  was  performed  before  tlie  royal  fam- 
ily, the  queen  singing  in  it  at  every  per- 
formance; he  now  composed  for  the 
theatres,  and,  on  his  return  to  Venice, 
produced  many  operas  there,  and  other 
works ;  was  made  leader  at  the  Imperial 
Chapel ;  and  died  in  Vienna,  1825. 

Salinas,  Francisco,  born  blind  at 
Burgos,  Spain,  1513;  wrote  '' De  Mu- 
sica  ; "  died  1590 ;  was  a  line  singer  and 
organist;  was  a  professor  of  music  at 
Salamanca. 

Salo,  Gasparo  di,  supposed  to  have 
been  the  first  maker  of  Italian  violins, 
1450,  was  a  native  of  Brescia,  where 
lutes  and  viols  were  manufactured ;  he 
worked  at  his  business  in  that  town  for 
fifty  years,  and  died  there. 

Salomon,  Johann  Peter,  born  at 
Bonn,  1745,  became  celebrated  in  Ger- 
many and  France  as  a  violinist,  and  for 
general  knowledge  of  music;  went  to 
England  1781;  was  one  of  the  pro- 
moters of  the  Philharmonic  Society; 
the  great  Haydn  wrote  twelve  sympho- 
nies for  the  concerts  of  Salomon ;  died 
in  London,  1824. 

Saltoun,  Lord,  an  accomplished 
and  energetic  supporter  of  music,  and  a 
violinist,  died  in  London,  August,  1853. 

Salviani  became  celebrated  in  New 
York,  1855,  as  a  tenor ;  went  to  Flor- 
ence, and  became  an  opera-singer  there. 

Sambuca,  an  ancient  stringed  instru- 
ment used  by  the  Greeks. 

Sambucus,  a  flute  made  of  elderwood. 

Sampunia,  a  Hebrew  instrument  re- 
sembling the  bagpipe,  made  of  sheep- 
skin, and  round ;  it  had  two  pipes,  one 
to  fill  the  belly  with  wind,  the  other  to 
emit  the  sound;  the  lower  pipe  to  be 
fingered. 

Sampson,  Richard,  published  a  col- 
lection of  psalmody,  1800;  was  well 
known  at  Westminster  as  organist. 

Samuels,  Edward  A.,  a  native  of 
Boston,  known  musically  by  his  course 
of  lectures  on  music  before  the  Lowell 
Institute,  1866. 

Sances,  Giovanni  Felice,  chapel- 
master  to  the  Emperor  Leopold  I.,  at 
Vienna,  in  the  first  half  of  the  seven- 
teenth century;  he  composed  many 
motets,  and  other  vocal  music. 


Sancho,  Ignatius,  bom  of  African 
parents,  on  board  a  slave-ship,  1729 ;  be- 
came servant  in  England ;  published  an 
essay  on  music,  and  gained  reputation 
as  a  composer ;  died  1780. 

Sander,  F.  S.,  a  Bohemian  musician 
resident  at  Breslau  in  Silesia;  a  good 
vocal  and  instrumental  composer  from 
the  year  1783  to  1797. 

Sanders,  Charles  W.,  bom  in  Her- 
kimer County,  N.Y.,  1805;  wrote  and 
published  the  "  Young  Choir, ^'  "  School 
Sinqer,"  "  Young  Vocalist,"  and,  with 
B.  F.  Russell,  the  '' Bobin  Redbreast.'' 

Sanderson,  Harry,  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, 1838,  an  esteemed  musical  artist 
and  brilliant  pianist;  brother  of  Col. 
Sanderson,  who  died  in  London,  Nov- 
ember, 1871 ;  became  celebrated  as  a 
performer  and  teacher  in  New  York, 
where  he  died,  Sept.  27,  1871,  aged  33. 

Sanderson,  James,  a  dramatic  com- 
poser, born  at  Workington,  1769,  was  a 
violinist  at  the  theatre  and  in  concerts ; 
became  a  teacher  of  the  violin  and 
piano-forte;  became  celebrated  for  his 
compositions  and  dramatic  music,  also 
published  much  music  for  the  violin; 
his  theatrical  works  number  154;  was 
self-instructed. 

Sandys,  Edwin,  born  in  Worcester, 
England,  1561 ;  wrote  fifty  psalms  and 
hymns,  set  to  be  sung  in  five  parts  by- 
Robert  Tailour,  1615 ;  died  1629. 

Sandys,  George,  born  at  Bishop- 
thorpe,  near  York,  England,  1577;  made 
a  translation  of  the  Psalms,  which 
Bishop  King  said  "was  too  elegant  to 
be  sung  or  for  vulgar  use;"  came  to 
America  1615,  and  settled  in  Virginia; 
returned  to  England ;  and  died  in  Kent, 
1644. 

Sandys,  William,  of  England,  wrote 
^'Christmas  Carols,''  with  music,  ^^Fes- 
tivities and  Carols,"  with  their  music, 
1856 ;  a  history  of  the  violin,  assisted  by 
Simon  A.  Foster,  1863 ;  and  other  works. 

Sanger,  Zedekiah,  of  Dedham, 
Mass.,  published,  1808,  the  ''Meridian 
Harmony,"  112  pages ;  was  a  music- 
teacher,  and  was  assisted  by  some  of 
the  old  American  composers  in  pre- 
paring this  work. 

Sangerbunde  Societies,  originated 
in  Germany,  by  G.  F.  Bischoff. 

Santley,  the  English  barytone,  was 
born  in  Liverpool,  and  became  early 
known  as  a  singer  in  the  societies  there 
and  in  London;  in  1866  appeared  in 
Italian  opera. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION 


133 


Saro,  Heinricii,  band-master  and 
composer;  the  possessor  of  eight  first- 
class  decorations  from  rulers  in  Europe, 
one  of  which  is  the  "  Iron  Cross,^'  be- 
stowed on  all  the  members  of  Kaiser 
Franz  Garde-Grenadier  Prussian  Band, 
by  Von  Moltke,  for  bravery  at  the  bat- 
tle of  Gravelotte ;  the  band  has  been  led 
by  Saro  for  twelve  years ;  numbers  sixty 
men,  nearly  all  solo-players ;  they  came 
to  this  country  1872,  and  performed  at 
the  Peace  Jubilee,  Boston. 

Saroni,  Adolph,  organist  and  teach- 
er of  music,  New  York,  composed 
orchestral  music  and  an  overture  which 
were  performed  in  that  city  1849. 

Saroni,  H.  S.,  was,  in  1855,  leader  of 
the  Philharmonic  Society,  Columbus, 
Ga. ;  commenced  in  New  York,  1850, 
the  '^Musical  Times  ; "  published  ^' Marx 
Theory,"  and  the  ''  Vade  Mecum,''  1852. 

Sarrette,  Bernard,  born  at  Bor- 
deaux, France,  Nov.  27,  1765,  though 
not  known  as  a  musician,  was  celebrated 
for  the  great  service  he  rendered  the 
musical  art  ;  was  the  founder  and 
earliest  director  of  the  Conservatory  at 
Paris ;  died  March,  1858,  aged  92. 

Sarrus,  M.,  invented,  1849,  a  wind 
instrument,  intended  to  take  the  place 
of  the  oboe  and  bassoon  in  orchestra, 
called  the  Sarrusophone  ;  he  was  a  mu- 
sician of  the  13th  English  Regiment. 

Sarti,  Giuseppe,  imperial  chapel- 
master  at  St.  Petersburg,  born  at  Facu- 
sa,  1730;  became  celebrated  by  his  "  Te 
Deum,''  in  which  he  introduced  real 
firing  of  cannon;  remained  in  Russia 
eighteen  years,  when  he  went  to  Milan 
in  1801 ;  his  compositions  are  numerous ; 
died  at  Milan,  1802. 

Satter,  Gustav,  pianist  and  com- 
poser, born  at  Vienna,  February,  1831 ; 
became  known  as  a  composer  1851 ;  com- 
menced travelling  and  giving  concerts 
1852;  came  to  this  country  in  1854; 
gave  concerts  in  Boston  and  New  York 
1855 ;  published  here  quite  a  number  of 
compositions,  and  in  1858  completed 
his  third  opera. 

Saunders,  George,  teacher  of  music 
and  dancing,  wrote  a  "  Violin  School,^^ 
Boston,  Mass.,  1857,  and  some  original 
music. 

Saunderson,  Dr.  Nicholas,  pre- 
sented a  singular  instance  of  delicacy  of 
ear ;  could  readily  distinguish  the  fifth 
part  of  a  tone  ;  was  celebrated  as  a 
flutist. 

Saust,  Charles,  born  in  Saxony, 


1773;  went  to  England  1800,  and  be- 
came celebrated  as  a  teacher  and  per- 
former on  the  flute  there  and  in  Ger- 
many; published  much  music  for  his 
instrument. 

Sax  Horns,  invented  by  A.  Sax,  and 
improved  by  M.  Distin  of  London. 

Saxon  Illustrations  prove  their 
fondness  for  music,  — existing  illumina- 
tions used  as  frontispieces  to  copies  of 
the  Psalms,  in  which  David  is  depicted 
seated  upon  his  throne  playing  on  a 
harp,  surrounded  by  Saxon  "gleemen" 
performing  on  various  instruments. 

Saxonians,  a  musical  company, 
came  to  this  country  with  Kotzschmar, 
1848. 

Saxony  not  only  had  different  mu- 
sical instruments,  but  the  people  of 
that  country  delighted  in  the  harp ;  and 
**gleemen,"  or  the  professed  poets  and 
musicians,  were  venerated  and  courted 
by  all  ranks  and  conditions. 

Saxophone,  an  instrument  combin- 
ing the  qualities  of  the  alt-horn,  clari- 
net, and  flute ;  it  has  a  mouthpiece  like 
the  clarinet;  the  body  is  a  cone  of 
brass,  and  keyed. 

Scalese,  Malania  p.,  a  contralto 
of  much  talent,  and  an  excellent  buffo- 
singer,  died  at  Paris,  May,  1867. 

Scaletta,  Orazio,  chapel-master  of 
St.  Anthony's  Church  at  Padua,  was 
born  at  Bergamo.  He  died  of  the 
plague,  at  Padua,  in  1630 ;  wrote  much 
music. 

ScANDELLi,  Antonio,  chapel-master 
to  the  Elector  of  Saxony,  died  at  Dres- 
den in  1580;  published  several  col- 
lections of  songs  at  Nuremburg. 

Scarlatti,  Allessandro,  born  at 
Trapani,  Sicily,  1659,  was  the  greatest 
harp-player  of  his  day ;  became  a  cele- 
brated composer;  improved  the  over- 
ture, reformed  the  opera,  perfected  the 
ohlvjato  or  accompanied  recitative,  and 
composed  many  cantatas  ;  retained  his 
faculties  as  harpist  to  advanced  age ; 
died  1725. 

Scarlatti,  Domenico,  son  of  the 
preceding,  born  in  Naples,  1683,  in- 
herited the  talents  of  his  father ;  became 
master  of  the  Royal  Chapel,  teacher  to 
the  queen,  and  composer  for  the 
church,  opera,  and  theatre ;  died  1751, 
aged  68. 

ScHAUENSEE,  F.  J.  L.  M.  De,  bom 
at  Lucerne,  Switzerland,  1720;  singer, 
composer,  and  organist;  after  com- 
posing much  music,  some  operas,  and 


134 


A  DICTIONAKr  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


other  works,   became  a  priest  of  tlie 
Eoman  Catholic  Church. 

ScHEBEK,  Edmund,  one  of  the  Aus- 
trian commissioners  to  the  Paris  Exhi- 
bition in  1855,  published  a  work  upon 
*'  Orchestral  Instruments,"  also  a  his- 
tory of  the  violin. 

ScHECHXER,  Madame,  in  her  time  a 
very  celebrated  singer ;  died  at  Munich, 
Germany,  April,  1860,  aged  .56. 

ScHEiBE,  J.  A.,  chapel-master  to  the 
King  of  Denmark;  born  at  Leipsic, 
1708;  published  a  periodical,  ^^  The 
Critical  Musician  ;'^  was  a  voluminous 
composer,  and  wrote,  in  addition  to  his 
many  works,  1.50  pieces  of  psalmody, 
150  flute  concertos,  30  violin  concertos, 
70  symphonies,  and  quantities  of  other 
music  ;  died  at  Copenhagen,  1776. 

SciiEiBEL,  Louise,  a  famous  singer. 
See  Louisa  Abel. 

SciiENCK,  brother  of  Johann,  born  at 
Wien-Neustadt,  in  Lower  Austria,  1761 ; 
assisted  Beethoven  in  his  early  lessons ; 
died  at  Vienna,  Dec.  29,  1836,  aged  75 ; 
was  author  of  "  The  Villa[/e  Barber." 

ScHEPvR,  Emilius,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  invented,  1868,  a  two -octave 
chime  of  bells,  capable  of  performing 
tunes  and  overtures,  called  the  '^Auto- 
matic Carillon." 

Schilling,  Dr.  Gustavus,  born  at 
Schwiegerhausen,  Hanover,  Germany, 
Nov.  3,  1805;  a  celebrated  composer, 
musician,  and  writer  upon  music;  au- 
thor of  a  "-Madcal  Dictionary  "  a  ''Bio- 
graphical Lexicon"  of  musicians,  and 
other  works ;  came  to  New  York,  1857, 
with  the  expectation  of  publishing  in 
this  country  some  of  his  works,  and  of 
founding  a  music-school  there  or  in 
Boston,  but  did  not  succeed. 

ScHiNDLER  wrote  a  life  of  Beethoven 
which  was  translated  into  English  1840, 
and  went  through  three  editions. 

ScHLEiNiTZ,  Herr,  director  of  the 
**  Conservatorium,"  Leipsic,  was  an  ex- 
cellent musician,  but  gave  his  time  to 
composition  and  teaching  after  1855. 

ScHLiMBACH,  G.  C.  F.,  author  of 
some  works  concerning  organ-building, 
1825. 

ScHMiD,  Anton,  trustee  of  the  Court 
Library  in  Vienna,  and  author  of  the 
Biography  of  Gluck,  and  other  works, 
died  there  July  4,  1857,  aged  71;  he 
wrote  the  life  of  Hofhaimer,  who  was 
born  1459. 

Schmidt,  Aloys,  born  at  Erlenbach, 
on  the  Main,  1789,  settled    at  Fraak^ 


fort;  was  court  organist  at  Hanover; 
returned  to  Frankfort  1829 ;  was  an 
artist  of  good  reputation  as  composer 
and  pianist ;  wrote  many  compositions, 
several  operas,  and  two  oratorios ;  his 
studies  and  five-finger  exercises  are 
much  used  ;  died  July  26,  1866,  aged  77. 

Schmidt,  Bernard,  went  from  Ger- 
many to  London  with  two  nephews, 
and  commenced  building  organs  there  ; 
became  famous  for  the  excellence  of 
his  instruments. 

Schmidt,  George  A.,  early  became 
known  as  a  sound  musician ;  born  at 
Frankfort ;  and  appointed  chapel-master 
at  Schwerin  1856. 

Schneckenburger,  Max,  an  iron- 
founder  at  Burgsdorf,  near  Bern,  pro- 
duced, February,  1840,  a  poem,  "  Die 
Wacht  am  Bhein  ;"  it  was  set  to  music 
by  G.  Mendel,  1852,  but  did  not  then 
attract  attention ;  in  1854  it  was  again 
set  to  music  by  Carl  Wilhelm  of  Thurin- 
gia ;  it  became  a  favorite  with  the  Ger- 
man soldiers,  1865,  and  was  made  a 
national  song  during  the  war  with 
France.  The  author  of  the  poem  died 
Aug.  26,  1849,  unknown  :  the  Queen  of 
Prussia  conferred  the  dignity  of  poet- 
laureate  on  the  author  by  having  a 
medal  struck  to  present  him  when 
found ;  this  after  his  death.  See  Wil- 
helm. 

Schneider,  J.  C.  F.,.a  celebrated 
composer,  and  writer  upon  music,  born 
at  Waltersdorf,  near  Zittau,  Jan.  3, 
1786 ;  at  the  age  of  twelve  was  a  distin- 
guished pianist,  organist,  and  a  per- 
former upon  other  instruments ;  his 
great  compositions  date  after  1813,  and 
he  owes  his  fame  chiefly  to  his  orato- 
rios; died  at  Dessau,  Nov.  23,  1853, 
aged  67.^- ' \ 


Schoelcher,  M.  v.,  presented  to 
the  Conservatoire  of  Paris  a  curious 
collection  of  musical  Instruments,  con- 
sisting of  forty-nine  in  number,  few  of 
which  are  known  in  Europe  ;  they  are 
from  Arabia,  Egypt,  Smyrna,  Hayti, 
Mexico,  Greece,  and  other  parts  of  the 
world. 

Schreitzhoeffer,  kettle-drummer 
of  the  opera  at  Paris,  celebrated  as  the 
best  performer  on  that  instniment  ever 
known,  died  1852. 

Schroeter,  C.  G.,  organist;  born  at 
Hohenstein,  Bohemia,  Aug.  10,  1699; 
early  travelled  through  Germany,  Hol- 
land, and  England;  became  organist  at 
Nordliaus^n ;  built_there  a  piano-forte,^ 


lyLw'W  ^-(/Yi^i 


{ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


135 


the  first  known  in  that  country;  wrote 
many  musical  works ;  and  died  1782.  His 
instrument,  with  keys,  strings,  move- 
ments and  hammers,  1717,  was  such 
that  he  could  play  j^icino  and  forte  at 
pleasure;  and  this  suggested  the  name 
"piano -forte." 

Schubert,  Anna,  mother  of  the 
composer  Franz  Schubert,  and  a  lady 
of  musical  talent,  died  at  Vienna,  Feb- 
ruary, 1800,  aged  77. 

Schubert,  Ferdinand,  brother  of 
Franz  Schubert,  and  the  composer  of 
some  church-music;  died  at  Vienna, 
1859,  aged  05. 

Schubert,  Franz,  born  at  Vienna, 
Jan.  31,  1797;  was  a  singing  boy  at  the 
age  of  eleven  years ;  became  master  of 
the  piano-forte  and  other  instruments ; 
early  became  a  composer;  wrote  much 
and  well,  was  at  home  in  every  variety 
of  music;  died  Nov.  19,  1828,  aged  31; 
was  the  great  song-writer  of  Germany. 

Schuetz,  Henry,  born  in  Saxony, 
Oct.  8,  1591 ;  was  termed  the  father  of 
German  music;  composed  the  first 
German  opera,  "Dap/me,"  1028;  died 
1072. 

Schuler,  Karl,  pianist,  teacher,  and 
composer,  came  to  New  York  from  Ger- 
many, 1873.  Author  of  ''Woodland 
Sketches,'^  in  three  books,  1874. 

SCHULTZE,     JoHANN      LuDWIG,      fof 

more  than  half  a  century  orchestra- 
musician  at  the  Kassel  Tlieatre,  North 
Germany,  was  in  1874  publicly  deco- 
rated with  the  order  of  the  crown,  of 
the  fourth  degree,  in  the  name  of  Kaiser 
Wilhelm. 

ScHULz,  J.  p.  C,  born  at  Langen- 
salza,  in  Thuriugia,  1773 ;  a  composer, 
and  conductor  of  orchestra,  at  Leipsic; 
died  1827. 

ScHULZ,  Johann  a.  p.,  born  in  Lu- 
neburg,  Prussia;  was  a  composer  and 
writer  of  some  eminence,  and  chapel- 
master  to  the  Prince  of  Prussia ;  died  at 
Schwedt,  1800. 

Schumann,  Clara,  born  in  Leipsic, 
Sept.  13,  1819,  wife  of  the  composer; 
formerly  celebrated  as  a  pianist,  by  her 
maiden  name  of  Clara  Wieck ;  reached 
a  high  place  as  an  artist  in  the  sphere 
of  instrumental  music ;  became  a  teacher 
at  Leipsic  after  her  husband  died. 

ScHUNKE,  LuDWiG,  pianist  and  com- 
poser; was  associated  with  Schumann 
in  the  "iVewe  Zeitschrift  fur  Musik  ;^' 
one  of  the  cleverest  musicians  in  Leip- 
sic ;^  died  Dec.  7,  1834,  aged  24. 


ScnuppANziGn,  Ignaz,  a  celebrated 
violinist;  born  1778;  was  one  of  the 
musicians  at  the  house  of  Prince  Lich- 
novvsky;  died  1830. 

ScHUTZ,  Heinrich,  born  at  Kostritz, 
in  Voightland,  1.585;  went  to  Venice, 
and  remained  until  1012,  where  he  pub- 
lished a  collection  of  motets;  in  1042 
was  music-director  to  the  King  of  Den- 
mark, and  died  there  1072,  aged  88; 
composed  and  published  many  noble 
works. 

Scotch  Bagpipe,  a  national  instru- 
ment, very  popular  in  the  Highland 
districts,  and  different  from  the  Irish 
bagpipe.  It  is  extremely  imperfect  in 
all  its  different  kinds,  of  which  there 
are  four. 

Scotch  Scale  of  five  tones,  the  pen- 
tatonic  scale  of  Carl  Engel,  though  dif- 
ferent, resembles  that  in  use  among  the 
ancients,  as  also  in  Mexico  and  Peru  at 
the  time  of  their  discovery. 

Scotch  Tunes.  Some  give  David 
Rizzio  the  credit  of  being  the  inventor 
of  this  species  of  music;  others  say  it 
was  brought  from  Rome  by  John  the 
Archchanter. 

Scott,  John  James,  of  London, 
England,  pointed  the  Psalter  for  chant- 
ing, 1841. 

Scott,  M.  Leon,  of  France,  in  18.59 
discovered  that  musical  sounds,  like  the 
light  from  visual  objects,  can  be  col- 
lected by  means  of  scientific  apparatus, 
and  printed  off. 

Scott,  T.  J.,  an  American  missionary, 
residing  at  Bareily,  India,  in  1809  pub- 
lished an  account  of  the  ''Music  of  Hin- 
dustan.^' 

Scott,  Thomas,  a  celebrated  Border 
bagpiper  from  1733  to  1810;  lived  at 
Monklaw;  Sir  Walter  Scott  says,  "he 
was  a  famous  musician;  on  his  death- 
bed, Jan.  27,  1823,  in  the  ninetieth  year 
of  his  life,  he  desired  his  son  James  to 
play  one  of  his  favorite  tunes,  that  he 
might  be  sure  the  son  knew  it ;  after- 
wards he  hummed  it  over  himself,  cor- 
recting his  son  in  several  parts  of  it." 

Scottish  Harp,  an  instrument  much 
used  by  the  Scotch ;  it  was  introduced 
from  Ireland ;  and  many  of  the  High- 
land harpers  became  celebrated  per- 
formers. 

Scottish  Harpers  were  generally 
composers ;  and  they  acquired  great  pro- 
ficiency in  the  use  of  the  harp,  and,  as 
performers,  were  little  if  at  all  inferior 
to  the  Irish  and  Welsh. 


cr\^  , 


136 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFOliMATION. 


Scottish  Music.  The  Scotch  scale, 
being  different  from  that  of  other  na- 
tions, gives  a  peculiarity  to  their  music. 
This  people  were  celebrated  for  their 
compositions,  and  as  performers  upon 
the  harp  and  the  bagpipe;  they  omit 
the  chromatic  degrees.  The  Scots  have 
been,  from  the  beginning  of  their  his- 
tory, celebrated  for  musical  genius ;  the 
Scottish  minstrels  were  much  superior 
to  the  English  ;  their  music  is  peculiar, 
and  has  commanded  high  esteem ;  there 
is  much  beavity  and  simplicity  in  their 
melodies ;  and  their  scale  resembles  the 
enharmonic  of  the  Greeks,  used  by  the 
Egyptians  and  other  Eastern  nations, 
but  is  not  the  same. 

ScKiBE,  Eugene,  born  at  Paris,  1791 ; 
a  most  prolific  and  successful  dramatic 
writer;  was  associated  with  Auber, 
Donizetti,  Halevy,  Meyerbeer,  and  Ver- 
di; was  author  of  300  vaudevilles,  100 
comedies,  and  100  operas ;  also  of  comic 
operas,  ballets,  dramas,  and  novels; 
died  in  Paris,  1861,  aged  70. 

ScROFF,  a  composer  and  critic,  some- 
what noted  in  Russia  for  his  writings, 
composed  two  or  three  operas;  died 
1871 ;  his  works  are  of  a  national  char- 
acter. 

Scull,  Benjamin  F.,  author  of  sev- 
eral musical  compositions,  sacred  and 
secular;  died  at  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  1869. 

Sea  Shells.  An  instrument  made 
from  sea-shells  was  invented  by  Mr. 
Freberhuyser,  of  Albany,  N.Y.,  1840;  it 
is  so  contrived  with  keys  and  valves  as 
to  be  capable  of  being  used  in  con- 
certs. 

Sebastiani,  Claudius,  organist  at 
Metz,  published  in  1.553  a  singular  work, 
entitled  "Bellum  musicale,  inter  plani  et 
mensuralis  canius  reges,  de  principatu 
in  musicce  provinclce  obtinendo  conten- 
dentes.^^ 

Sebastiani,  di  Albano,  P.  L.,  an 
Italian  ecclesiastic  and  musical  writer, 
died  at  Rome  in  1809;  published,  1789, 
^^Elements  of  the  Theory  of  Music, ^^  and 
at  Venice  in  1802,  'Mn  Easy  and  Sure 
Method  of  Composing  Fugues J^ 

Secular  Music  in  parts,  1185,  is 
earlier  found  among  the  English  annals 
than  in  any  other  records  existing;  that 
country  was  renowned  for  music  before 
German  genius  suspected  its  own  riches. 

Sechter,  Simon,  one  of  the  learned 
contrapuntists  of  this  century,  enjoyed 
much  reputation  as  a  teacher  and  com- 
poser; his  works  number  eighty;  was 


court-organist  and  professor  at  the  Vi- 
enna Conservatory ;  died  October,  1867, 
aged  79. 

Seguin,  Arthur  Edward  Sheldon, 
born  in  London,  1808;  having  gained 
the  honors  of  the  Academy,  appeared, 
1831,  at  the  Queen's  Theatre;  became  a 
popular  favorite  at  the  Opera  House; 
came  to  this  country  1838,  and  appeared 
in  New  York;  subsequently  visited  the 
principal  cities  of  the  United  States; 
died  at  New  York,  Dec.  11, 1852,  aged  44. 

Seguin,  Elizabeth,  Baroness  Boy- 
eska,  born  in  London,  1815;  became 
famous  as  a  singer  before  appearing  in 
opera;  married  Baron  Boyeska,  1838, 
from  whose  estate  came  the  name  Pa- 
repa ;  her  husband  dying,  she  began  her 
public  career  as  a  singer,  1841,  appearing 
in  Italy,  Spain,  and  other  countries; 
was  the  mother  of  Parepa-Rosa ;  died  in 
London,  1870,  aged  55. 

Seguin,  Mrs.,  a  London,  England, 
singer,  known  as  Miss  Childe,  came 
with  her  husband  to  this  country,  1838 ; 
was  thoroughly  educated,  and  made  de- 
cided improvement  in  the  States;  left 
the  stage  1852,  and  has  since  been  a 
music-teacher  in  New  York. 

Seguin,  Zelda,  contralto ;  known  as 
an  opera-singer  throughout  the  States. 

Seidenburg,  Madame,  who  gave 
concerts  with  Ole  Bull,  in  Europe,  in 
1852,  came  to  New  York  for  the  Sontag 
opera  there. 

Seiler,  Emma,  born  in  Germany; 
came  to  this  country,  and  settled  in 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  as  a  teacher  of 
music;  published  there,  in  1869,  '^  The 
Voice  in  Singing ^ 

Selby,  organist  and  composer,  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  1780;  performed  at  King's 
Chapel,  April  23,  1782;  at  the  oratorio 
concert  when  George  Washington  vis- 
ited Boston,  Oct.  27, 1789 ;  composed  an 
original  anthem  for  this  occasion ;  at  a 
benefit-concert,  1772,  had  performed  a 
portion  of  an  opera,  and  an  anthem  in 
22  parts ;  was  assisted,  at  his  concerts, 
by  the  band  of  his  Majesty's  64th  Regi- 
ment. 

Seling,  Hans,  born  at  Prague,  1829 ; 
possessing  remarkable  talent  as  a  pian- 
ist and  composer,  became  celebrated  at 
Paris,  France,  1861;  died  at  Prague, 
May,  1862,  aged  33. 

Semicon,  an  ancient  musical  instru- 
ment of  the  harp  family,  having  thirty- 
five  strings. 

Sennefelder,  a  chorister  of  Munich, 


^yiy\/\A--unA^^y^^\A^ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION 


137 


who  copied  music  for  a  living ;  in  order 
to  lighten  the  labor  he  was  forced  to 
undergo,  finally  invented  lithography; 
twenty  years  after  the  invention,  he 
published  an  account  of  the  process; 
and  his  method  is  still  used  to  some 
extent  in  Germany. 

Sekingiii,  a  Hindoo  instrument  of 
the  violin  genus,  with  three  wire  strings, 
played  with  a  bow. 

Sermiento,  Salvator,  director  of 
the  Neapolitan  Chapel  Royal,  and  an 
operatic  composer  of  note,  died  July, 
1869,  aged  50. 

Seroff,  born  in  Russia,  wrote  much 
national  music ;  he  cultivated  music  as 
a  recreation ;  was  a  critical  writer,  and 
published  many  articles  in  the  "  Journal 
de  St.  Petersburg;  ^^  died  1871. 

Serpent,  a  wind-instrument  deriving 
its  name  from  its  form,  and  formerly 
much  used  in  military  bands. 

Servais,  AdriEN  F.,  born  at  Hal, 
near  Brussels,  June  7,  1807 ;  was  one  of 
the  most  notable  violoncellists  of  his 
time;  in  1835  went  to  London,  where 
he  also  became  celebrated  as  a  com- 
poser; in  1836  went  to  Paris;  gave  con- 
certs through  Germany,  and  went  to  St. 
Petersburg  1839 ;  in  1843  made  an  ex- 
tended concert-tour;  and  in  1848  was 
appointed  professor  at  the  Brussels  Con- 
servatory; died  at  Hal  Nov.  26,  1866, 
aged  59,  the  possessor  of  many  decora- 
tions. 

Severin,  John,  a  Scandinavian  com- 
poser, whose  symphonic  works  have 
been  introduced  in  this  country  by 
Theodore  Thomas,  has  acquired  fame 
in'Germany  as  a  writer  of  symphonies. 

Sewall,  Frank,  published  at  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  1867,  ''^Ilymns  with 
Tunes,^^  for  the  service  of  the  church. 

Seward,  Louis,  music-teacher,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  1873,  invented  "  The 
Objective  3fusical  Instructor,^ ^  involving 
the  use  of  movable  notes ;  it  consists  of 
a  long  white  board,  painted  with  black 
lines  to  represent  the  musical  staff,  and 
arranged  for  the  use  of  movable  notes. 
On  an  easel  affixed  to  the  wall,  or  sus- 
pended from  the  ceiling,  is  any  required 
length  of  this  objective  staff.  Sunk  into 
it  are  numerous  longitudinal  grooves, 
imperceptible  at  a  distance.  A  box  filled 
with  notes  of  all  kinds  and  value,  the 
various  clefs,  an  assortment  of  sharps 
and  flats,  rests,  bars,  dots,  &c.,  is  at 
hand.  Each  note  is  cast  of  rubber, 
metal,  or   is    of  wood   painted    black, 


some  two  or  three  inches  in  length,  and 
fitted  with  a  staple  which  slides  into 
the  longitudinal  groove  before  men-^' 
tioned ;  and  a  note,  any  note,  any  dot, 
any  rest,  any  character  of  music,  is 
hung  anywhere  on  the  board  |n  a 
twinkling.  Leger-Iines  are  pr(>vided, 
and  fit  in  their  respective  grooves, 
either  below  or  above  the  sta^ 

Seward,  Theodore  F\,  born  in 
Florida,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  Jan.  25,  1835; 
teacher  and  composer;  has  published 
several  collections  of  music  since  1860, 
assisted  by  Lowell  Mason  and  William 
B.  Bradbury,  New  York. 

Shalishim,  a  Syrian  instrument  like 
the  triangle;  the  rods  charged  with 
rings. 

Sharland,  J.  B.,  a  well-known 
teacher  of  music,  Boston,  Mass.,  has 
published  a  '■'■School  Chorus  Book,''''  and 
some  other  works,  and  written  some 
clever  compositions. 

Sharp,  Simeon,  of  London,  England, 
wrote  '■'Music,  a  Satire,''^  1824. 

SiiARPE,  Charles  K.,  an  accom- 
plished musical  amateur  of  Edinburgh, 
published,  1839,  the  musical  works  of 
Lord  Kelly  with  a  portrait  and  notes; 
died  October,  1851,  aged  71. 

Shaw,  O.  J.,  son  of  Oliver,  in  1851 
became  very  popular  as  a  teacher  and 
composer  at  Utica,  N.Y. ;  published 
several  hundreds  of  his  compositions; 
died  July,  1861. 

Shaw,  Oliver,  born  in  Middlebor- 
ough,  Mass.,  1779;  became  blind,  but 
continued  to  practise  and  compose 
music  during  life;  was  one  of  the  first 
members  of  the  Handel  and  Haydn 
Society,  Boston ;  taught  music,  formed 
a  society  in  Providence,  R.L,  of  which 
he  was  president  twenty-five  years ; 
wrote  many  beautiful  songs,  and  much 
music  for  the  church;  died  at  Provi- 
dence, Dec.  31,  1848,  aged  09. 

Shawm,  a  Hebrew  instrument  similar 
to  the  horn. 

Sheale,  Richard,  an  English  min- 
strel, was  the  preserver  of  the  heroic 
ballad  of  "■Chevy  Chase;''''  he  was  robbed 
of  his  money  on  Dunsmore  Heath,  but 
escaped  to  sing  for  the  last  time  this 
favorite  ballad  to  a  printer. 

Shell.  The  first  ancient  in  strument 
known;  second,  the  ram's  horn;  third, 
an  oaten  straw,  avena. 

Shelton,  C.T.,  of  New  Haven,  Conn., 
in  1873  had  constructed  an  '■'■Electro- 
Music  Reporter  j'  which  applies  electri- 


138 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


city  to  musical  instruments,  for  the 
purpose  of  recording  the  inspirations  of 
genius  in  musical  composition.  The 
recording  apparatus  is  similar  to  that 
used  in  Morse's  telegraph. 

SnEPARD,  ANNE,"born  in  Cowes,  Isle 
of  Wight;  wrote  '^Around  the  Throne  of 
God  in  Heaven  ;  "  died  1857. 

Shepakd,  Thomas,  was  an  English 
clergyman,  born  at  Towcaster,  near 
Northampton,  1G05 ;  became  a  Noncon- 
formist, and  was  consequently  obliged 
to  emigrate  to  New  England,  1634 ;  was 
settled  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  where  he 
died  Aug.  25,  l(i49,  aged  44  years. 

SiiEPiiEKD,  William,  musician,  of 
Bristo,  Scotland,  in  1796,  with  Nathaniel 
Gow,  carried  on  music-selling  in  Edin- 
burgh, and  published  two  collections  of 
dance-music  of  his  own  composition; 
died  Jan.  19,  1812. 

Sherman,  Rollin  H.,  born  in  Weth- 
ersfield,  Yt.,  March  10,  1832;  teacher  of 
music;  published  a  ^'Musical  Cate- 
chism,^^  and  ^"Mechanical  Exercises^^  for 
the  piano-forte,  1859. 

Sherwin,  William  Fisk,  born  in 
c^.  Ashfield,  Franlilin  Co.,  Mass.,  March  14, 
"  1826;  a  well-known  teacher  and  com- 
poser ;  also  a  popular  conductor  of  con- 
ventions. 

Sherwood,  E.  H.,  solo-pianist,  and 
author  of  many  popular  musical  com- 
positions, became  principal  of  the  To- 
wanda,  Penn.,  Musical  Institute,  1873. 

Shield,  William,  born  at  Smalwell, 
1754 ;  became  very  celebrated  as  a  com- 
poser ;  was  a  viola-player  at  Covent  Gar- 
den, London,  eighteen  years ;  he  then 
visited  Italy  and  France,  returning  in 
1792,  and  became  master  of  musicians ; 
his  works  are  very  numerous ;  died  in 
London,  Jan.  25,  1829.  Late  as  he  ap- 
peared, he  struck  out  for  himself  a 
style  of  writing,  pure,  chaste,  and 
original.  His  ^^Introduction  to  Ilar- 
mony,^^  a  volume  of  glees,  and  a  work 
on  thorough-bass,  are  yet  popular. 

Shophar,  a  silver  trumpet  made  by 
the  order  of  Moses;  also  made  of  a 
bent  horn. 

Shore,  Miss,  an  English  singer  of 
note ;  daughter  of  the  king's  trumpeter ; 
a  favorite  joupil  of  Purcell. 

Short  Hand,  or  abbreviated  nota- 
tion, was  first  used  by  the  immortal 
Handel,  as  his  rapid  imagination  could 
not  stop  to  lorite  out  its  fluent  fancies 
by  the  ordinary  method;  the  idea  has 
been  useful  to  composer  and  copyist. 


Shindler,  Mary  S.  B.,  born  at 
Beaufort,  S.  C. ;  author  of  '*  Southern 
Harp,^^  '■^Northern  Harp,''''  and  many 
songs  for  piano-forte  and  guitar:  her 
works,  some  of  them,  were  written  in 
the  name  of  Mary  S.  B.  Dana. 

Shultze,  William,  came  to  Boston, 
Mass.,  with  the  Germania  Musical  So- 
ciety as  leader,  1848;  it  was  the  best 
band  that  had  ever  visited  that  city,  and 
was  directed  by  Carl  Bergmann ;  since 
connected  with  the  Mendelssohn  Quin- 
tette Club. 

Shumway,  Nehemiah,  of  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  published,  1801,  "  The 
American  Harmony, ^^  a  book  of  two 
hundred  and  twenty  pages,  with  a  con- 
cise singers'  manual ;  some  of  the  tunes 
and  anthems  were  of  his  composition. 

Shuster,  Joseph,  a  German  com- 
poser, born  at  Dresden,  1748;  was  di- 
rector at  the  chapel  and  opera;  pub- 
lished a  large  number  of  compositions, 
and  died  1S\2. 

Shute,  George,  a  well-known  violin- 
ist and  composer,  died  at  Chicago,  111., 
May,  1856;  was  at  the  time  with  the 
Campbell  troupe. 

Siamese  Music.  The  Siamese  have 
several  rude  instruments;  the  leading 
one  resembling  the  hautboy,  one  the 
piano-forte,  and  several  that  are  in- 
tended to  represent  other  of  the  mod- 
ern instruments. 

Siccuma,  Abel,  B.  A.,  of  London, 
1836,  invented  the  ''Diatonic  Flute,''  in 
which  E  and  G  are  fingered  with  a  key 
instead  of  from  a  hole :  thus  the  tones 
are  equalized  throughout  the  instru- 
ment. 

SiEBER,  Madame,  widow  of  the 
celebrated  publisher,  and  mother  of 
the  composer,  died  in  Paris,  1852,  aged 
101. 

Side  Drum,  a  common  military 
drum. 

SiEDLER,  Caroline,  a  celebrated 
vocalist,  who  sang  in  the  first  perform- 
ance of  ''  Der  FreischUtz,''  died  1872. 

Siegert,  born  at  Ernsdorf,  May, 
1789;  became  a  singer  at  the  Breslau 
Theatre,  in  opera;  began  to  compose 
music  in  1816;  in  1847,  became  royal 
music-director;  his  compositions  were 
few,  but  were  excellent. 

SiLCHER,  F.,  a  well-known  composer 
of  songs,  some  of  which  enjoy  immense 
popularity  in  Germany,  died  September, 
1860. 

Silk  Strings  for  bow-instrumenta 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION 


139 


were  used  by  the  Hindoos,  Chinese, 
Arabs,  and  other  nations,  before  they 
were  introduced  in  Europe. 

SiME,  D.,  compiled  the  ^^  Edinburgh 
Musical  Miscellany,^*  a  collection  of 
songs,  and  some  other  musical  works, 
1792. 

SiMMS  (brothers),  Bishop,  James, 
Edward,  Ashburn,  Oakover,  Samuel, 
and  Henry,  all  musicians,  for  some 
time  travelled  with  their  father,  mother, 
and  two  sisters,  giving  concerts.  Their 
compositions,  sacred  and  secular,  are 
numerous. 

SIMMS,  John,  a  native  of  Strafford- 
shire,  England,  was  a  self-taught  manu- 
facturer of  instruments,  a  performer 
on  the  organ  and  violin,  and  a  tuner 
and  repairer.  Married  a  wife  who  was 
a  good  musician,  and  had  a  family  of 
eight  sons  and  two  daughters,  all  musi- 
cal. 

Simon,  Leonard  Fitz,  was  the  first 
stipendiary  organist  mentioned  in  Eng- 
land; was  organist  of  Trinity  College, 
Oxford,  1580,  at  a  salary  of  20s.  a  year. 

Simon,  Jules,  a  writer  on  music, 
connected  with  '■'■  V  Orpheon,''*  died  in 
Paris,  1869;  is  not  to  be  confounded 
with  the  political  economist. 

Simple  Madrigals  long  antedated 
the  opera,  and  were  for  voices  only. 

Simpson.  C.  Florence,  born  in  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.,  1809;  could  play  melo- 
dies which  she  had  heard,  upon  the 
piano-forte,  at  the  age  of  three  years; 
will  play  a  correct  bass  to  any  of  the 
melodies  she  hears. 

Simpson,  Christopher,  an  eminent 
English  musician,  born  1010;  was  a 
performer  on  instruments,  but  chiefly 
celebrated  for  his  many  works  upon  the 
subject  of  music;  in  his  '■'■Compendium 
of  Practical  Music,'*''  he  first  applies  the 
term  ^^  degrees**  to  the  lines  and  spaces, 
1667. 

Simpson,  Daniel,  drummer  for  the 
Ancient  and  Honorable  Artillery  Com- 
pany of  Boston,  Mass  ,  played  for  sixty- 
three  years  without  missing  a  parade; 
the  fifer,  Si.  Smith,  played  with  Simp- 
son fifty-eight  years ;  the  latter  died  in 
1875. 

Simrock,  a  music-publisher  of  Bonn, 
whose  name  has  been  remarked  on  so 
much  foreign  music,  died  Dec.  13,  1808, 
aged  76. 

SiNA,  a  member  of  the  Schuppan- 
zigh  Quartet  at  Vienna  during  the 
lifetime   of  Beethoven;  received  from 


Paganlni  the  present  of  a  violin  and 
gold  snuff-box,  on  which  was  a  portrait 
of  the  great  violinist ;  died  at  Boulogne, 
France,  1859. 

Sinclair,  John,  born  near  Edin- 
burgh, 1790,  became  a  singer  at  the  Lon- 
don theatres,  1810;  went  to  Paris  1819, 
and  to  Italy  1821 ;  had  an  opera  writ- 
ten for  him  by  Rossini ;  after  singing  in 
all  the  principal  countries  of  Europe, 
came  to  this  country  1830,  and  for 
some  time  gave  concerts  here;  died  in 
London,  Sept.  22,  1857.  His  daughter 
married  Edwin  Forrest  the  tragedian, 
and  appeared  soon  after  in  London. 

Sing  and  Fiddle.  When  the  bass- 
viol,  or  "  big  fiddle,"  as  it  was  called, 
was  introduced  into  church,  the  holy 
men  and  the  clergy  opposed  it,  on  the 
groimd  that  tlie  human  voice  was  the 
divinest  of  all  instruments ;  but  the 
singers  introduced  the  viol,  and  the 
minister  rose  and  said,  "The  brethren 
will,  if  they  please,  sing  and  fiddle  the 
Thirty-ninth  Psalm." 

Singer,  Otto,  born  in  Dresden,  Ger- 
many, 1835 ;  became  conductor  of  opera 
there;  came  to  this  country  1808,  and 
settled  in  New  York  as  a  music-teacher; 
was  drill-master  for  the  chorus  at  the 
Cincinnati  Festival,  May,  1873,  and  is 
known  as  a  composer. 

Singing  in  the  churches  of  Scotland 
occupies  an  important  place;  generally 
there  is  no  organ  or  instrumental  music, 
except  in  some  of  the  city  churches, 
and  the  singing  is  performed  by  the 
whole  congregation  seated ;  the  music 
is  such  as  was  used  in  1050  to  1781; 
and  these  tunes  have  been  sung  from 
age  to  age  in  public  and  in  family  wor- 
ship. 

Singing  at  Sight.  Affilard,  1700. 
Paris,  France. 

Singing  by  Note,  when  first  intro- 
duced, was  met  by  the  following  objec- 
tions :  It  was  a  new  way,  an  unknown 
tongue,  not  so  melodious  as  the  old 
way ;  it  caused  good  men  to  be  disor- 
derly;  was  popish;  would  cause  the  use 
of  instruments  ;  was  blasphemous ;  was 
only  a  contrivance  to  get  money ;  and 
kept  young  people  from  the  proper  influ- 
ence of  the  family. 

Singing  from  Notes.  This  art  was 
known  in  1523,  as  Pietro  Aaron,  of 
Florence,  gives  a  list  of  such  extraordi- 
nanj  performers  as  were  able  to  sing 
from  notes  at  that  time. 

Singing  in  Public  Worship  was 


140 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


partially  discontinued  during  the  times 
of  persecution,  and  consequently  was 
so  badly  performed  when  attempted, 
that  people  of  culture  formed  a  distaste 
for  it ;  and  hence  arose  the  controversy 
whether  singing  was  a  Christian  duty 
to  be  observed. 

Singing-Master's  Assistant;  or. 
Key  to  Practical  Music;  engraved  by 
Benjamin  Pierpont,  June,  1778,  104 
pages;  published  in  Boston,  Mass.,  by 
Draper  &  Folsom. 

Singing  Societies  were  formed  in 
this  country  as  early  as  1720. 

Sirens.  Sea-nymphs  who  enchanted 
the  listeners  to  their  songs ;  but  Orpheus 
surpassed  them  in  singing,  and  they 
became  rocks:  they  had  also  been 
beaten  in  a  musical  contest  with  the 
Muses. 

SiRMEN,  LuDOVico,  chapcl-mastcr 
at  Bergamo:  six  violin  trios  of  his 
composition  were  published  at  Paris  in 
1769. 

SiRMEN,  MADDALENA   LOMBARDINI, 

a  celebrated  female  singer,  violinist,  and 
composer;  in  1782  she  was  principal 
singer  at  the  court  of  Dresden;  visited 
England  and  Paris,  where  her  perform- 
ances were  highly  applauded.  She  com- 
posed much  violin  music,  a  great  part 
of  which  was  published  at  Amster- 
dam. 

SiSTRA,  a  class  of  brass  instruments 
made  in  various  forms,  with  rings  upon 
bars,  held  upright  and  shaken. 

SiSTRUM,  a  brass  or  silver  hoop  fixed 
to  the  top  of  a  long  metal  rod ;  across 
the  hoop  were  stretched  three  metal 
rods,  passing  through  holes,  on  which 
hung  many  rings;  and  a  slight  shake 
produced  a  musical  jingle  of  all. 

SivoRi,  Camillo,  born  in  Genoa, 
June  6,  1817;  became  celebrated  as  a 
violinist,  and  made  the  tour  of  France 
and  England  when  ten  years  old;  re- 
ceived the  present  of  a  violin  from 
Paganini;  came  to  America  in  1846, 
and  performed  with  Herz  the  pianist 
in  many  large  cities,  and  then  went  to 
London. 

Skeffington,  T.  C,  author  of  the 
^^ Handy  Book  of  Musical  Art,''  Lon- 
don, England,  1858;  wrote  also  some 
psalmody. 

Skeleton  Automaton.  A  figure 
having  the  shape  of  a  liuman  skeleton 
was  constructed  in  the  17th  century,  by 
one  Alix,  which,  by  means  of  concealed 
mechanism,    played    upon  the  guitar, 


moving  its  wooden  fingers  as  if  exe- 
cuting the  music. 

Skeleton  Guitarist,  automaton, 
invented  by  Alix,  in  Provence,  1650. 

Skene,  John,  of  Hallyards,  was  the 
original  proprietor  or  compiler  of  the 
famous  '*  Skene  Manuscript,''  105 
tunes,  1620;  died  1644. 

Skene,  Robert,  author  of  "  The  Coji- 
cordia,"  a  collection  of  sacred  music, 
with  choice  and  original  tunes,  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  1861 ;  415  pp. 

Slatyr,  William,  in  the  sixteenth 
century  published  a  collection  of 
"  Christmas  Carols." 

Slavic  Music  of  Russia.  The  old- 
est records  of  the  Slaves  refer  to  their 
love  of  music,  and  to  the  plaintive  melo- 
dies with  which  they  lulled  themselves 
to  sleep  in  their  camps  of  war.  "  Wher- 
ever a  Slavic  woman  is,"  says  a  Russian 
writer,  "  there  is  also  song."  Their 
ballads  tell  of  lovers  and  of  heroes ;  and 
the  same  story  and  music  may  have 
charmed  their  ancestors  for  genera- 
tions, yet  the  words  and  airs  have  never 
been  committed  to  writing. 

Sloman,  Jane,  published  in  New 
York,  1850,  "  The  Melodist,"  for  the  use 
of  female  seminaries;  the  work  con- 
tains a  number  of  the  compositions  of 
this  lady. 

Smart,  Sir  George,  born  in  Lon- 
don, Eng  ,  May  10,  1776;  was  present  at 
the  Handelian  Commemorations  of  1784, 
1785,  1786,  and  1791;  he  directed  the 
music  at  the  coronation  of  William  IV. 
and  Queen  Victoria;  in  1811  he  was 
knighted ;  he  was  one  of  the  founders 
of  the  London  Philharmonic  Society  in 
1813;  the  renowned  composer.  Von 
Weber,  died  in  his  house  in  1826;  in 
1827  he  was  chairman  of  the  banquet 
to  the  celebrated  pianist  and  composer, 
Clementi,  the  teacher  of  Meyerbeer ;  in 
1836  he  conducted  the  Manchester  Fes- 
tival, during  the  progress  of  which 
Malibran  died;  he  gave  lessons  both 
upon  the  piano-forte  and  in  singing,  but 
had  the  greatest  repute  in  the  latter; 
among  his  pupils  were  Sontag  and  Jenny 
Lind ;  he  continued  giving  instructions 
till  he  was  80;  and  in  1867,  at  the  age  of 
91,  full  of  well-earned  honors,  passed 
away  from  the  scene  of  his  labors. 

Smidt,  a.  L.  C,  born  in  Brunswick, 
Germany,  1770 ;  was  a  celebrated  violin- 
maker;  down  to  the  time  of  his  death, 
for  more  than  thirty  years,  he  con- 
structed, on  the  average,  one  a  week, 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOK 


141 


with  his  own  hands;  his  instruments 
were  prized  by  German  orchestras  for 
evenness  of  tone ;  died  March  26,  1835, 
aged  65. 

Smith,  Benjamin,  born  in  Needham, 
Mass.,  1764,  entered  tlie  army  as  a  fifer 
at  the  age  of  16,  and  played  that  instru- 
ment until  the  close  of  the  war,  when 
he  settled  at  Grafton. 

Smith,  Charles,  born  in  London, 
1786;  was  remarkable  as  a  child  on 
account  of  his  ability  to  sing  and  play; 
performed  much  in  public;  became  a 
concert-singer,  and  travelled  more  or 
less  for  some  years,  and  became  famous 
as  a  composer;  wrote  much  for  the 
London  theatres;  sang  in  oratorios; 
married  in  1815,  and  accepted  a  lucra- 
tive situation  in  Liverpool. 

Smith,  Dexter,  born  in  Peabody, 
Mass.,  Nov._  14,  1839;  poet,  musician, 
and  composer;  has  written  many  popu- 
lar songs,  both  words  and  music,  but  is 
more  known  as  a  poet,  and  editor  of 
musical  publications ;  is  now  the  editor 
and  proprietor  of  '^Dexter  SmlWs 
Paper, ^^  IBoston,  Mass. 

Smith,  Dr.  William,  born  in  Scot- 
land, 1754;  came  to  this  country  1785; 
published  a  ^' Book  of  Chants,^'  called 
the  Churchman's  Choral  Companion, 
1809 ;  introduced  chanting  and  singing  of 
anthems  in  America  at  New  York,  1813 ; 
built  several  small  organs,  which  had 
wooden  pipes  made  of  cedar,  ranging 
about  four  octaves ;  died  in  New  York, 
April  6,  1821,  aged  69. 

Smith,  Geo.  D.,  born  at  Wayne, 
Maine,  Dec.  20,  1834;  has  been  a 
teacher  of  the  piano-forte  and  har- 
mony, at  Rockland,  since  1856;  author 
of  some  church  music. 

Smith,  George,  of  London,  England, 
published,  1860,  his  lectures  on  church 
music. 

Smith,  Henry,  published,  1841,  at 
Chambersburg,  Penn.,  "  The  Church 
Harmony, ^^  304  pages,  also  a  "  Musical 
Primer.^' 

Smith,  Henry,  a  singer,  in  London, 
England,  1846,  became  famous  as  an 
imitator  of  Henry  Russell,  drawing  full 
houses  by  singing  the  songs  of  that 
celebrated  ballad-writer;  so  great  was 
the  desire  to  patronize  this  poor  but 
talented  artist,  that  Russell  found  it 
necessary  to  procure  an  injunction  of 
restraint. 

Smith,  J.  Wesley,  bom  in  Durham, 
C(mn. ;   connected    with    music   from 


childhood;  became  well  known  as  a 
counter-tenor  singer  and  excellent 
flutist,  while  with  the  "  Smith  Family,'" 
—  father,  mother,  four  sons,  and 
three  daughters,  —  afterwards  known 
as  ^^JEolian  Minstrels"  and  ^^ American 
Vocalists ;"  Mr.  Smith  was  the  origi- 
nator of  the  continental  companies  in 
the  costume  of  the  patriots  of  1776. 

Smith,  Jerome,  a  well  known  band- 
master of  Sakm,  Mass.,  died  Nov.  7, 
1854. 

Smith,  John,  of  Dublin,  Ireland, 
published  a  "  Treatise  on  the  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Music,"  1853. 

Smith,  Josiah,  of  Lexington,  Mass., 
commenced  playing  the  fife  in  public 
at  the  age  of  eleven  years,  and  was  still 
a  fifer  at  the  age  of  68;  has  always  been 
connected  with  some  band;  died  1875. 

Smith,  Mrs.  H.  M.,  a  well-known 
Boston  vocalist,  was  born  in  Wethers- 
field,  Vt.,  and  became  known  as  a  singer 
when  Miss  Greenwood ;  since  her  mar- 
riage has  resided  in  Boston. 

Smith,  Mrs.  M.  F.  H.,  published  some 
music  at  New  York,  1867;  also  the 
"  Sparkling  Stream,"  and  "  Temperance 
Melodies." 

Smith,  Robert  Archibald,  born  at 
Reading,  Nov.  18,  1780;  in  1812  went  to 
Edinburgh,  as  teacher  of  music;  pub- 
lished the  "  Scottish  Minstrel,"  1821, 
and  various  other  works ;  wrote  many 
melodies  and  songs ;  died  at  Edinburgh, 
Jan.  3,  1829,  aged  49. 

Smith,  Thomas  F.,  of  London,  pub- 
lished ''  The  Devout  Chorister "  and 
other  musical  works,  1849. 

Smith,  William,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  1798,  assisted  William  Little  in 
publishing  "  The  Ea^  Instructor;  "  was 
a  teacher  of  music. 

Snegasius,  Cyriacus,  published  at 
Oxford,  in  1590,  a  tract  upon  harmonics, 
or  the  use  of  the  monochord,  an  instru- 
ment for  measuring  and  ascertaining 
the  proportions  of  sounds  by  a  single 
string. 

Snyder,  William  B.,  and  W.  L. 
Chapell,  of  Cincinnati,  O.,  pub- 
lished, 1831,  '*  The  Western  Lyre,"  184 
pages,  to  which  was  added  a  supple- 
ment, in  1835,  of  40  pages. 

SoBOLEWSKi,  Edward,  born  in  Ko- 
nigsberg,  Prussia,  Oct.  1,  1804;  con- 
ductor of  music  at  Konigsberg,  Prussia, 
and  at  Bremen;  came  to  this  country 
1859,  and  settled  in  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
where  he  produced  a  musical  drama. 


142 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


*'  Mohega;^^  died  at  St.  Louis,  July, 
1872. 

SoBOLEWSKi,  Miss,  a  concert-singer, 
daughter  of  Edward,  came  to  America 
with  a  European  reputation  as  an  artist, 
and  appeared  in  opera,  1860. 

SociETE  DEs  Concerts,  founded  at 
Paris,  France,  Feb.  15,  1828;  gives  ten 
or  more  concerts  annually. 

Society  of  British  Musicians, 
formed  1834,  and  consisted  of  three 
hundred  professional  members. 

SoDi,  a  Parisian  harpist  and  dramatic 
composer,  brought  out  several  operettas 
at  the  Theatre  Italienne,  between  the 
years  1753  and  1760. 

SoECK  Pipe  ;  same  as  the  bagpipe. 

Soerensen,  Johann,  was  born  at 
Holstein  in  1767;  published  much  ad- 
mired vocal  music,  in  the  North  of  Ger- 
many, since  the  year  1796. 

Sola,  Charles  M.  A,  born  at  Turin, 
1786 ;  was  flutist  at  the  theatre ;  volun- 
teered as  musician  in  the  army  for  four 
years;  wrote  an  opera  1816;  went  to 
London,  and  became  known  by  his  com- 
positions, vocal  and  instrumental. 

Solemn  Feasts,  called  Adonia,  were 
celebrated  with  musical  lamentations, 
and  date  back  to  the  days  of  Moses, 
and  the  slaughter  of  the  first-born. 

Solo  Singing  was  unknown,  even 
up  to  the  sixteenth  century.  All  the 
speeches  of  single  characters  were  sung 
in  the  form  of  madrigals  by  persons  be- 
hind the  scenes.  There  was  a  curious 
play  of  this  period,  wherein  a  servant 
accidentally  pulls  the  spigot  out  of  a 
wine-cask,  and  lets  the  liquor  out.  The 
master  and  servant  grope  on  the  floor, 
berating  each  other  in  five-part  har- 
mony, until  the  unlucky  spigot  is  found. 
It  was  toward  the  middle  of  the  six- 
teenth century  that  a  composer  con- 
ceived the  idea  of  giving  the  highest 
part  of  a  madrigal  to  be  sung  by  a  single 
voice,  and  the  other  parts  to  be  per- 
.formed  on  instruments.  But  this  was 
not  like  the  aria  system  of  the  present 
day.  The  melody  had  no  beauty  of  its 
own  disjoined  from  the  accompaniment. 

Somerset,  Lord,  invented,  1649,  a 
violin  with  eight  strings,  which  in  the 
hands  of  a  master  produced  grand 
effects. 

SoNTAG,  Henrietta,  born  at  Cob- 
lentz.  May  13,  1805 ;  made  her  debut  at 
Darmstadt,  in  opera,  at  the  age  of  six 
years ;  became  famous  in  Europe ;  mar- 
ried, and  retired  from  the  stage  for  nearly 


twenty  years,  when  she  returned,  and, 
after  a  brilliant  success  in  Paris,  Lon- 
don, &c.,  came  to  the  United  States, 
1852;  after  giving  concerts  in  the  prin- 
cipal cities,  she  went  to  Mexico,  and 
died  in  that  city  June  18;  1854.  J  y 

Sound.  A  locomotive  whistle  can  be  / 
heard  3,300  yards,  or  nearly  two  miles ; 
the  noise  of  the  railway  train,  2,800 
yards ;  the  bark  of  a  dog,  or  the  report 
of  a  musket,  1,000  yards;  the  roll  of  a 
drum,  1,600  yards;  the  human  voice 
1,000  yards.  If  interrupted  by  obstacles 
of  sufficient  extent  and  regularity,  sound 
is  reflected,  and  produces  an  echo. 

Southard,  L.  H.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  be- 
came known  1846,  as  an  organist,  pianist, 
and  director  of  music;  soon  after,  as 
a  composer,  and  publisher  of  music- 
books;  produced  two  or  three  operas, 
and  in  1855  *'J.  New  Course  of  Har- 
mony,^^  and  other  works;  has  received 
the  degree  of  doctor  of  music. 

South  Sea  Islanders.  They  use 
bamboo  flutes  having  only  two  holes, 
giving  four  tones :  they  blow  them  from 
the  nostrils.  Dancers  keep  time  by 
snapping  the  fingers. 

Southwell,  William,  of  Dublin,  in 
1800  increased  the  dimensions  of  the 
piano-forte  "sounding-board,"  and  in- 
vented the  damper  since  in  general  use. 

Spagnoletti,  Pietro,  born  at  Cre- 
mona, 1768;  after  visiting  all  Italy  went 
to  London,  a  violinist;  one  of  the  foun- 
ders of  the  Philharmonic  Society,  1813, 
and  was  leader  of  the  orchestra  at  the 
King's  Theatre;  died  Sept.  14,  1834. 

Spanish  Music.  This  people  delight 
in  romance;  their  music  is  pleasing, 
especially  their  serenades  and  dance- 
music.  The  guitar  is  generally  used  to 
accompany  the  voice. 

Speaight,  James  G.,  was  born  in 
London,  England,  1866;  was  bright, 
vivacious,  and  possessed  of  such  won- 
derful powers  as  a  musician  that  he  had 
been  exhibited  as  a  child  violinist ;  came 
to  this  country  with  his  father  1872; 
Was  then  able  to  play  solos  with  pre- 
cision and  skill,  and  had  conducted  an 
orchestra  many  times;  died  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  Jan.  10,  1874. 

Speaking-Machine,  invented  by  M. 
Faber  of  Freiburg ;  capable  of  singing. 

Spectacle,  or  Eye-Glass  Notes, 
are  those  called  brillen-bassen,  struck  in 
rapidly  reiterated  quarter-notes. 

Spencer,  Charles  C,  Mus.  Doc, 
London,  England,  wrote  several  musical 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


143 


works  of  value,  on  composition,  playing 
the  piano-forte,  and  the  theory  of  music, 
from  1840  to  1850. 

Spezia,  Maria,  a  prima  donna  at  La 
Scala,  made  her  appearance  in  London, 
1857. 

Spinet,  a  stringed  instrument  for- 
merly much  in  use,  somewhat  like  the 
harpsichord. 

Spiritual  Madrigals  were  origin- 
ally adapted  to  sacred  words,  and  the 
music  resembled  that  written  for  the 
church;  tliey  were  written  for  voices 
only. 

Spofforth,  Reginald, born  at  South- 
well, England,  1769;  in  1793  received 
the  prize  from  the  Catch  Club,  London; 
in  1797  wrote  for  Covent  Garden;  in 
1797  directed  the  Bowman's  Lodge  So- 
ciety, and  commenced  teaching  music; 
wrote  a  large  number  of  glees;  died 
September,  1827,  aged  57. 

Spontini,  Gaspard,  born  at  Jesi, 
in  the  Roman  states,  Nov.  14,  1778; 
began  to  compose  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen years ;  wrote  some  fifteen  success- 
ful operas  for  the  Italian  theatres,  and 
went  to  Paris  1804,  where  he  continued 
to  compose  for  the  academy  many 
years ;  died  in  Majolati,  near  Jesi,  Feb. 
24,  1851.  p 

Spoiir,|Ludwig]  Louis,  concert-mas- 
ter, violinTst,  and'  composer;  born  at 
Brunswick,  April  5,  1784 ;  at  the  age  of 
thirteen  years  was  a  musician  in  Chapel 
Royal  at  Brunswick ;  became  celebrated 
in  Saxony  and  Prussia;  went  to  Eng- 
land 1820 ;  was  not  only  a  great  violinist, 
but  a  composer  of  religious,  dramatic, 
vocal,  and  instrumental  music;  cele- 
brated for  his  operas  and  his  "  Violin 
School;^'  died  at  Btttnowick,  Oct.  22, 
1859.  C^Uo^<A^ 

Sporle,  celebrated  in  London,  Eng- 
land, as  a  dinner-singer,  and  as  a  com- 
poser of  ballad-music ;  died  March,  1853. 

Stade,  Franz,  first  violin,  1760,  in 
the  chapel  of  the  Landgrave  of  Hesse- 
Cassel ;  much  of  his  violin-music  was 
published  at  Paris,  1780. 

Stafford,  W.  C,  of  London,  Eng- 
land, wrote  and  published  a  valuable 
*^  History  of  Music,''  one  small  volume. 

Staggins,  Nicholas,  became  com- 
poser to  Charles  II. ;  admitted  to  the 
degree  of  doctor  in  music,  1644;  com- 
posed some  music. 

Stainer,  or  Steiner,  Jacob,  bom  at 
Absom,  1620;  a  violin-maker  whose  in- 
Btruments,  after  his  deatl ,  were  highly 


valued ;  most  of  his  violins  were  dated 
from  1650  to  1667.  See  Amati  and 
Stradivarius. 

Stamaty,  M.  Camille,  celebrated 
in  France  as  a  pianist,  composer,  and 
teacher;  was  the  son  of  the  French 
consul ;  died  at  Paris,  April,  1870. 

Stammers,  Joseph,  seventy  years  of 
age,  an  Englishman,  composed  the 
stirring  hymn,  "  Breast  the  wave,  Chris- 
tian.'' 

Standbridge,  John  C.  B.,  a  native 
of  Birmingham,  England,  came  to  this 
country  in  childhood;  became  an  organ- 
ist and  composer,  and  finally  an  organ- 
builder,  taking  rank  with  the  best  in  the 
country;  he  made  Philadelphia,  Penn., 
his  home,  and  died  there  Dec.  14,  1871, 
aged  70. 

Standbridge,  J.  H.  C.,,son  of  the 
organ-builder,  of  Philadelphia,  Penn., 
with  W.  H.  W.  Darley,  published  1844 
'^Cantus  Ecclesice,"  a  collection  of  music 
highly  esteemed. 

Standing  up  to  sing  is  of  ancient 
origin;  the  Bible  informs  us  that  the 
singers  and  musicians  stood  when  they 
performed  in  the  temple  service,  and  so 
did  the  people ;  the  Puritans  performed 
their  singing  standing;  it  was  their 
highest  devotional  act. 

Stanley,  John,  born  1713;  became 
blind  at  the  age  of  two  years ;  became 
organist  at  St.  Andrews,  1726,  and  was 
remarkable  for  his  voluntaries ;  was 
master  of  the  king's  band,  superin- 
tended the  oratorio  performances,  and 
composed  several  works;  died  May  20, 
1786,  aged  73. 

Starbird,  Anna,  in  1873  organized  a 
concert  company,  and  travelled  through 
the  States,  British  Provinces,  and  Can- 
ada. 

Star-Spangled  Banner,  written 
by  F.  S.  Key,  1814;  the  words  were 
adapted  to  English  music  by  F.  Durang, 
of  Baltimore,  Md. ;  the  song  was  first 
printed  by  B.  Ides  of  Baltimore,  and 
first  sung  by  F.  Durang,  at  Baltimore, 
in  a  house  near  the  Holiday  Theatre. 

States,  Agatha,  born  in  Dublin, 
Ireland,  1841 ;  came  to  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  with  her  parents  when  young; 
became  known  as  principal  vocalist  of 
the  Alleghanians ;  married  Sig.  Orlan- 
dini;  sang  in  most  of  the  Italian  cities, 
and  in  opera  at  New  York  1868 ;  made 
several  starring  tours  in  the  United 
States,  Mexico,  South  America,  and 
Australia;  returned  to  California  1873; 


144 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


and  died  at  New  York,  Sept.  4, 1874,  aged 
33,  leaving  one  son  and  one  daughter. 

Staudigl,  Joseph,  born  at  Wollen- 
dorf ,  in  Lower  Austria,  April  14,  1807  ; 
early  became  celebrated  as  a  German 
basso ;  his  voice  was  powerful  and  ex- 
tensive ;  excelled  as  an  oratorio-singer 
more  than  in  opera ;  became  hopelessly- 
insane,  and  died  March  28,  1861. 

Steam  Organ  invented  by  James 
Burkett,  Ovingham,  England,  1835.  See 
BuRKETT,  also  Stoddard. 

Steffani,  Agostino,  born  at  Cas- 
tello-Franco,  in  the  territory  of  Venice, 
1655 ;  became  celebrated  as  a  musician, 
singer,  and  composer ;  was  president  of 
the  Academy  of  Ancient  Music,  London, 
1724 ;  died  at  Frankfort,  1730. 

Steffy,  Hans,  published  at  Winches- 
ter, Va.,  1839,  ''The  Valley  Harmonist;' 
168  pages  ;  an  appendix  was  added,  1840, 
of  50  pages. 

Steibelt,  Daniel,  born  at  Berlin, 
1755 ;  became  celebrated  as  a  manufac- 
turer of  piano-fortes ;  resided  in  London 
and  in  Paris;  was  a  good  performer 
and  composer;  in  1799  became  chapel- 
master;  and  died  at  St.  Petersburg, 
in  1823,  where  he  had  produced  some 
operas. 

Steinway,  Henry, born  in  the  Duchy 
of  Brunswick,  Germany,  Feb.  15,  1797 ; 
in  early  boyhood  made  musical  instru- 
ments for  his  own  use,  and  when  young 
learned  the  organ  factory  business;  in 
1849  sent  his  son  Charles  to  this  country 
to  investigate  the  prospect  of  piano- 
making;  in  1850  the  family  came  and 
settled  in  New  York,  where  he  and  four 
sons,  in  1853,  became  known  as  piano- 
forte manufacturers,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Steinway  &  Sons.  Henry,  jun., 
died  March  11,  1865;  Charles  died  in 
Brunswick,  March  31,  1865,  of  typhoid 
fever ;  and  Theodore,  who  had  remained 
in  the  German  house,  came  to  the  firm 
in  this  country  soon  after ;  Henry,  liead 
of  the  house,  died  in  New  York,  Feb.  7, 
1871,  aged  74. 

Stenhouse,  W.,  brought  out  an  ex- 
tensive and  very  valuable  work  at  Edin- 
burgh, Scotland,  ''Illustrations  of  Lyric 
Poetry  and  Music  of  Scotland^'  royal 
octavo. 

Step  and  Half-Step.  Terms  intro- 
duced by  professors  of  psalmody,  in  place 
of  **tone"  and  ''semitone,"  on  the  sup- 
position that  the  scale  is  a  ladder,  or  col- 
lection of  steps. 

Sternhold,  Thomas,  an  officer  of 


Edward  VL,  born  in  Hampshire,  Eng- 
land, 1480;  is  chiefly  known  as  con- 
nected with  J.  Hopkins  in  collecting 
"The  Whole  Book  of  Psalms''  into  Eng- 
lish metre,  under  the  title  of  Sternhold 
&  Hopkins,  which,  with  the  music  "  to 
sing  them  withal,"  has  been  more  used 
than  any  other  version  ever  published ; 
died  1549. 

Sterry,  John  A.,  born  at  Norwich, 
Conn.,  1834 ;  organist  and  composer ; 
was  editor  of  "The  Continental  Glee- 
Book,''  author  of  several  quartets, 
songs,  and  pieces  of  sacred  music. 

Stevens,  a  famous  organ-builder  of 
East  Cambridge,  yet  in  the  business ; 
firm  name  Stevens  &  Jewett,  Boston, 
Mass. 

Stevens,  C.  W.,  published  in  Boston, 
Mass.,  1860,  a  collection  of  "American 
College  Songs,"  with  piano-forte  accom- 
paniments. 

Stevens,  I.  Augustus,  bom  in 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  1833,  an  amateur 
musician  of  high  attainments,  and 
flutist;  died  July  19,  1874,  aged  41. 

Stevens,  Tinody,  published  a  col- 
lection of  Hungarian  music  at  Klausen- 
berg,  1754 ;  the  work  is  a  rare  one ;  Bee- 
thoven and  Weber  both  used  music  from 
Hungarian  composers. 

Stevens,  William  S.,  born  in  West- 
minster, England,  1778;  made  his  first 
instrument,  a  fife,  from  a  piece  of  cane, 
upon  which  he  performed  in  public  at 
the  age  of  eight  years ;  became  pianist 
and  master  of  the  choristers  at  the 
Haymarket  Theatre;  published  songs, 
glees,  and  other  music;  wrote  much 
upon  every  part  of  musical  science. 

Stevenson,  Sir  John,  born  in  Ire- 
land, 1772,  cultivated  secular  and  sacred 
music,  but  composed  for  the  stage  some 
successful  operas ;  was  made  doctor  of 
music,  and  received  a  silver  cup  from 
the  Catch  Club ;  wrote  a  great  number 
of  popular  glees  and  songs ;  died  Sept. 
14,  1833. 

Stewart,  N.,  author  of  catches,  can- 
ons, glees,  duets,  and  other  music,  in- 
stituted a  "Catch  Club,"  at  Edinburgh, 
1771. 

Stewart,  Charles,  musician  to  Mr. 
Strange,  was  a  composer  of  instrumental 
music,  and  published  two  collections  of 
dances  at  Edinburgh. 

Steyermark  Band,  known  in  this 
country  as  the  Steyermarkische  Musical 
Company,  consisted  of  nineteen  Ger- 
man musicians;  came  to  this  country. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


145 


with  F.  Rziha  as  conductor,  1846 ;  gave 
concerts  in  the  large  cities,  and  at  the 
time  considered  the  best  orchestra  which 
had  visited  here. 

Stick,  John  Wenzex.,  a  celebrated 
horn-player,  born  1775 ;  made  his  repu- 
tation under  the  name  of  Giovanni 
Punto;  gave  Beethoven  his  knowledge 
of  that  instrument. 

Stickney,  John,  bom  in  Stoughton, 
Mass.,  1742;  became  a  teacher,  com- 
poser, and  publisher  of  music;  pub- 
lished, 1774,  "T/ie  Gentleman  and  Ladif  s 
Musical  Companion.^'  This  was  "print- 
ed by  Daniel  Bay  ley  in  Newbury-Port." 
His  wife  was  also  a  teacher,  and  travelled 
with  him  from  place  to  place ;  John  died 
1826. 

Stigelli,  the  German  tenor,  con- 
nected for  some  time,  in  this  country, 
with  Maretzek's  opera  troupe ;  after 
returning  to  his  native  land,  died  at 
Como,  near  the  lake,  July,  1869;  was 
an  excellent  actor,  singer,  and  com- 
poser. 

Stoddard,  I.  C,  of  Worcester,  Mass., 
invented  and  exhibited,  1855,  a  simple 
but  ingenious  machine  known  as  "  The 
Calliope;''  it  is  a  combination  of  steam 
whistles,  played  by  striking  keys  similar 
to  those  of  an  organ. 

Stoddard,  Solomon,  born  in  Boston, 
1643;  settled  at  Northampton,  Mass., 
and  in  1722  wrote  his  celebrated  musi- 
cal essay,  "  Cases  of  Conscience  ;  "  died 
1729,  aged  86. 

Stoepel,  Robert,  born  in  Germany, 
leader  of  orchestra  at  the  Princess' 
Theatre,  London ;  came  to  this  country 
with  his  brother-in-law,  William  V. 
Wallace,  and  became  leader  of  au  or- 
chestra in  New  York,  1855 ;  produced  a 
cantata  in  Boston,  Mass.,  1859;  married 
Matilda  Heron. 

Stone,  Joseph,  with  Abraham  Wood, 
in  1793,  published  "T/ie  Columbian  Har- 
mony," which,  though  bearing  the  same 
name  as  a  collection  by  Daniel  Reed,  was 
not  the  same  work. 

Storage,  Anna  Celina,  born  1765; 
quitted  Vienna  after  the  carnival  of 
1787,  when  she  went  to  London,  and  in 
a  short  time  ranked  amongst  the  favor- 
ite comic  performers  and  singers  of  the 
stage.  She  died  near  London  about  the 
year  1814. 

Storage,  Stefano,  an  eminent  com- 
poser of  theatrical  music ;  born  in  Eng- 
land, 1763;  was  a  performer  on  the 
violin  at  the  age  of  eleven  years;  was 


appointed  composer  at  Drury  Lane 
Theatre ;  died  March  19,  1796,  aged  33. 

Storkmeyer,  Christiano,  of  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  is  a  celebrated  composer  of 
Brazilian  music,  vocal  and  instrumen- 
tal. 

Story,  Florence  L.,  born  at  Essex, 
Mass.,  Sept.  7,  1863;  at  the  age  of  three 
years  could  play  and  sing  one  hundred 
and  fifty  different  tunes  upon  the  piano- 
forte, some  of  which  were  her  own  com- 
positions. After  hearing  a  piece  once 
or  twice,  could  perform  and  sing  it, 
learning  the  words  as  easily  as  the 
music. 

Stoughton  Musical  Society.  This 
is  one  of  the  oldest  societies  in  America ; 
it  was  formed  November,  1786,  and  has 
held  its  meetings  regularly  to  the  pres- 
ent time. 

Stradella,  Alessandro,  born  at 
Naples,  1645;  a  celebrated  composer 
and  violinist;  was  also  an  excellent 
singer ;  his  compositions  are  nearly  all 
vocal ;  eloped  with  a  noble  lady,  whom  he 
afterwards  married ;  but  they  were  both 
assassinated  at  Turin,  1679. 

Strakosch,  Max,  born  in  Austria, 
1834 ;  has  gained  a  practical  experience 
in  every  branch  of  his  profession ;  speaks 
English,  French,  German,  and  Italian 
fluently;  has  been  a  successful  opera- 
manager  in  this  country  for  many  years. 

Strauss,  John,  a  celebrated  com- 
poser of  waltzes  and  dance-music ;  born 
at  Vienna,  March  14,  1804;  at  the  age 
of  nineteen  was  a  member  of  Lanner's 
orchestra;  subsequently  organized  a 
band  of  his  own,  and  shared  the  laurels 
of  the  public ;  the  Strauss  waltzes  found 
their  way  over  the  wide  world,  and  their 
author  was  much  honored;  died  at 
Vienna,  Sept.  15,  1849. 

Strauss,  John,  jun.,  eldest  of  the 
three  sons  of  John;  born  in  Vienna, 
1825 ;  became  director  of  the  orchestra 
after  the  death  of  his  father;  and  under 
his  care  the  orchestra  became  the  ad- 
miration of  the  world;  was  a  prolific 
composer,  and  in  Austria  his  talents 
received  royal  recognition ;  the  emperor 
of  Russia,  in  1853,  engaged  him  to  con- 
duct summer  concerts  at  St.  Petersburg ; 
married  the  singer  Jetty  Treffz ;  went  to 
Paris  with  his  orchestra,  1867,  and  gave 
concerts  there;  also  in  London;  came 
to  this  counti-y,  and  led  the  orchestra  in 
the  performance  of  some  of  his  most 
famous  compositions  at  the  Peace  Ju- 
bilee, Boston,  1872. 


146 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  DTFOEMATIOX. 


Strauss,  Edward,  third  son  of 
John,  on  the  death  of  Joseph  succeeded 
to  the  leadership  of  the  Vienna  orches- 
tra in  the  absence  of  John,  jun. ;  he  ex- 
celled as  a  violinist,  and  was  also  a  com- 
poser ;  an  orchestra  has  always  remained 
at  Vienna,  even  when  John,  jun.,  was 
with  a  portion  of  it  at  St.  Petersburg,  or 
at  other  places. 

Strauss,  Joseph,  second  son  of 
John,  was  also  a  waltz  composer,  born 
1827 ;  was  the  author  of  more  than  200 
orchestral  arrangements  of  operas,  and 
300  other  works ;  died  at  Vienna,  July 
22,  1870;  when  buried,  his  violin  was 
laid  with  broken  strings  in  the  coffin 
with  him. 

Street-Organ,  the  same  as  the 
hand-organ,  producing  music  in  parts. 
It  originated  in  Germany. 

Strungk,  N.  Adam,  a  celebrated 
violinist,  born  at  Zell,  1640,  chapel-mas- 
ter to  the  Elector  of  Saxony;  became 
organist  at  Brunswick,  but  the  violin 
was  his  favorite ;  was  chosen  composer 
and  director  of  music  at  the  Hamburg 
Theatre ;  settled  finally  at  Leipsic ;  com- 
posed much  music  for  stringed  instru- 
ments, and  died  1700. 

Strutt,  Joseph,  in  his  account  of 
bell-ringing,  says  he  saw  a  man  in  Lon- 
don ring  twelve  bells  at  a  time ;  two  on 
his  head,  two  in  each  hand,  one  on  each 
knee,  and  two  upon  each  foot,  playing  a 
variety  of  tunes. 

Stuart,  the  celebrated  painter, 
when  a  young  man,  cultivated  music, 
and  became  an  organist ;  went  to  Lon- 
don, and,  not  succeeding  at  first  as  a 
painter,  became  an  organist  at  a  salary 
which  supported  him  until  he  became 
known  as  an  American  artist. 

Stuart,  Alexander,  set  the  songs 
in  "T/iC  Tea-Table  Miscellany  "  to  music, 
1726 ;  was  a  composer  of  merit  at  Edin- 
burgh. 

Stuart,  James,  a  minstrel,  bom  at 
Charleston,  S.C.,  Dec.  25,  1728;  was  in 
the  army  at  the  battle  of  Quebec ;  after- 
wards wandered  through  the  world,  and 
accompanied  his  songs  upon  the  violin ; 
died  April  18,  1844,  aged  116. 

Stuart,  James,  son  of  Robert  III., 
became  a  celebrated  poet  and  musician ; 
a  revival  of  songs  and  song-singing  can 
be  traced  back  to  his  confinement  in  the 
Tower,  London.  James  I.  also  com- 
posed sacred  and  secular  songs  in 
prison. 

Stumpf,    Johann    Christian,    an 


excellent  performer  on  the  bassoon, 
and  composer  for  wind-instruments,  at 
Frankfort,  where  he  died  in  1801. 

Stuntz,  Herr,  who  long  held  office 
as  chapel-master  at  Munich,  died  there, 
July,  1859,  at  an  advanced  age. 

Style.  That  cast  or  manner  of  com- 
position or  perfoiTuance  on  which  the 
effect  depends. 

Styles,  or  Stiles,  F.  H.  E.,  publish- 
ed, 1760,  a  dissertation  entitled  ''An  Ex- 
planation of  the  Modes  or  Tones  in  the 
ancient  Grecian  Music.'^ 

SucKOW,  Christian,  of  Norway,  cel- 
ebrated throughout  Northern  Europe  as 
the  Hardanger  violinist,  came  to  this 
country,  1872,  and  gave  concerts  in  the 
large  cities ;  his  violin  has  twelve  strings, 
the  usual  four  being  supplemented  by 
eight  wire  ones  underneath;  he  also 
plays  in  imitation  of  various  instru- 
ments. 

Sudre,  Franoois,  bom  at  Toulouse 
in  1791.  He  visited  many  of  the  large 
cities  in  Europe  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  before  the  public  an  ingenious 
system  of  conveying  intelligence  by 
means  of  seven  primitive  musical 
sounds.  In  his  system  these  sounds  are 
employed  to  represent  the  twenty-four 
letters  of  the  alphabet,  and  are  to  be 
combined  in  words  of  all  kinds. 

SuFFERN,  J.  William,  born  at  Suf- 
ferns,  N.Y.,  Nov.  1,  1829;  commenced 
teaching  music  at  the  age  of  twenty, 
having  then  become  an  organist  and 
violinist;  five  years  later  commenced 
holding  conventions  throughout  the 
West,  and  settled  at  Chicago;  since 
which  he  has  published  some  musical 
works. 

Sullivan,  Arthltr  S.,  author  of 
"T^e  Prodigal  Son,^^  and  many  musical 
compositions  for  piano-forte,  published 
in  London  since  1863. 

Sullivan,  Mariah  Dix,  published 
at  Boston,  Mass.,  1856,  a  collection  of 
well-harmonized  ^' Bible  Songs;'*  the 
melodies  suitable  for  children  to  sing. 

Sumner,  Albert  I.,  organist  at  Os- 
wego, N.Y.,  and  afterwards  at  Dresden, 
Germany;  was  the  author  of  several 
favorite  compositions ;  and  on  his  return 
to  this  country  to  assume  the  duties  of 
organist  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  perished 
with  the  steamer  "Atlantic." 

Surenne,  J.  T.,  a  popular  composer 
and  collector  of  the  songs  and  dance- 
music  of  Scotland  and  Ireland ;  has  pub- 
lished several  volumes  since  1852. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


147 


SuRRUSOPHONE,  a  wind  instrument 
consisting  of  six  different  foi-ras,  in- 
tended to  supersede  the  oboe  and  bas- 
soon in  orchestra. 

SussMAYER,  Franz  Xavier,  music 
director  and  composer  to  the  National 
Theatre  at  Vienna  since  the  year  1795 ; 
published  various  operas  and  operettas 
for  Vienna  and  other  towns  in  Germany, 
which  bear  date  from  the  year  1792  to 
1801 ;  died  at  Vienna  in  1803. 

Sutton,  Emeline  Fantoni,  born  at 
New  Orleans,  La.,  March  15,  1819; 
made  her  d^but  in  Paris,  and  soon  after 
sung  in  Italy,  where  she  created  a  great 
sensation  in  opera;  returning  to  Paris, 
she  sang  at  the  court  of  Louis  Philippe 
and  through  France;  returning  to  this 
country,  she  appeared  in  New  York,  and 
then  at  Havana. 

SvENSDEN,  a  celebrated  Norwegian 
composer,  of  Christiana,  Norway,  in 
187?t  received  from  government  a  life- 
pension  ;  his  orchestral  compositions 
are  known  in  this  country ;  married  a 
Miss  Jewett  of  New  York  City. 

Swan,  Timothy,  was  of  Scottish 
descent;  born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  July 
23,  1758;  he  began  to  teach  music  at 
the  age  of  17  years;  in  1801  he  pub- 
lished '' 3%e  Neio  England  Harmony;'^ 
was  the  author  of  **  China,^^  ^'Pownal,^' 
and  ^^  Poland,^ ^  tunes  yet  holding  their 
place  in  the  books  of  psalmody;  died 
July  23,  1842. 

Swan,  W.  H.  and  M.  L.,  published 
at  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  1851,  and  at  Phila- 
delphia, 1848,  "TAe  Harp  of  Columbia,''^ 
224  pages,  patent  notes ;  this  work  was 
without  the  use  of  signatures,  or  flats 
and  sharps;  the  clefs  were  retained; 
some  of  the  music  was  original. 

Swedish  Vocal  Quartet  became 
famous  in  Russia,  Germany,  Belgium, 
Holland,  and  in  1873  in  Paris.  This 
quartet  went  out  from  the  Stockholm 
Conservatory. 

Sweetser,  Benjamin,  Jun.,  of  Port- 
land, Me.,  published,  1839,  "  The  Cum- 
berland Collections^  of  sacred  music, 
304  pages;  and,  in  1848,  *' The  Ancient 
Sacred  Lyre,^^  the  same  book,  with  a 
new  name. 

SwELiNCK,  Jan  Peter,  organist, 
born  at  Deventer,  Holland,  1540;  be- 
came very  celebrated  as  a  performer 
and  composer ;  died  1622. 


Swell  Mute,  a  piano-forte  attach- 
ment, invented  by  A.  G.  Corliss,  Port- 
land, Me.,  1854. 

SwiETEN,  Gottfried,  Freyherr 
Van,  a  distinguished  amateur  of  music, 
died  March  29,  1803. 

Swiss  Bell-Ringers,  a  company 
which  visited  this  country,  giving  con- 
certs, 1844;  there  were  seven  persons, 
using  twenty-six  bells,  or  at  times  forty- 
two  bells,  as  the  music  required. 

Sylva,  Tristao  da,  chapel-master 
to  King  Alphonso  V.  of  Portugal,  in 
the  fifteenth  century. 

Sylveira,  Fr.  Placido  da,  a  Portu- 
guese church-composer,  died  in  1736. 

Syme,  George,  the  best  piper  of  his 
time  ;  had  the  art  of  producing  the  oc- 
tave tones.  In  Kay's  Portraits,  there  is 
one  of  this  piper,  with  this  inscrip- 
tion :  — 

"  This  represents  old  Gurdy  Syme, 
A  famous  piper  of  liis  time." 

Symmers,  James,  of  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, introduced  the  sol-fa  method  of 
singing  at  sight  from  the  common  nota- 
tion, 1858. 

Symmes,  Thomas,  born  at  Bradford, 
Mass.,  Feb.  1, 1678;  wrote  three  musical 
tracts  upon  music,  intended  to  allay  the 
great  excitement  of  1720  in  regard  to  the 
use  of  new  music  by  rule  or  by  note ; 
it  being  in  this  country  considered  sin- 
ful to  practise  by  rule ;  died  Oct.  6, 1725, 
aged  48. 

Symonds,  Henry,  one  of  the  king's 
band  of  musicians  in  England ;  a  cele- 
brated master  of  the  harpsichord  in  his 
time ;  published  six  sets  of  lessons  for 
his  instrument ;  died  1730. 

Symphonium,  invented  by  Kauf mann, 
1839. 

Symphony  derives  its  origin  from 
pieces  of  instrumental  music  performed 
upon  strings  in  Italy.  The  Germans 
introduced  oboes  and  horns  into  sym- 
phonies; and  Gossec  added  clarinets, 
bassoons,  and  other  wind-instruments. 

Syringa,  the  pipes  of  Pan ;  also  called 
syrinx;  a  rustic  instrument  constructed 
of  seven,  eight,  or  sometimes  more 
pieces  of  reed  cut  of  various  lengths  in 
regular  gradation,  and  fastened  together, 
generally  with  wax ;  it  has  been  regarded 
as  the  origin  of  the  organ. 


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A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


T.  This  letter  is  used  as  an  abbrevi- 
ation of  tutti,  all. 

Ta.  One  of  the  four  syllables  used 
by  the  Greeks  in  sol-fa-ing. 

Tabel,  a  Fleming,  who  was  with 
Ruckers  and  his  successors  at  Antwerp, 
went  to  England,  1680,  and  made  the 
first  harpsichords  in  London. 

Tabor,  a  small  drum  used  by  the 
Hebrews;  they  also  used  drums  called 
taboret  and  tabret. 

Tacghinardi,  Nicholas,  a  famous 
tenor-singer,  born  at  Florence,  Italy, 
1776 ;  was  only  four  feet  three  inches  in 
height;  was  a  violinist  and  public  singer 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  years;  became 
the  great  tenor  of  Europe,  and  sang  in 
all  the  principal  theatres;  in  1831,  left 
the  stage,  and  became  a  teacher ;  com- 
posed many  voice-exercises  and  some 
music;  died  at  Florence,  March  14, 1859, 
aged  83. 

Taddi,  Signora,  of  Naples,  1824, 
could  not  only  adopt  as  subjects,  stories 
or  incidents  suggested  by  her  auditors, 
but  would  declare  her  ideas  in  any  metre 
prescribed,  applying  a  melody,  the  time 
or  measure  of  which  should  be  dictated 
at  the  moment. 

Taglioni,  Maria  {Countess  de  Voi- 
sens),  born  in  Stockholm,  1804;  was  a 
daughter  of  Philippo  Taglioni,  ballet- 
master  ;  was  the  recipient  of  more  pub- 
lic favors  than  any  performer  had  ever 
known ;  in  1832,  married  Count  de  Voi- 
sens ;  the  story  of  her  triumphs  was  re- 
peated in  every  city  in  Europe;  com- 
posed many  ballets  herself,  celebrated 
in  this  country ;  died  1873. 

Taglioni,  Salvatore,  born  at  Na- 
ples; a  brother  of  the  above,  was  the 
composer  of  more  than  two  hundred 
ballets ;  died  at  Naples,  1869. 

Taglischbec,  Herr,  born  1790 ;  was 
chapel-master  to  the  Prince  of  Hohen- 
zoUern-Heckingen ;  a  violinist  and  com- 
poser ;  died  October,  1867. 

Taillefer,  a  celebrated  minstrel; 
went  to  England  with  William  the  Nor- 
man ;  sang  at  the  head  of  the  army  at 
the  battle  of  Hastings,  where  he  lost  his 
life. 

Talemanis",  a  great  German  musician ; 
born  at  Magdeburg,  1681 ;  played  every 
kind  of  instrument  when  a  boy ;  went 


to  Leipsic ;  composed  psalms,  and  estab- 
lished a  college  of  music;  was  after- 
wards director  of  opera,  and  organist. 

Talhaiarn,  a  Welsh  bard  of  "the  sixth 
century ;  became  so  celebrated  as  to  be 
reverenced  as  a  saint. 

Taliesin,  a  celebrated  Welsh  bard  of 
the  sixth  century,  some  of  whose  music 
is  still  preserved  in  his  native  coun- 
try. 

Tallis,  Thomas,  one  of  the  greatest 
musicians  of  Europe  during  the  six- 
teenth century,  was  born  in  England 
1520;  celebrated  for  his  song  in  forty 
parts,  and  for  other  compositions ;  died 
Nov.  23,  1585. 

Talking-Machine,  an  invention  of 
M.  Faber,  exhibited  in  Boston,  Mass., 
1872 ;  it  produces  fourteen  sounds,  and 
others  are  made  by  combinations  of 
these;  it  also  produces  a  laughing 
sound,  a  lisping,  and  a  trilling  sound. 

Talon,  a  musician  in  the  chapel  of 
the  King  of  France,  published,  1767, 
"iSix  Symphonies,''^  which  made  him 
famous. 

Tamberlik,  Signor  Henrico,  bom 
in  Rome,  1820,  of  a  Polish  family ;  was 
placed  in  the  army ;  on  discovering  that 
he  had  a  splendid  tenor-voice,  he  left 
the  army,  and  entered  the  San  Carlo 
Theatre,  1841,  as  a  singer,  and  made 
himself  famous  by  thundering  C-sharp, 
or  ut  de  poitrine,  in  clear,  bell-tongued 
tones  again  and  again;  afterwards  his 
fortune  was  made,  when  he  took  Paris 
by  surprise  with  the  same  tone,  as 
Duprez  did  before  him;  sang  in  this 
country  1873,  but  thirty-two  years'  wear 
has  somewhat  injured  the  voice  of  the 
great  artist,  though  he  is  still  great. 

Tamboni,  for  whom  Rossini  wrote 
the  part  of  Figaro,  and  who  was  cele- 
brated as  a  singer,  died  Feb.  28,  1837. 

Tambour  de  Basque,  or  Tambou- 
rine, a  drum  in  the  shape  of  a  sieve, 
with  bells  or  other  loose  metallic  sub^ 
stances  in  the  side,  that  jingle  when 
shaken,  or  when  the  parchment  cover- 
ing is  struck. 

Tambura,  instruments  of  the  guitar 
kind. 

Tamburona,  the  great  or  bass  drum. 

Tamonti,  Madame,  an  eminent 
singer,  who  made  her  debut  in  opera,  in 


/  C^yy^'-Ay^^'-^yyy^-^-^ 


1. 


4l;d-/K<^  /  i^-^  ^^J 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


149 


the  time  of  Frederick  the  Great,  died  at 
Potsdam,  at  the  age  of  100  years. 

Tannahill,  Robert,  a  noted  musi- 
cian, born  at  Paisley,  Scotland,  June  3, 
1774,  died  May  17,  iSlO,  aged  36. 

Tarchi,  Angioli,  an  Italian  com- 
poser and  professor  of  singing,  resident 
at  Paris,  born  at  Naples,  1760;  in  1781 
began  to  compose  dramatic  works,  and 
soon  became  celebrated  for  his  operas, 
which  were  so  popular  that  he  was 
troubled  to  supply  the  demand  at  the 
different  theatres  of  Italy  and  France; 
also  composed  masses,  oratorios,  and 
other  music. 

Tartini,  Giuseppe,  born  at  Pirano, 
Italy,  April  12, 1692 ;  went  to  Venice,  be- 
came a  violinist,  and  celebrated  through- 
out Europe;  but  became  more  known 
by  his  dream,  and  the  ^'DeviVs  Sonata;  ^^ 
his  compositions  are  numerous;  died 
Feb.  26,  1760,  aged  68. 

Tassistro,  Pietro,  the  band-master 
in  Bonaparte's  army,  died  at  Milan, 
1867,  aged  84;  followed  music  all  his 
life. 

Tate,  Nahum,  born  in  Dublin,  Ire- 
land, 1652;  was  made  famous  by  the 
versification  of  the  Psalms,  known  as 
Tate  and  Brady's,  published  in  London, 
1695 ;  was  poet-laureate  to  William  III. ; 
died  in  Southwark,  England,  Aug.  12, 
1715 ;  his  version  was  published  in  this 
country,  1741. 

Tattersall,  William  de  Chair, 
published  in  London,  England,  1795, 
^^ Improved  Psabnody,^^  and  the  Psalms, 
with  new  music,  engraved. 

Tausch,  Franz,  clarinetist  and  in- 
strumental composer;  born  at  Heidel- 
berg, 1762 ;  became  member  of  the  chapel 
at  Mannheim,  and  also  violinist;  per- 
formed at  Berlin  for  a  season,  then  at 
Paris  and  Hamburg,  and  in  1799  gave 
weekly  concerts  at  "his  own  house ;  his 
works  are  mostly  concertos. 

Tausig,  Carl,  born  near  Warsaw, 
Nov.  4, 1841 ;  went  to  reside  at  Dresden, 
and  became  celebrated  as  a  pianist; 
went  to  Berlin  1865,  and  became  court- 
musician;  he  composed  largely;  and 
died  July  17,  1871,  aged  30. 

Tatjz,  L.,  a  German  musician,  was 
celebrated  as  a  pianist;  composed  two 
operas  of  sonatas  for  the  harpsichord 
and  violin,  at  Mannheim,  1780;  died 
1790. 

Taxis,  Count  Torre,  of  Venice,  was 
a  performer  on  the  harpsichord,  and  a 
composer  of  masses,  motets,  and  orato- 


rios. Dr.  Burney  says,  "  He  owned  an 
instrument,  made  in  Berlin,  which  has 
several  changes  of  stops,  and  is  occa- 
sionally a  harp,  a  harpsichord,  a  lute,  or 
piano-forte ;  by  drawing  out  the  keys, 
'  the  hammers  are  transferred  to  different 
strings,  by  which  means  a  composition 
may  be  transposed  half  a  note,  a  whole 
note,  or  a  flat  third,  lower,  at  pleasure, 
without  the  embarrassment  of  different 
notes  or  clefs,  real  or  imaginary." 

Taylor,  Alfred,  born  in  Philadel- 
phia, 1831,  published  several  hymn  and 
tune  books  which  sold  largely,  among 
them  the ' 'Prayer-Meeting  Hymn  Book,^' 
1859. 

Taylor,  Edward,  Gresham  profes- 
sor of  music,  London ;  became  known 
by  his  lectures  on  music,  1838. 

Taylor,  George  C,  celebrated  as  a 
teacher  and  composer;  Avas  appointed 
professor  of  music  at  Madison  Female 
College,  Georgia,  and  settled  there. 

Taylor,  James,  a  comic  singer  of 
London,  England,  in  1866,  sold  his  ser- 
vices for  four  months,  to  the  highest 
bidder,  at  public  auction,  engaging  to 
sing  twice  on  every  lawful  evening, 
wherever  employed ;  was  bid  off  at  £325 
by  the  proprietor  of  the  White-Bait 
Concert  Room. 

Taylor,  John,  master  of  the  choris- 
ters and  organist  at  Westminster  Abbey, 
1562. 

Taylor,  Mary,  was  a  popular  singer 
and  actress;  born  1836;  her  singing  was 
much  admired;  retired  from  the  stage 
1852;  died  Nov.  3,  1866,  aged  30. 

Taylor,  Richard,  born  in  Chester, 
England,  1758,  and  became  celebrated 
as  a  composer  of  English  songs,  some  of 
which  bad  immense  sales. 

Taylor,  Samuel  Priestly,  organ- 
ist; born  in  London,  England,  1779; 
played  the  organ  when  seven  years  old ; 
came  to  America  1806 ;  settled  in  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y. ;  played  an  organ  in  New 
York;  gave  instruction  on  the  organ, 
piano-forte,  violin,  violoncello,  and  clar- 
inet, all  of  which  he  played  well;  en- 
listed as  a  musician  in  a  New  York 
band  for  the  war  of  1812 ;  was  president 
of  the  old  Philharmonic  Society;  re- 
moved to  Boston,  Mass.,  1819,  where  he 
compiled  a  popular  organ  instruction 
book;  returned  to  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
1826 ;  continued  to  teach  and  give  con- 
certs until  1864 ;  played  the  organ  until 
the  age  of  92  years,  and  gave  instruc- 
tions until   1870  ;    he  first  introduced 


^ 


VtviK    77Y-^>nOiA- 


/  txlt-t-.t^ 


-MOvt*^  » 


^\L,->^ 


150 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


chanting  into  New  York;  is  now  (1874) 
aged  95. 

Taylor,  Sedley,  wrote  a  ^'Treatise 
on  the  Phi/ steal  Construction  of  Musical 
Sounds  and  Harmony. ^^ 

Taylor,  Mrs.  Thomas,  formerly 
Laura  W.  Barker  of  London,  com- 
posed piano-forte  music,  and  wrote  ori- 
ginal melodies  for  the  ^^  Ballads  and 
Songs  of  Brittany. ^^ 

Taylor,  Thomas  R.,  of  Sheffield, 
England,  was  the  composer  of  the  hymn 
*^Tm  but  a  Traceller  here  ; "  died  18^i5. 

Taylor,  Virgil  Coryden,  born  at 
Barkhamstead,  Conn.,  1817 ;  removed  to 
Hartford,  Conn;  became  known  as  a 
composer  and  publisher  of  music,  1850; 
published  several  excellent  works,  most 
of  the  tunes,  anthems,  and  chants  being 
of  his  own  production,  and  very  popu- 
lar; in  1854,  removed  to  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 
and  became  organist  and  conductor  of 
music  in  that  city. 

Telle,  Friedrich  Wilhelm,  born 
at  Berlin,  Sept.  9,  1798;  became  cele- 
brated as  a  pianist  1816;  known  as  a 
composer  1820;  became  music-director 
at  several  theatres;  wrote  operas  and 
other  works,  and  visited  all  the  large 
cities  until  1845,  when  he  returned  to 
Berlin,  and  died  there  May  10,  18G2. 

Telemann,  GeorCxE  Philip,  born  at 
Magdeburg,  1681 ;  became  a  composer 
at  the  age  of  twelve  years ;  in  1701  was 
director  of  the  operas  at  Leipsic ;  acted 
as  chapel-master  at  several  courts,  and 
finally  settled  as  music-director  at  Leip- 
sic; was  a  very  voluminous  composer, 
and  considered  the  greatest  church- 
musician  in  Germany ;  died  1767. 

Telephone,  an  instrument  by  which 
certain  sounds  are  telegraphed  to  any 
distance,  was  invented  by  Dr.  Van  der 
Weyde,  1869.  Mr.  Elisha  Gray  of  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  a  well-known  maker  of  tele- 
graphic appliances,  has  iiivented  a 
method  of  transmitting  musical  sounds 
by  an  instrument  in  the  same  manner, 
or  in  some  manner,  which  he  calls  the 
Telephone ;  and  has  succeeded,  1874,  in 
transmitting  tones  through  an  unbroken 
circuit  of  2,400  miles,  reproducing  them 
on  a  violin  at  the  receiving  end. 

Telesphorus,  a  pope  in  the  reign  of 
Antonius  Pius,  first  ordered  the  singing 
of  hymns  the  night  before  Christmas, 
from  which  arose  the  custom  of  singing 
carols ;  and  tambours,  organs,  and  vari- 
ous stringed  instruments  were  used  to 
accompany  the  voices.     Died  A.D.  138. 


Temple,  Charles  W.  H.,  bom  in 

Claremont,  N.  H.,  1801 ;  commenced 
teaching  music  1817;  went  to  Cincin- 
nati, O.,  and  thence  to  Oxford  as  a 
teacher;  was  associated  with  the  musi- 
cal societies  and  interests  in  South-west- 
ern Ohio,  where  he  taught  for  55  years, 
and  composed  some  music. 

Templeton,  a  distinguished  tenor- 
singer  of  London,  England,  came  to 
this  country  1846,  and  gave  concerts  of 
story  and  song  in  the  chief  cities. 

Tenor- Violin,  or  Viola,  having  its 
lowest  tone  on  C,  and  playing  the  tenor 
part  in  concert. 

Terpander,  lived  B.C.  671,  and  was 
much  honored  as  a  musician;  was 
teacher  and  pei-former  upon  the  flute 
and  the  lute ;  added  three  strings  to  the 
lute,  making  seven;  was  noted  as  a 
writer  of  music,  which  had  before  been 
performed  by  memory ;  set  many  songs 
to  music. 

Terpodian,  an  instrument  invented, 
1833,  by  Buschmann  of  London,  which 
in  tone  is  a  medium  between  the  organ 
and  musical  glasses;  it  resembles  the 
raelodeon. 

Terpsichore,  the  Muse  of  music, 
&c.,  presided  over  choral  song,  and 
dancing. 

Tesca,  an  excellent  Italian  bass-sing- 
er, who  made  his  fame  while  a  resident 
of  England,  sang  at  the  commemoration 
of  Handel  in  Westminster  Abbey. 

Testa,  Natali,  contralto  of  the 
famed  Natali  Sisters,  was  a  prominent 
singer  before  marriage,  and  has  since 
appeared  in  opera. 

Thalates,  of  Crete,  a  poet  and  mu- 
sician, wrote  and  sang  odes  encouraging 
obedience  and  concord  ;  invented  many 
new  measures  in  verse ;  his  songs  were 
very  popular ;  was  the  first  to  compose 
military  dance-songs  to  flute  accompani- 
ments. 

Thalberg,  Sigismond,  born  at  Ge- 
neva, Jan.  7,  3812;  became  known  as  a 
composer  and  pianist  when  sixteen 
years  old ;  made  the  tour  of  Germany 
18.30;  became  famous  at  Paris  1835; 
afterwards  made  frequent  tours  in 
France,  England,  Germany,  and  Russia; 
came  to  this  country  1856;  remained 
here  giving  concerts  in  all  the  large 
cities  until  1858;  returned  to  Europe, 
and  died  April  29,  1871,  aged  59.  His 
compositions  are  numerous  and  greatly 
admired. 

Thamyris   was  celebrated  as  a  per- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


151 


former  on  the  cithara;  was  born  in 
Thrace ;  was  the  sweetest  singer  of  his 
time. 

Thayer,  Alexander  W.,  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  author  of  the  "Li/e  of  Beethoven  " 
written  by  him  wliile  in  Europe,  is  well 
known  at  home  and  abroad  as  a  musical 
critic  and  correspondent  of  American 
journals. 

Theatre.  The  first  theatre  in  Amer- 
ica was  opened  at  Williamsburg,  Va., 
Sept,  5,  17.52;  one  was  opened  in  New 
York,  1753;  at  Albany,  1769;  at  Balti- 
more, 177o;  at  Boston,  Mass.,  1792. 

Theatre  Lyrique,  built  in  Paris, 
1846,  by  A.  Dumas.  French  operas  are 
here  produced,  and  it  is  a  training-school 
for  artists. 

Theatrical  Entertainments  com- 
menced in  Rome  365  years  B.C.  The 
modern  theatre  originated  with  the  pil- 
grims to  the  Holy  Land. 

Theorbo,  a  stringed  instrument  of 
the  lute  tone  and  form,  having  eight 
strings;  it  was  invented  in  France, "by 
Hotteman. 

TiiiBAULT,  Blanche  and  Gabri- 
elle,  sisters ;  the  former  received,  1869, 
the  prize  for  singing  for  opera  and  for 
opera  comic;  the  latter  the  prize  for 
piano-forte  playing  at  the  Paris  Con- 
servatoire :  they  are  good  musicians,  and 
daughters  of  the  chief  of  the  band  of 
the  National  Guard. 

Thiele,  Louis,  born  in  Germany, 
1816 ;  became  known  as  a  pianist  at  the 
age  of  seven  years ;  at  the  age  of  four- 
teen was  master  of  the  organ,  and 
shortly  after  known  as  a  composer ;  died 
of  cholera,  1848,  aged  32. 

Thomas  of  Bayeux  was  celebrated  as 
a  poet  and  musician  while  archbishop 
of  York. 

Thomas,  Ambroise,  of  Paris,  pro- 
duced his  first  opera,  "/fa»i^ei,"  1868. 

Thomas,  Isaiah,  of  Worcester,  Mass., 
procured  from  Europe  the  first  music 
type  used  in  this  country,  1786,  and  in 
that  year  published  the  first  edition  of 
the  "  Worcester  Collectionof  Sacred  Har- 
mony.'^ In  August,  1788,  he  published 
another  edition,  with  the  prefix  ^^Laiis 
Deo  !  "  This  was  in  three  parts,  printed 
typographically,  and  dedicated  "  to  the 
several  musical  societies  in  the  "JVctu- 
Englancl  States."  Mr.  Reed,  probably 
Daniel  the  composer,  is  mentioned  in 
this  work  as  author  of  what  is  said 
about  moods  of  time. 

Thomas,  J.  R.,  of  New  York,  author 


of  a  collection  of  church  music  18G3,  a 
collection  of  sacred  choruses  in  1875,  and 
a  well-known  writer  of  popular  songs. 

Thomas,  Theodore,  born  in  the 
kingdom  of  Hanover,  1835;  could  play 
the  violin  at  the  age  of  six  years ;  came 
to  this  country,  and  settled  in  New  York 
1845 ;  appeared  directly  in  concerts,  and 
visited  the  most  prominent  places  of  the 
Union ;  was  first  violin  to  Sontag,  Jenny 
Lind,  Grisi,  Mario,  and  others;  con- 
ducted German  and  Italian  opera,  and 
travelled  through  the  States  with  differ- 
ent troupes  ;  established  symphony  con- 
certs in  New  York;  and  finally  organ- 
ized his  orchestra,  which  has  made  him 
famous  in  this  country  and  in  Europe; 
is  a  self-educated  musician. 

Thomson,  George,  born  1757;  pub- 
lished 1793,  a  "  Collection  of  Scottish 
Airs  for  the  Voice,^^  the  accompani- 
ments by  Pleyel ;  Burns  assisted  in  pre- 
paring the  work;  died  at  Leith  Links, 
Feb.  18,  1851,  aged  94. 

Thomson,  James,  published  at  Edin- 
burgh, 1778,  ''^Rudiments  ofMusic,^^  with 
a  collection  of  tunes  and  hymns. 

Thomson,  William,  appeared  in 
concerts  at  Edinburgh  when  a  boy,  1695 ; 
was  celebrated  for  the  quality  of  his 
voice ;  went  to  London,  and  sang  there 
when  the  opera  and  Handel's  composi- 
tions were  all  the  rage ;  was  the  first  to 
edit  Scots  tunes  in  England;  published 
^^  Orpheus  Caledonius.''^ 

Thompson,  Jemima,  born  in  the 
suburbs  of  London,  1813;  while  jour- 
neying in  a  stage-coach,  1841,  composed 
that  famous  hymn,  "J  Think,  when  I 
Bead  that  Sweet  Story  of  Old^ 

Thompson,  Thomas,  organist,  born 
at  Sunderland,  England,  1777;  played 
the  violin  and  French  horn  at  the  thea- 
tres when  twelve  years  of  age ;  per- 
formed as  organist  at  London  in  con- 
certs and  churches ;  became  a  teacher, 
and  composed  some  songs  and  duets. 

Thompson,  Thomas  P.,  born  at  Hull, 
England,  1783;  wrote  a  work,  '^Enhar- 
monic Theory  of  Music,''  1829;  and 
''Just  Intonation,''  1850. 

Thorbecke,  Hermann,  a  native  of 
Hanover ;  came  to  this  country  1838,  and 
settled  at  Philadelphia, Penn.,  where  he 
became  celebrated  as  a  composer  and 
music-teacher ;  on  his  return  from  Ger- 
many, where  he  had  been  on  a  visit,  he 
perished  at  sea,  September,  1858,  aged  45. 

Thorne,  E.  H,,  an  English  oiganist 
and  composer ;  published  '*  SacredMusic 


/^^ly\r%y-))\ 


152 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


for  the  Home  Circle,''^  consisting  of 
standard  tunes  for  four  voices,  London, 
1859. 

Thoknton,  B.,  born  in  London,  1724; 
wrote  an  *'  Ode  on  St.  Cecilia's  Bay,'"' 
adapted  to  the  ancient  British  instru- 
ments, —  the  salt-box,  jews-harp,  mar- 
row-bones, cleavers,  and  hurdy-gurdy,  — 
with  a  history  of  those  instruments. 

TnoTH,  in  the  very  earliest  ages  of  the 
world,  introduced  the  sistrum,  lyre,  and 
tambourine  into  Abyssinia  from  Egypt. 

Throope,  or  Troup,  author  of 
*'  Christian  Song,^'  was  a  Vermont 
singing-master,  and  died  at  Chelsea  in 
that  State. 

TiBERiNi,  a  Roman  musician,  came 
to  this  country  with  the  Strakosch  con- 
cert company,  and  sang  at  Boston,  1856. 

Tibia  Pares,  a  double  flute;  one 
played  with  the  right,  and  the  other  with 
the  left  hand ;  the  flutes  are  united  in 
the  form  of  the  letter  A. 

Tii.LEARD,  John,  wrote  several 
school  music-books ;  London,  England, 
1853. 

^-'-- TiLLINGHAST,     WiLLIAM,       of     NcW 

York,  teacher  of  music,  published,  1869, 
*'  The  Diadem,' '  with  his  system  of 
teaching. 

Tillman,  Samuel  D.,  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute,  New  York,  in  1860  publish- 
ed a  ''Musical  Treatise,^'  on  sound,  ac- 
companied by  a  new  invention  called 
''Tonometer,''''  which  accurately  measures 
to  the  eye  all  musical  intervals,  however 
minute ;  has  written  a  new  method  of 
musical  notation,  made  some  change  in 
the  solfeggio,  and  patented  a  "Music 
Medal,' ^  showing  the  notes  and  common 
chords  in  the  major  and  minor  key  of 
any  given  tonic. 

TiMBALE,  a  kettle-drum. 

Timbrel,  an  ancient  drum,  in  form 
like  the  tambourine. 

TiMM,  C.  H.,  born  at  Hamburg,  1811; 
came  to  this  country,  and  settled  in  New 
York,  where  he  soon  became  connected 
with  all  the  musical  interests  of  the  city. 

Tiresias,  a  musician  mentioned  by 
Homer;  practised  music  many  years, 
and  was  a  compiler  of  music-books. 

TiTIENS,       or       TiETJENS,      TERESA, 

born  at  Hamburg,  18:}4;  appeared  on 
I  -j-)  the  Hamburg  stage  at  the  age  of  fifteen ; 
/  became  famous  at  Frankfort;  went  to 
Vienna,  and  thence  to  London,  in  1856, 
where  she  found  grace  with  the  English 
critics,  and  became  very  popular  in 
opera ;  came  to  the  United  States  in  1875. 


Toe  Pedals.  George  Tolhurst,  of 
Maidstone,  England  in  1870,  arranged  a 
set  of  pedals  to  an  organ,  to  be  played 
with  the  toes;  he  calls  this  machine 
"  Pedaliera,'"  and  has  demonstrated 
that  the  organ  can  be  played  by  using 
the  toes  as  well  as  the  fingers. 

Tofts,  Katherine,  became  known 
as  an  English  vocalist  1703 ;  became  an 
opera-singer  1705 ;  was  made  insane  by 
her  success,  but,  recovering,  married  the 
British  consul  at  Venice,  and  died  1735; 
Mr.  Smith,  her  husband,  died  1771. 

TOMASCHEK,  JOHANN  WeNZEL,  bom 

at  Skutsch,  Bohemia,  April  17,  1774; 
lived  chiefly  at  Prague ;  was  a  member 
of  the  great  societies,  and  composed 
many  important  and  valuable  musical 
woi-ks ;  died  1849. 

ToMLiNsox,  J.  H.,  of  London,  Eng- 
land, author  of  a  work  on  the  piano- 
forte. 

ToMLixsoN,  J.  W.,  celebrated  as  a 
song-writer. 

ToMLiNSON,  Kellom,  a  composer  and 
publisher  of  dance-music  in  London. 
England,  from  1735  to  1744. 

ToNOGRAPH,  an  instrument  for  print- 
ing music  while  in  the  act  of  impro- 
vising or  composing  on  a  keyed  instru- 
ment an  invention  (1850)  of  Levi 
Wilder,  teacher  of  music  at  Baltimore, 
Md.  It  was  compact  enough  to  be 
placed  under  the  lid  of  a  pfano-forte, 
and  capable  of  transferring  all  expres- 
sions ;  it  was  never  made  a  public  manu- 
facture as  the  principle  was  found  to 
infringe  on  a  French  patent. 

TooLHOLos,  wandering  minstrels  of 
Tartary,  who  go  from  place  to  place 
with  a  violin  and  a  flute  suspended  from 
their  girdles,  and  perform  music  in  the 
first  families ;  they  are  poets  and  sing- 
ers ;  are  common  in  China,  and  popular 
in  Thibet. 

ToPLADY,  Augustus,  author  of 
"Rock  of  Ages  cleft  for  Me,''  died, 
1778,  aged  38 ;  Rowland  Hill  pronounced 
the  funeral  oration. 

Topp,  Alide,  is  a  German  from 
Stralsund,  Prussia ;  beca:ne  a  successful 
pianist;  performed  much  in  Europe, 
and  after  coming  to  this  country  sus- 
tained her  reputation  in  New  York  and 
other  cities. 

ToRRiANi,  OsTAVA,  daughter  of  the 
Swedish  consul,  born  at  Hamburg,  Ger- 
many, 1850;  first  appeared  in  public  as 
a  pianist ;  made  her  debut  as  a  vocalist 
at  Milan ;  after  singing  in  Italy,  Paris, 


A  DICTIONAKY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


153 


and  London,  with  success,  came  to 
America;  her  real  name  is  Tornquist; 
afterwards  sang  in  the  principal  cities 
of  Euroi3e,  and  came  again  to  America 
1873,  with  the  Strakosch  troupe,  mak- 
ing her  appearance  at  New  York,  in 
"  Zwcirt." 

Toulon,  for  many  years  principal 
flutist  at  the  Grand  Opera,  Paris ;  a 
composer  of  much  music  for  his  instru- 
ment; died  at  Nantes,  France,  Sep- 
tember, 1805. 

TouKJEE,  Dr.  Eben,  born  at  War- 
wick, R.I.,  June  1,  1834;  became  an 
organist  at  the  age  of  thirteen  years ;  at 
the  age  of  seventeen  was  editor  of  "  The 
Key-Note,''^  and  a  conductor  of  con- 
ventions ;  established  a  conservatory  at 
Providence,  R.I. ;  in  1869  established 
the  New  England  Conservatory,  Boston, 
Mass. ;  and  in  1869  assisted  in  the  first 
Peace  Jubilee,  as  he  did  in  that  of 
1872. 

Tourte,  born  at  Paris  1747,  was 
celebrated  as  a  maker  of  violin-bows; 
died  1835. 

Traetta,  or  Trajetta,  Tomaso, 
born  at  Naples,  1738;  composer  at  the 
San  Carlo  Theatre,  where  he  wrote  many 
operas;  went  to  St.  Petersburg,  and 
there  composed  seven  operas  and  many 
cantatas ;  went  to  England  for  a  season, 
and  died  after  returning  to  his  own 
country,  1779. 

Trajetta,  Filippo,  born  at  Venice, 
January,  1776 ;  was  the  son  of  Tomaso, 
and  became  celebrated  as  a  musician  and 
composer;  joined  the  army,  and  com- 
posed many  patriotic  hymns  for  the  sol- 
diers; was  taken  prisoner,  and,  escap- 
ing, came  to  America  1799;  settled  in 
Boston,  Mass. ;  wrote  some  music  there; 
went  to  New  York,  and  finally  to  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  where  he  produced  sev- 
eral works,  and  died  1854,  aged  78. 

Trastour,  Eugene,  a  native  of  New 
Orleans,  La. ;  October,  1867,  invented  in 
New  York,  an  electric  automaton  piano 
player,  and  two  other  similar  instru- 
ments capable  of  performing  any  music 
written  upon  paper;  is  a  pianist,  and 
author  of  a  work  on  the  "  Rudiments  of 
Music, ''^ 

Travelling  Companies,  small 
troupes  of  musicians,  vocal  and  instru- 
mental, of  which  the  Hermanns,  the 
Rayners,  and  others,  were  the  pioneers 
in  this  country ;  have,  since  1840,  been 
many  in  number,  and  have  perhaps,  on 
the  whole,  been  instrumental  in  increas- 


ing a  love  for  music,  and  promoting  its 
development,  throughout  the  United 
States. 

Trebelli,  Zelia,  born  in  Paris; 
made  her  debut  in  Madrid  1859,  with  an 
Italian  opera  troupe ;  was  a  great  favor- 
ite at  Berlin  1860;  is  not  only  a  great 
singer,  but  a  splendid  actress. 

Treffz,  Henrietta  (Jette),  a 
Viennese ;  born  June  28,  1826 ;  became 
famous  in  England  1850,  at  the  Jullien 
concerts ;  went  with  him  through  Eng- 
land, Ireland,  Scotland,  &c. ;  accepted 
an  engagement  in  Paris,  and  married 
John  Strauss,  jun.,  the  great  waltz-king 
of  Vienna. 

Tremolophon,  or  Girardeon,  an 
instrument  something  like  a  piano-forte, 
in  which  is  machinery  operated  by  a 
wheel,  producing  a  trembling  vibration 
and  swelling  tone;  it  was  invented 
1840,  by  M.  Girard,  who  died  in  Paris, 
1846. 

Trentin,  a.  G.,  of  Venice,  1823,  in- 
vented the  violacembalo,  an  improve- 
ment upon  the  bow  piano-forte. 

Treu,  Daniel  Gottlieb,  born  at 
Stuttgard,  1695;  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years  published  three  overtures  for  the 
violin  and  three  other  instruments ;  be- 
came celebrated  at  Venice,  where  he 
produced  many  operas;  was  called  to 
Prague,  where  he  had  the  direction  of 
chapel-music. 

Triangular  Harp,  an  instrument 
of  great  antiquity,  invented  in  Ireland. 

Trichoruen,  an  instrument  formerly 
used  to  accompany  vocal  music. 

Trigon,  an  ancient  instrument, 
played  on  by  women,  and  used  at 
feasts. 

Triton,  a  famous  trumpeter  em- 
ployed by  Neptune. 

Trombone,  a  brass  wind-instrument, 
patterned  after  the  sackbut;  it  is  capa- 
ble of  splendid  effects  when  used  in  the 
orchestra  or  in  military  bands :  there  are 
three  kinds,  alto,  tenor,  and  bass. 

Tromp  de  Bearn,  the  same  as  the 
jews-harp ;  a  toy  for  children. 

Troubadours.  Prior  to  the  age  of 
the  Troubadours  we  are  unable  to  judge 
of  secular  music  by  examples.  Proven- 
cal poetry  and  song  held  universal  sway 
in  the  eleventh  and  twelfth  centuries; 
kings  and  princes  rivalled  each  other  in 
the  profession  of  troubadours.  The  word 
"troubadour"  comes  from  trobartrou- 
ver,  to  find  or  invent.  Besides  these  royal 
inventors,   there  was   another  class   of 


154 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


A^i^ 


troubadours,  who  were  held  in  the  ser- 
vice of  royalty  as  court  poets.  The  trou- 
badours, unlike  their  contemporaries 
the  (rerman  minnesingers,  frequently 
were  unable  to  sing  their  own  songs ; 
and  for  this  purpose  they  held  in  their 
employ  minstrels,  or  jongleurs,  who 
were  persons  skilled  in  singing  and  play- 
ing. 

Trowbridge,  Asa  K.,  published  at 
Boston,  Mass.,  a  collection  of  music  all 
original,  entitled  "  Temperance  Melo- 
dies.'^ 

Trumpet,  a  musical  wind-instrument 
of  metal,  which  has  been  known  in 
some  form  in  all  ages,  and  among  all 
civilized  people ;  it  is  played  through  a 
mouthpiece,  and  within  a  few  years 
has  been  supplied  with  keys. 

TscHUDi,  BuRKHARDT,  harpsichord- 
maker  to  the  court  of  George  II.,  was  a 
Swiss,  became  famous,  married  in  Lon- 
don. One  of  his  instruments,  with  two 
manuals,  made  for  the  King  of  Prussia, 
1765,  was  in  the  palace  at  Potsdam, 
1862 ;  died  in  London,  1773. 

Tubes,  Mrs.  F.  C,  published  in  Lon- 
don, 186.5,  a  translation  of  Joseph 
Schluster's  "  General  History  of  Music, ^^ 
which  is  highly  commended. 

TucKEKMAN,  S.  Parkman,  born  in 
Boston,  Mass.,  1819;  organist  and  com- 
poser; was  made  doctor  of  music  in 
England;  in  1852  was  created  master  of 
saci-ed  music  at  Rome;  many  of  his 
compositions  were  published  in  Eng- 
land, where  he  collected  a  valuable 
library  of  music:  after  his  return  to 
this  country  resided  a  few  years  in 
Greenfield,  Mass. ;  in  1855  went  to  re- 
side in  New  York;  published  several 
collections  of  music  in  this  country,  and 
a  book  of  chants. 

Tufts,  Rev.  John,  of  Newbury, 
Mass.,  was  a  teacher  of  music;  pub- 
lished the  first  singing-book  printed  in 
America,  1710;  previous  to  which  time 
all  music  was  learned  by  rote.  This  book 
was  opposed  on  the  ground,  that,  if 
people  "  learned  to  sing  by  note,  the  next 
thing  would  be  to  pray  by  rule ;  and 
then  would  come  Popery. ^^ 

Tulley,  J.  H.,  a  well-known  English 
composer,  and  director  of  music  at 
Drury  Lane  Theatre,  died  Jan.  28,  1868. 

TuLON,  Jean  Louis,  a  celebrated 
flutist;  born  at  Paris,  Sept.  12,  1786;  in 
1804  entered  the  orchestra  of  the  Italian 
opera;  in  1826  was  made  professor  at 
the    conservatory;    in    1843   he    estab- 


lished  a  flute  manufactory ;  his  compo- 
sitions were  very  much  sought  for. 

TuNiNG-FoRK  Harmonium;  an  in- 
strument resembling  the  piano-forte, 
which  has,  in  the  place  of  strings, 
tuning-forks;  which,  when  struck  by 
the  hammers,  produce  the  tones. 

Turkish  Music.  Music  was  first  in- 
troduced into  Turkey  in  the  year  1047, 
under  the  reign  of  Amurath,  by  one 
Schahculi,  who  carried  it  to  Constanti- 
nople ;  and  it  was  brought  to  perfection 
under  Mohammed  IV.,  as  well  instru- 
mental as  vocal.  Prince  Cantimer  in- 
vented some  of  the  notes  first  used  by 
the  Turks  in  recording  music;  before 
him  they  made  use  of  letters  and  fig- 
ures, such  as  the  Greeks  and  Latins 
used.  They  compose  and  execute  from 
memory,  and  it  would  be  difiicult  to  re- 
duce to  a  regular  scale  their  notation ; 
and  yet  their  music  has  the  times  and 
sounds  of  ours,  and  has  lately  been 
much  improved. 

TuRLE,  James,  of  London,  England, 
has  published,  by  himself,  and  with  E. 
Taylor,  as  many  as  six  different  collec- 
tions of  music  since  1846 ;  is  organist  at 
Westminster  Abbey. 

Turner,  John,  author  of  a  "  Guide 
to  Vocal  3Iusic,^^  with  an  historical  in- 
troduction and  a  dictionary  of  musical 
terms;  published  in  London,  Eng., 
under  the  direction  of  the  Committee 
for  Promoting  Christian  knowledge; 
republished  in  this  country  1836. 

Tye,  Dr.  Christopher,  musically 
celebrated  for  having  set  fourteen  chap- 
ters of  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles  to  elabo- 
rate music,  consisting  of  fugues,  canons, 
and  other  complicated  artificial  forms ; 
he  also  wrote  an  excellent  anthem  for 
four  voices. 

Tympanum  anciently  comprised  the 
tambour,  tabour,  kettle-drum,  nacara, 
and  some  timbrels. 

Typographical  Music  Printing 
was  introduced  into  the  Roman  States 
by  Montona,  a  printer,  1508. 

Typophone,  a  new  instrument, 
played  like  the  piano-forte,  but  in  effect 
resembling  the  harp;  introduced  in 
Paris,  1869 ;  invented  by  the  maker  of 
the  Mustel  organs. 

Tyrt^us,  an  Athenian  general  and 
musician,  is  celebrated  by  all  antiquity 
for  the  composition  of  military  songs  and 
airs,  as  well  as  the  performance  of  them. 

Tytler,  James,  born  1747,  at  Edin- 
burgh;  son  of  a  clergyman;   was  the 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


155 


author  of  many  Scottish  songs;  came 
to  America,  and  established  a  newspaper 
in  Salem,  Mass.,  which  he  continued 
until  his  death,  1805,  aged  58. 


Tytler,  William,  of  Woodhouselea, 
author  of  a  ^^  Uissertation  on  Scottish 
Music,"  and  other  works,  died  Sept,  12, 
1792,  aged  81. 


u. 


TJiiLiG,  Theodore,  musical  editor, 
Berlin,  wrote  eighty-four  compositions, 
and  was  a  violinist  of  great  talent;  died 
Jan.  30,  1853,  aged  31. 

Ulrich,  Hugo,  born  Nov.  26,  1827, 
at  Oppeln,  wrote  two  symphonies, 
which  won  the  prize  at  Brussels,  1853 ; 
composed  trios,  quartets,  overtures, 
piano-forte  works,  and  songs ;  died 
May  23,  1872,  at  Berlin. 

Unger,  Caroline,  called  in  Italy 
Ungher,  one  of  the  best  singers  of  re- 
cent times,  was  born  at  Vienna  in  1800; 
in  1825  she  sang  at  Naples,  Milan, 
Turin,  and  Rome'with  great  success; 
in  1840  she  retired  from  the  stage, 
having  married  happily,  and  settled  in 
Dresden. 

Uxger,  Johann  Friedrich,  coun- 
sellor of  justice  at  Brunswick,  was  born 
there  in  171G;  he  invented  a  machine 
to  be  attached  to  a  harpsichord,  which 
should  write  down  every  successive 
note  performed  on  the  instrument ;  died 
at  Brunswick  in  1781.    See  Hohlfeld. 

Upham,  Dr.  J.  B.,  originated  the 
plan  for  procuring  the  Boston  Music 
Hall  organ,  and  in  1857  visited  the 
principal  factories  of  Europe,  and  gave 
the  contract  to  Walcker  of  Ludwigs- 
burg;  published,  1853,  a  work  on 
^''Acoustic  Architecture;"  was  Presi- 
dent of  Handel  and  Haydn  Society  of 
Boston  many  years,  and  chairman  of 
committee  on  music  in  the  public 
schools  of   Boston. 

Urban,  Christian,  first  alto  violin 
at  the  Royal  Academy,  an  esteemed 
musician ;  devoted  his  talents  to  sacred 
music,  but,  to  live,  was  forced  to  be- 
come a  theatrical  musician.  While  ac- 
companying the  dance,  he  would  not 
view  the  spectacle ;  and,  though  many 
years  a  member  of  the  opera  orchestra, 
never  saw  the  performance,  and  did  not 
know  the  vocalists  whom  he  assisted. 

Urbani.  Peter,  an  Italian  composer, 
born  at  Milan,  1749;  resided  for  many 
years  in  Scotland  and  Ireland  from 
about  the  year  1784.  Amongst  his 
works  were  "li  Farnace"  op.  ser.,  per- 


formed  at  Dublin,  and  "IZ  Trionfo  di 
Clelia"  op.  ser.,  also  performed  at  Dub- 
lin, in  which  city  he  died  in  the  year 
1816,  aged  67. 

Urena,  Pietro  D',  a  Spanish  monk, 
flourished  in  the  sixteenth  century  in 
the  Milanese ;  was  born  blind ;  was  the 
first  who  added  a  seventh  syllable  to 
the  Guidonian  scale. 

Urfey,  Thomas  d',  a  celebrated 
convivial  songster  in  the  reign  of 
Charles  II.  He  lived  chiefly  in  the 
ale  and  wine  houses  of  London,  where 
he  sang  his  own  compositions  with 
much  humor.  In  1719  there  was  pub- 
lished in  London  a  collection  of  his 
songs,  entitled  "  Wit  and  Mirth,  or  Pills 
to  purge  Melancholy." 

Urio,  Francesco  Antonio,  chapel- 
master  at  Venice  in  the  seventeenth 
century,  published  at  Bologna,  in  1697, 
^' Salmi  Concertati,  a  3  Voci,  con  Vio- 
lini,"  Op.  2. 

Ursillo,  Fabio,  published  at  Am- 
sterdam, about  the  year  1748,  three  sets 
of  violin  trios ;  he  was  a  chapel-master 
at  Rome. 

Ursini,  Giacomo,  an  Italian  com- 
poser, born  at  Pantremoli ;  published, 
amongst  other  works,  ^'Madrigali  a  4 
Voci,"  Venice;  and  "  E'an  anderes 
Werk,"  Venice,  1550. 

Urso,  Camilla,  born  in  Nantes, 
France,  1842;  celebrated  violinist; 
when  a  child,  expressed  the  wish  to 
learn  the  violin ;  her  success  was  won- 
derful ;  she  soon  appeared  in  concerts, 
and  everywhere  with  triumph ;  came  to 
this  country  1852,  and  performed  in  all 
the  principal  cities;  in  1854  was  con- 
nected with  the  concert  troupe  of  Mme. 
Sontag;  in  1874  was  giving  concerts  in 
Boston,  assisted  byGihnore's  New  York 
Band. 

Urso,  Salvator,  born  at  Palermo, 
1810;  was  organist  at  the  Church  of 
the  Holy  Cross,  at  Nantes ;  an  excellent 
musician,  and  the  father  of  the  cele- 
brated violinist  Camilla  Urso;  moved 
to  Paris,  in  order  to  give  his  daughter  a 
musical  education  in  that  city.  ;    <  -^ 


156 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


Y  is  used  for  the  word  "  violin  ;  " 
V.  v.,  both  first  and  second  violin;  also 
V.  S.,  volti  subito,  turn  over  quick. 

Vallo,  Signor,  a  resident  of  Phila- 
delphia, I?*enn.,  known  as  a  violinist, 
and  celebrated  for  his  staccato  and  har- 
monic passages;  has  composed  for  his 
instrument  some  very  excellent  lessons. 

Valvis,  Mlle.  de,  daughter  of 
Philip  of  Orleans,  who  married  the 
Duke  of  Modena  1719,  introduced 
chorus  into  the  Italian  lyric  drama; 
she  brought  a  body  of  choristers  from 
Paris,  who  appeared  at  tlie  opera  in 
Modena,  being  the  first  effective  chorus 
heard  in  Italy. 

Van    Alstyne,     Frances     Jane 

Crosby,  born  in  South-east,  Putnam 

1>         County,  N.Y.,  March  24,  182/;  wrote  * 

•^         <iolloction  of  Sunday-school  hymns  and 

some  music. 

Yanderbergh,  Charles  Henry, 
invented,  1820,  a  new  instrument  called 
'^(Edophone,''  played  by  keys  like  the 
piano-forte.  Into  a  block  extending 
across  the  back  of  the  instrument  are 
inserted  metallic  bars,  which  are  acted 
upon  by  a  spring  connected  with  the 
key ;  and  the  tone  thus  produced  is  like 
that  of  a  bell. 

Yan  Lier,  born  at  Amsterdam,  1857 ; 
made  her  debut  at  Paris,  as  a  pianist, 
when  three  years  old,  and  has  since 
become  celebrated  there. 

Yan  Zandt,  Jennie,  daughter  of 
Signor  Blitz;  a  vocalist  somewhat 
known  in  opera;  a  careful,  pains-tak- 
ing artist,  possessing  good  dramatic 
ability;  sang  in  London,  in  Italian 
opera,  and  made  a  tour  through  the 
provinces  with  Titiens  and  Santley; 
returning,  was  engaged  at  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  1874. 

Yarian,  Mrs.,  an  American  lady, 
known  in  this  country  as  a  vocalist, 
and  for  her  great  versatility  of  talent ; 
after  going  to  Italy  was,  in  1855,  en- 
gaged to  sing  at  Naples. 

Yarley,  Nelson,  came  to  this  coun- 
try from  England,  1872 ;  his  reputation 
as  a  tenor,  oratorio,  and  opera  singer 
had  been  fully  established  previously. 

Yauc ANSON,  Jaques  DE,  an  in- 
ventor, exhibited,  1738,  in  France,  a 
machine  capable  of  playing  several  airs 


on  the  German  flute ;  in  1741  he  com- 
pleted a  pipe  and  tabor  player,  operated 
in  the  same  manner  as  his  flute  autom- 
aton, also  musical  androides;  born 
in  Grenoble,  Feb.  24,  1709;  died  in 
Paris,  Nov.  21,  1782. 

Yauxhall  Gardens,  though  some- 
tliing  similar  had  existed  in  London 
since  1660,  were  opened  June  7,  1732; 
and  this  popular  place  of  amusement 
was  closed  July  25,  1859. 

Yeldeke,  Heinrich  von,  a  German 
minnesinger,  and  originator  of  heroic 
minstrel  song;  was  a  Westphalian  by 
birth,  and  a  composer. 

Yelluti,  or  Yelutti,  one  of  the 
most  successful  interpreters  of  Rossini's 
music,  was  born  at  Rome  in  1781,  and 
died  Feb.  20,  1861,  at  his  villa  in  the 
environs  of  Padua,  where  he  had  long 
resided.  It  was  for  him  that  Meyerbeer 
composed  his  *'  II  Crociato,^'  and  Ros- 
sini his  "  Aureliano  in  Palmy ra^ 
Yelluti  was  formerly  one  of  the 
singers  in  the  Sistine  Chapel  at  Rome. 

Yento,  Matthias,  went  from  Italy 
into  England,  1763 ;  was  a  composer  and 
teacher;  was  insured  the  expense  of 
printing  his  works,  though  his  music 
was  trivial  and  uninteresting.  He  died 
in  London,  1777. 

Yenua,  one  of  the  oldest  members 
of  the  Royal  Society  of  Musicians; 
leader  of  the  ballets  at  Her  Majesty's 
Theatre,  London;  composed  a  large 
number  of  ballets ;  was  a  leading  musi- 
cian and  violinist  at  Reading,  and  re- 
tired, 1858,  to  Exeter,  wealthy. 

Yera,  a  celebrated  prima  donna,  who 
performed  before  the  first  Napoleon 
and  Charles  XII. ;  died  in  Paris,  1867. 

Yeracini,  Francesco  Maria,  born 
at  Florence,  1685 ;  celebrated  as  a  vio- 
linist ;  though  a  great  artist,  was  very 
arrogant ;  his  style  was  peculiar  to  him- 
self, and  he  was  noted  for  his  shake  and 
arpeggios;  produced  several  successful 
operas  in  London. 

Yeraccordion,  invented  at  Yienna, 
1857,  by  Randhartinger,  consisting  of 
glass  bells  attached  to  a  conic  iron 
roller,  played  with  damp  fingers. 

Yerbrugel,  M.,  a  Belgian,  invented, 
1854,  the  electric  metronome,  used  for 
conducting  choruses  behind  the. scenes 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOK. 


157 


and  in  other  dispersed  situations,  ren- 
dering it  possible  for  three  or  four 
separate  choruses  and  orchestras  to 
move  together  with  mathematical  pre- 
cision. 

Vebdelot,  Piiilippus,  a  Flemish 
contrapuntist ;  one  of  the  best  masters ; 
his  works  are  all  written  either  in  Latin 
or  Italian,  and  bear  date  previously  to 
the  year  1550. 

Verdi,  Giuseppe,  the  reigning  star 
of  the  Italian  opera  since  Rossini ;  born 
at  Busseto,  a  village  of  Lombardy,  Oct. 
9,  1S14 ;  became  the  composer  of  many 
operas  which  have  been  presented  in 
this  country,  as  well  as  in  Europe,  by 
the  Italian  troupes  which  have  visited 
New  York  and  Boston;  received  the 
cross  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  from 
Louis  Napoleon,  1855;  was  little  known 
previous  to  1839,  when  he  produced  his 
first  opera;  has  written  about  thirty 
successful  operas ;  was  a  member  of 
the  Italian  Parliament,  1861;  in  1871 
went  officially  to  Milan,  to  re-organize 
the  Italian  Musical  Institute;  has  re- 
ceived numerous  honors  and  decora- 
tions, both  Italian  and  foreign. 

Verstovsky,  director  of  the  Moscow 
opera;  the  composer  of  a  multitude  of 
songs  and  some  operas,  since  1850;  in 
his  compositions  has  laid  the  old  Rus- 
sian airs  under  contribution  to  some 
extent,  and  thus  made  his  music  popu- 
lar as  national  music. 

Vespa,  GebonixMO,  a  celebrated  Ital- 
ian composer  towards  the  close  of  the 
sixteenth  century.  Amongst  his  works 
are,  "'Madrigali  a  5  voci,^^  Venice,  1570; 
and  ^'■Madrigali  a  5  voci,^^  Venice,  1575. 

Vespers,  a  public  religious  service, 
originally  consisting  of  five  Psalms  of 
David,  a  hymn,  the  magnificat.,  or  cant- 
icle of  the  Virgin  Mary,  and  several 
prayers,  anthems,  &c.,  sung  as  an  even- 
ing service ;  introduced  into  the  Uni- 
tarian churches  in  America,  by  Samuel 
Longfellow  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Dec.  19, 
1858. 

Vestris,  Madame,  born  1797;  this 
delightful  theatrical  singer  married 
Charles  Mathews ;  managed  the  Olym- 
pic Theatre,  1828 ;  afterwards  was  man- 
ager of  the  Covent  Garden  and  Lyceum 
Theatres;  was  a  popular  favorite  to 
within  a  short  time  of  her  death ;  died 
Aug.  8,  1856,  aged  59. 

Vestvali,  Felicita,  came  to  this 
country  with  a  reputation  gained  in 
Europe ;  sang  in  New  York  and  other 


cities;  went  to  Mexico  1855,  where 
she  became  manager  of  the  National 
Theatre,  1856. 

Vieuxtemps,  Henry,  born  at  Ver- 
viers,  Belgium,  Feb.  20,  1820;  at  the 
age  of  twelve  years  played  the  viohn  at 
the  conservatory,  Paris ;  travelled  and 
gave  concerts  throughout  the  Old 
World ;  came  to  America  1843 ;  came 
here  again  1857,  and  gave  concerts 
through  the  States,  after  which  he  be- 
came solo  violinist  at  St.  Petersburg; 
was  also  known  as  a  composer. 

Vieuxtemps,  Madame,  wife  of  the 
celebrated  violinist;  born  at  Vienna; 
acquired,  at  an  early  age,  a  reputation 
as  a  pianist ;  went  with  her  husband  on 
all  his  voyages,  accompanying  him  on 
the  piano-forte  when  he  did  not  need 
an  orchestra;  died  at  St.  Cloud,  1868, 
aged  53. 

Vinci,  Leonardo  da,  born  at 
Naples,  1690;  a  composer  of  rare  abil- 
ity; wrote  for  all  the  great  theatres 
of  Italy;  improved  recitative,  adapted 
music  to  the  expression  of  words,  made 
important  improvements  in  dramatic 
representations,  composed  many  operas 
for  Rome  and  Italy ;  and  Avas  poisoned 
in  1732. 

ViNER,  William  Letton,  born  at 
Bath,  England,  May  14,  1790;  early 
became  an  organist  and  composer; 
wrote  overtures,  harp  music,  and  songs ; 
came  to  this  country,  and  settled  in 
Massachusetts ;  his  library  of  600  works 
was  sold  at  auction  in  Boston,  March, 
1866. 

ViNiNG,  Mary,  a  famous  singer  at 
the  theatres  and  concerts  in  London; 
died  there,  Jan.  20,  1868,  aged  71. 

ViNNiNG,  John,  father  of  Louisa;  a 
violinist,  singer,  and  pianist;  two  of 
his  brothers  are  musicians ;  the  father 
of  these  sons  was  a  flutist,  but  played 
entirely  by  ear,  and  any  thing  after 
hearing. 

ViNNiNG,  Louisa,  born  at  Kings- 
bridge,  Devonshire,  1835;  sang  before 
she  could  speak ;  frequently  sang  in  her 
sleep ;  sang  before  the  queen  and  court 
at  Buckingham  Palace,  1840;  her  talent 
is  natural,"  and  up  to  that  time  she  had 
not  received  instruction ;  could  repeat 
any  air  after  hearing  it  a  few  times. 

VioccA,  Pietro,  an  Italian  com- 
poser, lived  about  1720.  From  his 
works  the  following  may  be  named: 
"  Tre  Marie  a  Pie  delta  Croce,''^  ora- 
torio; ""Partenza  Amorosa,''^  opera. 


158 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Viol,  an  ancient  instrument  like  the 
violin,  having  six  or  more  strings. 

Viola,  a  large  kind  of  violin,  and 
sometimes  called  tenor-viol;  it  occupies 
a  place  between  the  violin  and  violon- 
cello. 

Viola,  Alfons  Della,  chapel-mas- 
ter to  the  Duke  of  Este,  at  Ferrara, 
about  the  year  1541,  was  born  in  that 
city.  It  is  a  common  opinion  that  he 
was  the  first  who  united  singing  with 
declamation  on  the  boards  of  a  thea- 
tre. 

ViOLiCEMBALO,  an  instrument  like  a 
piano-forte,  and  played  by  a  bow. 

Violin,  a  well-known  instrument  of 
the  viol  species,  now  used  in  all  or- 
chestras. 

Violin-Makers.  See  Adams,  Al- 
bani,  the  Amati  family,  Arey,  Bergonzi, 
Kerlin,  Klots,  Stradivarius,  Steiner, 
Supot,  Guarnerius,  Fischer,  White. 

Violin-Strings.  The  manufacture 
of  strings  has  been  carried  on  in  vari- 
ous towns  in  Italy  for  centuries ;  and 
this  branch  of  industry  was  introduced 
into  France  1766. 

Violoncello,  an  instrument  inter- 
mediate between  the  viola  and  double- 
bass. 

ViOLONE,  a  name  for  the  double-bass. 

ViON,  a  celebrated  professor  of  the 
harpsichord,  at  Paris,  France,  1780, 
and  member  of  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Music. 

ViONETTO,  born  in  Paris,  France; 
published,  1780,  three  sonatas  for  the 
clavichord  and  violin ;  also  other  works. 

VioTTi.  Giovanni  B.,  born  at  Pied- 
mont, 1753;  left  Italy  1778,  and  ap- 
peared in  Paris  1782;  remained  in 
France  until  1799,  as  composer  and 
violinist;  afterwards  travelled  much, 
but  wrote  most  of  his  works  in  London 
and  Paris,  where  he  became  famous; 
died  in  London,  March  3,  1824,  aged  71. 

Virginal,  a  keyed  and  stringed  in- 
strument, in  shape  resembling  the 
piano-forte. 

Virginal  Book  of  Queen  Elizabeth 
contains  music  so  difficult  that  few  in 
Europe  could  play  the  pieces  without 
previous  practice. 


ViTALiAN,  pope,  introduced  the  wind 
organ  in  Rome,  in  the  year  757. 

ViViER,  the  celebrated  horn-player, 
the  admiration  of  Turkish,  Russian, 
English,  French,  German,  Italian,  and 
American  artists,  was  born  in  Corsica; 
could  produce  double  and  treble  notes 
on  his  instrument;  after  taking  resi- 
dence in  Paris,  he  became  known  as  the 
king  of  horn-players,  and  was  celebrated 
also  as  a  composer,  violinist,  pianist, 
vocalist,  and  mimic.  His  three  sisters 
were  also  excellent  musicians. 

Vocal  Concerts  had  their  first  rise 
in  Flanders,  1650. 

Vocal  Organ  in  man  is  placed  at 
the  top  of  the  windpipe,  and,  when 
perfect,  renders  the  voice  the  most  ac- 
ceptable and  correct  of  musical  instru- 
ments. 

Vocal  Society,  London,  England; 
founded  1832;  an  association  of  the 
eminent  vocal  performers  of  that  me- 
tropolis. 

Vogler,  Abbe  Georg  Joseph,  born 
at  Wurzburg,  1749  ;  travelled  for  many 
years  to  gain  a  knowledge  of  all  the 
systems  of  music,  and  then  formed  one 
of  his  own ;  was  a  great  composer,  and 
the  inventor  of  some  instruments;  his 
^^  orchestrion'^  attracted  much  atten- 
tion; while  he  exhibited  it,  he  also 
lectured  on  music;  wrote  a  great 
amount  of  music,  and  published  many 
important  works ;  died  1814. 

Voice-Maker,  one  whose  business 
it  is  to  cultivate  and  form  the  voice  for 
opera  or  oratorio  singing. 

VoLUMiR,  born  in  France;  a  com- 
poser and  violinist;  in  1713,  became 
leader  of  the  concerts  in  Dresden. 

Vries,  Rosa  de,  made  her  debut  at 
Castle  Garden,  New  York,  1851 ;  sang 
at  the  Academy,  1855,  and  in  1866  at 
the  Royal  Italian  Opera,  Paris. 

Vuillaume,  M.,  a  musical  instru- 
ment maker  of  Paris,  France,  invented 
a  stringed  instrument,  the  octo-baas  ;  it 
descends  lower,  by  a  third,  than  the 
four-stringed  double-bass;  it  is  oper- 
ated by  keys  and  levers,  and  by  foot- 
pedals;  its  compass  is  one  octave  and 
a  fifth. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


159 


w. 


Waage.n^,  Cabl,  a  famous  German 
musician,  died  Dec.  26,  1873,  aged 
73. 

Wagnei;,  Johanna,  born  at  Han- 
over, 1831,  a  celebrated  vocalist;  made 
her  first  appearance  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
years:  appeared  in  London  1850,  in 
opera,  having  previously  sung  through 
Italy  and  in  Germany;  finally  settled 
at  Berlin,  and  sang  at  the  opera-house 
there. 

Wagner,  Richard,  born  at  Leipsic, 
May  10,  1813;  early  became  music  di- 
rector at  the  Magdeburg  Theatre ;  was 
known  as  a  composer  183G;  since  1853 
has  excited  no  little  attention  as  a  re- 
markable innovator  in  dramatic  music ; 
is  famous  for  his  colossal  opera-house 
at  Baireuth;  it  was  to  be  finished  May 
1,  1875;  ^^  Tannhauser^^  was  to  be  the 
first  opera  represented,  and  with  an  or- 
chestra of  three  hundred  perform- 
ers. 

Waite,  J.  J.,  of  London,  assisted  by 
J.  J.  Gauntlett,  published  ''The  Halle- 
lujah,'^ a  book  of  psalmody,  1849. 

Waineavright,  Harriet,  of  Eng- 
land, wrote  a  collection  of  ''Sow/s  and 
Choruses,^'  of  which  Dr.  Burney  says, 
*'I  know  of  no  female  contrapuntist  in 
Europe  who  could  surpass,  if  equal,  the 
merit  of  the  composition." 

Wainwright,  Jonathan  Mayiiew, 
A.M.,  author  of  chants  adapted  to  the 
liymns  of  the  Church,  a  collection  called 
^' Music  of  the  Church,' '  and  other  works ; 
born  in  Liverpool,  England,  Feb.  24, 
1792 ;  came  to  this  country  when  a  boy, 
and  while  in  college  oflEiciated  as  organ- 
ist at  Christ  Church,  Boston,  Mass. ; 
became  a  bishop,  and  died  in  New  York 
Sept.  21,  1854. 

Wakefield,  Samuel,  Pittsburg, 
Penn.,  published,  1830,  ''The  Chi'istian's 
Harp,''  100  pages;  with  an  appendix  of 
64  pages  the  next  year,  added  by  Lazarus 
B.  McLain. 

Walcker,  E.  Friedrich,  a  distin- 
guished organ-builder;  born  at  Carn- 
stadt,  near  Stuttgard,  Germany;  com- 
menced business  1820 ;  made  many  im- 
provements in  organs;  in  1803  erected 
the  great  organ  in  Boston  Music  Hall ; 
died  1803,  at  Ludwigsburg,  Bavaria, 
where  his  factory  is  situated.  ____ 


Waldensbs,  an  oratorio,  Asahel  Ab- 
bot, New  York,  1850. 

Wales.  By  the  laws  of  Wales,  a 
harp  was  one  of  the  three  things  that 
were  necessary  to  constitute  a  gentle- 
man or  a  freeman ;  slaves  could  not  own 
or  play  upon  that  instrument. 

W alder,  J.  J.,  a  musician  of  Zurich, 
in  Switzerland,  1790,  published  in  that 
town,  in  1788,  a  method  for  singing; 
also,  about  the  same  time,  several  col- 
lections of  songs. 

Walker,  Adam,  of  London,  England, 
invented  the  Celcstina  Stop,  an  instru- 
ment like  the  VioUcembalo,  which  ap- 
peared sixty  years  later. 

Walker,  Archibald,  of  Edinburgh, 
was  the  author  of  acollection  of  "Church 
Tunes"  used  in  Scotland,  and  also  a 
composer  of  catches  and  songs. 

Walker,  Henry  Stephen,  born  in 
London  1803,  was  entered  at  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Music,  London,  at  the  age 
of  seven  years ;  gained  both  the  bronze 
and  silver  medals  ;  is  a  musician  now,  at 
the  age  of  eleven  years  (1874),  and  has 
made  his  appearance  in  Boston,  Mass., 
with  Mrs.  Scott-Siddons,  who  brought 
the  young  pianist  to  this  country;  and 
he  is  a  wonderful  child  artist. 

Waldhorn.  The  same  fonii  as  the 
French  horn.  Literally,  woodhorn ;  and 
formerly  much  used. 

Walker,  James,  of  Dysart,  Scotland, 
published  two  different  collections  of 
dance-music. 

Walker,  Joseph  C,  an  English 
author,  born  at  Dublin  in  1700,  pub- 
lished in  London,  in  178(),  a  work  en- 
titled ''Historical  Memoirs  of  the  Irish 
Bards."  ^ 

Walker,  William,,  a  teacher  and 
composer  of  music  in^Spartansburg, 
South  Carolina;  published,  1835,  at 
Philadelphia,  Penn.,  "The  Southern  Har- 
mony," 248  pages;  it  was  enlarged  to 
336  pages  in  1857;  also  "The  Southern 


i. 
1, 


and  Western  Pocket  Harmonist,"  1842; 
in  1807  he  brought  out  "Christian  Har- 
mony," 384  pages. 

Wallace,  Lady  M.,  published  in 
London,  Letters  of  Mendelssohn,  and  his 
Life;  also  Letters  of  Beethoven  and 
Mozart,  with  many  letters  of  other  dis-^ 
ti^guished_musicians,  1868. 


i-lV  ,  J*  /Vw ,  Tn*-.  l/yxr>7  ''^-'-v/?,  o 


i-<^ .   ^^-  ^  Sr^jT    ^/-^Ta-u,  I'x^ 


S  .c^ 


160 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Wallace,  William  Yincent,  born 
in  Waterford,  Ireland,  March  11,  1815; 
was  master  of  a  band,  and  an  excellent 
practical  musician,  playing  nearly  every 
instrument  in  the  orchestra;  was  for 
many  years  music-director  in  Dublin; 
travelled  extensively,  giving  concerts 
with  great  success ;  came  to  this  coun- 
try 1850;  has  published  an  immense 
amount  of  music,  and  some  operas.  In 
1857  he  went  to  Europe  with  the  inten- 
tion of  bringing  out  two  operas,  one  for 
the  German,  and  one  for  the  English 
stage;  in  London  he  became  almost 
blind,  and  was  obliged  to  abandon  com- 
position ;  retired  to  France ;  and  died  at 
his  hotel  in  the  Pyrenees,  Oct.  12, 
1865. 

Wallenhaupt,  Hermann  A.,  born 
at  Schkenditz,  Prussia,  Sept.  27,  1827 ; 
came  to  this  country  1845,  when  a 
young  man  of  seventeen  years ;  was  a 
pianist  and  also  a  composer;  settled  in 
New  York,  where  his  piano-forte  com- 
positions became  famous ;  many  of  them 
were  republished  in  Europe ;  his  songs 
were  celebrated  as  most  beautiful ;  died 
in  New  York. 

Wallix,  Johan  Olof,  born  in  Dale- 
carlia,  Sweden,  Oct.  1.5,1779;  published 
a  Swedish  psalm  and  hymn  book,  1811, 
in  which  appeared  some  of  his  own  com- 
positions ;  died  .June  30,  1839. 

Walsh,  J.,  musical  instrument  maker 
to  the  king,  residing  in  London,  pub- 
lished ^^ The  British  Musical  Miscellany, ^^ 
a  collection  of  vocal  and  instrumental 
music,  in  six  volumes. 

Walsyngham,  Thomas  de,  flour- 
ished about  A.D.  1400,  and  says  five 
musical  characters  were  used  in  his  day ; 
"  the  large,  the  long,  the  breve,  the  semi- 
breve,  and  the  minim.  A  new  charac- 
ter, the  crotchet,  has  lately  been  intro- 
duced ;  but  beyond  the  minim  no  subdi- 
vision ought  to  be  made." 

Walter,  Thomas,  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  born  1696;  in  1721  published 
"T/je  Grounds  and  Bules  of  Music  Ex- 
plained;'''' this  was  the  fourth  singing- 
book  published  in  this  country,  and 
contained  twenty-four  tunes  in  three 
parts.  Was  a  composer  and  teacher ;  died 
1728. 

Walter,  William.  H.,  Mus.  Doc, 
published  in  New  York,  "  Psalms,  Can- 
ticles, and  Anthems;''''  also  a  ^'■Manual  of 
Church  Music,'"  &c.,  1869. 

Ward,  Thomas,  of  Franklin  Grove, 
111.,  invented,  1857,  a  machine  for  turn- 


ing the  leaves  of  sheet-music  for  the 
performer. 

Ware,  F.,  born  1775;  tenor-player  at 
Covent  Garden,  and  leader  at  the  Music 
Hall,  Liverpool,  England  ;  also  known 
as  performer  at  other  places. 

War  Music.  From  the  earliest  days 
down  to  the  present,  no  band  of  soldiers 
of  any  extent  has  undertaken  a  march 
without  the  enlivening  influence  of 
music.  At  the  present  day  the  Aus- 
trian, Prussian,  French,  English,  Irish, 
and  American  military  music  is  only 
equalled  by  the  orchestral  bands  of  the 
same  countries. 

Warner,  Anna  B.,  author  of  many 
popular  works,  wrote  '''•Jesus  loves  me, 
this  I  know, ^^  and  several  other  popular 
hymns. 

Warner,  James  F.,  published,  1841, 
at  Boston,  Mass.,  a  translation  of  ^^ God- 
frey Weber^s  General  Music  Teacher;  " 
also  '^A  Dictionary  of  Musical  Terms;  ^^ 
in  1848  removed  to  New  York,  and  there 
opened  a  musical  academy,  and  taught 
music  at  sight. 

War-Songs.  The  soldier  has  always 
desired  something  more  than  military 
music,  some  vocal  demonstration  in 
which  he  can  himself  take  part;  and 
this  feeling  is  manifested  in  the  savage 
war-whoop,  as  well  as  in  the  world- 
renowned  Marseillaise ;  every  country, 
every  people,  has  had  and  continues  to 
cherish  its  war-songs. 

Warren,  Alfred  E.,  a  well-known 
pianist  and  composer,  had  one  of  his 
compositions  performed  at  three  differ- 
ent concerts  at  the  Peace  Jubilee,  1872. 

Warren,  Charles,  a  noted  teacher 
of  music  in  Ohio,  published,  1850,  an 
edition  of  "  The  Missouri  Harmony," 
with  modern  harmony ;  270  pages. 

Warren,  E.  T.,  an  English  musician 
who  published  a  monthly  collection  of 
ancient  music,  and  annual  collections 
of  glees  and  madrigals. 

Warren,  George  William,  bom  in 
Albany,  N.Y.,  Aug.  17,  1828;  became 
known  as  a  teacher  and  composer  in 
1849;  was  an  organist  and  director  of 
music  in  the  churches  for  many  years. 

Warren,  H.,  a  celebrated  organist 
at  Montreal,  Canada,  died,  as  was  sup- 
posed, from  grief  on  account  of  the  loss 
of  the  fine  organ  by  fire ;  after  the  loss 
he  became  ill,  and  died  December,  1856. 

Warren,  Henry,  published  ^'Notes 
upon  Music,"  London,  1832. 

Warren,  J.  S.,  of    Columbus,  0., 


^  U .  Hm^  hryy>t^  .  l^-  /^^  Jfr  ^^(^ . 


Yr>5^ 


I,   ^,  r^^  lvru>v-vAv«-^  /^  iriA^    '   y  ^-T^ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


161 


published,  1856,  *'  Warren^ s  Minstrel,'^ 
156  pages;  a  music-teacher  in  that 
State. 

Warren^,  Joseph,  of  London,  Eng- 
land, published  ^^Hbits  to  Young  Organ- 
ists,^' **A  Dictionary  of  Musicians,''  and 
several  other  works  on  music,  from  1844 
to  1853. 

Warren,  Samuel  W.,  of  Montreal, 
Canada,  completed  his  large  organ  for 
the  Parish  Church,  1858 ;  made  impor- 
tant improvements  in  the  construction 
of  pedal-keys,  which  are  concave  at  the 
centre. 

Wasielewski,  Herr  von,  of  Bonn, 
an  able  musician  and  violinist;  pub- 
lished "J.  History  of  the  Violin,"  which 
gained  for  him  a  reward  from  Fine  Arts 
Department  of  Prussia ;  has  also  written 
"J.  Life  of  Schumann." 

Water-Organ  is  the  same  as  the 
hydraulic  organ. 

Watkins,  Thomas  Philip,  born  in 
London,  1799,  at  the  age  of  fifteen  years 
was  a  performer  in  the  orchestra  at 
Covent  Garden  Theatre  ;  became  a  per- 
former at  the  king's  concert  of  ancient 
music ;  and  in  1819  was  engaged  by 
Bishop  for  the  Philharmonic  Band,  and 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  -Royal  Soci- 
ety of  Musicians. 

Watlen,  John,  musician,  teacher, 
and  composer,  of  London,  England,  had 
such  reputation  that  he  was  also  em- 
ployed in  Scotland  ;  was  also  a  music- 
seller. 
r  Watson,  Henry  C,  born  in  Balti- 
)  more,  Mdvy— 18^ ;  published  '■'■Masonic 
\  \  Musical  Manual,"  1855;  died  1669.-' 

Watson,  J.  Jay,  known  as  the  Amer- 
ican Paganini,  was  born  in  Gloucester, 
Mass.,  Sept.  23,  1830;  became  early  cel- 
ebrated as  a  violinist  and  composer;  in 
1858  visited  Europe ;  on  his  return 
opened  a  music-school  in  New  York, 
where  he  has  since  remained ;  is  known 
by  his  many  concerts  and  his  conser- 
vatory of  music,  as  well  as  by  his  com- 
positions and  newspaper  writings. 

Watson,  James,  born  in  Dundee, 
Scotland,  became  blind  when  a  boy ;  a 
performer  on  the  violin  and  violoncello  ; 
finally  succeeded,  1821,  in  playing  both 
instruments  at  the  same  time ;  con- 
structed machinery  by  which  he  could 
bow  the  violoncello  and  finger  it  with 
his  leg ;  could  perform  music  in  four 
I       parts. 

I  Watt,  James,  the  engineer  and  in- 

ventor, was  born  at  Greenock,  on  the 

V  I) ,  /^nrv-  V '  /  ^}^  ■  '^-At/w  ,    i^  . 


Clyde,  Jan.  19,  1736;  invented  an  im- 
proved dulcimer  and  an  improved  jews- 
harp ;  died  Aug.  19,  1819,  in  his  eighty- 
third  year. 

Watts,  Isaac,  born  at  Southampton, 
England,  July  17,  1674;  known  wher- 
ever psalms  and  hymns  have  been 
sung;  his  hymns  were  published  in  this 
country  by  Benjamin  Franklin,  at  Phila- 
delphia, 1741  ;  his  Psalms  at  Boston, 
Mass. ;  they  were  sent  in  manuscript  to 
Dr.  Cotton  Mather,  of  Boston,  who  en- 
couraged the  work,  and  advised  its  pub- 
lication. Watts  died  Nov.  25,  1748,  aged 
75. 

Watts,  John,  London,  England,  pub- 
lished ^"Musical  Miscellany,"  and  other 
works,  1729,  six  volumes  in  all. 

Webb,  George  James,  composer  and  t-c)"^^^ 
teacher  of  music;  has  published  a  num-  /ir^3. 
ber  of  music-books  at  Boston,  and  later  Vv%aa^  k; 
in  New  York ;  was  associated  with  Low-  jf^ . 
ell  Mason  in  many  of  his  publications. 

Webb,  T.  S.,  of  Boston,  Mass.,  was 
the  first  president  of  the  Handel  and 
Haydn  Society. 

Webb,  Thomas  S.,  of  Rhode  Island; 
author  of  some  Masonic  music,  and  a 
"Most  Excellent  Master's  Song"  in 
general  use ;  died  1819. 

Webbe,  Samuel,  born  1740;  partic- 
ularly celebrated  for  his  glees  and  part- 
songs;  his  compositions  are  known  in 
all  countries,  and  are  many  in  number ; 
died  1817,  aged  77. 

Webber,  Isaiah,  born  at  Hopkinton, 
N.H.,  1793,  was  a  teacher  of  music, 
leader  of  a  choir,  a  performer  upon  sev- 
eral instruments,  and  a  composer  of 
music.  His  manuscript  compositions 
form  a  volume  of  150  pages.  Mr.  Web- 
ber had  in  his  choir  three  viols,  three 
clarinets,  a  Kent  bugle,  and  sometimes 
other  instruments,  to  support  the  voices. 

Weber,  Albert,  came  to  this  country 
from  Bavaria,  and  settled  in  New  York, 
1845;  was  a  journeyman  piano-forte 
maker;  worked  at  his  trade  by  day,  and 
gave  music-lessons  at  night ;  was  organ- 
ist at  one  of  the  churches  for  some  time ; 
became  wealthy,  and  is  now  at  the  head 
of  an  extensive  manufactory  of  piano- 
fortes in  the  city  of  his  adoption. 

Weber,  Carl  Maria  von,  born  at 
Eutin,  Holstein,  Dec.  18,  1786;  became  a 
composer  when  a  boy ;  composed  operas 
1810,  and  his  celebrated  "Freischiitz"  at 
Dresden,  1816 ;  this  made  his  fame  and 
his  fortune ;  other  operas  followed,  and 
in  1824  he  wrote  for  the  London  theatres ; 


162 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


was  immensely  popular  in  England,  as 
he  was  everywhere;  wrote  a  great 
amount  of  music ;  and  died  in  London, 
June  5,  1826,  aged  40.  Madame  Weber 
died  at  Dresden,  February,  1843. 

Weber,  Edmund  von,  director  of 
the  music  at  the  Court  Theatre  in  Salz- 
burg in  1797 ;  was  elder  brother  of  the 
celebrated  C.  M.  von  Weber.  Some  of 
his  instrumental  works  have  been  pub- 
lished. He  has  also  composed  some 
dramatic  pieces. 

Weber,  Franz,  instituted  "  The  Co- 
logne Union  of  Men^s  Voices,^^  in  Lon- 
don, 1842,  with  the  object  of  promoting 
a  taste  for  German  song. 

Weber,  Gottfried,  a  composer  and 
writer  about  music ;  bom  at  Freinsheim, 
Bavaria,  March  1,  1779;  composed  a 
large  amount  of  music,  and  perfomed 
on  several  instruments,  but  was  chiefly 
celebrated  for  his  theoretical  works ; 
such  as,  "Musical  Compofiition,^'  "Dic- 
tionary of  Music,"  and  '^Thorough-Bass 
Instructor; -^  died  Sept.  12,  1839. 

Weber,  Heinrich  Dionys,  born  at 
Welchau,  Bohemia,  1771 ;  wrote  much 
dance-music,  and  introduced  orchestral 
music  in  the  ball-room ;  composed  three 
operettas,  songs,  and  instrumental 
music,  as  well  as  church  music ;  made 
improvements  in  keyed  instruments, 
adding  valves  to  horns,  and  invented  a 
method  of  tuning  the  kettle-drum  to 
any  desired  key ;  resided  at  Prague. 

Weber,  J.,  author  of  "The  Church  of 
England  Choral  Book,''  published  in 
London,  1856. 

Weber,  J.R.,  published  "School  Part- 
Songs,''  1862,  assisted  by  W.  J.  Unwin; 
and,  in  the  same  year,  "J.  Singing 
Method,^'  from  the  German. 

Webster,  J.  P.,  became  known  in 
New  England  as  director  of  a  quartet 
company  called  "  Euterpeans ;'''  after- 
wards as  a  popular  song-writer  at  New 
Albany,  Ind. ;  was  born  at  Manches- 
ter, N.H. ;  published  ''The  Signet  Ring,'' 
for  sabbath  schools,  Chicago,  1868. 

Weeden,  C,  a  composer  of  anthems 
and  other  music,  residing  at  London, 
England,  1702. 

Wehle,  Karl,  born  March  17,  1825 ; 
has  travelled  in  France,  Spain,  England, 
and  Germany,  giving  concerts,  and  has 
written  many  piano-forte  compositions ; 
went  to  reside  in  Paris,  1858. 

Wehli,  James  M.,  a  celebrated  pianist 
and  composer;  in  1866  gave  concerts 
through  the  States  with  Madame  Hoff- 


man; has  written  some  fine  composi- 
tions for  his  instrument. 

Wehran,  Augustus,  author  of  a 
''Theory  and  Practice  of  Tuning  in  Gen- 
eral," published  in  London,  1853. 

Weichsell,  Elizabeth,  born  in 
England,  1770;  became  famous,  after 
marriage,  as  Mrs.  Billington ;  died  1817. 
See  Billington. 

Weiprecht,  Herr,  a  celebrated 
band-master  and  composer,  died  at  Ber- 
lin, 1872. 

Weisenthal,  T.V.,  of  Boston,  Mass., 
1820,  became  known  as  the  composer  of 
several  pleasing  songs  published  there 
and  at  Philadelphia,  Penn. 

Weiss,  Carl  R.,  born  at  Muhlhousen ; 
was  a  flute-player  at  the  age  of  nine 
years ;  settled  at  Naples,  and  soon  gave 
concerts  in  Rome;  travelled  through 
Italy,  and  finally  settled  in  London, 
where  he  published  about  seventy  com- 
positions for  the  flute. 

Wels,  Charles,  born  at  Prague, 
1830;  came  to  this  country,  and  settled 
in  New  York,  where  he  is  known  as  a 
pianist,  teacher,  and  composer ;  has  pub- 
lished a  collection  of  "  Church  Music  " 
in  New  York,  1864,  and  many  composi- 
tions for  the  piano-forte. 

Welsh  Bards.  The  first  musician 
or  bard  was  an  officer  of  dignity  at  the 
court  of  the  Welsh  king;  and  music,  in 
Wales,  was  a  royal  accomplishment. 

Welsh  Harp,  an  instrument  of  large 
proportions,  of  simplicity,  and  without 
ornament;  it  has  two  rows  of  strings, 
one  of  which  gives  the  accidentals ;  one 
of  the  Welsh  harps  has  about  a  hundred 
strings. 

Welsh,  Thomas,  bom  at  Wells,  Eng- 
land, 1770;  was  engaged  as  an  oratorio- 
singer  at  the  Opera  House,  London, 
when  a  youth,  and  sang  in  several 
operas  written  for  his  voice ;  became  a 
composer  when  twenty-three  years  of 
age,  and  also  a  teacher. 

Welsh  Music  was  received  from  Ire- 
land about  1100;  it  differs  from  the 
Gaelic,  and  accords  with  the  perfect 
scale.  They  did  not  sing  in  unison,  but 
in  parts.  Some  of  the  old  Welsh  music 
is  very  pleasing. 

Wely-Lefebure,  M.  Louis  James 
Alfred,  born  at  Paris,  Nov.  13,  1817; 
knew  his  notes  and  the  use  of  the  key- 
board before  he  knew  his  letters;  be- 
came an  organist  at  the  age  of  fifteen ; 
was  noted  for  his  elegant  improvisations 
on  the  organ,  as  well  as  for  his  more  pre- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


163 


tentious  compositions;  was  celebrated 
as  a  composer  of  organ-music,  much  as 
yet  unpublished ;  died  at  Paris,  Decem- 
ber, 1809,  aged  52.  M.  Widor  succeeded 
him  as  organist  at  the  Church  of  Saint 
Sulpice. 

Weninqer,  Francis  Xavier,  born 
in  Austria,  1805;  came  to  this  country 
in  1830;  wrote  hymns  and  musical  ac- 
companiments, a  Te  Deum,  and  other 
music,  1858. 

Werner,  Anthony,  for  many  years 
a  well-known  organist  and  teacher  of 
music,  Boston,  Mass.,  died  there  Dec. 
21,  1866,  aged  50  years;  was  teacher  at 
the  N.  E.  institution  for  the  Blind  nine 
years,  and  a  member  of  the  orchestra  at 
the  old  Academy;  was  author  of  "  The 
Memorare,^^  a  collection  of  Catholic 
music,  1857. 

Wesley,  Charles,  son  of  Charles 
the  hymn-writer,  and  nephew  of  John ; 
born  at  Bristol,  England,  1757;  played 
the  harpsichord  when  a  child,  and  at 
the  age  of  thirteen  years  few  could 
excel  him;  went  to  London,  where  he 
became  at  once  known  as  a  performer 
and  composer;  in  1779  he  commenced 
giving  concerts;  in  1784  published  a 
collection  of  songs,  and  has  since  pub- 
lished much  other  music. 

Wesley,  Charles,  known  as  the 
hymn-writer,  son  of  Samuel  rector  of 
Epworth,  born  1708 ;  came  to  this  coun- 
try with  his  brother  John  as  a  mission- 
ary of  the  English  Church ;  returned  to 
England  1736 ;  was  a  musical  amateur, 
and  composed  some  psalmody;  died 
1788. 

Wesley,  Samuel  S.,  was  a  composer 
of  sacred  music,  and  wrote  chants  for 
the  daily  service,  London,  1846. 

West,  whose  name  is  connected  with 
many  of  the  old  psalm-tunes,  was  a 
teacher,  and  resident  of  Woodstock,  Vt. 

West,  Benjamin,  of  Northampton, 
England,  published  in  London,  1759, 
"iSacra  Concerto;  or,  The  Voice  of 
Melody.'' 

West,  H.,  a  teacher  of  vocal  and  in- 
strumental music,  London,  England, 
published  "A  Singing  Preceptor,''  1846, 
and  a  book  for  the  accordeon. 

Westlake,  Frederick,  a  member 
of  the  Royal  Academy,  London,  Eng- 
land, was  a  composer  of  sacred  music, 
and  published  one  collection  of  part- 
songs,  1863. 

Westropp,  E.  J.,  a  composer  of  mu- 
sic,   published    in    London,   1857,   five 


different  collections  of  music,  among 
which  were  *'  Carmina  Sacra"  and  the 
"  Normal  Singer." 

Westropp,  T.,  published,  from  1861 
to  1863,  123  anthems,  a  violin-tutor, 
many  sacred  songs,  and  a  complete 
organ-tutor. 

Westphal,  Johann  Christoph,  of 
Hamburg,  was  appointed,  in  1803,  or- 
ganist of  St.  Nicholas's  Church  in  that 
town.  He  was  celebrated  as  a  per- 
former on  that  instrument,  also  as  a 
pianist  and  violoncellist.  He  has  also 
composed  some  good  instrumental  mu- 

Wetmore,  Dr.  Truman  S-voorn 
Aug.  12,  1774,  in  Winchester,  Conn., 
was  one  of  the  old  pioneers  of  music  in 
New  England ;  a  contemporary  of  Jeuks, 
and  a  composer  of  music  popular  in  his 
time ;  died  in  Winchester  July  21,  1861. 
His  '^Florida"  and  *^ America"  are 
still  popular  tunes.  /^3    '^ 

Weyde,  Van  der,  the  inventor  of 
the  Telephone,  discovered  that  a  mag- 
netic current  sent  through  wires  pro- 
duced a  lengthening  and  shortening  of 
them,  and  that  the  vibrations  were  mu- 
sical, and  could  be  made  audible  by  a 
sounding-board ;  this  led  to  the  inven- 
tion. 

Weyse,  C.  E.  F.,  an  excellent  pianist, 
resided  at  Copenhagen  in  1798.  He  has 
published  much  instrumental  music,  of 
which  four  allegri  di  bravura  for  the 
piano-forte  were  republished  at  Berlin, 
in  1796,  by  the  chapel-masters  Schulz 
and  Reichardt.  He  also  produced  a 
symphony,  some  sonatas,  and  several 
operas. 

Wheat,  Dr.  Nathaniel,  born  at 
Canaan,  N.H.,  1773;  settled  in  Candia, 
N.  H.,  and  removed  to  Manchester; 
was  well  known  as  a  singer  and  violin- 
ist, though  an  eminent  physician;  pub- 
lished some  music,  taught  many  free 
schools ;  and  died  Jan.  25,  1857,  aged 
74  years. 

Wheatsone,  M.,  1829,  invented  an 
instrument  of  the  accordeon  family, 
in  England,  called  ^^  Concertina ;"  it 
was  first  introduced  into  America  by 
Mr.  Sedgwick,  1852 ;  the  tones  are  pro- 
duced as  upon  the  accordeon. 

Wheeler,  Miss,  a  singer  at  Covent 
Garden  Theatre,  London,  procured  for 
Mrs.  Billington  her  first  engagement  of 
three  years. 

Whichello,  Abriell,  organist  in 
London,  and  celebrated  as  a  teacher; 


164  A  DICTIONAET  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


composed  many  popular  songs;  and 
died  1745. 

White,  A.  Warren,  bom  at  Barre, 
Mass.,  August,  1826;  lias  been  engaged 
in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  violins, 
in  Boston,  Mass.,  twenty -five  years; 
and  has  gained  a  reputation  for  skill 
which  has  created  a  great  demand  for 
his  instruments  in  this  country. 

White,  B.  F.,  associated  with  E.  J. 
King,  published,  1844,  at  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  "  The  Sacred  Harp,''  262  pages; 
an  appendix,  1850,  enlarged  it  to  360 
pages ;  a  second  appendix,  1859,  made  a 
book  of  432  pages. 

White,  Edward  L.,  bom  in  New- 
buryport,  Mass.,  acquired  large  celebrity 
as  a  teacher  and  composer  of  music; 
settled  in  Boston,  where  he  published 
much  music,  vocal  and  instrumental, 
some  books,  and  some  instruction- 
books  ;  died  1851. 

White,  George  L.,  teacher  in  the 
school  for  colored  people  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  established  1866,  encouraged  the 
scholars  to  practise  the  melodies  of  their 
race,  and  with  a  select  number  com- 
menced giving  concerts ;  in  1871,  a  com- 
pany of  eight  was  formed,  called  '^Ju- 
bilee Singers,'^  who  came  North,  giving 
concerts,  and  realizing  in  one  tour  the 
sum  of  $20,000;  with  which  and  later 
earnings  was  founded  the  school  known 
as  Fisk  University  of  Tennessee. 

White,  John,  violin-maker,  Boston, 
Mass.,  made  one  instrument  which  be- 
came famous  from  the  fact  that  the  top 
was  made  from  a  part  of  an  organ  pre- 
sented to  the  town  of  Cambridge  1761 ; 
the  back  and  hoops  from  an  old  com- 
munion-table of  the  old  church  at  Lex- 
ington. 

White,  Robert,  was  an  excellent 
composer  of  church  services ;  he  died  in 
1581.  The  works  of  Wliite  do  not  ap- 
pear to  have  been  ever  printed. 

Whitefield,  the  celebrated  preacher, 
was  the  first  person  who  adapted  de- 
votional poetry  to  the  old  popular  songs 
of  the  Scotch  and  English.  His  reason 
was,  as  he  said,  "  because  it  was  not 
right  that  the  Devil  should  have  all  the 
good  music."  He  was  such  a  lover  of 
old  tunes,  that,  were  he  now  living,  he 
would  probably  be  willing,  rather  than 
give  up  the  best  music,  that  some  one 
should  take  the  modern  school  of  "  pro- 
fessors." 

Whiting,  George  E.,  a  well-known 
♦organist  and  teacher  at  the  New  Eng- 


land Conservatory  of  Music,  Boston, 
Mass. ;  his  method  of  instruction  is 
much  esteemed. 

Whiting,  S.  K.,  born  at  East  Win- 
throp.  Me.,  1831;  organist,  teacher, 
and  composer,  at  Rockland;  has  con- 
tributed to  several  collections  of  music, 
and  published  one  or  two  books  of 
sacred  music. 

Whiting,  Virginia,  under  the  as- 
sumed name  of  Lorini,  sang  at  Venice, 
Turin,  Edinburgh,  Brussels,  Cologne, 
Berlin,  Amsterdam,  Paris,  Leipsic, 
Dresden,  and  other  places. 

Whitney,  Myron  W.,  born  in  Ash- 
by,  Mass.,  Sept.  5,  1836;  in  early  life 
went  to  Boston,  Mass.,  and  became 
known  as  a  bass-singer,  and  teacher  of 
music ;  a  solo-singer  in  the  concerts  and 
oratorios  of  that  city ;  went  to  Europe, 
was  heard  in  London  and  elsewhere, 
when  he  became  famous ;  returning,  he 
has  been  considered  the  leading  bass- 
singer  in  this  country. 

Whittlesey,  Oramel,  bom  in  Say- 
brook,  Conn.,  Nov.  7,  1801;  in  1836,  he 
opened  a  seminary  for  instruction  in 
music,  called  ^^ Music  Vale  Seminary,^' 
at  Salem,  Conn. ;  ladies  only  are  admit- 
ted to  this  school;  as  a  composer  of 
songs  and  other  music  he  has  become 
well  known;  is  a  bass-singer,  and  a  per- 
former upon  several  instruments. 

Wiebe,  Edward,  born  at  Altona, 
Holstein,  Nov.  17,  1816;  early  became 
a  solo-singer  in  the  school  of  "Ton- 
halle;"  became  a  music-publisher  and 
writer  for  the  public  journals ;  came  to 
America  1851,  as  a  teacher  of  vocal 
and  instrumental  music;  invented  the 
"  Scale  Building  Key  Indicator,'^  the 
^' Music  Becorder,^^  and  other  useful 
things ;  has  been  an  organist,  teacher, 
director,  and  composer  at  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  since  his  arrival  in  this  country. 

WiECK,  Frederick,  born  1784,  was 
educated  for  the  ministry;  became  a 
performer  upon  the  harp,  piano -forte, 
violin,  horn,  and  double-bass,  without 
instruction;  settled  at  Leipsic  as  a 
teacher  of  music ;  became  famous  as  the 
instructor  of  Chopin  and  Schumann;  was 
known  as  a  great  worker  in  the  cause  of 
music ;  in  1840  went  to  reside  in  Dres' 
den;  and  died  at  Loschwitz,  Oct.  6, 
1873,  aged  89.  He  was  the  father  of 
Clara  Wieck,  now  the  widow  of  Robert 
Schumann. 

Wiedemann,  a  German  musician, 
and  celebrated  as  a  flutist,  went  to  Eng- 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


f  inn  /'^v.^L.  ) 


laud  172G;  his  quartets,  trios,  and 
duets  were  generally  known  in  Europe, 
where  he  was  long  principal  solo-per- 
fonner. 

WiENiAWSKi,  Heinrich,  bom  at 
LubJin,  Poland,  June  10,  1835.  There 
were  two  artists  of  this  name,  Heinrich 
the  violinist,  and  Joseph  the  pianist; 
Joseph  was  born  1838;  they  performed 
at  Munich,  1853 ;  Heinrich  took  the  first 
prize  at  the  Paris  Conservatory,  and  at 
the  age  of  sixteen  gave  concerts  at  Ber- 
lin; in  1858  was  with  JuUien  in  Lon- 
don, and  in  1859  was  solo-violinist  to 
the  Emperor  of  Russia ;  in  1860  was  a 
professor  in  the  conservatory  at  St. 
Petersburg ;  came  to  this  country  1872. 

WiEPKECHT,WiLHELM,  bom  at  Asch- 
ersleben,  Aug.  10,  1802;  in  1824  en- 
tered the  royal  Kapelle  at  Berlin  as 
violinist,  but  gave  his  attention  mostly 
to  military  music,  composing  much, 
and  making  improvements  in  wind-in- 
struments ;  invented  the  chromatic  bass- 
tuba  and  an  instrument  of  wood,  called 
batyphon ;  in  1838  became  regimental 
band-director  of  all  the  military  bands 
of  Prussia;  died  Aug.  4, 1871,  at  Berlin. 

WiGHTMAN,  Valentine,  of  Groton, 
Mass.,  published  an  "  E'ssa?/ "  concern- 
ing the  singing  of  psalms,  hymns,  and 
spiritual  songs  ;  undertaking  to  prove 
that  singing  was  a  duty. 

Wilder,  Levi,  born  June  17,  1807, 
at  Lancaster,  Mass.,  commenced  leading 
choirs,  and  teaching,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-two  years ;  went  to  Baltimore, 
Md.,  1840,  where  he  was  a  successful 
teacher  in  the  public  schools  for  seven 
years  ;  removed  to  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 
and  taught  music  in  the  schools  there 
twenty-two  years.  (See  "Tonograph.") 
Died  at  Brooklyn,  July  28,  1874,  and 
was  buried  at  Paterson,  N.  J. 

Wilder,  Philip  Van,  was  author- 
ized by  Edward  VI.  to  take,  in  any 
place  in  England,  1550,  as  many  singing 
children  as  he  thought  best,  and  teach 
them  how  to  sing  in  the  choirs  of  the 
cathedrals. 

Wilder,  Solon,  born  in  Princeton, 
Mass.,  1831,  was  a  composer  and  com- 
piler of  musical  works,  a  teacher  in  the 
Boston  Academy  of  Music,  and  a  well- 
known  conductor  of  musical  conven- 
tions ;  died  at  Princeton,  April  6,  1874 ; 
acquired  his  reputation  as  a  teacher  in 
Bangor,  Me. 

y*  Wilhelm,  Carl,  born  at  Schmalkal- 
/  den,  iu  Thuringia,  Sept.yS,  1815 ;  was  a 


teacher  and  director  of  singing  societies ; 
composed  much  piano-forte  music  and 
some  songs ;  set  to  music,  1854,  "  The 
Watch  on  the  Bhine;"  and  the  music 
of  this  one  song  made  him  suddenly 
famous  in  1865,  when  it  became  a 
favorite  with  the  German  troops ;  and, 
during  the  war  with  France,  it  became 
a  national  song.  See  Schneckenbur- 
ger. 

WiLHORST,  Cora  de,  born  in  New 
York,  became  known  as  a  public  singer 
after  her  marriage;  made  her  cUbut 
at  the  Academy,  1857 ;  gave  concerts  in 
the  large  cities,  and  went  to  Europe  as 
an  opera-singer. 

Willard,  Rev.  Samuel,  published 
at  Greenfield,  Mass.,  1814,  "  The  Deer- 
field  Collection  of  Sacred  Music  ;^^  it 
contained  the  music  popular  at  that 
time ;  144  pages. 

William  of  Malmesbury,  1143,  men- 
tions an  organ,  in  playing  which,  "  a 
wind  forced  out  by  the  violence  of 
water,  passing  through  brass  pipes,  sends 
forth  musical  tones."  This  may  have 
been  something  like  the  steam-organ,  or 
calliope,  which  see. 

William  II.,  King  of  Holland,  was 
by  instinct  a  musician  and  composer; 
composed  when  he  rode  about  the  coun- 
try on  horseback;  when  he  returned 
sang  his  melodies  to  his  precentor,  who 
added  the  accompaniments. 

William  IX.,  Count  of  Poitou,  was 
one  of  the  earliest  troubadours,  who 
"sang  new  songs,  and  whose  songs  are 
not  like  the  songs  of  any  other."  He 
was  born  in  1071,  and  died  1122. 

Williams,  A.,  of  London,  England,  ^./"jj 
a    successful    composer    of    psalmody,       ^ 
wrote  the  first  fugue-music  introduced  v ,  n^ 
into  this  country.    T.  Williams,  proba-      ^ 
bly  a  brother,  was  also  a  composer.    His 
name    became   familiar   in    this    coun- 
try as  associated  with  William  Tansur; 
they  published  "  Williams'  and  Tansur' s 
Collection'^   of  popular   psalmody.     A 
collection  of  music  by  these  composers 
was  published  at  Newburyport,  Mass., 
by  Daniel  Bailey,  1769. 

Williams,  George  Ebenezer,  cho- 
rister at  St.  Paul's,  and  in  1815  organ- 
ist at  Westminster  Abbey;  died  1819, 
and  was  buried  in  the  cloisters. 

Williams,  W.,  of  Boston,  Mass., 
published,  1855,  "  Gloria  in  Excelsis," 
a  collection  of  church-music  entirely 
new ;  also  some  other  works. 

Willis,  Richard  Storrs,  born  in 


166 


A  DICTIONAKY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Boston,  Mass.,  Feb.  10,  1819;  after 
graduating  at  Yale  College,  where  he 
was  president  of  the  Beethoven  Club, 
and  where  he  organized  the  "  Student's 
Concert,"  went  to  Germany;  returned 
1849;  lectured  in  the  States  on  church 
music;  settled  in  New  York,  and  be- 
came connected  with  the  newspaper 
press;  published  the  "  Musical  Worlcl;'^ 
became  known  as  a  composer,  and  pub- 
lished some  books  of  sacred  music  and 
piano-forte  compositions. 

WiLT^is,  Robert,  of  Lexington,  Ky., 
published,  1834,  "  The  Lexington  Cabi- 
net,^^  200  pages;  a  collection  of  church 
psalmody. 

Wilson,  Henry,  of  Greenfield,  Mass., 
in  1855  became  organist  and  director  at 
Hartford,  Conn.,  where  he  composed 
much  of  the  music  used  by  his  choir. 

Wilson,  James,  known  as  the  au- 
thor of  "  The  London  Musical  Cyclo- 
pedia.^' 

Wilson,  John,  renowned  as  a  singer 
of  Scotch  ballads ;  born  in  the  canon- 
gate  of  Edinburgh,  Dec.  25,  1800  ;  was 
for  many  years  a  teacher,  and  giver  of 
concerts,  but  in  1830  appeared  in  opera, 
and  became  a  great  favorite  in  Scotland, 
England,  and  Germany;  came  to  this 
country  1838;  after  making  a  tour  of 
the  States,  went  to  Canada;  died  at 
Quebec,  July,  1849;  buried  at  Quebec, 
where  a  monument  marks  his  grave, 
erected  in  1853. 

Wilson,  William,  published  in 
London  a  collection  of  '^  Scotch  Songs,'' 
original,  for  voice  and  harpsichord,  with 
violin  or  flute  accompaniments ;  one  of 
these  songs  is  *'  Roy's  Wife  of  Aldi- 
valloch." 

Winch,  A.  B.,  teacher  of  music  at 
Taunton,  Mass.,  in  18.59  produced  a 
cantata  entitled  '■^Demetrius." 

WiNKw^oKTH,  Catharine,  authoress 
of  a  number  of  musical  works;  pub- 
lished the  ^''Choral  Boole,"  '''Christian 
Singers,"  and  other  collections  of  mu- 
sic, in  London,  England;  also  some 
music  in  New  York,  1858. 

Winner,  Septimus,  born  in  Phila- 
delphia, Penn.,  known  as  a  music- 
dealer,  publisher,  composer,  and  author 
of  several  instruction-books ;  published 
in  Boston  and  New  York,  1874. 

Winter,  Peter  Von,  the  eminent 
composer  and  violinist,  born  in  Mann- 
heim, 1754;  was  conductor  of  the  or- 
chestra of  the  theatre  at  Munich,  1770, 
and  vice  chapel-master;  celebrated  for 


his  many  compositions  for  the  theatres 
of  his  own  country,  and  for  the  Italian 
stage ;  died  1825,  in  Munich. 

Winterstein,  Carl,  editor  of  the 
^'Deutsche  Miisik - Zeitung ,"  Philadel- 
phia, Penn. ;  successor  of  Philip  Rohr, 
who  was  the  editor  after  P.  M.  Wolfsie- 
per  the  founder,  1850. 

Withers,  George,  published  "  Songs 
and  Hymns  of  the  Church,"  1624;  but 
Sternhold  and  Hopkins'  version  was 
used,  though  the  Bishop  of  Canterbury 
approved  Withers' s  book,  with  the  alter- 
ation of  only  one  word. 

Witt,  Theodore  de,  born  at  Nieder- 
wesel,  in  the  Netherlands,  went  to  Ber- 
lin, where  he  became  a  pianist  and 
composer;  in  1850  went  to  Rome,  and 
thence  to  Italy,  where  he  was  success- 
ful as  a  composer;  and,  after  publishing 
some  important  works  at  JJdannheim, 
died  Dec.  1,  1855. 

WocHNiNG,  Carl,  a  fine  musician, 
member  of  the  New  York  Philharmonic 
Society,  died  in  New  York,  1848;  about 
seventy  of  his  fellow-musicians  formed 
themselves  into  a  military  band,  and 
performed  funeral  marches  at  his  grave. 

Wolff,  M.  Auguste,  of  Paris, 
France,  in  1858  invented  an  instrument 
named  ^^  Pedalier ;"  it  is  independent 
in  itself,  having  its  own  strings  and 
hammers,  as  well  as  mechanism;  the 
pedals  are  for  the  feet,  and  the  per- 
former uses  them  while  his  hands  are 
upon  the  keyboard  of  the  piano-forte, — 
combining  the  two  instruments. 

WoLFSiEFER,  P.  M.,  editor  of  the 
^^  Deutsche  Musik- Zeitung,"  Philadel- 
phia, Penn. ;  founder  of  the  German 
singing  societies  of  that  city;  director 
of  musical  festivals,  and  known  as  a 
composer  of  merit  ;  commenced  his 
paper  1856. 

WoLFSOHN,  Carl,  a  Hungarian,  and 
superior  pianist,  gave  concerts  in  the 
States,  1836;  had  resided  mostly  in 
Philadelphia,  where  he  composed  much 
music  for  his  instrument. 

Women-Singers.  Among  the  Ameri- 
can scruples  of  conscience,  the  second 
was,  "whether  women  may  sing  as 
well  as  men;  because  woman  may  not 
speak  in  church,  how,  then,  shall  she 
sing?"  It  was  decided  that  all  must 
pray,  and  therefore  all,  including  wo- 
man, may  sing.  Women  were  forbid- 
den to  sing  by  the  pope,  1686. 

Wood,  Abraham,  of  Northborough, 
Mass.,  published  a  collection  of  original 


^V/>v^  *^  P 


0*.v/vv_^  ^AH---«-->^/'J~"t^'^V7^->r)'^>-v^ 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


167 


»  Woodman,  J.'^  C,  of  New  York, 
teacher  and  composer,  published  **  Mu- 
sical Casket,'^  and  other  works. 

Woods,  Geokge,  head  of  the  firm  of 
George  Woods  &  Co.,  Cambridgeport, 
Mass.,  manufacturers  of  the  Woods 
organs,  is  an  inventor  of  many  improve- 
ments in  reed-instruments. 

WooDWORTH,  Samuel,  author  of 
"  The  Old  Oaken  Bucket,"  was  born  in 
Scituate,  Mass.,  Jan.  13,  1785;  was  con- 
nected with  several  newspapers  in  Bos- 
ton, New  Haven,  and  New  York ;  died 
Dec.  9,  1842 ;  his  song  will  ever  hold  its 
place  among  the  best  of  American  com- 
positions ;  was  the  author  of  an  opera, 
"  The  Forest  Rose.'' 

WooLETT,  John,  of  Chicago,  a  solo 
tenor-singer,  an  enthusiastic  musician, 
excellent  conductor  and  voice-teacher, 
1873. 

Worcester  Collection.  After  five 
editions  of  this  work  had  been  pub- 
lished, 1786  to  1797,  Oliver  Holden 
altered,  corrected,  revised,  and  added  to 
the  sixth  edition,  which  was  printed  at 
Boston,  Mass  .  by  Thomas  &  Andrews ; 
Holden  became  interested  in  the  work, 
and  edited  the  three  later  editions. 

Worcester  Musical  Association 
has  held  meetings  since  1852 ;  was  or- 
ganized as  a  society  1863,  and  has  held 
annual  meetings  regularly. 

WoRDE,  Wynkyn  de,  published, 
1521,  a  set  of  "  Christmas  Carrols ; " 
festal  chansons  for  enlivening  the  mer- 
riments of  Christmas. 

WoRGAN,  Thomas  D.,  author  of 
some  musical  works,  London,  1807 ;  but 
chiefly  known  by  his  *'  Games,'"  con- 
structed on  the  principles  of  music. 

Wragg,  J.,  of  London,  England,  a 
flutist  and  composer;  author  of  an 
excellent  '■^  Flute  Preceptor"  which  has 
gone  through  forty  editions  in  Lon- 
don, and  has  been  also  published  in 
this  country. 

Wright,  Charles,  was  very  popu- 
lar among  the  singers  and  dancers  of 
the  Haymarket  Theatre,  London,  and 
was  called  "Champagne  Charley."  Late 
in  life  he  labored  under  the  monomania 
that  one  of  his  legs  belonged  to  Mme. 
Vestris,  and  refused  to  stand  up  or 
walk  on  that  account ;  from  him  origin- 
ated the  name  of  the  song,  "  Champagne 
Charley." 

Wright,  Melvin,  born  at  London- 
derry, Vt.,  Feb.  22,  1824;  became  well 
known  as  a  singer,  teacher,  and  com- 


psalmody,  called  ^^  Divine  Songs,"  1789; 
and  a  second  edition  in  1790. 

Wood,  D.  S.,  of  Virginia,  1852,  in- 
vented an  attachment  of  a  violin  to 
the  piano-forte ;  it  is  played  with  four 
bows,  producing  soft  and  sweet  tones 
when  the  piano-forte  is  used. 

Wood,  David  B.,  born  blind,  1836, 
learned  music,  and  became  a  teacher 
at  the  Institution  for  the  Blind  in  Penn- 
sylvania, where  he  produced  a  number 
of  compositions  of  rare  merit,  and  a 
^^  Dictionary  of  Musical  Terms,"  in 
raised  letters  for  the  blind. 

Wood,  Mrs.  Mary,  formerly  Miss 
Paton,  born  at  Edinburgh,  Scotland, 
1802;  was  first  known  as  a  singer  when 
Miss  Paton;  composed  several  songs, 
which  were  publislied,  when  five  years 
of  age;  gave  concerts  1810,  at  which 
she  performed  upon  the  harp  and  piano- 
forte ;  appeared  at  the  Haymarket  Thea- 
tre, as  a  theatrical  singer,  1822 ;  became 
famous  as  an  opera  -  singer ;  married 
Joseph  Wood ;  came  with  him  to  this 
country  1833 ;  both  were  popular  singers 
here ;  in  1856  they  were  living  at  Wake- 
field, but  afterwards  settled  at  Man- 
chester, England,  where  she  died, 
1863. 

Wood,  Thomas,  author  of  the  oldest 
manuscripts  in  Scotland  containing 
secular  music;  he  wrote  four  books, 
which  consumed  four  years'  time ;  they 
were  completed  in  1566 ;  each  book  con- 
tained a  distinct  part  of  the  music  used 
after  the  Reformation. 

WooDBRiDGE,  WiLLiAM  C,  the  emi- 
nent geographer,  was  tlie  first  to  advo- 
cate the  expediency  and  practicability 
of  introducing  vocal  music  as  a  branch 
of  common-school  education,  in  a  lec- 
ture at  Boston,  Mass.,  before  a  conven- 
tion of  teachers  representing  eleven 
States  of  the  Union. 
,  Woodbury,  Isaac  B.,  born  at  Bever- 
^-'  ly,  Mass.A^1819,  first  became  known  in 
1849,  in  connection  with  the  '^Ba7j  State 
Glee  Club;"  in  1851  visited  Europe, 
and  after  liis  return  became  known  by 
the  publication  of  a  number  of  music- 
books  and  some  popular  songs;  his 
church  music  books,  sabbath  -  school 
books,  glee-books,  and  instruction-books, 
were  popular ;  was  connected  with  seve- 
ral musical  papers  as  editor,  and  as  con- 
tributor in  New  York ;  held  many  mu- 
sical conventions;  composed  largely; 
and  died  at  Columbia,  S.  C,  Oct.  26, 
1858,  aged  39. 


168 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


poser  of  songs  and  other  music,  after  he 
settled  at  Proctorsville. 

Wright,  Thomas,  born  at  Stockton, 
England,  1763,  resided  at  Croft ;  author 
of  a  concerto,  1795,  and  a, '' Primer  of 
Music  ;^^  was  the  first  to  introduce  a 
method  of  marking  time  by  the  oscilla- 
tions of  the  pendulum ;  his  father  was 
the  organist  at  Stockton. 

WUNDEBLICH,  JOHANN  GeORG,  born 

at  Bayreuth,  1755;  was,  in  1800,  flutist 
in  the  orchestra  of  the  Grand  Opera  at 
Paris;  published  various  works  for  the 
flute ;  died  1819. 

WuNDERLiCH,  C.  F.,  born  at  Culm- 
bach,  1722 ;  a  composer,  and  a  performer 
upon  the  hautboy  and  clarinet  from 
1738  to  1770. 

WuRSCHAWSKi,  P.  I.  J.,  author  of 
^^ Music  of  the  Bible,^'  and  '^Specimens  of 
Temple  Music,'^  London,  1870. 

Wyat,  Sir  Thomas,  of  England, 
was  the  first  of  his  countrymen  who 
versified  any  part  of  the  book  of 
Psalms  for  the  purpose  of  being  set  to 
music. 

Wyeth,  John,  of  Harrisburg, 
Penn.,  published  at  Philadelphia,  1826, 
*'  Wyeth'' s  Repository^'''  144 pages;  there 
were  as  many  as  five  different  collec- 
tions of  music  by  this  author.  He  was 
born  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  1792;  died 
1858. 

Wylde,  H.,  bom  1795;  chorister  at 
the  Chapel  Royal,  1805 ;  organist  at  Wat- 


ford, 1809;  published  many  songs  and 
glees. 

Wyman,  Addison  P.,  born  in  Cor- 
nish, N.H.,  June  23,  1832;  early  be- 
came a  violinist ;  taught  vocal  and  in- 
strumental music;  in  1859  was  em- 
ployed as  a  teacher  at  Wheeling,  Va. ; 
in  1867  opened  a  music-school  at  Clare- 
mont,  N.H.,  and  became  extensively 
known  as  a  composer  of  piano-forte 
music;  died  at  Washington,  Penn., 
April  15,  1872 ;  the  body  was  buried  at 
Cornish.  His  wife,  Anne  E.,  died  in 
Boston,  Sept.  24,  1871,  aged  36 ;  a  good 
soprano-singer. 

Wyman,  Chancey  Milton,  born  at 
Rockingham,  Vt.,  Dec.  20,  1835,  became 
known  as  a  teacher,  and  composer  of 
church-music  and  songs,  1859;  settled 
at  Keene,  N.H.  vUi 

Wyman,  Charles  S.,  a  native  of 
New  York ;  wrote  articles  upon  music 
and  musical  composition. 

Wynne,  Miss  Edith,  a  distinguished 
London  vocalist,  sang  in  Boston,  Mass., 
1874,  at  the  Handel  and  Haydn  Society 
festival ;  returned  to  London,  May,  1874. 

Wythorne,  Thomas,  wrote  "  Songs 
for  Five  Voices,"  with  musical  notes; 
published  by  John  Daye,  1571.  A  de- 
scendant of  this  Daye  afterwards  came 
to  America,  and  was  the  first  printer  who 
practised  the  art  of  printing  in  this 
country,  printing  here  the  ^^  Bay  Psalm 
Book:' 


X. 


Xavier,  Anton  Maria,  chamber- 
violinist  to  the  Emperor  Napoleon,  and 
member  of  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Music,  was  born  at  Paris  in  1769;  his 
violin-playing  was  greatly  admired  at 
Paris;  he  published  several  composi- 
tions for  his  instrument,  and  many  ro- 
mances. 

XiMENES,  Fran.,  cardinal,  and  Arch- 
bishop of  Toledo,  was  born  at  Tordela- 
guna  in  1457 ;  he  took  a  very  active  part 
in  the  organization  of  the  Spanish 
church  music  of  his  time;  and  intro- 


duced the  Mozarabic  or  Gothic  chant, 
which  differs  in  several  respects  from 
the  Gregorian  and  Ambrosian  chants. 

XiNDAVCLONis,  a  Greek,  who  married 
Angelina  Bosio  after  her  divorce  from 
her  Spanish  husband,  was  formerly  her 
courier  and  cook.  On  the  death  of  the 
well-known  opera-singer,  lier  Greek  hus- 
band received  a  fortune  of  600,000  francs, 
and  was  knighted  by  the  King  of  Greece ; 
in  1870  he  became  insane,  lost  his  prop- 
erty, and  died  a  pauper  in  1872,  in  Lon- 
don. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


169 


T. 


Yaniewicz,  Felicia,  became  distin- 
guished as  an  admirable  pianist  and 
singer;  her  public  performances  when 
quite  young  were  creditable. 

Yaniewicz,  Felix,  was  long  well 
known  in  the  musical  world  as  a  very 
eminent  performer  on  the  violin.  His 
style  seems  to  have  been  more  the  result 
of  his  own  peculiar  mode  of  feeling  and 
expression  than  any  scholastic  imitation 
or  predilection ;  his  concertos,  trios, 
duets,  and  other  compositions,  gave 
proof  of  a  fine  and  cultivated  taste. 
Born  at  Wilna. 

Yaniewicz,  Pauline,  was  also  a 
vocalist  of  great  reputation,  and  was 
chiefly  educated  by  her  father. 

YoNGE,  Nicholas,  author  of  a  work 
entitled  ^^  Musica  Transalpina,^^  pub- 
lished in  London  in  the  year  1588. 

Yost,  Michael.  Under  this  name 
several  pieces  of  instrumental  music 
were  published  at  Paris  about  the  year 
1790. 

Young,  Andrew,  of  Scotland,  while 
residing  at  Edinburgh,  composed  the 
famous  Sunday-school  hymn,  "  There  is 
a  Happy  Land.^^ 

Young,  Db.,  discovered  that  a  lyre, 
from  which  he  had  removed    all  the 


strings  but  one,  would,  on  being  placed 
in  a  current  of  air,  produce  many  notes 
and  some  chords. 

Young,  Matthew,  published  at  Dub- 
lin, in  1784,  a  treatise  entitled  ^' An  In- 
quiry into  the  principal  Phenomena  of 
Sounds  and  Musical  Strinr/s  ;  "  he  died 
at  Whitworth,  in  Lancashire,  in  the  year 
1800. 

Young,  Walter,  wrote  a  dissertation 
on  the  influence  of  poetry  and  music  on 
the  Highlanders;  was  profoundly  skilled 
in  the  theory  of  music ;  died  at  Erskine, 
Scotland,  Aug.  6,  1814. 

Yriarte,  Don  Tomas  de,  a  Spanish 
author,  published  at  Madrid,  in  1779,  a 
poem  in  five  cantos,  entitled  "Za 
Musica.^^ 

YssANDON,  Jean,  a  French  musician, 
published  at  Paris,  in  1582,  a  work  en- 
titled, "  Traite  de  Musique  pratique, 
divisee  en  deux  Parties,''^  &c. 

Yzo  published  in  1754,  probably  at 
Paris,  two  works,  entitled  ^^  Apoloyie  de 
la  Musique  et  des  Musiciens  franQais, 
contre  les  Assertio7is  peu  melodieuses, 
peu  mesurees  et  mal  fondees  de  J.  J. 
Rousseau,  Citoyen  de  Geneve,'^  and  '*  Let- 
tre  sur  celle  de  J.  J.  Rousseau  sur  la 
Musique.'* 


Z. 


Zabern,  Jacob,  published  at  Mu- 
nich, in  1500,  a  work  entitled  ^^Ars 
bene  cantandi  Choralem  Cantum.^' 

Zaccariis,  or  Zachriis,  Cesar  de, 
born  at  Cremona,  was  musician  to  the 
Bavarian  court,  and  flourished  towards 
the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

Z ach,  Johann,  was  born  in  Bohemia ; 
was  chapel-master  to  the  Elector  of 
Mentz;  and  his  instrumental  composi- 
tions were  much  admired;  he  died  in 
poverty  in  1773. 

Zaccharelli,  an  Italian  dramatic 
composer  in  the  latter  part  of  the  last 
century. 

Zacharia,  Justin  Friedrich  Wil- 
HELM,  an  eminent  German  poet  and 
composer,  was  professor  of  belles  lettres 
at  the  Gymnasium  in  Brunswick,  where 


he  died  in  1777;  his  compositions  were 
chiefly  vocal. 

Zacharl^,  of  Switzerland,  1872,  in- 
vented "  The  Art  Pedal''  for  the  piano- 
forte; by  it  he  claims  that  many  fine 
and  novel  effects  can  be  produced. 

Zachau,  Friedrich  Wilhelm,  the 
son  of  a  musician  of  Leipsic,  was  born 
in  that  town  in  1C63 ;  became  a  deeply- 
skilled  proficient  in  the  science  of  music, 
and  likewise  attained  some  excellence  as 
a  performer  on  the  organ  and  other  in- 
struments ;  was  organist  of  the  Church 
of  the  Virgin  Mary  at  Halle,  in  Saxony, 
where  he  continued  until  his  death,  in 
the  year  1721;  composed  several  pieces 
for  the  church,  and  some  lessons  for  the 
harpsichord. 

Zacchini,    Giulio,    an    organist    at 


170 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Venice,  published  in  1572  a  work  en- 
titled "  Motetti  a  4  vocV^ 

Zacconi,  Ludovico,  a  musician  in 
the  service  of  the  Duke  of  Bavaria,  was 
the  author  of  an  excellent  work,  printed 
at  Venice,  first  in  1591  and  afterwards 
in  1596,  under  the  title  of  ^^Pratica  di 
Muslca.'^ 

Zahn,  a  celebrated  performer  on  the 
bassoon,  was  born  in  Franconia ;  he  was 
engaged,  in  1761,  in  the  Imperial  Chapel 
of  St.  Petersburg,  and  resided  in  Russia 
during  twenty  years. 

Zampieri,  or  Sampteri,  a  good  Ital- 
ian violinist,  resided  for  some  time  in 
England  about  the  year  1795. 

Zaxciiius,  court  musician  and  organ- 
ist to  the  Emperor  Rudolph  II.,  was 
born  at  Treviso,  1570;  flourished  at 
Prague  at  the  commencement  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  and  published 
there,  amongst  other  works,  "5  Vesper- 
Psalmen  von  8  und  12  Stimmen,^'  160.3. 

Zanetti  or  Zanettini,  Antonio,  a 
Venetian,  was  chapel-master  to  the  Duke 
of  Modena;  he  brought  out  at  Venice 
six  operas  from  1675  to  1706. 

Zanetti,  Francesco,  chapel-master 
at  Perugia,  was  born  at  Volterra  about 
the  year  1740;  in  1790  he  resided  in 
England,  where  he  published  several 
compositions  for  the  violin. 

Zanotti,  Franc.  M.,  an  Italian  au- 
thor, published  at  Milan,  between  1770 
and  1782,  his  famous  musical  letters. 

Zanotti,  Giovanni  Calisto,  was  in 
1770  chapel-master  at  Bologna ;  in  1791 
he  is  named  as  a  dramatic  composer  in 
the  Milan  theatrical  calendar. 

Zapf,  Johann  Nepomuk,  pianist  at 
Gratz,  published,  chiefly  at  Vienna, 
many  works  for  his  instrument  since 
the  year  1800. 

Zappa,  Francesco,  a  good  violon- 
cellist and  composer  for  his  instrument, 
published  some  of  his  music  at  Paris 
about  the  year  1776. 

Zarlino,  Giuseppe,  a  celebrated 
chapel-master  of  St.  Mark's  Church  at 
Venice,  was  born  at  Chiaggia,  near 
Venice,  1520;  his  theoretical  works 
raised  him  to  the  rank  of  one  of  the 
first  classical  authors  of  the  sixteenth 
century ;  also  celebrated  as  a  composer ; 
died  1.590. 

Zeller,  G.  B.  L.,  chapel-master  to 
the  Duke  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  and 
composer  of  some  dramatic  and  violin 
music,  died  at  Strelitz  in  the  year  1803. 

Zellinger,  a  celebrated  pianist  of 


Vienna,  published  there,  1800,  a  number 
of  works  for  his  instrument,  and  died 
at  an  advanced  age. 

Zelter,  Carl  Friedrich,  born  at 
Berlin,  Dec.  11,  1758;  was  so  fond  of 
music  that  he  would  spend  whole  nights 
writing  music,  and  playing  the  piano- 
forte and  violin ;  became  celebrated  as  a 
performer,  composer,  and  director  of 
music;  was  a  professor  at  tlie  Berlin 
Academy,  and  connected  with  the  vocal 
societies;  died  May  15,  1832,  aged  74; 
his  songs,  especially  the  comic  songs, 
are  more  celebrated  than  his  church 
music. 

Zenaro,  da  Sal,o  Giulio,  a  musi- 
cian of  the  sixteenth  century,  published 
at  Venice  in  1590,  ^^MadrigaU  Spirituali 
a  3  rod." 

Zeno,  Apostolo,  born  at  Venice, 
1669 ;  composed  several  musical  dramas, 
46  operas,  and  17  oratorios ;  died  1750, 
aged  81. 

Zerr,  Anna,  came  to  this  country 
witli  Jullien,  1853 ;  had  become  famous 
as  a  singer  at  Vienna,  previously ;  re- 
turned after  a  sliort  season. 

Zerrahn,  Carl,  the  well-known  or- 
chestral conductor  in  this  country,  was 
born  in  Malchon,  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of 
Mecklenburg -Schwerin,  July  28,  1826; 
came  to  America  with  the  Germania 
Musical  Society  during  tlie  German  revo- 
lution ;  settled  in  Boston,  but  for  six  years 
played  the  flute  and  other  instruments 
with  the  Germanians,  travelling  through 
the  United  States  and  Canada ;  became 
conductor  of  tlie  Handel  and  Haydn 
Society,  1857,  and  of  the  Harvard  Mu- 
sical Association ;  also  directed  the  Or- 
chestral Union  and  the  Philharmonic 
concerts ;  has  also  had  charge  of  other 
societies,  and  was  a  teacher  in  the  high 
and  normal  schools  of  Boston  from  1858 
until  1867;  is  now  a  teacher  in  the 
New  England  Conservatory  of  Music, 
and  conductor  in  town  and  country. 

Zetus,  a  son  of  Jupiter  and  Antiope, 
very  expert  in  music. 

Zeuner,  Charles,  born  at  Eisleben, 
Saxony,  Seril.  20, 1795;  came  to  Boston, 
Mass. ,  1824,  wliere  he  was  celebrated  as 
an  organist  and  composer;  published 
several  excellent  musical  works;  his 
oratorio,  ^^ Feast  of  Tabernacles,^'  was 
performed  in  Boston  several  times ;  was 
organist  at  the  Handel  and  Haydn  Soci- 
ety ;  assisted  Lowell  Mason  in  his  pub- 
lications, for  which  he  wrote  much 
music ;  removed  to  Philadelphia,  Perm., 


l^  f4<AA^/Y\jLi^    C/Ly^%n 


/wV 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


171 


1854;  died  at  Smith's  Woods,  near  Cam- 
den, N.J.,  Nov.  7,  1857,  aged  62. 

ZiANi,  Don  Pietbo  Andkea,  by 
birth  a  Venetian,  was  in  early  age 
chapel-master  of  St.  Mark's  at  Venice, 
and  subsequently  entered  the  service  of 
the  court  at  Vienna.  He  was  one  of 
the  best  theorists  of  his  time,  and  the 
number  of  his  practical  works  attests 
the  fecundity  of  his  talent. 

ZiANi,  Makco  Antonio,  was  a  rela- 
tion of  the  preceding,  and  his  successor 
in  the  place  of  chapel-master  at  Vienna. 
Some  of  his  sonatas  were  published  at 
Amsterdam,  and  likewise  his  operas 
and  oratorios. 

ZiEBER,  George  B.,  of  Philadelphia, 
Penn.,  published,  1848,  ^^ Songs  for  the 
People,"  in  the  form  of  a  monthly 
magazine. 

Ziegler,  Franz,  published  at  Nu- 
remberg, in  1740,  a  work  entitled  "84 
Interludia,  sive  breviores  versiculi  ad 
Musicam  Choralem  ubique  necessarii." 
Some  time  afterwards  he  published  a 
second  collection  of  eighty  easy  fugues. 

Ziegler,  Joseph,  a  good  violinist  at 
Vienna  about  the  year  1750.  He  was 
one  of  the  masters  of  Von  Dittersdorf. 

Ziegler,  Christian  Gottlieb,  an 
excellent  organist  and  learned  musician 
at  Quedlinburg  in  the  first  half  of  the 
.last  century. 

ZiELCHE,  Hans  Heinrich,  chamber- 
musician  and  flutist  to  the  King  of 
Denmark,  also  court-organist  at  Copen- 
hagen, published  there  and  at  Berlin 
much  music  for  the  flute  between  the 
years  1775  and  1790. 

ZiMMERMANN,  Anton,  Organist  of 
the  Cathedral  Church  at  Presburg;  died 
in  1781.  He  left  much  instrumental 
music  of  his  composition,  chiefly  in 
manuscript. 

ZiMMERMANN,  MADAME,  was  an  ex- 
cellent singer;  her  husband  dying,  she 
lost  her  property,  and  was  compelled  to 
teach  music ;  became  so  celebrated  as 
to  be  able  to  establish  an  extensive  mu- 
sical institute,  which  flourished  during 
her  life. 

ZiMMERMANN,  MATTHIAS,  a  German 
church-composer  towards  the  close  of 
the  seventeenth  century. 

ZiMMERMANN,  PlERRE  JoSEPH  GUIL- 

liAUME,  was  born  at  Paris,  March  17, 
1785;  at  fourteen  years  of  age  he  ob- 
tained the  prize  for  performance  on  the 
piano-forte,  and  for  composition.  His 
compositions  consist  of  piano-forte  mu- 


sic and  a  great  variety  of  romances; 
died  at  Paris,  November,  1853. 

ZiNGARELLi,  NicoLO,  chapel-mastcf 
of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome,  was  born  at 
Naples,  April  4,  1752,  or,  according  to 
Gerber,  at  Milan  in  1700;  wrote  for 
almost  ail  the  theatres  in  Italy;  and 
after  having  visited  Paris  in  the  year 
1789,  where  he  produced  his  "^nti|7one," 
he  returned  to  Italy,  being  chosen  chap- 
el-master to  the  Cathedral  of  Milan. 
This  situation  he  subsequently  relin- 
quished, being  elected,  on  the  death  of 
the  celebrated  Guglielmi  in  1804,  to  his 
place  in  the  chapel  of  the  Vatican. 
From  this  epoch,  church  music  was  the 
only  species  of  composition  to  which  he 
applied  himself.  Zingarelli  died.  May 
5,  1837. 

ZiNK,  Benedict  Friedrich,  organ- 
ist of  the  cathedral  at  Schleswick  in 
1783,  published  some  admired  instru- 
mental music;  died  at  Ludwigslust  in 
1801. 

ZiNK,  Hartnack  Otto  Conrad, 
master  of  the  choristers  at  the  Chapel- 
Royal  of  Copenhagen ;  a  good  performer 
on  the  flute  and  piano-forte,  and  pub- 
lished several  compositions  for  those  in- 
struments. 

Zither,  the  guitar  or  cithern. 

Zithern,  an  instrument  composed  of 
the  harp  and  guitar;  introduced  into 
this  country  by  the  Hauser  family,  1849. 

ZoELLNER,  Carl,  a  celebrated  musi- 
cian, was  so  devoted  to  his  art  that  he 
failed  to  accumulate  property;  died 
November,  1860 ;  and  the  German  sing- 
ing societies  contributed  to  support  his 
family. 

ZoNi,  M.,  born  at  Brussels;  became 
famous  from  his  power  of  imitating, 
with  his  mouth,  a  whole  orchestra  of 
instruments ;  is  not  only  a  musician  of 
merit,  but  a  musical  ventriloquist ;  has 
composed  several  pieces  and  an  overture 
for  his  special  use. 

ZoNKA,  or  ZoNCA,  or  ZONGA,  Jo- 
hann  Baptiste,  a  good  bass -singer, 
and  performer  on  the  harmonica,  be- 
longing to  the  Elector's  Chapel  at  Mu- 
nich till  1786,  when  he  returned  to  Italy, 
his  native  country.  He  published  sev- 
eral bass-songs,  with  instrumental  ac- 
companiments. 

ZoPFF,  Dr.  Herrman,  born  in  Gla- 
gan,  Silesia;  founder  of  the  Berlin  Op- 
era Academy,  and  author  of  the  opera 
'■'Mahomet ;"  was  celebrated  as  a  com- 
poser and  musician. 


172 


A  DICTION'AKY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


Zoppis,  Fkancesco,  chapel-master 
to  the  Emperor  of  Russia  at  St.  Peters- 
burg in  1756 ;  his  serious  and  comic  op- 
eras were  very  successful. 

ZuccARi,  Carlo,  an  Italian  violinist 
and  composer,  flourished  about  the  year 
1770;  was  for  some  time  in  England, 
and  published  in  London  '■'The  Art  of 
Adagio,"  consisting  of  solos  for  the 
violin  and  bass;  and  "  T/iree  Trios  for 
Two  Violins  and  Bass.^' 

ZuccARi,  Giovanni,  an  Italian  dra- 
matic composer,  resided  at  Venice  about 
the  year  1720,  and  produced  there  the 
opera  of  '^Seleuco.^' 

ZuccHELL,ij  Charles.  This  bass- 
singer  is  said  to  be  an  Englishman  by 
birth,  and  to  have  passed  the  first  eight 
or  nine  years  of  his  childhood  in  Eng- 
land; sang  at  the  Ancient  Concert  in 
1822;  also  performed  at  the  King's  The- 
atre. 

ZuccHi.  A  celebrated  Milanese  vio- 
linist at  the  commencement  of  the  last 
century. 

ZucHiNO,  Geegorio,  a  monk,  born 
at  Brescia,  flourished  in  the  first  years 
of  the  seventeenth  century.  Amongst 
his  published  works  are  ^'Hannonia 
Sacra,  8,  9,  10-16  voc,  seu  Motetii,^^ 
Venice,  1603;  and  ^'Misse  a  8-16  ■»oc.," 
Venice,  1603. 

ZuFFi,  Giovanni  Ambrosio,  organ- 
ist at  Milan  in  the  beginning  of  the 
seventeenth  century,  published  in  that 
city,  ^'■Concerti  Eccles.  a  1,  2,  3,  e  4  voci, 
Parte  Ima.  e  2da.,"  Milan,  1621;  and 
^^Concerti  e  Magnificat  a  4  voci,''^  Milan, 
1624. 

ZuLEHNER,  a  German  musician,  and 
composer  of  a  mass  and  other  works  at 
Mentz;  published  in  the  latter  part  of 
the  last  century  a  very  extensive  col- 
lection of  the  best  Italian,  French,  and 
German  operas  and  oratorios,  arranged 
for  the  piano-forte. 

ZuMPE,  John,  1768,  made  the  first 
square  piano-forte  used  in  England  at 
his  place  in  Germany;  he  called  it 
"/orte-piano  ,• "  in  it  the  twang  of  the 
plectrum  was  replaced  by  hammers,  en- 
abling the  performer  to  play  loud  and 
sqft  at  pleasure. 


ZUMSTEEG,  JOHANN  RUDOLPH,  bom 

at  Gausingen,  1760;  was  a  celebrated 
violoncellist,  and  composer  of  vocal  mu- 
sic; concert-master  and  director  of  op- 
era at  Stuttgard ;  composed  largely  from 
1796  to  1800,  and  died  in  1802. 

ZuNDEL,  John,  born  near  Stuttgard, 
South  Germany,  1815 ;  made  the  violin 
his  principal  instrument,  but  was  per- 
suaded to  lay  aside  that,  and  take  up  the 
organ ;  early  went  to  Russia,  where  for 
seven  years  he  was  organist  and  leader 
of  the  band  of  the  emperor;  came  to 
America  1847;  had  previously  published 
many  musical  works  in  Europe,  and 
published  several  other  works  in  this 
country,  among  which  are  his  ''■Melo- 
deon  Instructor,''^  "  Organ  Preludes  and 
Interludes,^ ^  and  a  collection  of  psalmody 
original  tunes;  was  later  organist  of 
Plymouth  Church,  at  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Zuphelius,  Matthias,  a  contra- 
puntist of  the  sixteenth  century.  Sev- 
eral motets  of  his  composition  may  be 
found  in  "  Petr.  Joanelli  Nov.  Thes. 
Music.,''  Venice,  1568. 

ZuRMSTEEG,  Emilie,  gained  the  rep- 
utation of  being  one  of  the  best  instruc- 
tors on  the  piano-forte  in  Germany ;  died 
1857,  aged  61. 

Zwingle,  Ulrich,  born  atWildhaus, 
Switzerland,  1484;  was  a  musician,  and 
performer  upon  the  lute,  violin,  and 
other  instruments ;  died  1531. 

Zygmantowsky,  Nicolas,  a  cele- 
brated performer  on  the  violoncello; 
born  in  1769;  played  on  the  tenor  at  a 
public  concert  when  only  four  years  of 
age,  and  on  the  violoncello  at  seven; 
died  before  he  had  attained  his  eleventh 
year. 

Zyka,  Joseph,  chamber-musician 
and  violoncellist  at  the  Chapel  Royal  at 
Berlin,  was  born  in  Bohemia.  He  flour- 
ished about  the  middle  of  the  last  cen- 
tury, when  much  of  his  music  was 
known  in  manuscript. 

Zyka,  Joseph,  Jun.,  youngest  son  of 
the  preceding,  was  chamber-musician 
and  performer  on  the  tenor  to  the  King 
of  Prussia  at  Berlin.  He  composed 
various  operettas,  also  some  piano-forte 
music  and  cantatas. 


VOCABULAEY  OF  MUSICAL  TERMS. 


I  have  made  the  attempt,  in  this  work,  to  give  the  pronunciations,  as  well 
as  the  definitions,  of  some  of  the  most  common  musical  terms.  I  do  not  know 
that  any  similar  effort  has  been  made  in  this  country. 

This  novel  feature  will,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  supply  a  want  often  felt,  and  give  to 
this  Dictionary  an  extent  of  usefulness  which  no  previous  publication  of  the 
kind  possesses.  The  pronunciation  of  foreign  words  is  sought  to  be  conveyed 
by  an  arrangement  of  syllables,  which,  when  pronounced  according  to  the  ordi- 
nary powers  of  English  letters,  will  give  the  nearest  approximation  to  the  proper 
sounds.  It  is  not  pretended  that  absolute  identity  of  sound  with  the  foreign 
words  will  thus  in  every  case  be  attained.  In  certain  words  this  is  quite  unat- 
tainable. Some  sounds,  especially  in  French  words,  have  no  equivalents  in 
English,  and  therefore  cannot  be  presented  to  the  mind  by  the  eye ;  the  exact 
knowledge  of  them  is  communicable  solely  througli  the  ear.  Yet  it  is  believed, 
that  in  all  cases,  by  due  attention  to  the  instructions  here  given,  a  degree  of 
accuracy  may  be  obtained,  abundantly  sufficient  for  all  ordinary  acquirements. 
It  may  be  necessary  to  add,  that,  in  the  syllables  which  mark  the  pronunciation, 
certain  letters  must  be  pronounced  with  the  following  powers :  — 
ah,  —  as  heard  in  the  word  father. 


ay, 

00, 


may. 
moon. 


For  terms  not  here  explained,  see  *'  Moore's  Complete  Encyclopedia  of  Music. 


A.  Ah.  A  preposition  signifying  at,  by,  for, 
with,  &c.  Thus  A  2  signilies  by  or  for  two 
voices;  A3,  three  voices,  &.Q  ;  A  Capo.,  at 
one's  will  or  fancy.  Also  the  nominal  of  the 
natural  minor  mode,  and  the  sixth  note  of 
the  ascending  scale  of  C. 

A.  Ah.    For. 

A  Cinque.  Ah  Chin-quay.  For  five  voices  or 
instruments. 

A  Quattro.  Ah  Quah-tro.  For  four  voices  or 
instruments. 

A  Tr6.  Ah  Tra.  For  three  voices  or  instru- 
ments. 

A  Ballata.  Ah  Bahl-lah-tah,  In  the  ballad 
style. 

Abb.,  Abbandonato.  Ahb-bahn-do-nah-to. 
Despondinglv. 

A.  n.  Plac,  A  Bene  Placito.  Ah  Bay-na  Plah- 
che-to.    At  pleasure. 

Abbreviature.  Ah-bray-ve-ah-too-ray.  The 
Italian  term  for  abbreviations  in  musical  no- 
tation. 

Academie.  Ah-kad-a-rae.  (Nationale.  Nah- 
se-on-ahl.)  A  place  of  instruction.  Tlie 
Academie  Nationale,  in  Paris,  is  an  institute 
for  instruction  in  the  fine  arts,  particularly 
music  and  dancing. 

A  Capo.,  A  Cappriccio.  Ah  Kah-preech-e-o. 
At  one's  fancy  or  caprice. 


Accel.,  Accelerando.  Ah-chel-la-rahn-do. 
With  increasing  velocity. 

Accel.,  Accelerate.  Ah-chel-a-rah-to.  With 
increased  quickness. 

Accent.  Ak-sent.  An  emphasis  given  to  a  note. 

Accentuare.  Ah-chen-too-ah-ray.  To  play 
witli  accented  expressioji. 

Accaciatura.  Ah-kah-chah-too-rah.  That 
sweeping  of  the  chords  and  dropping-in  of 
accented  notes  allowed,  and  eftective,  in 
accouii)auiments. 

Accidents.  Ak-se-dents.  A  term  applied  to 
flats,  sharps,  or  naturals,  which  do  not  belong 
to  the  key  in  which  the  music  is  written. 

Accompaniment.  Ak-kum-pa-ne-ment.  The 
instrumental  added  in  harmony  to  a  compo- 
sition, vocal  or  instrumental. 

Accordatura.  Ahk-kor-dah-too-rah.  Tho 
scale  or  tuning  of  open  strings.  The  notes 
G,  D,  A,  and  E  are  the  Accordatura  of  tho 
violin. 

Accordo.    Ahk-kor-do.     A  chord. 

Accres.,  Accresimento.  Ahk-kray-se-men-to.. 
Augmenting  or  increasing. 

Acute.  A-kute.  A  term  applied  to  any  sound 
that  is  high  compared  to  another  sound. 

Ado..  Adagio.  Ah-dah-je-o.  A  slow  move- 
ment, the  second  degree  between  slow  and 
quick. 


m 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Adagio  Cantabil^  e  Sostenuto.  Ah-dah-je-o 
Can-tah-be-lay  a  So-stay-noo-to.  Implies 
that  the  movement  is  to  be  performed  with 
a  graceful  and  austained  expression. 

Ad  Lib..  Ad  Libitum.  Ad  Lib-e-tum.  At  lib- 
eily ;  implying  that  the  performer  is  to  take 
license  as  'to  the  time,  introduction  of  em- 
bellishments, &c. 

A  Due.  Ah  Doo-ay.  For  two  voices  or  in- 
Btruments,  &c. 

A  Deux  Temps.  Ah  Deu-tong.  An  expression 
as  to  time,  signifying  two  crotchets,  or  beats, 
in  a  bar. 

Affet.,Alfettuoso.  Ahf-fet-oo-o-so.  Tenderly. 

Affliz.,  Alflizione.  Ahf-fleetz-e-o-ne.  Sorrow- 
fully, afflictedly. 

Affret.,  Affrettando.  Alif-fret-tahn-do.  In- 
creasing in  quickness. 

Agio,  Agiole.  Ah-je-o,  Ah-je-o-lay.  Light, 
easy,  tree. 

Ago,."'Agito.,  Agitato.  Ah-je-to,  Ah-je-tah-to. 
With  vehemence,  betraying  irresolution. 

Air.    A  tune  with  or  without  words 

AlaGrec.  Ah  lah  Grek.  At  the  beginning  of 
a  chorus,  implies  that  it  is  to  be  played  in 
the  style  of  those  introduced  in  the  ancient 
Greek  tragedies. 

A  la  Polacca.  Ah  lah  Po-lak-kah.  In  the 
Poli-;h  style.    See  Polacca. 

Al.  Alia.    Ahl-ah.    In  the  style  of. 

Al.  Antica.     Ahn-te-kah.  In' the  ancient  style. 

Al.  Breve.  Bray-vay.  An  obsolete  term  for 
slow  time  iised  in  church-music. 

Al.  Cac.  Alia  Caccia.  Katch-e-ah.  In  the 
hunting  stvle. 

Al.  Cap  ,  Alia  Capella.  Kah-pel-lah.  In  the 
church  or  ecclesiastical  style. 

Al'  Espag.,  Air  Espagnuola.'  Es-pah-nu-o-lah. 
In  the  Spanish  style. 

Al'  Ing  .  Air  Inglese.  In-glay-zay.  In  the 
English  style. 

Al'  Itala.,  Air  Italiana.  E-tah-le-ah-nah.  In 
the  Italian  style 

Al.  Mod.,  Alia  'Modema.  Mo-dair-nah.  In  the 
modern  stvle. 

AL  Jlil.,  Alia  3IUitaire.  Me-le-tair.  In  the 
military  stvle. 

AL  Pola  ,  Alia  Polacca.  Po-lak-kah.  In  the 
PoUsh  style. 

Al.  llus.,  Alia  Russe.  Roos-say.  In  the  Rus- 
sian style. 

Al.  Segno.    Say-neo.    To  the  mark ;  referring 

to  this  figure  \^^,  and  indicating  that  all  the 

bars  after  it  are  to  be  repeated  till  stopped 
by  a  double  bar. 

Al.  Sicila..  Alia  Sioiliana.  Se-chil-e-ah-nah. 
In  the  Sicilian  style. 

Al.  Scoz.,  Alia  Scozzese.  Skotz-zav-zav.  In 
the  Scottish  style. 

AL  Ted.,  Alia  Tedesca.  Tay-des-kah.  In  the 
Gennan  style. 

AL  Turca..  Alia  Turca.  Toor-kah,  In  the 
Turkish  style. 

Allegretto.  Ah-lay-gret-to.  Somewhat  quick- 
er than  Andante,  but  not  as  quick  as  Allegro. 

Alio..  Allegro.  Ah-lay-gro.  Gay,  quick;  the 
third  degree  of  musical  rai)idity. 

Alio.  Agito.,  Allegro  Agitato.  Ah-je-tah-to. 
Quick  and  agitated. 

Alio.  Furioso.  Allegro  Furioso.  Foo-re-o-so. 
With  vehement  quickness. 

Alio.  A ssai.,  Allegro  Assai.  Ah-sah-e.  Quick- 
er than  Allegro. 

Alio.  Como ,  Allegro  Oomodo.  Ko-mo-do. 
Conveniently  quick. 


Alio.  c.  Brio.,  Allegro  con  Brio.  Bre-o.  Quick 
and  brilliant. 

Alio.  c.  Fuo.,  Allegi-o  con  Fuoco.  Foo-o-ko. 
Quick,  with  lire. 

Alio.  c.  ]\Iot ,  Allegro  con  Mo  to.  Mo-to.  Quicker 
than  Allegro. 

Alio.  c.  Spi.,  Allegro  con  Spirito.  Spe-re-to. 
Quick,  with  spirit. 

Alio.  iMoL,  Di  Mol. ;  Allegro  Molto  or  Di  Molto. 
3Iohl-to.    Very  quick. 

Alio.  Vel.,  Allegro  Veloce.  Vay-lo-chay.  Quick, 
with  rapidity. 

Alio.  Viv.,  Allegro  Vivace.  Ve-vah-chay. 
Quick,  with  vivacity. 

Alio.  A'ivo.,  Allegro  Vivo.  Ve-vo.  Quick,  with 
briskness. 

Allemande.  Ahl-mahnde.  A  slow  air  in  com- 
mon time  of  four  crotchets  in  a  bar. 

Air  Improvista.  Ahl'  Im-pro-vees-tah.  An 
expression  applied  to  any  extemporary  strain. 

Altissimo.  Ahl-te-se-mo.  The  highest;  ap- 
plied especially  to  those  notes  in  the  treble 
staff  which  are^nore  than  an  octave  above  F 
on  the  fifth  line. 

Alt.  Alto.  Ahl-to.  High.  That  part  of  the 
scale  of  sounds  which  lies  between  F  on  the 
fifth  line  on  the  treble  clef  and  F  in  altissi- 
mo; the  space  between  the  mezzo-soprano 
and  tenor.  The  word  is  often  used  as  a  com- 
paiative ;  8vo  alt.  signifying  an  octave  higher, 

Alto  Clef.  Ahl-to  Clef.  The  name  tHj: 
given  to  the  C  clef  when  placed  on  45T 
the  third  line  of  the  staff ;  thus,  "{"l^ 

Aniabe.,  Amabile.    Ah-mah-be-lay.    Amiably, 

soothingly. 
Amateur.    Am-ah-toor.     A  non-professional 

practitioner  of  music. 
Amor.    Amoroso.      Ahm-o-ro-so.      Lovingly, 

amorously. 
Anacreontic.      An-ak-re-on-tik.      Denotes    a 

gay  hilarity  of  movement,  and  a  free  and 

easy  style  of  performance. 
And.  Andante.      Ahn-dahn-te.     Slowly  and 

distinctly. 
And.  Largo.    Lar-go.    Slowly  and  distinctly. 
Ando.,  Andantino.    Ahn-dahn-tee-no.    Some- 

wtiat  slower  than  Andante. 
Andte.  con.  Mo.,  Andsinte  con  Moto.    Mo-to. 

Slowly,  and  with  emotion. 
Andte.  Graz.,  Andante  Grazioso.  Grat-se-o-so. 

Slowly  and  gracefulh'. 
Andte. 'Maes.,  Andante  Maestoso.    Mah-es-to- 

so.    Slowly  and  majestically. 
Andte.  non  Trop.,  Andante  nonTroppo.  Trop- 

po.    Not  too  slowly. 
Andte.  Paste.,  Andante  Pastorale.     Pahs-to- 

rah-lay     Slowly,  and  in  the  pastoral  style. 
Ani.,  Aiiimato.,   An-e-mah-to.     Animatedly. 

Con  Animato,  signifying  that  a  passage  is  to 

be  played  spiritedly. 
Anthem.    An-them.    A  vocal  composition  set 

to  words,  generally  selected  from  the  Psalms, 

and  adapted  to  cathedral  service. 
Anticipation.  An-tis-e-paj-shun.  AteiTnused 

in  hnrniony,  implying  that  a  note  or  chord  is 

introduced  before'  its  expected  appearance. 
A  Piac,    A  Piacere.    Ah  Pe-a-chair-ay.    At 

pleasure;  nearly  synon.  with  Ad  Libitum. 
A  Poco,  a  Poco.    P'o-ko.    By  little  and  little ; 

as,  A  Poco  piu  Mosso,  quicker  by  degrees. 
Appoggiatura.    Ap-podg-e-ah-too-rah.    Liter- 
ally, leaning.    A  short  note  or  chain  of  notes, 

which,  having  to  be  played  within  the  time 

of  the  other  notes  in  the  bar,  are  written  in 

smaller  characters. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


175 


Aria.    Ah-re-a.    An  air. 

Aria  Biitfa.    Boof-fah.    A  comic  air. 

Aria  tli  Bravura.  Brah-voo-rah.  An  air  in 
the  Bravura  style. 

Aria  di  Oantabile.  Kan-tah-be-lay.  An  air 
in  a  fji'aceful,  tlowing  style. 

Aria  Fugata.    Foo-gah-tah.    A  f  uguecl  air. 

Aria  rarlaate.  Par-lahn-tay.  An  air  partak- 
ing of  the  song  and  recitative. 

Arietta.  Ah-re-ct-tah.    A  short  air  or  melody. 

Arioso.    Ah-re-o-so.    Airlike,  melodious. 

Armonioso.    Ar-mon-e-o-so.     Harmonious. 

Arpeg.,  Arpeggio.  Arpedg-e-o.  A  quick  suc- 
cession of  notes,  composing  a  chord. 

Assai.  Ahs-sah-e.  An  augmentive  adverb, 
used  to  increase  the  force  of  an  adjective : 
as,  Adagio  Assai,  slower  than  Adagio;  Alle- 
gro Assai,  quicker  than  Allegro, 

A  Tempo.  Teni-po.  Words  directing  a  return 
to  the  regular  time  a  piece  of  music  is 
written  in,  after  it  lias  been  deviated  from 
in  pursuance  of  some  other  direction. 

Atto.  At-to.  The  Italian  for  "  act ;  "  applied 
particularly  to  the  divisions  of  an  opera. 

Augmentation.  Awg-men-tay-shun,  When 
the  subject  of  a  fugue  is  taken  up  in  notes  of 
double  the  original  value. 

Augmented.  Awg-ment-ed.  Intervals  that 
arc  more  than  major,  or  perfect. 

Authentic  Cadence.  A  final  cadence  in  any  key. 

Auxiliary  Notes.  Awg-zil-ya-re.  Notes  stand- 
ing on  the  next  degree  of  the  statf ,  above  or 
below  a  principal  note. 

Auxiliary  Scales.  Scales  of  the  relative  keys 
belonging  to  a  principal  key. 

B.     The  seventh  note  of  the  natural  major 

scale. 
Bachelor  of  Music.    A  degree  in  music  taken 

at  one  of  the  universities.     The  phrase  is 

generally  abbreviated  into  Mus.  Bac. 
Ballad.    Bal-ad.    A  brief,  simple  tale  set  to  a 

short  melody. 
Ballet.      Bal-iay.     A  representation  of  some 

tale  told  in  dance,  accompanied  with  music. 
Bar.    An  upright  line  placed  across  the  staff, 

to  divide  the  music  into  equal  proportions. 
Barcarole,      Bar-ka-role.      A    kind    of    song 

which  originated  with  the  Venetian  gondo- 
liers. 
Ballata.    Bal-lah-tah.    A  ballad. 
Bard.    A  name  originally  given  by  the  Cambro- 

Britoiis  to  their  poets  or  minstrels,  and,  by 

allusion,  since  applied  to  poetic  authors  of 

all  ages. 
Barytone,  or  Baritone.    Bar-re-tone.    A  male 

voice  between  the  tenor  and  bass. 
Barytone,  or  Baritone  Clef.    The  F  or  bass  clef 

placed  on  the  third  line  of  the  stave ;  thus :  — 


Bass,  or  Base.    The  lowest  or  deepest  parts  in 

music  or  in  the  human  voice. 
Bass  Clef.    The  clef  which  has  C  on  the  second 

space,  made  thus :  — 


Beat.  A  transient  grace  note,  struck  imme- 
diately before  the  not<5  it  is  intended  to 
illustrate;  it  lies  a  lialf-lone  below  the  prin- 
cipal note. 

Beating  time.  Marking,  by  hand  or  foot,  the 
measure  of  a  musical  movement. 


Ben,,  Bene.    Bay-nah.    Well, 

Ben.  Marcato,    ilar-kah-to.    Well  marked. 

Benedictus.  Ben-e-dik-tus.  That  part  of  i% 
service  in  which  the  benediction  is  pro- 
nounced. 

Bis,  Twice;  implying  that  the  bar  or  bars 
over  which  the  word  is  written  are  to  be 
twice  i)layed  or  sung  before  proceeding  with 
the  following  bars. 

Bolero,  Bo-lay-ro.  A  Spanish  dance  in  three- 
four  time. 

Bravura,  Bra-voo-rah.  A  florid  kind  of  song, 
requiring,  and  adapted  to  display,  great  pow- 
ers of  vocalization. 

Breve.    Breev.    The  longest  note  in  music,  now 
nearly  obsolete  ;  of  the  value  of  two  semi 
breves. 

Bril.,  Brillante.    Bril-yahnt.    Brilliantly. 

Brio.     Bre-o,     With  b'ri.skness, 

Burto,    Boof-fo,    A  comic  singer  or  actor. 

Buft'a,  Boof-fah.  Comic;  as,  Opera  Buffa,  a 
comic  opera. 

Builetta.  Booi-let-tah.  A  species  of  light  comic 
musical  drama. 


C,    The  nominal  of  the  natural  major  scale. 

Cad,,  Cadenza.  Kah-dain-tza.  An  extempore 
flourish. 

Cadence.  Kay-dens.  A  reprise ;  a  pause  at  the 
end  of  an  air,  to  afford  the  performer  an  oppor- 
tunity of  introducing  a  turn,  shake,  or  extem- 
pore grace.  The  embellishment  thus  intro- 
duced is  also  itself  often  spoken  of  as  a 
cadence. 

Cadence  Interrompue,  An-ter-rom-pu.  An  ir- 
regular or  broken  cadence. 

Cadence  Parfait.  Par-fay.  A  perfect  or  regular 
cadence. 

Cadence  llompu.  Rom-pu.  A  broken  or  irregu- 
lar cadence. 

Cal,,  Calando,  Kah-lahn-do,  Diminishing  the 
sounds  giadually,  and  slaclceningthe  time. 

Calmo..  Calmato, '  Kahl-mah-to.    Tranquilly. 

Camera.  Kah-ma-rah.  A  chamber:  as,  Musica 
di  Camera,  chamber  music,  is  tliat  adapted  for 
private  parties;  Voce  <li  Camera,  a  chamber 
voice,  signifies  a  weak  voice. 

Canon,  Kan-on.  A  vocal  composition  in  two 
or  more  parts,  so  constructed  as  to  form  a  con- 
tinuous fugue. 

Cantata.  ICahn-tah-tah.  A  composition  con- 
sisting of  mixed  air  and  recitative. 

Cantatrice.  Kahn-tah-tre-chay.  A  female 
singer. 

Cant.,  Cantabile.  Kahn-tah-be-lay,  A  terra 
indicative  of  flowing  graceful  melody. 

Canticle.  Kan-te-kl.  The  ancient  tenn  for  a 
hymn  or  sacred  song. 

Caiito.    Kahn-to.    The  treble  pai-t  of  a  chorus. 

Canzonet,  Kan-zo-net.  A  short  song  in  one, 
two.  or  three  parts.  In  England  canzonets  are 
generally  in  two  parts. 

Cap,,  Capriccio,  Kah-pritch-e-o.  An  in-egular 
or  fanciful  coinpositioii.  conducted  according 
to  the  caprice  of  the  performer. 

Capella,  Kah-pel-lah,  A  church  or  chapel,  A 
Capella.  in  the  sacred  style. 

Carol.  Kar-ol.  The  name  piven  to  the  old  bal- 
lads sung  by  itinerant  musicians  at  Christmas. 

Catch,  Katcii.  A  humorous  vocal  composition, 
of  English  invention,  written  for  three  or  four 
voices,  and  so  constructed  that  the  singers 
catch  up  other's  sentences  or  phrases. 

Cavatina.  Kah-vah-tee-nah.  An  air  without 
a  second  part,  occasionally  preceded  by  a  re- 
citative. 


176 


A  DICTIONARY   OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATIOIT. 


C.  B.  Brio,  or  Con  Brio.    Bre-o.    With  spirit  or 

vivacity.  ' 

Chant.    Tchant.    A  style  of  singing  between  air 

and  recitative,  usedin  cathedral  services. 
Chantant.    Shaun-tawng.    In  a  singing  style. 

Chasse.  Shahsse.  The  designation  of  composi- 
tions illnstrative  of  hunting. 

Chiave.    Ke-ah-vay.    A  clef  or  key. 

Chopiir.     Keur.    A'chorus. 

Choir,  Koir.  The  part  of  a  cathedral  between 
the  chancel  and  the  nave.  In  modern  times 
the  singers  are  often  spoken  of  as  the  choir, 
fronx  their  occupying  that  position. 

Choral.  Ko-ral.  Singing,  the  term  being  used 
chiefly  in  reference  to  chorus-singing. 

Chord.  Kord.  The  harmonic  union  of  sounds 
of  various  instruments  or  voices. 

Common  Chord.  The  third,  fifth,  or  eighth  of 
any  note  struck  immediately  with  it :  the  root 
of  all  concords. 

Chord  of  the  Seventh.    The  root  of  all  discords. 

Chorister.  Kor-ister.  Tlie  name  given  to  a  per- 
son who  assists  in  a  choir. 

Chorus.  Ko-rus.  Originally  implied  indifferently 
a  company  of  singers,  dancers,  a  mixture  of 
both,  or  an  indiscriminate  crowd  acting  in  any 
way  in  concert.  At  present  the  term  "  chorus  " 
comprehends  only  the  composition  or  perform- 
ance of  music  sung  by  a  plurality  of  voices. 

Chromatic.  Kro-mat-ik.  Musical  phrases  formed 
by  successive  semitonic  intervals,  or  any  series 
of  dissonant  and  extraneous  chords. 

Clef.  Kief.  The  marks  placed  at  the  beginning 
of  staves  to  indicate  the  scale  of  the  composi- 
tion. The  practice  of  misspelling  this  word, 
by  using  a  double  instead  of  a  siiigle  f,  is  so 
general,  that  it  is  worth  while  to  call  the  stu- 
dent's particular  attention  to  the  error,  in  or- 
der to  insure  his  avoiding  it. 

Co.,  Coda.  Ko-dah.  A  phrase  added  to  the  end 
of  a  piece  by  way  of  conclusion. 

Coi.  Ko-e.  With  the ;  as,  Coi  Bassi,  with  the 
basses. 

Col.,  Colla.  Kol-lah.  With;  as,  Col  Arco,  with 
the  bow. 

Colla  Voce.  Colla  Vo-chay.   With  the  voice. 

Come.    Ko-ma,    As ;  as,  Come  Sopra,  as  above. 

Come  Sta.    Ko-ma  Stab.    As  it  stands. 

Common  Time.  Measures  containing  two,  four, 
six,  or  eight  parts  in  a  bar ;  as, 

Compound,  In  music,  the  opposite  of  simple ; 
the  combination  of  two  or  more  simpler  musi- 
cal attributes. 

Compound  Intervals.  All  intervals  that  exceed 
an  octave. 

Compound  Times.  Those  times  which  have  two 
or  more  principal  accents ;  as, 

A  Q.  /i  a.     u 

^  O  'J:  o      cT 

Con.    Kon.    With. 

Con  An.,  Con  Anima.  Ah-ne-mah.  With  ex- 
pression. 

Con  Affetto.    Ahf-fet-to.    Tenderly. 

Con  Brio.    Bre-o.    Spiritedly, 

Con  Celerita,  Chay-lay-re-tah.  With  quickness. 

Con  Comodo.  Ko-mo-do,  With  an  easy  qvuck- 
ness. 

Con  Delicatezza.  Day-le-kah-tait-zah.  With 
delicacy, 

ConDolca,,  ConDolcezza.  Dol-chait-zah.  With 
sTeetness. 


Con  Dole,,  Con  Dolore.  Do-lo-re.  With  pathos, 

mournfully. 
Con  Espe.,  'Con  Espressione,    Es-pres-e-o-ne. 

With  expression. 
Con  Gra.,  Con  Grazia.  Grah-tze-ah,  With  grace. 
Con  Gradazione.     Grah-dah-tze-o-nay,     With 

gradual  augmentation  or  dimiimtion. 
ConGravitah.  Grah-ve-tah.  With  much  gravity. 
Con  Gus.,  Con  Gusto.    Goos-to.    With  taste. 
Con  Impeto,    Im-pay-to.    With  great  force. 
Con  Mo,,  Con  Moto.    Mo-to.    With  spirit,  agi- 
tatedly. 
Con  Molto  Passione,  Con  Mohl-to  Pas-se-o-nay. 

With  great  feeling. 
Con  Molto  Sentimento.  Mohl-to  Sen-t«-men-to. 

With  great  feeling  or  sentiment. 
Con  Precisione,  Pray-che-ze-o-nay.  With  great 

precision  of  time. 
Con  Sordini.     Sohr-de-ne,     With  dampers  or 

mutes. 
Con  Spirito.    Spe-re-to.    Spiritedly. 
Con  Tena.,  Con  Tenerezza.    Tay-nay-ret-zah. 

With  tenderness. 
Con  Vari.,  Con  Yariazioni,  Vah-re-ah-tze-o-ne, 

With  variations. 
Con  Velo. ,  Con  Velocita,  Vay-lo-che-tah.    With 

velocity. 
Con  Vio."  Con  Violini.  Ve-o-le-ne.  With  violins. 
Con  Viva. ,  Con  Vivacita.  Ve-vah-che-tah,  With 

vivacity. 
Con  Zelo,     Zay-lo.     With  great  zeal,  or  energy. 
Conco.,  Concerto,    Kon-chair-to.    A  piece  for 

several  instruments,  with  solos  for  a  single 

instrument. 
Concere.,  Concertante.    Kon-chair-tahn-te.    A 

piece  for  two  or  more  instruments,  with  ac- 
companiments. 
Concord.    Kon-kord.    The  harmony  of  musical 

sounds. 
Conductor.     Kon-duk-tor,     One  who  fixes  and 

guides  the  time  in  an  orchestra. 
Connoisseur.    Kon-nay-soor.   One  competent  to 

criticise  and  appreciate  music. 
Consonance.     Kon-so-nance.      Two    or   more 

pleasing  sounds  heard  together. 
Contra  Basso,  Kon-tra  Bas-so,   The  lower  bass, 

usually  called  the  double-bass. 
Contre-Danse.     Kon-tr  Danz.     The  dance  so 

called  because  the  parties  are  placed  in  pairs 

opposite  to  each  other.    The  English  country 

dance  being  of  French  origin,  there  is  little 

doubt  that  the  English  term  is  a  corruption  of 

the  French  one. 
Contralto,     Kon-trahl-to,     The  counter-tenor 

voice,  a  quality  of  male  voice  approximating 

to  the  treble,  being  higher  than  the  tenor. 
Contrapuntist.    Kon-tra-pun-tist,     One  skilled 

in  the  science  of  composition. 
Contrapunto.  Kon-trah-poon-to.  Counterpoint, 

the  art  of  combining  and  modulating  conso- 
nant sounds. 
Contrary  Motion,    When  one  part  ascends,  and 

another  descends, 
Corda.    Kor-dah,   A  string ;  as,  Una  Cords,  one 

string, 
Coi-iph^e.    Kor-e-fay.    The  person  appointed  to 

lead  off  the  dances  in  a  ballet. 
Corona.    Kor-o-nah.  A  pause,  thus  marked :  '^^ 
CotUlon.    Ko-tU-yon,    An  old-fashioned  dance 

in  six-quaver  time. 
Counterpoint.     Koun-ter-point,      The    art   of 

combining  and  modulating  consonant  sounds. 
Counter- Tenor.  Koun-ter-Ten-or.   The  highest 

natural  male  voice,  called  contralto  in  Italian, 

The  counter-tenor  clef  is  the  C  on  the  tlurd 

hne  of  the  staff. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


177 


Crea.,  Crescendo,  Kray-sliayn-do.  A  gradual 
rise  of  sounds,  commonly  marked  thus :  — =C 

Crotchet.  Krotch-et,  One  of  the  musical  notes 
its  length  one-half  that  of  the  minim. 

D.    The  second  note  of  the  natural  major  scale. 

Da.    Dah.    For,  to,  by,  from. 

Danse.    Dahns.    The  French  for  dance. 

D.  C,  Da  Capo.  Dah  Kah-po.  A  direction  to 
begin  the  air  over  again,  and  end  with  the 
first  strain. 

Dec,  Deciso.  Day-chee-zo.  Boldly,  with  decis- 
ion. 

Decres.,  Decrescendo.  Day-kray-shayn-do.  A 
gradual  decrease  of  sound,  commonly  marked 
thus:  ;:r=— 

Degree.  De-gre.  An  academical  title  conferred 
by  a  university  on  a  qualified  professor  of 
music ;  also  tlie  difference  of  position  or  ele- 
vation between  any  two  notes.  Degrees  are 
conjunct  and  disjunct.  When  two  notes  ai-e 
so  situated  as  to  form  an  interval  of  a  second, 
the  degree  is  said  to  be  con junct ;  when  they 
form  a  third  or  greater  interval,  the  degree 
is  called  disjunct. 

Delo.,  Delicato.    Day-le-kah-to.    Delicately. 

Demi.  Dem-e.  Half :  as,  Demi-tone,  an  inter- 
val of  half  a  tone;  Demi-cadence,  half  a 
cadence. 

Demisemiquaver.  Dem-e-sem-e-qua-ver.  The 
sixth  degree  of  sound  or  interval,  reckoning 
from  the  semibreve. 

Derivatives.  De-riv-a-tivs.  Inverted  chords,  or 
chords  that  are  not  fundamental. 

Descant.  Des-kant.  An  extemporaneous  move- 
ment on  a  given  subject. 

Dessus.  Day-seu.  The  upper  part  of  a  com- 
position, either  instrumental  or  vocal. 

Destra.    Day-strah.     With  the  right  hand. 

Devoze.,  Devozione.  Day-vo-tze-o-nay.  De- 
voutly. 

Deux.    Deu.    The  French  for  two. 

Diap  ,  Diapason.  Di-a-pa-zon.  A  kind  of  rule 
or  scale  by  which  makers  determine  the  meas- 
urement of  the  various  parts  of  instruments. 
There  is  a  fixed  diapason  for  trumpets,  «S:c.,  as 
also  for  bells.  The  term  is  also  applied  to  cer- 
tain stops  on  the  organ  ;  as,  open  diapason, 
stop  diapason. 

Diatonic.  Di-a-ton-ik.  One  of  the  musical 
scales,  consisting  of  tones  and  semitones. 

Di  Grado.  De  Grah-do.  A  passage  of  notes 
which  succeed  each  other  by  conjunct  de- 
grees. 

Dilettante.  De-lai-tahn-tay.  A  patron  and  ad- 
mirer of  music. 

Dim. ,  Diminuendo.  De-me-noo-en-do.  The  same 
as  Decrescendo. 

Diminished.  Di-min-isht.  Applied  to  chords 
or  intervals  which  are  less  than  perfect  or 
minor. 

Diminution.  Dim-e-nu-shn.  The  imitation  of, 
or  reply  to,  any  given  subject,  in  notes  of  half 
the  length  or  value  of  those  of  the  subject 
itself. 

Di  Molto.  De  Mohl-to.  An  augmentative  ex- 
pression: as,  Allegro  di  Molto,  very  quick; 
Largo  di  Molto,  very  slow. 

Director.  Di-rek-tor.  The  person  who  under- 
takes the  management  of  a  performance,  un- 
connected with  the  science,  such  as  selecting 
the  pieces  and  performers,  &c. 

Dirge.  Derje.  A  solemn  composition  performed 
at  funeral  ceremonies. 

Discord.  Dis-kord.  A  dissonant  or  inharmoni- 
ous combination  of  sounds,  so  called  in  contra- 


distinction to  concord,  to  give  greater  effect  to 
whicli,  the  discord  is  occasionally  used  by  com- 
posers. 

Dissonance.  Dis-so-nanse.  The  same  as  dis- 
cord. 

Distance.  Dis-tanse.  The  distance  between 
any  two  notes. 

Dito.    De-to.    The  finger. 

Divertimento.  De-vair-te-men-to.  A  short 
light  composition,  vocal  or  instrumental. 

Divertissement.  Di-vair-tees-mong.  A  dance 
introduced  between  tlie  acts  of  an  opera,  a 
practice  of  French  origin. 

Division.  De-vizh-un.  This  word  implies  the 
division  of  the  intervals  of  the  octave,  and 
also  signifies  a  long  series  of  notes  so  running 
into  each  other  as  to  form  one  connected 
chain  of  sounds ;  and  which,  in  vocal  music, 
is  always  applied  to  a  single  syllable. 

Divoto.    De-vo-to.    In  a  devout  maimer. 

Do.  A  substitute  for  the  syllable  Ut,  applied 
by  Guido  to  the  first  note  of  the  natural 
major  scale,  answering  to  the  English  denom- 
ination C. 

Doctor.  Dok-tor.  In  music,  a  composer  or 
musician  upon  whom  some  university  has 
conferred  the  degree. 

Doigt6.    Dwaw-tay.    Fingered. 

Dol ,  Dolce.  Dohl-chay.  Sweetly,  insinuating- 
ly- 

Dolce  con  Gusto.  Goo-sto.  With  sweetness 
and  delicacy. 

Dolce  e  Lusingando.  A  Loo-sin-gahn-do.  In 
an  insinuating  style. 

Dolce  ma  jNIarcato.  Mah  Mar-cah-to.  Sweetly, 
but  well  marked  in  accent. 

Dolce  Maniera,  Mahn-e-a-rah.  In  a  sweet 
and  pleasing  manner. 

Dolcezza.  Dohl-chait-zah.  Sweetness  of  tone 
or  expression. 

Dolcis.,  Dolcissimo.  Dohl-che-se-mo.  Extreme, 
ly  sweet  and  delicate. 

Doiente.    Do-len-tay.    With  grief,  mournfully. 

Dolore.    Do-lo-ray.    Grief. 

Dol.,  Doloroso.    Do-lo-ro-so.    Pathetically. 

Dominant.  Dom-e-nant.  That  sound  which 
makes  a  fifth  to  the  tonic. 

Doppio.    Do-pe-o.    Doubly  quick. 

Doppio  Movimento.  Mo-ve-men-to.  A  move- 
ment doubled  in  speed. 

Doppio  Tempo.  Tem-po.  In  a  doubly  quick 
time. 

Dot.  When  placed  after  a  note,  implies  that 
that  note  is  to  be  lengthened  one-half  in  its 
time. 

Double  Bar.  Two  thick  lines  drawn  across  a 
staff,  to  divide  the  music  into  sections. 

Dritta.  Dre-tah.  Right;  as,  Mano  dritta,  the 
right  hand. 

Due.    Doo-ay.    Two :  as.  A  due,  for  two. 

Due  Corde.    Kor-day.    For  two  strings. 

Due  Cori.    Ko-re.    For  two  choirs. 

Due  Volte.    Vohl-tay.    Twice. 

Duettino.    Doo-et-te-no.    A  short  duet. 

Duetto.  Doo-et-to.  A  composition  for  two 
voices  or  instruments. 

Duo.  Doo-o.  A  composition  for  two  voices  or 
instruments. 

E.  And;  as,  Vio.  e  Flaut.,  Violino  e  Flauto, 
VioUn  and  flute.  The  third  note  of  the 
natural  major  scale. 

Ecole.  Ek-ol.  A  method ;  a  course  of  instruc- 
tive exercises  for  any  voice  or  instrument. 

Eleg.,  Elegante.  El-a-gahn-tay.  With  elegance 
and  grace. 


178 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Emphasis.  Em-fa-sis.  A  strong  accent  applied 
to  some  particular  note. 

Energ.,  Energico.    A-nair-je-ko.    Witli  energy. 

Euhannonic.  En-har-mon-ik.  Changing  the 
name  of  a  note  to  another  denomination: 
thus,  C  It  D  ^  is  an  enharmonic  change. 

Entr'  Acte.  Awn-trahkt.  Music  played  be- 
tween the  acts  of  an  opera  or  play. 

Eohan.  E-o-le-an.  As  Eolian  harp,  a  stringed 
instrument,  acted  upon  and  sounded  by  the 
agency  of  a  current  of  air. 

Episode.  Ep-e-sode.  A  composition  entirely 
independent  of  the  principal  subject. 

Equal.  The  same :  as,  a  duet  for  equal  voices 
means  for  voices  of  the  same  species,  two 
trebles,  two  tenors,  &c. 

Erotic.    E-rot-ik.    In  an  amatory  style. 

Espress.,  Espressivo.  Es-pres-e-vo.  With 
expression. 

Espressione.  Es-pres-e-o-ne.  With  expres- 
sion. 

Essential.  Es-sen-shal.  A  term  applied  to 
those  notes  of  a  chord  which  constitute  its 
essential  components,  in  contradistinction  to 
its  accidental  or  ornamental  notes. 

Etoulf6.    Et-oof-fay.    Stilled,  smothered. 

Etude.    Et-ood.    A  musical  study. 

Euphony.    U-fone.    Sweetness  of  sound. 

Evolutio.    E-vo-loo-she-o.    Inversion. 

Exercisi.  Egs-er-se-se.  Exercises,  vocal  or 
instrumental. 

Extempore.  Ex-tem-po-re.  Without  previous 
thought  or  meditation. 

Extended.  Ex-teiwded.  Applied  to  harmony, 
designates  those  parts  in  which  the  notes  are 
separated  by  wide  intervals. 

Extraneous.  Ex-tra-ne-us.  A  term  applied  to 
those  sharps  or  flats,  and  those  chords  and 
modulations,  which,  forsaking  the  natural 
course  of  the  diatonic  intervals,  digress  into 
abstruse  and  chromatic  evolutions  of  melody 
and  harmony. 

Extravaganza.  Ex-trav-a-gan-zah.  A  compo- 
sition wild  in  idea,  and  incoherent  in  con- 
struction. 

/.  Forte.    Four-tay.    Loud. 

Fa.  The  fourth  degree  in  the  natural  major 
scale,  answering  to  the  English  denomina- 
tion F. 

Falsetto.  Fawl-set-to.  The  notes  in  a  man's 
voice,  above  the  natural  compass,  which  may 
be  attained  by  art. 

Fandango.  Fan-dan-go.  A  popular  and  hvely 
Spanish  dance  in  triple  time. 

Fantasia.  Fan-tah-ze-ah.  A  composition  or 
performance  in  which  the  artist  is  allowed 
free  range  for  his  imagination,  either  in  the 
construction  of  his  melodies,  or  in  deahng 
with  those  of  others. 

Ferm.,  Fermate.  Fair-mah-tay.  Firmly  and 
decisively. 

ff.  Fortissimo.    For-te-se-mo.    Very  loud. 

Fier  ,  Fiero.  Fe-a-ro.  Boldly  and  energetic- 
ally. 

Fieramente.  Fe-a-rah-men-tay.  Boldly  and 
energetically. 

Figured  Bass,  or  Base.  Figures  used  over  or 
under  the  bass  notes,  to  denote  the  harmony 
formed  by  the  upper  or  superior  parts  of  a 
composition,  in  order  to  facilitate  tlie  per- 
formance of  chords. 

Fin.,  Finale.  Fe-nah-lay.  The  last  movement 
of  a  composition. 

Fine.    Fe-nay.    The  end  of  a  piece. 

tin  qui.    Fin-kwe.    To  this  place. 


Fioritura.  Fe-o-re-too-rah.  Graces  added  to 
the  notes  of  a  melody  by  the  vocalist. 

Florid.    Flor-id.    Ornamented,  embellished. 

Focoso.    Fo-ko-so.    In  a  spmted  style. 

Fortement.  Fomt-mong.  With  vigor  and 
force. 

Forz.,  Forzando.  For-tzahn-do.  A  stress  on  a 
note,  also  marked  =- 

Fretta.    Fra-tah.    Increasing  the  velocity. 

Fugue  (pronounced  in  one  syllable,  as  written). 
A  composition  in  which  one  section  of  the 
performers  leads  off  a  succession  of  notes, 
called  the  subject,  which,  after  being  taken 
up,  at  regular  inten-als,  by  another  section 
of  the  performers,  is  carried  through  the 
movement,  and  is  ultimately  repeated  by  all 
parts  of  the  orchestra. 

Full  Score.  A  complete  score  of  all  the  parts 
of  a  composition,  either  instrumental,  vocal, 
or  both  combined. 

Fundamental  Bass.  The  roots  of  the  various 
chords  which  constitute  a  proper  harmonic 
progression,  useful  in  provuig  the  correctness 
of  the  harmony. 

Fuoco.  Foo-o-ko.  Spirit.  Con  Fuo.,  Con 
Fuoco,  signifying  that  the  note  or  passage  is 
to  be  sounded  strongly,  and  held  on  with 
spirit. 

Fur..Furioso.  Foo-re-o-so.  Furiously,  passion- 
ately. 

G.    The  fifth  note  of  the  natural  major  scale. 

Gaiement.    Gay-mong.    In  a  lively  style. 

Galoppe.  Gal-op.  A  quick  German  dance  in 
two-four  time. 

Galopade.  Gal-o-pard.  A  quick  German 
dance  in  two-four  time. 

Gamut.  Gam-ut.  The  name  given  to  the  scale 
or  table  of  musical  notes.  Originally  the 
gamut,  as  invented  by  Guido,  comprised  but 
six  notes,  to  which  he  added  a  seventh, 
adopting  for  its  sign  the  Greek  Gamma, 
whence  the  word  "  gamut."  Subsequentlythe 
gamut  was  extended.  At  present  the  term 
is  understood  to  comprehend  the  whole  exist- 
ing scale ;  and  to  leam  the  names  and  situa- 
tions of  the  different  notes  is  learning  the 
gamut. 

Gav.,  Gavotta.  Gah-vot-tah.  The  hvely  dance 
that  concludes  a  minuet. 

Gavotte.  Gah-vot.  The  hvely  dance  that  con- 
cludes a  minuet. 

Gig.,  Giga.  Je-gah.  A  quick  dance  in  com- 
pound common  time. 

Gio.,  Giocosamente.  Jo-ko-sah-men-te.  Hu- 
morously. 

Gio.,  Giocoso.    Jo-ko-so.    Humorously. 

Giusto.  Ju-sto.  Exact.  Tern.  Giu.,  Tempo 
Giusto.,  In  exact  time. 

Glee.  A  vocal  composition  in  three  or  more 
parts,  either  tender,  merry,  or  grave,  although 
the  term  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  glee 
was  originally  restricted  to  lively  subjects. 

Glis.,  Glisando.  Gle-sahn-do.  In  a  ghding 
manner. 

Gorgheggi.  Gor-gedg-e.  Exercises  for  the 
voice,  more  particularly  for  acquiring  rapid 
passages. 

Gorlitza.  Gor-lit-zah.  A  dance  combining  the 
peculiarities  of  the  mazurka  and  polka. 

Graces.  Gra-ses.  The  embellishments  which 
a  performer  occasionally  introduces,  to 
heighten  the  effect  of  a  composition. 

Grando.    Grahn-do.    In  a  pompous  style. 

Grandiose.  Grahn-de-o-so.  In  a  pompouB 
style. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


179 


Grave,  Gravement.  Grahv-mong.  Slowly  and 
solemnly.  In  time,  slower  than  Largo,  but 
not  so  slow  as  Adagio. 

Graz..  Grazioso.  Grah-tze-o-so.  In  a  graceful 
style. 

Ground.  The  name  given  to  a  composition  in 
which  the  bass,  consisting  of  a  few  bars  of 
independent  notes,  is  perpetually  repeated  to 
a  continually  varying  melody ;  as,  in  PurceU's 
Ground.  Pepusch's  Ground,  '&c. 

Group.  Groop.  Applies  to  a  certain  kind  of 
diminution  of  long  notes,  by  breaking  or 
dividing  them  into  notes  of  less  value,  for 
the  pui-pose  of  embellishment. 

Guaracha.  Ga-rak-kah.  A  lively  Spanish 
dance. 

Gus.,  Gustoso.  Goos-to-80.  Con  Gus.,  Con 
Gusto.    With  taste. 

Harmonics.  Har-mon-iks.  Those  concomitant 
accessory  sounds  which  accompany  the  presto 
tone  of  any  choi'd  or  string. 

Harmony.  Har-mo-ne.  The  combination  of 
two  or  more  sounds,  according  to  musical 
rides;  a  succession  of  combined  sounds  com- 
posed of  consonant  intervals,  and  moving 
according  to  the  established  laws  of  modula- 
tion. 

Heptachord.  Hep-ta-kord.  A  scale  of  seven 
notes. 

Hexachord.    Hex-a-kord.    A  scale  of  six  notes. 

Holding-note.  A  note  that  is  sustained  during 
the  performance  of  others. 

Hornpipe.  Horn-pipe.  A  lively  and  ancient 
English  dance,  generally  in  common  time. 

Impresario.  Im-pray-sah-re-o.  The  Italian 
term  for  a  conductor. 

Impromptu.  Im-prom-tu.  An  extemporane- 
ous performance. 

Improvisare.  Im-pro-ve-sah-ray.  To  extem- 
porize. 

In.  The  Italian  for  In:  thus.  In  tempo,  means 
in  time;  In  Alt.,  in  the  highest,  applied  to 
the  notes  above  F  on  the  upper  line  of  the 
treble  staff. 

Indeciso.  In-day-che-zo.  Undecided;  indicat- 
ing that  the  performer  may  vary  the  time, 
according  to  his  taste  and  judgment. 

Inno.,  Innocente.  In-no-chen-ta.  Artless  and 
simple. 

Instrumental  Score.  An  orchestral  arrange- 
ment of  instruments  placed  in  their  proper 
bars  under  each  other,  and  used  by  the  con- 
ductor.   See  Cadence. 

Intermezze.  In-tair-mets-ay.  The  Italian 
term  for  interlude. 

Interrupted.  A  term  expressing  those  cadences 
in  which  the  bass,  instead  of  falling  or  rising 
from  the  fifth  to  the  key-note,  passes  to  some 
other,  and  thus  interrupts  the  usual  close,  or 
final  cadence.    See  Cadence. 

Interval.  In-ter-val.  The  difference  in  point 
of  gi'avity  or  acuteness  between  any  two 
sounds,  as  regulated  by  the  established  sys- 
tem of  musical  science. 

Intonation.  In-to-na-shun.  A  word  relating 
both  to  the  consonance  and  to  the  strength 
and  weakness  of  sounds.  Intonation  not 
only  includes  the  act  of  tuning,  but  the  giv- 
ing to  the  tones  of  the  voice  or  instrument 
that  occasional  impulse,  swell,  or  decrease,  on 
•wliich,  in  a  great  measure,  all  expression 
depends.  A  good  intonation  is  one  of  the 
first  qualifications  in  the  higher  walks  of 
execution. 


Intro.,     Introduzione.      In-tro-doots-e-o-nay. 

An  introductory  movement. 
Inversion.     In-ver-shun.    A  changed  position 

either  of  a  subject  or  of  a  chord. 
Istes.,  Istesso.    The  same;  as,  Istesso  Tempo, 

the  same  time. 

Jaeger.    Ya-gur.    The  German  for  huntsman. 
Jig.    A  quick  dance  in  six-eight  or  twelve-eight 
tune. 

Kapell-Meister.  Kah-pel-My-ster.  In  Germany, 
the  chapel-master,  or  conductor  of  the  mu- 
sical part  of  a  service. 

Key,  or  Key-note.  The  fundamental  note  or 
tone  to  which  the  whole  of  a  movement  has 
some  relation  or  bearing,  to  which  all  its 
modulations  are  referred,  and  in  which  it 
ends  as  well  as  begins. 

Key-board.  The  frame  containing  the  entire 
set  of  keys  of  a  pianoforte,  organ,  or  other 
keyed  instrument. 

Kyrie.  Ky-re.  The  vocative  of  a  Greek  word 
meaning  Lord;  whence  masses  and  services 
beginning  with  this  word  are  sometimes  so 
designated. 

La.  Lah.  The  sixth  note  of  the  natural  major 
scale,  answering  to  the  English  note  A. 

La  Finale,  Lah  Fe-nah-le.  The  last  figure  of 
a  quadiUle. 

Lament.,  Lamentevole.  Lah-men-tay-vo-lay. 
Plaintively. 

La  Poule.  Lah  Pool.  The  second  figure  in  a 
quadrille. 

Larg.,  I^arghetto.  Lar-gait-to.  Not  quite  so 
slow  as  Largo. 

Largo.  Lar-go.  The  movement  one  degree 
quicker  than  Grave. 

La  Trenise.  Lah  Tray-neez.  The  fourth  figure 
in  a  quadrille,  also  called  Pastorale. 

Lay-Clerk.  A  vocalist  who  takes  part  in  the 
services  and  anthems  of  a  cathedral,  but  is 
not  one  of  the  priesthood. 

Leader.  Lead-er.  One  who  leads  a  band,  cho- 
rus, &c. 

Leading-Note.  The  half-tone  below  the  key- 
note. 

Leger-lines.  Ledg-er.  The  lines  added  above 
or  below  the  regular  staff,  for  the  placing  of 
such  notes  as  are  above  or  below  the  range  of 
the  staff;  the  word  "  legere  "  beiii";  the  Latin 
for  to  read,  it  follows  that  ler/ei-  lines  are  to 
facilitate  the  reading  of  the  notes. 

Leggiero.  Ledg-e-ay-ro.  In  a  light,  gay  man- 
ner. 

Lego.,  Legato.  Lay-gah-to.  To  be  played 
smoothly  and  connectedly. 

Lento.,  Lentando.  Len-tahn-do.  ImpMngthat 
the  notes  over  which  it  is  written  are  to  be 
performed  from  first  to  last  with  increasuig 
slowness. 

Lento.    Len-to.    Slow  and  expressive. 

Le  Pantalon.  Le  Pan-ta-long.  The  first  figure 
in  a  quadrille. 

L'6t6.  Lay-toy.  The  third  figure  in  a  qua- 
drille. 

Libretto.  Le-bret-to.  The  words  of  an  opera 
or  oratorio. 

Lied.    Leed.    The  Gemmn  for  a  song  or  air. 

Ligature.  Lig-a-ture.  The  hne  or  band  by 
which  the  toils  of  notes  in  music  are  con- 
nected. 

L'Istesso.  I^stoys-so.  The  samej  as,  L'ls- 
tesso  tempo,  in  the  same  time. 


180 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Loco.  Lo-ko.  A  word  used  in  contradiction 
to  8va.,  and  signifying  that  the  notes  over 
which  it  is  placed  are  not  to  be  played  an 
octave  higher,  but  just  as  written. 

Lusingando.  Loo-sen-gahn-do.  In  a  playful 
manner. 

Lusingato.  Loo-sen-gah-to.  In  a  playful  man- 
ner. 

Lyric.  Lyr-ik.  The  term  by  which  is  distin- 
guished the  kind  of  poetiy  adapted  or  in- 
tended to  be  sung 

Ma.  Mah.  But ;  as,  Vivace,  ma  non  ti'oppo ; 
Lively,  but  not  too  much  so. 

Madrigal.  Mad-rig-al.  An  elaborate  vocal 
composition  much  in  vogue  in  England  in  the 
sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries.  The 
madrigal  is  seldom  in  less  than  five  or  six 
parts,  has  its  fugues,  and  is  altogether  com- 
plex and  scientific  in  its  construction. 

Maeso. ,  Maestoso.  Mah-es-to-so.  In  a  majestic 
stj'le. 

Maestro.  Mah-es-tro.  The  master,  applied 
generally  to  one  having  the  management  of  a 
performance. 

Maestro  del  Coro.  Del  Ko-ro.  The  master  of 
a  choir, 

Mahj-e-o-ray.      The    Italian    for 


Mag-nif-e-kat.    A  portion  of  the 


Maggiore. 
major. 

Magnificat, 
vespers. 

Major.  Ma-jor.  The  Latin  for  greater,  the 
opposite  of  minor. 

Major  Mode.  That  in  which  the  third  is  four 
semitones  above  the  tonic  or  key-note. 

Mano.,  Mah-no.  The  hand :  as.'Mano  destra, 
or  dritta,  the  right;  Mano  sinestra,  the  left 
hand. 

Mano..  Mancando.  Mahn-kahn-do.  Diminish- 
ing the  sounds. 

Marcato.  Mar-kah-to.  Marked ;  as,  Ben  Mar- 
cato,  well  marked. 

Marcia.    Mar-chah.    A  march. 

Marsch.    The  German  for  a  march. 

Measure.  Mezh-ure.  That  division  of  time  by 
which  the  air  and  movement  of  music  are 
regulated. 

Mediant.  Me-de-ant.  The  appellation  given 
to  the  third  above  the  key-note,  because  it 
divides  the  interval  between  the  tonic  and 
the  dominant  into  two  thirds. 

Melody.  Mel-o-de.  A  succession  of  simple 
sounds,  so  regulated  as  to  produce  a  pleasing 
effect  upon  the  ear ;  distinguished  from  har- 
mony by  not  including  a  combination  of  parts. 

Men,,  Meno.    May-no.    Less. 

mf.     Men.     Forte,    less    loud;    Meno  Mosso, 
slower. 

Mesto.,  Mestoso.    Mais-to-so.    Sadly,  pensively. 

Methode.    Met-tode.    An  instruction-book. 

M.,  Mezzo.    Met-so.     Half;  somewhat;  rather. 

M.  F.    Mezzo  Forte.    Bather  loud. 

M.  P.    Mezzo  Piano.    Rather  soft. 

Mezzo  Soprano.  So-prah-no.  A  low  scale  of 
treble  voice. 

M.  V.    Mezzo  Voce.    With  half  the  usual  voice. 

Mi.  Me.  The  third  degree  of  the  natural  ma- 
jor scale,  answering  to  the  English  note  E. 

3Iinim.  Min-iin.  One  of  the  musical  notes, 
ita  length  being  one  half  of  a  semibreve, 

Mino,,  Minuetto,  Min-oo-et-to,  The  minuet 
time,  three  crotchets  or  three  quavers  in  a 
bar. 

Minore.    IVIe-no-ray.    The  Italian  for  minor. 

Minor.  Mi-nor.  The  Latin  for  less,  the  oj)- 
I)osite  of  major. 


Minor  Mode.  That  in  which  the  third  is  three 
semitones  above  the  tonic  or  key-note. 

Mode.  The  designation  of  any  systematic  se- 
ries of  musical  sounds. 

Modo.,  Moderato.  Mod-a-rah-to.  Moderately 
quick. 

Modulation.  Mod-u-lay-shun.  The  art  of  con- 
ducting harmony  through  those  keys  and 
modes  which  have  a  due  relation  to  the  fun- 
damental or  original  key. 

Molto,,  Molil-to.  Much,  or  very  well :  as,  AUo. 
Mol.,  Allegi-o  Molto,  very  briskly;  Molto  Sos- 
tenuto,  well  sustained, 

Morceau.  Mor-so,  The  French  term  for  a  short 
musical  piece, 

Morceaux.  the  plural  of  above  word,  also  pro- 
nounced Mor-so, 

Morendo,  Mo-ren-do,  Letting  the  sounds  die 
away. 

Motet,  Mo-tet,  The  name  of  certain  elabo- 
rate compositions,  in  parts,  chiefly  sacred. 

Motive.  Mo-te-vo.  The  subject  or  theme  of  a 
musical  composition,  particularly  used  in 
reference  to  fugues. 

Moto.  Mo-to.  Emphasis,  feeling;  as,  Con 
Moto,  with  emphasis. 

Movement.  ]Moov-nient.  Any  single  strain  or 
phrase  of  a  composition. 

Movimento.    Mo-ve-men-to.    Movement, 

IVIus.  Bac,  The  abbreviation  of  Bachelor  of 
Music, 

Mus,  Doc,  The  abbreviation  of  Doctor  of  Mu- 
sic, 

Music.  Mu-zik,  Vocal  and  instrumental  melody 
and  harmony, 

Musico.    Moo-ze-ko.    A  musician. 

Mute,  A  small  instrument  made  generally  of 
brass,  but  sometimes  of  ivory  or  boxwood,  to 
be  fixed  on  the  bridge  of  a  violin,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  deadenhig  the  sound. 


Natural.  Nat-u-ral.  The  character  which  re- 
stores a  note  to  its  original  state,  after  it  has 
been  flattened  or  sharpened  by  previous 
direction. 

Non.    Not. 

Non  JNIol.,  Non  Molto.    Not  too  much. 

Non  Tan.,  Non  Tanto.    Not  too  much. 

Non  Trop.,  Non  Troppo.    Not  too  much. 

Nota.    No-tah.    A  note;  as, — 

Nota  Buona.    Boo-o-nah.    An  accented  note. 

Nota  Cattiva.  Kaht-te-vah.  An  unaccented 
note. 

Nota  Cambiata.  Kahm-be-ah-tah.  A  note  ir- 
regular in  transition. 

Nota  Caratteristica.  Kah-rah-tay-re-ste-kah. 
A  characteristic  or  leading  note. 

Notation.  No-ta-shun.  The  manner  of  ex- 
pressing, or  representing  by  characters,  all 
the  different  sounds  used  in  music. 

Notes,  The  characters  which,  by  their  various 
forms  and  positions,  indicate  the  gi-avity  or 
acuteness,  and  duiation,  of  the  various  mu- 
sical sounds. 

Notturno.  Not-toor-no.  A  species  of  musical 
composition  slight  in  pretension. 

Nuovo.    Nofc-o-vo.    New. 

O.    Or,  as. 

Oblique  Motion.  That  movement  of  the  parts 
of  a  composition  in  which  one  voice  or  instru- 
ment holds  on  or  repeats  the  same  note,  whila 
another  ascends  or  descends. 

Ob.,  Obligato.  Ob-le-gah-to.  A  part  that  can- 
not be  omitted. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  IISTFORMATION. 


181 


8va.,  Ottava.  Ot-tah-vah.  Ottava  Alta  signi- 
fies that  the  passage  is  to  be  played  an  octave 
higher  than  written.  When  8va.  is  placed  un- 
der the  bass,  the  passage  is  to  be  played  in 
octaves. 

Octave.  Ok-tave.  An  interval  containing  seven 
degrees,  or  tvv^elve  semitones,  and  whicli  is  the 
first  of  the  consonances  in  the  order  of  gen- 
eration. 

Open  Harmony  is  when  the  parts  composing 
the  harmony  lie  distant  from  each  other. 

Opera.  Op-a-rah.  A  musical  drama,  consist- 
ing of  recitatives,  airs,  duets,  trios,  choruses, 
&c.,  elucidated  by  sceueiy,  costumes,  ma- 
chinery, &c. 

Operetta.  Op-a-ret-tah.  A  short  drama,  with 
music  inti'oduced. 

Oratorio.  O-i-ah-to-re-o.  A  sacred  drama,  per- 
formed generally  without  the  aid  of  scenery 
or  dramatic  action. 

Orchestra.  Or-kes-trah.  A  terra,  in  modern 
times,  understood  to  mean  either  the  instru- 
mentalists in  a  musical  performance,  or  the 
section  of  the  building  occupied  by  them. 

Ordo.,Ordinario.  Or-de-nah-re-o.  Ordinai7;as, 
Ordo.  Tempo,  in  the  ordinary  time. 

Organo.    Or-gah-no.    The  organ. 

Organist.  Or-gan-ist.  The  term  "organist" 
may,  in  strictness  of  speech,  be  applied  to  any 
masterly  performer  on  the  organ,  but  in  its 
common  acceptation  signifies  a  professor  of 
music  who  holds  the  office  of  organist  in  some 
cathedral,  parochial  church,  or  chapel,  or  is 
the  deputy  of  a  person  so  appointed. 

Overture.  0-ver-ture.  The  instrumental  in- 
troduction to  an  oratorio,  opera,  &c. 

p.    This  letter,  by  itself,  stands  for  Piano,  soft. 

Pantomime.  Pan-to-mime.  Derived  from  two 
Greek  words,  signif  j-ing  "  Imitating  many 
things."  Pantomimes  are  dramas  of  action, 
without  dialogue,  and  may  be  either  serious 
or  comic.  They  are  in  England  almost  wholly 
the  latter,  enlivened  by  music,  scenery,  dan- 
cing, &c. 

Parlando.  Par-lahn-do.  In  a  declamatory 
style. 

Parlante.  Par-lahn-tay.  In  a  declamatory 
style. 

Part.  The  name  of  each  section  of  a  harmon- 
ized composition. 

Passage.  In  music,  any  phrase  or  short  portion 
of  an  air. 

Passing  Notes.  Notes  introduced  between  two 
others,  for  the  purpose  of  softening  a  dis- 
tance, or  melodizing  a  passage;  and  which 
notes  are  not  calculated  in  the  harmony. 

Passionato.    Pah-se-o-nah-to.    Impassioned. 

Pasticcio.  Pahs-te-che-o.  An  opera,  the  mu- 
sic of  which  is  not  the  vmiform  production  of 
one  master,  but  selected  from  a  variety  of 
composers.  In  this  species  of  writing,  in- 
stead of  the  melodies  being  composed  to  the 
words,  the  words  are  written  to  the  melodies. 

Pastorale.  Pahs-to-rah-lay.  A  soft  rural  move- 
ment, generally  written  in  sLx  or  twelve  qua- 
vers in  a  bar,  and  moving  by  alternate  crotch- 
ets and  quavers,  like  the  Siciliano.  The  fourth 
figure  in  a  quadrille,  also  called  La  Trenise. 

Patet.,  Patetico.    Pah-tait-e-ko.     Pathetically. 

Pause.  A  mark  or  character,  consisting  of  a 
curve  drawn  over  a  dot,  and  signifying  that 
the  note  or  rest  over  which  it  is  placed  is  to 
be  continued  beyond  the  regular  time. 

Ped.,  Pedal.  Ped-al,  The  wooden  rest  for  the 
foot  under  a  pianoforte,  by  the  use  of  which 


the  dampers  are  raised  from  the  strings,  thus 
allowing  them  their  full  vibration.  The  direc- 
tion for  using  tlie  pedal  is  given  by  the  word 
Ped.,  or  this  mai'k :  :ft 

Pedal-Note.  A  holding-note,  effected  by  aid 
of  the  foot  on  the  pedal  of  the  instrument, 
during  wliich  the  harmony  formed  by  the 
other  parts  of  the  composition  is  allowed  to 
proceed. 

Perden.,  Perdendosi,  Pair-den-do-se.  A  direc- 
tion to  diminish  the  sounds  gradually  till  all 
but  lost  to  the  ear. 

Perfect.   Per-feckt.    Complete  and  satisfactory. 

Perfect  Cadence.  Ka-dense.  A  close,  perfect 
both  in  harmony  and  melody. 

Pes.,  Pesante.  Pay-zahn-tay.  With  weight  and 
imiiortance,  impressively. 

Phrase.  Fraze.  Any  regular  course  of  notes 
conveymg  an  idea;  synonymous  with  "  pass- 
age." 

Piac,  Piacere.  Pe-ah-cha-ray.  At  pleasure  in 
regard  to  time. 

Plan..  Piangevole.  Pe-ahn-jay-vo-lay.  Plain- 
tively. 

Pianissimo.  Pe-ah-ne-se-mo.  As  soft  as  pos- 
sible. 

Piano.    Pe-ah-no.    Soft. 

Pietoso.  Pe-ay-to-so.  In  a  calmly  religious 
style. 

Piu.  Pew.  More ;  it  increases  the  signification 
of  the  word  to  wliich  it  is  added :  as,  Piu  Piano, 
softer;  Piu  Forte,  louder. 

Pizzo.,  Pizzicato.  Pits-.see-kah-to.  Chiefly  appli- 
cable to  the  violin,  signifying  that  the  passage 
over  which  the  word  appears  is  to  be  played 
with  the  fingers  instead  of  the  bow. 

Poco.  Po-ko.  A  Mttle ;  as,  Poco  Lento,  a  little 
slow. 

Poi.    Po-e.    Then :  as,  Poi  Segue,  then  follow. 

Polacca.  Po-lak-kah.  A  Polish  movement  of 
three  crotchets  in  a  bar,  chiefly  characterized 
by  its  emphasis  or  accent  being  laid  upon  the 
first  unaccented  part  of  the  bar. 

Polka.  Pol-kah.  A  Polish  dance  in  two-four 
time. 

Polonaise.  Po-lo-naze.  As  a  dance,  synony- 
mous with  the  polacca ;  but,  the  dance  being 
obsolete,  the  music  of  a  polonaise  is  generally 
played  by  the  band  as  a  prelude  or  invitation 
to  the  ball. 

Pompo.,  Pomposo.  Pom-po-zo.  In  a  pompous 
style. 

Portamento.  Port-ah-men-to.  Ease  and  firm- 
ness of  execution. 

Port^e.  Port-ay.  The  five  lines  on  which  the 
notes  are  written ;  the  staff. 

Posato.  Po-sah-to.  In  a  serious  and  steady 
manner. 

Pot  Pourri.  Po-poo-re.  The  arrangement  of 
various  melodies  in  one  piece,  in  the  style  of  a 
capriccio. 

Precentor.  Pre-sen-tor.  The  ancient  title  for 
a  master  of  a  choir. 

Precisione.  Pray-che-ze-o-ne.  Exactness  in 
time. 

Preghiera.    Pray-ghe-a-rah.    A  prayer. 

Prelude.  Pre-lude.  A  short  introductory  com- 
position or  performance. 

Preludio.  Pray-loo-de-o.  A  short  introductory 
composition  or  performance. 

Presto.     Pres-to.    Quick. 

Preso,,  Prestissimo.  Pres-te-se-mo.  Very  quick. 

Prima.  Pre-mah.  The  feminine  of  Primo,  the 
first. 

Prima  Buffa.  Boo-fah.  The  principal  female 
singer  in  Italian  comic  opera. 


182 


A  DICTIONAKY  OF  MUSICAL  INFOKMATIOK 


Prima  Donna.   Don-nah.   The  prmcipal  female 

singer  in  Italian  serious  opera. 
Prima  Vista.    Vee-stah.    At  tirst  sight. 
Prima  Volta.     Vohl-tah.    The  first  time. 
Primo.    Pre-mo.     First:  as,  Imo.  Vol.,  Primo 

Volta, —  the  first  time;  Primo  Violino,  first 

vioUn ;  Primo  Tempo,  in  the  original  time ; 

Primo  Bulifo.  the  principal  male  comic  singer. 
Psalm.    Sahm.    A  sacred  song. 
Psalmody.    Sahlm-o-de.    The  art  of  composing 

or  performing  psalms  and  hymns. 
Puntato.  Poon-tah-to.  In  a  staccato  and  pomted 

manner. 

Quadrille.  Ka-dril.  A  dance  consisting  of 
movements  divided  into  five  figure,s,  and 
designated  Le  Pantalon,  La  Poule,  L'Ete,  La 
Trenise  or  Pastorale,  and  La  Finale. 

Quadruple.    Quod-ru-pl.    Four  part. 

Quadruple  Counterpoint.  Counterpoint  for  four 
voices  or  instruments. 

Quantity,  in  music,  does  not  signify  so  much  the 
number  of  notes  as  their  relative  duiation. 

Quartet.  Kwar-tet.  A  composition  for  four 
voices  or  instruments. 

Quartetto.  Kwartet-to.  A  composition  for  four 
voices  or  instruments. 

Quasi.  Kwah-se.  In  the  manner  of ;  as.  Quasi 
Andante,  in  the  Andante  style. 

Quaver.  A  musical  note,  in  length  one-half  of 
a  crotchet. 

Quintet.  Kwin-tet.  A  vocal  or  instrumental 
composition  for  five  performers. 

Quintetto.  Kwin-tet-to.  A  vocal  or  instru- 
mental composition  for  five  performers. 

B.  or  R.  H.  The  passage  to  be  played  by  the 
right  hand. 

Eaddo.,  Kaddolcendo.  Kahd-dohl-chen-do.  To 
be  played  in  a  soft,  assuaging  style. 

Ball.,  Kallentando.  Ral-len-tahn-do.  To  slack- 
en time  by  degrees. 

Banz  des  Vaches.  Bahns-da-Varsh.  Airs  of 
husbandmen,  chiefly  Swiss,  and  said  to  be 
played  on  pipes  with  the  object  of  collecting 
the  cattle. 

Be.  Ray.  The  second  degree  of  the  natural 
major  scale,  answering  to  the  English  note  D. 

Becitative.  Res-e-ta-teev.  A  kind  of  musical 
declamation. 

Bedovva.  Re-dow-ah.  A  slow  and  graceful 
dance  in  triple  time. 

Beel.  A  lively  Scotch  dance,  the  music  of  which 
is  in  common  time. 

Bef  rain.  Re-f  rane.  The  burden  of  a  song  re- 
peated at  its  ending. 

Register.  Rej-is-tur.  A  term  applied  to  and 
signifying  the  compass,  or  graduated  notes  of 
a  voice. 

Rehearsal.  Re-her-sal.  The  private  execution 
of  a  composition  previous  to  its  public  pei-form- 
ance. 

Relative.  Rel-a-tiv.  An  epithet  applied  to  those 
chords,  and  those  modes  or  keys,  which,  by 
reason  of  the  aftinity  and  identity  of  some  of 
their  component  sounds,  admit  of  an  easy  and 
natural  transition  from  one  to  the  other. 

Repeat.  Re-peet.  A  character  denoting  that  tt 
the  passage  last  performed  is  to  be  re-  rt 
peated,  marked  by  dots  at  the  side  of  the  vj 
bar  line,  thus : 

Repercussion.  Re-per-kush-on.  Frequent  repe- 
tition of  the  same  sound. 

Replica.  Ray-ple-kah.  A  word  implying  a  re- 
peat. 


Reprise.  Ray-preez.  An  extempore  grace, 
played  in  a  pause  made  for  its  introduction. 

Requiem.  Re-que-em.  A  funeral  sen'ice  com- 
posed and  performed  for  the  repose  of  the  souls 
of  the  departed. 

Resolution.  Res-o-lu-shun.  That  modulation 
or  change  of  harmony,  by  which  the  unaccord- 
ing  note  of  any  discord  falls  to  one  of  the  con- 
cording  notes  of  the  succeeding  harmony. 

Rest.  A  mark  or  character  of  silence,  introduced 
and  counted  into  the  time  of  a  composition. 

Rhythm,  Rithm.  That  property  or  quality  in 
melody  by  which  the  cadences  of  eveiy  move- 
ment are  regulated. 

Ridotto.  Re-dot-to.  An  Italian  entertainment 
combining  singing  and  dancing. 

Rinf.,  Rinforzando.  Reen-for-zahn-do.  Inti- 
mates that  a  note  or  passage  is  to  be  struck 
strongly,  and  held  on. 

Ripieno.  Re-pe-ay-no.  Implies  that  the  part 
is  not  a  principal  one. 

Ritard.,  Ritardando.  Re-tar-dahn-do.  Directs 
a  slackening  of  the  time. 

Ritomella.  Re-tor-nel-lah.  A  short  measure 
preceding  or  following  the  air. 

Riverscio.    Re-vair-sho.    Inverted. 

Rivolto.    Re-vohl-to.  The  Italian  for  inversion. 

Romanza.  Ro-man-zah.  A  sweet  and  touch- 
ing melody  adapted  to  romantic  poetiy. 

Rondo.  Ron-do.  A  composition,  vocal  or  in- 
sti-umental,  consisting  generally  of  three 
strains,  the  first  ending  in  the  original  key, 
while  the  others  are  so  constructed  as  to  get 
back,  in  a  natural  manner,  to  the  first  strain. 

Root.  A  term  applied  to  the  fundamental  note 
of  any  chord. 

Roulade.  Roo-lahd.  A  quick  succession  of 
decorative  notes. 

Round.  A  species  of  fugue,  somewhat  in  the 
style  of  a  catch,  except  that  the  performers 
follow  each  other  though  the  various  parts, 
whence  the  name. 

Roundelay.  Roun-de-lay.  A  lay  or  song  in 
which  continual  returns  are  made  to  the 
burden,  or  original  couplet. 

Rubato.  Roo-bah-to.  In-egular;  as,  Tempo 
Rubato  implies  that  the  time  is  to  be  alter- 
nately quickened  and  retarded. 

Russe.    Roos.    Russian. 

Saltando.   Sahl-tahn-do.  Proceeding  by  skips. 

Sanctus.  Sank-tus.  A  portion  of  the  mass  in 
tlie  Roman  Catholic  Church. 

Saiabanda.  Sar-ra-ban-dah.  A  dance  said  to 
be  originally  derived  from  the  Saracens.  Ac- 
cording to  some  authors,  it  had  its  appellation 
from  a  comedian,  named  Saaabandi,  who  first 
introduced  it  into  France.  The  tune  of  the  sar- 
aband is  written  in  three-two  or  three-four 
time,  and  its  chaiacter  is  both  expressive  and 
majestic. 

Scale.  The  entire  diatonic  sounds  of  our  musi- 
cal system. 

Scena.  Sha-nah.  A  scene;  a  passage  in  an 
opera. 

Scher.,  Scherzando.  Skair-zahn-do.  In  a  play- 
ful manner. 

Scherzo.  Skairt-zo.  Playfulness ;  a  composi- 
tion of  a  playful  character. 

Scio.,  Sciolto.  Shohl-to.  Free  style  of  playing, 
neither  Legato  nor  Staccato. 

Score.  An  entire  draught  of  all  the  parts  of  a 
composition,  ranged  one  above  another,  in 
their  exact  relative  positions  as  to  time,  so 
that  the  eye  takes  the  entire  harmonies  at 
a  glance. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


183 


Secondo.  Sek-on-do.  The  second  part,  either 
vocal  or  instrumental. 

Segno.  Sayn-yo.  A  sign  or  mark ;  as,  Al  Segno, 
go  back  to  the  sign. 

Segue.  Seg-guay.  It  follows,  understood  in 
connectio.i  with  some  other  term;  as,  Segue 
Coro,  the  chorus  follows. 

Semi.    Sem-e.    Half. 

Semibreve.  Sem-e-breev.  A  note  equal  to  two 
minims. 

Semitone.    Sem-e-tone.    Half  a  tone. 

Semiquaver.  Sem-e-qua-ver.  A  musical  note; 
its  length  behig  one-half  that  of  a  quaver. 

Semplice.  Sem-ple-che.  With  simplicity  and 
chasteness. 

Sempre.  Sem-pray.  Always;  as,  Sem.  P., 
Sempre  Piano,  always  soft. 

Senta.,  Sentimentale.  Sen-te-men-tah-lay. 
With  feeling  and  sentiment. 

Sen.,  Senza.    Sen-zah.    Without. 

Senza  Interruzione.  In-tair-rootz-e-o-ne.  With- 
out interruption. 

Sen.  Kepli.,  SenzaReplica.  Ray-ple-kah.  With- 
out repeat. 

Senza  Rigore.    Re-go-ray.    Not  in  strict  time. 

Senza  Stromenti.  Stro-men-te.  Without  instru- 
ments. 

Septet.  Sep-tet.  A  piece  of  music  arranged  for 
seven  voices  or  instruments. 

Septetto.  Sep-tet-to.  A  piece  of  music  arranged 
for  seven  voices  or  instruments. 

Septuor.  Sep-tu-or.  A  piece  of  music  arranged 
for  seven  voices  or  instruments. 

Sequence.  Se-quense.  A  regular  alternate  suc- 
cession of  similar  chords. 

Serenade.  Ser-re-nade.  A  concert  performed 
in  the  open  air,  and  under  the  windows  of  the 
party  it  is  intended  to  entertain. 

Serenata.  Sa-ra-nah-tah.  A  composition  on  an 
amorous  subject,  consisting  of  solos,  duets, 
choruses,  &c. ;  as,  Handel's  Acis  and  Galatea. 

Seria.  Say-re-ah.  Serious ;  as,  Opera  Seria,  a 
serious  or  tragic  opera. 

Serioso.    Say-re-o-so.    In  a  serious  style. 

Service.  Ser-vis.  A  composition  of  the  morn- 
ing or  evening  prayers  in  solos,  duets,  cho- 
ruses, &c.,  for  the  use  of  chui'ches. 

Sestet.  Ses-tet.  A  piece  of  music  arranged  for 
six  voices  or  instruments, 

Sestetto.  Ses-tet-to.  A  piece  of  music  aiTanged 
for  six  voices  or  instrumemts. 

Sextuor.  Sex-tu-or.  A  piece  of  music  arranged 
for  six  voices  or  instruments. 

Sf.,  Sforzando.  Sfor-zahn-do.  A  mark  indicat- 
ing that  a  passage  is  to  be  begun  energetically, 
but  continued  more  softly. 

Si.  Se.  The  seventh  note  of  the  natural  major 
scale,  answering  to  the  English  note  B. 

Siciliano.  See-chil-ly-ah-no.  A  pastoral  move- 
ment in  six-eight  or  nine-eight  time. 

Signature.  Sig-na-ture.  A  name  given  to  the 
number  of  flats  or  sharps  indispensable  to  each 
key,  and  placed  at  the  beginning  of  each  stave . 

Signe.  Se-ne.  The  sign :  Al  Signe  meaning 
that  a  piece  is  to  be  played  or  repeated  up  to  a 
sign,  or  direction,  generally  marked  thus :  ^ 

Similar  Motion.  When  two  or  more  parts  move 
in  the  same  progression. 

Sinestra.  Se-nes-trah.  The  lef t ;  as,  Mano  sen- 
estra,  the  left  hand. 

Stnfonia.    Sin-fo-ne-ah.    A  symphony. 

Si  Replica.  Se  Ray-ple-kah.  ImpUes  that  the 
movement  to  which  the  words  are  applied  is  to 
be  repeated. 

Slen  ,  Slentando.  Slen-tahn-do.  A  direction  to 
slacken  the  time. 


Slur.  A  curvilinear  line  drawn  under  or  over 
notes  as  a  direction  to  glide  them  one  into 
the  otlier. 

Smorz.,  Smorzando.  Smor-zahn-do.  Smother- 
ing the  sounds,  in  the  legato  style. 

Soave.    So-ah-va.     Sweetfy. 

Sol.  Sohl.  The  lifth  note  of  the  natural  major 
scale,  answering  to  the  English  note  G. 

Sol-fa-ing.  Sohl-fah-ing.  The  art  of  sounding 
notes,  articulating  at  the  same  time  the  cor- 
responding syllables  of  the  gamut. 

Solfeggi.  Sohl-fedge-e.  Exercises  for  the  voice 
in  the  practice  of  sol-fa-ing. 

Solo.  So-lo.  A  composition  for  a  single  voice 
or  instrument. 

Sonata.  So-nah-tah.  An  instrumental  com- 
position, consisting  of  several  movements, 
written  for,  and  intended  to  display  the  pow- 
ers of,  a  single  instrument  to  each  part. 

Sonatina.  Son-ah-te-nah.  A  short  and  easy 
sonata. 

Song.  A  short  lyric  poem  set  to  music,  or 
adapted  for  music. 

Sopra.  So-prah.  Above,  or  upper;  as,  Nelle 
Parte  di  Sopra,  in  the  higher  or  upper  part. 

Soprano.  So-prah-no.  The  lower  quality  in 
a  treble  voice. 

Sos.,  Sostenuto.  Schs-tay-noo-to.  A  direction 
to  sustain  the  notes  to  their  entire  length. 

Sotto.  So-to.  Below,  under;  as,  8.V.,  Sotto 
Voce,  So-to  Vo-chay.  In  an  undertone. 

Spaces.  The  voids  or  intervals  between  the 
lines  of  the  staff. 

Spi.,  Spiritoso.    Spe-re-to-so.    With  spirit. 

Stac,  Staccato.  Stahk-kah-to.  A  direction  to 
play  notes  crisply  and  distinctly. 

Staff.  The  live  lines  on  which  the  notes  are 
placed. 

Staves.    The  plural  of  staff. 

Stem.  The  short  vertical  line  projecting  from 
the  head  of  a  note. 

Straccinato.  Stratch-e-nah-to.  Slackening  the 
time. 

Strain.  Those  successive  portions  of  a  compo- 
sition which  constitute  musical  phrases  or 
periods,  the  first  ending  at  the  first  double 
bar;  the  second  lying  between  that  and  the 
second  double  bar ;  the  third  following ;  and 
so  on. 

Strathspey.  Strath-spe.  A  lively  Scotch 
dance,  in  common  time. 

Strepito.  Stray-pe-to.  Impetuously,  boister- 
ously. 

Strepitoso.  Stray-pe-to-so.  Impetuously,  bois- 
terously. 

Stretto.  Strait-to.  Shortened  in  time ;  imply- 
ing that  the  movement  is  to  be  considerably 
quickened. 

Strino.,  Stringendo.  Strin-jen-do.  To  quicken 
the  time. 

Studio.    Stu-de-o.    A  study  or  exercise. 

Sub.    From,  under,  below. 

Sub-Dominant.  The  fourth  degree  from  the 
kev-note. 

Sub-Semitone.  The  note  which  is  a  semitone 
below  the  tonic,  or  key-note. 

Sub..  Subito.    Soo-be-to.    Quickly. 

Sub-Tonic.    The  note  below  the  tonic. 

Super.    Soo-per.    Above. 

Super-Dominant.    Above  the  dominant. 

Super- Tonic.    The  note  above  the  tonic. 

Suspension.  Sus-pen-shun.  The  retaining  in 
any  chord  some  note  or  notes  of  the  preced- 
ing chord. 

Symphony.  Sim-fo-ne.  The  introduction  and 
concluding  instrumental   parts   of  a  VDcal 


184 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION 


composition.  Also  a  composition  for  a  full 
orchestra,  comprising  various  movements. 
Syncopation.  Sin-ko-pa-shun.  The  process  by 
which  the  last  note  of  a  bar  is  so  blended 
with  the  first  note  of  the  following  bar,  as  to 
form  one  continuous  sound. 

T.,  Tacet.    Ta-set.    To  be  sUent. 

Tan.,  Tanto.    Tahn-to.    So  much. 

Tarantella.  Tar-an-tel-la.  A  dance  deriving 
its  name  from  the  superstition  said  to  have 
existed,  that  its  dancers  could  thereby  cure 
the  effect  of  a  bite  from  the  tarantella. 

Tardo.    Tah-do.    In  a  dragging  manner. 

T.  S.,  Tasto  Solo.  Tahs-to  Solo.  Written  over 
or  under  bass  notes  as  a  direction  not  to 
accompany  them  with  chords. 

Te  Deum.  De-um.  A  hymn  of  thanksgiving 
to  the  Almighty. 

Tema.    Tay-mah.    A  theme  or  subject. 

T.,  Tern..  Tempo.    Tem-po.    Time. 

Tem.  di  Bal.,  Tempo  di  Ballo.  Bah-lo.  In  the 
time  of  a  dance. 

Tem.  Irao.,  Tempo  Primo.  Pre-mo.  In  the 
original  time, 

Tem.  Com.,  Tempo  Comodo.  Ko-mo-do.  A 
convenient  degree  of  quickness. 

Tem.  di  Gav.,  Tempo  di  Gavotta.  Gab-vot-tah. 
In  gavot  time. 

Tem.  di  IVIarcia,  Tempo  di  Marcia.  Mar-che- 
ah.    In  the  time  of  a  march. 

Tem.  Giu.,  Tempo  Giusto.  Ju-sto.  In  strict 
time. 

Tem.  Min.,  Tempo  di  IVIinuetto.  Min-oo-et-to. 
In  minuet  time. 

Tem.  Rub.,  Tempo  Rubato.  Roo-bah-to. 
Time  alternately  accelerated  and  retarded. 

Tempestoso.  Tem-pes-to-zo.  In  a  violent  or 
tempestuous  manner. 

Temps.    Tong.    The  French  for  time. 

Tenera.,  Tenerezza.  Tay-nay-ret-zah.  Ten- 
derly. 

Tenor.  Ten-or.  The  second  male  voice,  reck- 
oning from  the  bass ;  as  also  the  third  of  the 
four  parts  in  harmonical  composition,  reckon- 
ing from  the  upper  part.  The  Tenor  is  the 
prevaiUng  voice  in  man. 

Tenor  Clef.     The  clef   which  has  C     -[g| 
on  the  fourth  line,  made  thus :  {{_il 

Ten.,  Tenuto.  Tay-noo-to.  A  direction  to 
hold  a  note  to  its  f  uU  length ;  sjTionymous 
with  Sostenuto. 

Terzetto.  Tertz-et-to.  A  composition  for  three 
performers. 

Tetrachord.  Tet-ra-kord.  The  interval  of  a 
fourth. 

Theme.    A  musical  subject. 

Theory.  The-o-re.  The  principles  of  a  science 
independent  of  its  practical  exemplification ; 
as,  a  person  may  be  a  good  theoretical  musi- 
cian without  performing  or  singing  well. 

Thorough  Bass.  The  art  of  placing  from  figures 
placed  over  or  under  any  bass  note. 

Ties.  Those  thick  lines  which  unite  the  tails  of 
notes,  and  distinguish  quavers,  semiquavers, 
&G.,  from  crotchets;  as  also  the  curves,  or 
slur-marks,  drawn  over  or  under  the  heads 
of  notes  to  be  performed  as  one  sound. 

Time.  The  measure  of  sounds,  so  as  to  regu- 
late their  duration. 

Time-Table .  A  representation  of  the  several 
notes  and  their  relative  lengths  or  durations. 

Timo.,  Timoroso.  Te-mo-ro-so.  Expressive  of 
timidity  and  awe. 


Toccata.  Tok-kah-tah.  A  brilliant  piece  of 
music. 

Tone  has  various  musical  significations:  1. 
The  distance  or  interval  between  two  sounds ; 
2.  The  property  of  sound  constituting  grave 
and  acute  ;  3.  The  particular  quality  of  a 
voice  or  instrument,  as  we  speak  of  "a  rich 
tone,  a,  poor  tone,  a  fall-toned  violin,  &c. 

Tonic.   Ton-ik.  The  key-note  of  a  composition. 

Tosto.  Tos-to.  Rather;  as,  Piu  Tosto  Largo, 
rather  slow. 

Touch.  The  term  by  which  the  quality  of  a 
keyed  instrument  is  defined,  or  the  fingering 
of  an  instrumental  perfoi-mer  is  described. 
WTien  the  keys  of  an  organ  or  piano-forte 
are  moved  with  difliculty,  it  is  said  to  have  a 
heavy  touch ;  if  the  reverse,  a  light  touch. 

Trachea.    Tra-ke-a.    The  windpipe. 

Tranqua.,  Tranquillezza.  Trahn-quil-let-zah. 
Tranquilly. 

Transient.  Tranz-e-ent.  Passing:  a  transient 
modulation  consisting  in  quitting  a  key  almost 
as  soon  as  it  has  been  entered  upon. 

Transition.  Tran-sizh-un.  The  softening  of  a 
disjunct  interval  by  the  introduction  of  inter- 
mediate sounds. 

Transposition.  Trans-po-sizh-un.  The  shift- 
ing of  a  composition  from  the  key  in  which  it 
is  written  to  one  higher  or  lower,  to  suit  the 
compass  of  a  particular  voice  or  instrument; 
in  doing  which  correctly,  all  the  intervals  of 
the  original  must  be  preserved,  by  introducing 
the  flats,  sharps,  &c.,  of  the  adopted  key. 

Treble.    Treb-el.    The  highest  vocal  part. 

Treble  Clef.    The  clef  which  has  C    dfr: 
on  the  third  space,  made  thus :         KS 

Trem.,    Tremando.      Tra-mahn-do.      With    a 

tremulous  motion. 
Triad.  Tri-ad.  A  chord  consisting  of  three  notes. 
Tiill.    A  shake,  commonly  written  tr. 
Trillando.     Tril-lahn-do.     Shakingly,  or  with 

shakes. 
Trio.    Tre-o.    A  composition  in  three  parts. 
Triple.    Trip-el.    Three-part. 
Triple  Time.    A  movement  of  three  beats  in  a 

bar. 
Triplet.    Trip-let.    Three  notes  sung  or  played 

in  the  time  of  two, 
Troppo.     Tro-po.     Too  much  :   the  negative, 

non,  Is  usually  before  it;    as.  Allegro  non 

Troppo,  not  too  quick. 
Troubadour.    Troo-bah-door.    The  appellation 

given  to  the  early  poet-musicians,  or  bards, 

of  Provence  and  iSTormandy. 
Trouveres.    Troo-vair.    The  French  for  Trou- 
badour. 
Tune.     An   air,    or   succession    of    measured 

sounds,  at  once  agreeable  to  the  ear,  and  in 

accordance  with  musical  rule. 
Tutti.     Too-tee.    All;   in  contradistinction  to 

solo,  points  out  where  aU  are  to  take  up  the 

performance. 
Tutta,  Toot-tah ;  Tutte,  Toot-ta;  Tutto,  Toot- 
to.    Have   the   same    meanings  :   being   the 

various  inflections,  singular  and  plural,  of  the 

same  adjective. 
TyroUenne.    Te-ro-le-en.    A  Tyrolese  dance. 

Un.  Oon.  The  Italian  for  the  English  article 
A;  as,  Un  Po.,  Un  Poco,  A  little. 

Unison.  U-ne-zun.  Two  or  more  sounds,  so 
directly  similar  that  the  ear  perceives  no  dif- 
ference, are  called  in  unison.  The  octave  of  a 
note  is  also  its  unison,  for  the  same  reason. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 


185 


CTnisi.,  XJnisoni.  Oo-ne-so-ne.  A  direction  to 
play  the  parts  in  octaves,  or  unison. 

Valse.    Volse.    A  waltz. 

Valse  a  Deux  Temps.  Ah-deu-Tong.  A  waltz 
in  two-four  time. 

Varia.  Variamento.  Var-e-ah-men-to.  In  a 
varied  and  free  style. 

Variai.,  Variazioni.  Var-e-ah-tze-o-ne.  Vari- 
ations on  a  theme  or  air. 

Vaudeville.  Vo-de-vele.  A  short  drama  inter- 
spersed with  songs. 

Veloce.    Vay-lo-chay.    With  extreme  rapidity. 

Velocissimo.  Vay-lo-che-se-mo.  Very  quick- 
ly. 

Velocita.    Vay-lo-che-tah.    Quickly. 

Vibration.  Vi-bra-shun.  That  tremulous  mo- 
tion of  any  sonorous  body  by  which  sound  is 
produced  with  corresponding  tremulousness. 

Vig.,  Vigoroso.    Vig-o-ro-so.    With  strength. 

Vivace.    Ve-vah-chay.    Vivaciously. 

Vivacissimo.  Ve-vah-che-se-mo.  With  ex- 
treme vivacity. 

Vocal.  Vo-kal.  A  term  applied  to  those  musi- 
cal sounds  which  proceed  from  the  human 
musical  organs ;  also  to  music  composed  for 
the  voice,  and  performances  consisting  of 
singing. 

Vocalize.  Vo-kal-ize.  To  practise  singing  on 
the  vowels. 

Vocalizzi.  Vo-kah-let-ze.  Exercises  in  singing 
upon  vowels. 

Vocal  Score.  A  vocal  arrangement  of  all  the 
separate  voice  parts,  placed  in  their  proper 


bars  under  each  other,  and  used  by  the  vocal 
conductor. 

Voce.    Vo-chay.    The  Itahan  for  voice. 

Voce  di  Camera.  Kam-e-rah.  A  voice  only 
calculated  for  chamber  performance. 

Voce  di  Petto.  Pet-to.  The  natural,  or  chest 
voice. 

Voce  Sola.  So-lah.  A  direction  that  the  pass- 
age over  which  it  is  written  is  to  be  sung 
without  accompaniments. 

Voce  di  Testa.  Tes-tah.  The  Itahan  tenn  for 
a  falsetto,  or  head  voice. 

Voice.  The  sound  produced  by  the  vocal  or- 
gans. 

Vol.,  Volante.  Vo-lahn-tay.  Lightly  and 
rapidly. 

V.  lma,'Volta  Ima.    Vohl-tah.    The  first  time. 

Vole.,  Volonte.  Vo-lohn-tay.  Will;  as,  A 
Volante,  at  will. 

v.,  VoUi.    Vol-te.    Turn  over  leaf. 

V.  S.,  Volti  Subito.  Soo-be-to.  Turn  over 
quickly. 

Voluntary.  Vol-un-ta-re.  An  extempore  per- 
formance upon,  or  a  composition  written  for, 
the  organ,  generally  performed  during  pauses 
in  the  church  services. 

Walzer.    Vahlt-zer.    The  German  for  waltz. 

Zeloso.    Zay-lo-so.    Enthusiastically. 

Zoppo.  Zop-po.  Leaping:  an  Italian  term 
chiefly  used  in  counterpoint,  indicating  that 
the  theme,  by  the  aid  of  syncopation,  is  made 
to  advance  by  leaps  or  starts. 


A   LIST    OF 

MODERN    MUSICAL    WORKS 

PUBLISHED   IN  THE  UNITED   STATES. 

(Giving  the  Popular  Title  of  each  publication,  with  the  name  of  the  author  or  compiler  wher 
known,  and  the  year  in  which  many  of  the  older  works  appeared,  but  not  including  periodicals.) 

Fkom  1640  TO  1875. 


Abington  Collection;  or,  American  and  European  Harmony.    1813.       D.  Pool  and  J,  Holbrook. 
Academy  Vocalist.     1852  ___________  George  F.  Root. 

Amateur's  School  for  the  Piano-forte  ---------  .J.  C.  Beckel. 

Alexander's  Flute  Instructor    ----------       H.  W.  Alexander. 

Amateur  Organist,    Original  Compositions  --_____  John  Zundel. 

American  Piano-forte  Method         ----------E.  A.  Robbing. 

"         Choir.    Church  Music.    18G0 -        -       -       -A.  J.  Abbey 

•<         Choir.    Church  Music.    1858  -       -        -        -       -        -        -       -A.  N.  Johnson. 

"         Church  Harp.    Church  Music.    1848 W.  H.  Rhinehart. 

•'         Collection.    Instrumental,    1856  -------   John  \V.  Moore. 

♦'         Harmony.   Church  Music.    1801         ------      Nehemiah  Shnmway. 

"         Harmony,  or  Royal  Melody.    1774         -------  William  Tansur. 

"         Harmony,  or  Universal  Psalmodist,    1774        ------      A.  WUhams. 

"         Harmony.    Original  Church  Music.    1792     ------      Oliver  Holden. 

"         Church  Organ  \  oluntaries         -----      A.  N.  Johnson  and  H.  S.  Cutler. 

"        Reed  Organ     -- W.  H.  Clarke. 

"        School  for  the  Melodeon  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -     T.  E.  Gumey. 

•'        VioUnist _--         j.  p.  Hanks. 

"        Tune  Book         ------------  Lowell  Mason. 

"         Harp         -------------    Charles  Zeuner. 

"         Musical  Class  Book Th.  Bissell. 

"         Repertorj',    Band  Music        -        -        -        -       -       -        -        -        -E.  A.  Samuels. 

"         Musical  Directory       ---------        Thomas  Hutchinson. 

•*         Singing  Book.     1771        ----------         Daniel  Reed. 

"         Psalmoily.    1829         -        -       -       -        -        -       -       -.-D.  Dutton  and  E.  Ives. 

*•         Preceptor,  for  Piano-forte.    1839    --------  Maximilian  Hall. 

"         School  Readei-s.    Three  Books  -       -       -        -        -    L.  O.  Emerson  and  W.  S.  Tilden. 

"         Musical  Primer.    1808    ---------         Amos  Blanchard. 

"         School  Melodist.    1855       ----------  Josiah  Osgood. 

"         Repository  of  Sacred  Music.    1830         ------       Samuel  Waketield. 

"        IVlinstrel.    1852   --------A.  Abbot  and  George  Andrews. 

Amphion.    Part  Songs  for  male  voices  ---------         J.  E.  Gould. 

Andre's  Organ  School -        Jul.  Andr6. 

Andre's  School  of  Instruction         ----------  Jul.  Andre. 

Angucra's  Complete  Method  for  Guitar     ---------J.  Anguera. 

Ancient  Lyre.    1833  -------------    Charles  Zeuner. 

Ancient  Harmony  Revived.    1847 G.  W.  Fargo  and  Jesse  Peurce. 

Antiquarian      -------------        Leonard  Mai-shaU. 

Ancient  Sacred  Lvre.    1848 Benjamin  Sweetser,  jun. 

Anthems  and  Hyinns       ----------         Augustus  Ivreissmann. 

Anthem  Serial --S.  Lasar. 

Appendix  to  Marx's  Musical  Composition      ---------       E.  Girac. 

Apollo  Harmony.    1807       ----------     Jonathan  Huntington. 

Art  of  Singing,  in  Three  Parts,    1803     ---------       Andrew  Law. 

Art  of  Singing      --------------  Carl  Gaertner. 

Art  of  Singing  ----- Cario  Bassini. 

Art  of  Singing.    Tenor  Voice --    Carlo  Bassini. 

Arbuckle's  Comet  Instructor  ----------         M.  Arbuckle. 

Arion.    Part  Songs  for  Male  Voices  ---------       John  D.  WUlard. 

Atlantic  Glee  Book  -       --------        B.  F.  Baker  and  L.  H.  Southard. 

Asaph.    Church  Music        ---------     Lowell  and  WUliam  Mason. 

Ascher's  Modern  Pianist  --_--.------     J.  Ascher. 

Alberti's  German  Accordeon  Instructor   ---------      Carl  Alberti. 

187 


188 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Amateur  Journal.    Band  Music nJr'lS,"  fvobe* 

Amateur  Album,  for  Piano-forte TohnS  Adams' 

Adams's  New  INIusical  Dictionary p  M^nd^Shn" 

Atlialie.    Racine's.    An  Oratorio      -        -        - -        ^^- ^j^^^^^.^^^^J^' 

Alpine  Glee  Singer  -        -        - vm'mi,«S' 

American  Vocalist.    Church  Music "^l  ^T;r  ^  Toh  ,f<Sn " 

Alleghany  Collection.    Church  Music   -        - -        -      ^' V't^^J  l,*^^^- 

Arban's  Cornet  Method w  «  PpvS" 

Advance.    Church  Music       -, -n  ^  TTn.1,rPs  and  a  W  Foster 

Anthem  Offering.    Church  Music      ------       !>•  F- Hodges  and  G.  W.  Foster. 

Anthem  Choir.    Church  Music        ----------    wTTmi'inhiPv^' 

Alt  of  Reading  Music R^han^viiner' 

Alt  Life  and  Theories - t  u  w-.Lu^nr^* 

Anthem  Thanksgivmg.    Church  Music -       -       -        I- 1^- ^^  «o^^^ J^^- 

Accoideon  Primer Sen  W   mer" 

::  St^th^o^^l  -.----■-------■-■-■-■-■     leTwhuS 

Army  Drum  and  fSc  Book B  A.  Burditt  and  Cassidy  O.  W.  Keach. 

Aida.    Libretto  of  an  Opera "    ^.^f-   :.,,pr;' 

Afiicaine.    Libretto  of  an  Opera       - -        -        -        -    c^  Meje  Deer. 

Anna  Bolena.    Libretto  of  an  Opera     ---------  t^.  Donizetti. 

lSt5fp°Sf?WsecondP.;W    ------------    --F.B.Me„ae>.BoW. 

lX%fSS?p1c£rrsQ.e.-  sabbath  ScU-ools-    ------    --  ^-fdKS^: 

iss^-v^rspSr-':*":""-  --------------- -w.ni„vi= 

Appendix  to  Encyclopaedia  of  Music domi  w.  ivioore. 

Baker's  Modem  Instructions  for  Piano ^^^'^T^r'^^J^t' 

Beck  and  Lawton's  Piano  Method -        -    f^,;^'  ^4,^1^^^ 

BeUak's  Piano-fort^e  Method  ----- "^    M^PrtSi* 

Beitini's  Piano-forte  Method     -        -        -        - -R^«,.H;„n;;fVRpvPr' 

Beyer's  Prenminai-y  School  for  Piano ■^^'^'^^'  t    wh^fl* 

Boston  Piano-fort;e  Instructor    -        -        -        -^   '        '    ,-       "        -        "        "         wtspS* 

Beri^ini's  Twenty-tive  Studies  for  Piano.    Opus  29,  32,  and  100 H.  Betim. 

Beitini's  Self-teaching  Catechism Tn.v?ll  Mn«m!* 

Boston  Academy's  Manual  of  Music Lowell  Mason. 

Baker's  Theoretical  and  Practical  Harmony irpipvw' 

BlSho^eJ's^St'eT-"'"-'^'"-"  .■-■-'-■-"-■-  Dr.  Nohfand  £ady  Wallace! 
BaSSs  S?e'iSSc  Gems  for  Piano  - lat  SSacS- 
Baumbach's  One  Hundred  Operatic  Melodies Adolph  Baumbach. 

Batiste's  Organ  Voluntaries     -^      -        - \  q\varren' 

Beauties  for  the  Organ.    Two  Numbers ^^,    T^vlffpr' 

Brauer's  Primary  Course.    Organ ~        "        '        "       i^  Phnrlo^'  Rochsa 

Bochsa's  Harp  Method       ----- -   N-^^^^^'Said 

Ballard's  Guitar  Method  - - c  iiiilnorH 

Brahiard's  Melodic  School  for  Violin »•  :J^y,^J"f'^^- 

Brainard's  Opera  Melodies  for  Violin "rr  T^!.St>r 

Beibiguer's  Flute  Method TowSfSon* 

^^^^^"lS&^o?r^"-^  -.-.-.-.----■-■-■-■-"-  LreiiMSo^m 

'«       ChirufBook L.  Mason  and  G.J.  Webb. 

Bradbur'^j^rAntfemBook -        -        -       WiUiam  B  Bmlbury. 

Bohemian  Giri.    Opera ^  R  Demmte?* 

Beauties  of  Vocal  Melody  -       -       - ?"  Sp3S* 

i?;tnGKe'Boor'^l'"       Vocal  Music    -_-_-_-_-_    "  j^.  ^,,,,-„  ,„^^^^-^vtbb: 

iSnMeToSfom    Glee  Book B.  F.  Baker  and  L.  H.  Southard 

Baker's  Church  Music ^"  v  T^aWpr* 

Baker's  Short  Anthems  and  Sentences  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       I ,.^.'^~i>^'J:^^^u' 

Baumbach's  Sacred  Quartets     ------       "       "       "   .,"  f^^J^^P^Vf^l'^^V^^^^^ 

Beethoven  Collection  of  Church  Music  -        -        -         E.  Ives,  W.  Alfers,  and  H.  ^-  Jimm. 

Blessner's  Floi-a  Sacra.    Church  Music        - r^^kii  ^iac!f«' 

Boston  Academy  Collection  of  Church  Music -       -,'      JfJl  Os3' 

Bay  State  Collection  of  Church  Music ^- ^- ^''^"'''^rPPnni.'n  tIw^s 

Beauties  of  Harmony.    1813 ^        Tnlm  S" 

Psalmody.    1805 w-ino'!^  r^^^^l^ 

Church  Music.     1804        -        -        - ^'S^T^^Sl^i?.^* 

Billings  and  Holden  CoUection.    1836-       -       -       -       ;       "„-       "  ^  wmiJ^ -^'-Rrlnwv 

Book  of  Worship L.  W.  Bacon  and  William  B.  Bradbury. 

Boston  Musical  Institute's  Collection.  Church  Music  -  ,  -  „  "  ^-,  "  ^  t'^^'^^L^iu"'!^' 
Boston  Musical  Education  Society  Collection.    Chmch  Music.   B  F.  Baker  and  I-  B.  Woodbun^. 

^n.iniiPf-     Vocal  Music  -       - li.  H.  Southard  and  George  W.  Pratt. 

iS-streerciuecti^^^^  1810 Nahum  Mitchell. 


A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  18i9 

Bridgewater  Collection  of  Church  Music.    1824         -       -       -       -     Brown,  Mitchell,  and  Holt. 

Buckley's  New  Banjo  Method    -----------    James  Buckley. 

Burning  Ship.    A  Cantata      ------------       b.  F.  Baker. 

Beethoven's  Sonatas.    Two  volumes        ----___  Louis  Van  Beethoven. 

Bach's  Forty-eight  Preludes  and  Fugues     ---------         J.S.Bach. 

Baillot,  Rode,  and  Kreutzer's  Violin  Method  -       -       -       -    P.  Baillot,  P.  Rode,  Rud  Krcutzer. 

Book  of  Cantatas     -- ----W.  B.  Bradbury. 

Beauties  of  Caledonia.     Scotch  Melodies       ---------         Selected. 

Buhler's  Messe  in  E17.      -       -       -       -       - L.  Buhler. 

Buclv's  INIotet  Collection  for  Choirs        ---------        Dudley  Buck. 

Beren's  New  School  Velocity  for  Piano    ----------  h.  Beren. 

Bonaldi's  Six  Studies  of  Vocalization.    Soprano  edition.     Contralto  edition    -       -  Fr.  Bonaldi. 
Bordogni.    Thirty-six  Vocalises,  in  Three  Books    -------     M.  Bordogni. 

Bordogni.     Twelve  New  Vocalises,  in  Two  Books        ---_-.         m.  Bordogni. 
Barnby's  Eight  Four-Part  Songs        ------____  j.  Barnby. 

Buck's  Six  Four-Part  Songs.    Male  Voices   ---------        D.  Buck. 

Best's  Morning  Service       ------------        W.  T.  Best. 

Baumbach's  New  Collection,  Sacred  Quartets      ------      Adolph  Baumbach. 

Buck's  Second  Collection,  Motets      ----------    Dudley  Buck. 

Belshazzar.    Sacred  Cantata  -        ---------  J.  A.  Butterlield. 

Beatitudes.    Sacred  Cantata,  Sabbath  Schools        -        -        -        -        -        -        -J.  P.  Webster. 

Baker's  Formation  and  Cultivation  of  Voice       -------  B.  F.  Baker. 

Bassini's  Cultivation  of  Young  Voice       ---------    Carlo  Bassini. 

Bagioli's  Vocal  Method  -------------    A.  Bagioli. 

Buds  and  Blossoms.    Sacred  arrangements  for  Piano.    Two  Volumes  -        -        -        -   C.  Grobe. 

Bochsa's  First  Six  weeks  at  Harp  ----------        N.  C.  Bochsa. 

Boehm's  Flute  Instructor  ------------        G.  Haslam. 

Bassini's  New  Vocal  Method  -----------       Carlo  Bassini. 

Book  of  Praise    -       -       -       -       -       -       -W.  T.  Eustis,  jun.,  Edw.  P.  Parker  and  others. 

Baxter's  Piano  Technics         -----------      James  Baxter. 

Baxter's  Technics  for  Voice       -----------  James  Baxter. 

Bugle  Notes.    Temperance  Song  Book  -----      W.  F.  Sherwiu  and  J.  N.  Stearns. 

Brilliant  Gems.    Piano  Pieces  -----------  Selections. 

Baptist  New  Hymn  and  Tune  Book      ---------     Philip  Phillips. 

Beethoven,  Life  of------------      Richard  Wagner. 

Beauties  of  Strauss  for  Piano        --------  From  Strauss's  works. 

Banjoist       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        •>        -        -        -C.  C.  Couverse. 

Back's  Dictionary  of  Musical  TeiTns     ---------         Dudley  Buck. 

Bailey's  Sacred  Music         -----------         Eben  H.  Bailey. 

Bottesini's  Double-Bass  Instructor        ---------  s.  Bottesini. 

Boston  Conservatory  Method  for  Piano    ---------J.  Eichberg. 

Bride  of  Messina.    Opera       -----------J.  H.  Bonawitz. 

Bracket's  Zither  Duets        -----------    Ph.  Louis  Bracket. 

Brightest  and  Best.    Sabbath  School  Book  -        -        -       Rev.  Robert  Lowry  and  W.  H.  Doane. 
Bay  State  Psalm  Book,  1640.    Compiled  by  several  Puritan  clergymen.  -       -        Henry  Dunster. 
BurgmiUler's  Elementary  Instruction  Book.    Piano      ------    Fr.  Burgmuller. 

Burgmuller's  Twenty-five  Studies  (Op.  100).    For  Piano  -----         Fr.  Burgmuller. 

Burrowes's  Piano-forte  Primer  -----------J.  F.  Bun-owes. 

•'  Thorough-Bass  Primer       - --         J.  F.  Burro wes. 

"  Through-Bass  Primer  Companion-       -       -       -       -       -       -       -    J.  F.  Burrowes. 

Buckley's  New  Violin  Method       -----------     Jas.  Buckley. 

Buckley's  Banjo  Guide Jas.  Buckley. 

Briggs's  Banjo  Instructor       -----------    Thomas  F.  Brings. 

Bugle  Preceptor - B.  A.  Burditt. 

Bond's  National  Airs  for  Brass  Band  -----------A.  Bond. 

Brass  Band  Journal.    Twenty-four  Numbers.         ------      Arranged  in  Parts. 

Baker's  and  Southard's  Vocal  Method B.  F.  Baker  and  L.  H.  Southard. 

Baker's  Elementary  Music  Book  - ----B.  F.  Baker. 

Baker's  School  Music  Book B.  F.  Baker. 

Bird's  Vocal  Music  Reader     - ------      Joseph  Bird. 

Belle  Helene.    Libretto  of  an  Opera Jaquese  Offenbach. 

Barbe  Bleue.    Libretto  of  an  Opera      --- Jaquese  Offenbach. 

Bohemian  Girl.    Libretto  of  an  Opera     - JI.  W.  Balfe. 

Barber  of  Seville.    Libretto  of  an  Opera .---         G.  Rossini. 

Belshazzar's  Feast.    A  Cantata G.  F.  Root. 

Beatitudes.    A  Cantata  -------------J.  P.  Webster. 

Bird's  One  Hundred  Single  and  Double  Chants George  Bird. 

Bohemian  Gul.    An  Opera      ------------    M.  W.  Balfe. 

Cjecilia,  for  High  Schools      -------     Sigismund  Lasar  and  Lowell  Mason. 

Canadian  Church  Psalmody       -----------         J.  P.  Clarke. 

Cantata.    Catholic  Music.    Two  Volumes  ---------        A.  Werner. 

Cantata  Domino.    Chants  and  Hymn  Tunea  -       -       -       -       -  L.  H.  Steiner  and  H.  Schwing. 

Cantica  Laudis.    Church  Music    ------     Lowell  Mason  and  George  J.  Webb. 

Cantica  Sacra.    Patent  notes     ------------J.  J.  Tast. 

Cantus  Ecclesiae.    Church  Muaic  -      -      -       -  J.  H.  C.  Stanbiidge  and  W.  H.  W.  Darley. 


190  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 

Carliart's  Melodeon  Instructor  ---- T.  E.  Gurney. 

Carmiiia  Sacra ;  or,  Boston  Collection  of  Sacred  Music     ------   Lowell  Mason. 

Cathedral  Chants.    Organ  accompaniments    --------        A.  U.  Hayter. 

Cathedral  Chants.    Gregoiian  Tones    ---------     S.T.  Tuckerman. 

Cecilian  Glee  Book       --------      Edward  L.  White  and  A.  N.  Johnson. 

Celestina;  or.  Sacred  Minstrel Virgil  Corydon  Taylor. 

Chapel  Melodies    ---- -  Sylvester  and  H,  P.  Main. 

Chopin's  Waltzes  and  Mazurkas Fi-ederic  Chopin. 

Choir  Chorus  Book.    Church  Music  -       - A.  N.  Johnson. 

Choral  Harmony.     -----------    Handel  and  Haydn  Society. 

Choralist.       ----- --        Haiidel  and  H  ay  dn  Society. 

Choralist    ----- -._.      William  B.  Bradbury. 

Choral.    Church  Music       --------      B.  F.  Baker  and  I.  B.  Woodbury. 

Chorister's  Companion,  1782  -       - Simeon  Jocelyn  and  Daniel  Eeed 

Chorus  Wreath.    Oratorio  Choruses,  Glees,  &c.      -       -       -       -       -       -       -L.  O.  Emerson. 

Curtiss'  Piano  Jlethod N.  P.  B.  Curtiss. 

Czerny's  Piano  Method       - _--_-  Carl  Czerny. 

Catechism  of  Music James  Clarke. 

Christian  Hymn  and  Tune  Book --         Amos  Sutton  Ilayden. 

"         Harp.    Patent  notes      -- -       Ruebush  and  Kieffer. 

"         Harmony,  1867.    Patent  notes William  AValker, 

•*         Harp.    1805      ------------      Jeremiah  Ingalls. 

"         Harp.    1836.    Patent  notes Samuel  Waketield. 

"         Melodies.    1807        ----------  George  Barrell  Cheever. 

"         Harmonist.    1804.    Baptist  Hjnnns Samuel  Holyoke. 

"         Harmony.    1794.    Patent  notes Andrew  Law. 

•'         Psalmody.    1832  ---- E.  Barrett  and  E.  Coleman. 

•*         L^Te.    Church  Music      -- -_-         Joshua  Leavitt. 

"         Minstrel.    Patent  notes J.  B.  Aiken. 

"         Psalmist  ---------  Silas  W.  Leonard  and  A.  D.  Fillmore. 

Church  ^lelodies  -----------         Thomas  Hastings  and  Son. 

"        and  Home.    Anthems  and  select  sacred  pieces     -       -      George  Leach  and  II.  C.  Timm. 

«'        Pastorals  for  Social  Worship Nehemiah  Adams. 

"        Music  in  America.    1853 Nathaniel  D.  Gould. 

"        Choir.    1839.    Church  Music         - --       Joseph  Muenscher. 

"        Chant  Book.    Original _--.-    William  Staunton. 

"        Harmony.    1848.     Patent  notes Henry  Smith. 

"        Chorals  and  Choir  Studies        .-- Richard  Storrs  'Willis. 

Collection  of  Approved  Tunes  and  Anthems.    1779 Andrew  Law. 

"  Chants.    1845 _-_--  Charles  Jarvis. 

"  Psalms  and  Hymns  for  the  SLx  Indian  Nations       _       -       -       -        A  Committee. 

Coronation  of  David.    Cantata  W.  J.  D.  Leavitt. 

Coronation  of  Church  Music Sylvester  and  H.  P.  Main. 

Curtiss's  Method  for  Spanish  Guitar -       -       -        N.  P.  B.  Curtiss. 

Cumberland  Collection        ---- Benjamin  Sweetser.  jun. 

Cumberland  Harmony J.  D.  McCullum. 

Cooke's  Vocal  Method T.  Cooke. 

Crescentina's  Art  of  Singing  -----------A.  Panseron. 

Coronet.    Vocal  for  Schools       ------------    G.  F.  Ptoot. 

Carponlier's  First  Method  for  the  Piano --  Adolph  Carpentier. 

Child's  First  Book  for  the  Piano J.  T.  Craven. 

Clifton's  Piano  Instructions  -------------       Clifton. 

Catholic  Vocalist Henry  T  Ilochol. 

Colman's  Firet  ISIass  in  F -   II.  S.  Colman. 

Carmina  Alterna E.  E.  Hale  and  O.  B.  Bro\vn. 

Chime.    Churoh  Music Virgil  Corydon  Taylor. 

Choral  Harmony.    Chm-ch  Music B.  F.  Baker  and  W.  O.  Perkms. 

Choral  Tribute.    Church  Music L.  O.  Emerson. 

Chorister.    Church  Music W.  O.  Perkins. 

Church  Bell     Church  ]\Iusic W.  O.  Perkins. 

♦«       Choral  Book    ----------     B.  F.  Baker  and  J.  W.  Tufts. 

"       Manual ---------      J,  C.  Beckel. 

"       IMelodist E.  L.  White  and  J.  E.  Gould. 

Classical  Chorus  Book B.  F.  Baker  and  L.  H.  Southard. 

Conceitina.    Church  Music -  Vkgil  C.  Taylor. 

Caniillus.    A  Cantata - B.  F.  Baker. 

Carcassi's  Method  for  Guitar M.  Carcass!. 

CaruUi's  Method  for  Guitar Fred.  CaruUi. 

Convei-se's  Method  for  Guitar C.  C.  Converse. 

Coupa's  Instructions  for  Guitar    -- ---J.  B.  Coupa. 

Campagnoli's  Violin  Method      ---- --B.  Campagnoli. 

Czerny's  One  Hundred  Progressive  Piano  Lessons     -------      Carl  Czemy. 

Callcott'a  Musical  Grammar John  W.  Callcott. 

Cherubini's  Counterpoint  and  Fugue  ----------J.  Cherubini. 

Carpentier' 8  Elementary  School  for  Piano-forte     ------     Adolph  Carpentier. 

Carr's  Analytical  Instructor  for  Piano-forte       ------  --     M.  Carr. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION".  191 

Clialloner's  Preceptor  for  Piano-forte      ---------    N.  B.  Challoner. 

Cramer's  Instructions  for  Piano-forte  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -J.B.  Cramer. 

Cross's  Piano-forte  Method -       -       -       -       -M.  H.  Cross. 

Choruses  of  Eli M.  Costa. 

Choruses  of  Elijah F.  B.  Mendelssohn. 

Carmina  Collcgensia -----H.  K.  Waite. 

College  Glee  Book C.  W.  Stevens. 

Cabinet  Organ  Treasury        ----- J.  W,  Elliot. 

Christian  Heart  Songs.    Hymns  and  Tunes     ---------J.  Zuntlel. 

Charm.    Sabbath  Schools       -       -       - P.  P.  Bliss. 

Coronation.    Church  Music T.  F.  Seward  and  C.  G.  Allen. 

Christian  Songs.    Sabbath  Schools Selected. 

Clarke's  Dollar  Instructor  for  Piano W.  H;  Clarke. 

"  "  "  Violin    -       -       - W.  H,  Clarke. 

"  "  "  Reed  Organ W.  H.  Clarke. 

"      Short  Voluntaries  for  Organ W.H.Clarke. 

Campana's  Solfeggi F.  Caniijana. 

Coon's  Brass  Band  Music.    Six  Numbers Oscar  Coon. 

Cirillo's  Twenty  Exercises  for  Voice  -----------V.  Cinllo. 

Cirillo's  Forty  Exercises  for  Voice         -----------V.  Cirillo. 

Choice  Trios.    Female  Voices W.  S.  Tilden. 

Cheerful  Voices.    School  Song  Book L.  O.  Emerson. 

Chorus  Choir.      Sacred  Choruses,  &c. Eben  Tourj^e. 

Children  of  Jerusalem.    Juvenile  Cantata J.  C.  Johnson. 

Culprit  Fay.    Cantata J.  L.  Ensign. 

Casket.    Sabbath  School  Song  Book Asa  Hull. 

Catholic  Choir  Book K-  Garbett. 

Chants  and  Responses James  Pearce. 

Chants  and  Responses L-O.  Emerson. 

Carmina  Yalensia J.  O.  Heald  and  S.  T.  Button. 

Carol.    Sabbath  School  Music -       -       -  W.  B.  Bradbury. 

Chorus  Glee  Book    -- I.  B.  Woodbury  and  Thomas  Hastings. 

Chime  Bells.    Piano  Music Selections. 

Chapel  Gems.    Sabbath  School  Music George  F.  Root. 

Church  Organ.    Church  Music B.  F.  Baker. 

"        Singer.    Church  Music Karl  Reden  and  Goodenough. 

"        Psaltery,     Church  Music ------    E.  Ives. 

Columbian  Glee  Book .       -       -        I.B.Woodbury. 

Cottage  Glees I.  B.  Woodbury. 

Cultivation  of  Voice  without  a  Master _--        l,  B.  Woodbury. 

Clariona.    Sabbath  School  Music W.  B.  Bradbury. 

Cythara.    Church  Music I.B.Woodbury. 

Chapel  Melodies S.  J.  Vail  and  Robert  Lowry. 

Cantilena.    School  Music  Book G.  F.  Bristow. 

Cluster.    Church  Music      -       -       -       -      S.  W.  Martin,  J.  M.  Stillman,  and  T.  INIartin  Townie. 

Clarke's  New  Method  for  Piano Hugh  A.  Clarke. 

Clarke's  Improved  School  Cabinet  Organ --  Hugh  A.  Clarke. 

Crown.    Sabbath  Schools       ---------  Geo.  F.  Root  and  P.  P.  Bliss. 

Chaplet.    Sabbath  Schools ----H.  Millard. 

Crown  of  Life.    Sabbath  Schools  -       -       - W.  A.  Ogden. 

Choice.    Four-Part  Music James  McGranahan  and  C.  C.  Case. 

Carmina  Concordia Truman  Weed. 

Cantus  Divinns.    Catholic  Music A.  H.  Rosewig. 

Chickering  Collection.    Four-Part  Songs.    Male  Voices Selected. 

Ciystal.    Church  Choirs F.  H.  Pease. 

Christmas  Chimes.    Carols W.  Dressier. 

Christmas  Carols John  Stainer. 

Choralist.    Twenty-three  numbers.    Sacred  Choruses Different  Authors. 

Choral  Classics.    In  Numbers  for  Societies Different  Authoi-s. 

Christmas  and  Easter  Carols A.  P.  Howard. 

Czeniy's  Studies  in  Velocitv-    For  Piano.    Complete     ------  Carl  Czerny. 

"        One  Hundred  Easy  Lessons  for  Piano Carl  Czerny. 

"        Thirty  Nouvelle  Etudes  for  Piano Carl  Czerny. 

"        Letters  to  a  Young  Lady Carl  Czerny. 

Corfe's  Principles  of  Harmony Joseph  Corte. 

Chit-Chat  on  INIusic H.  C.  \\  atson. 

Cabinet  Organ  Companion ^^,^r^%^';.,,' 

Clarke's  New  Method  for  Reed  Organ w'  „"  9,     ,  ®* 

Clarke's  New  Reed  Organ  Companion       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       ^^  *  -^i,;  Clarke. 

Caledonia  Collection  for  Violin      -       - t  a  r^'  ^°,"'?* 

Cunnabel's  Method  for  Accordeon     ----------     J-  S.  CunnaV>el. 

Concertina  Without  a  JLaster Case,  Sedgwick,  and  Ruttiiiger. 

Converse's  Method  for  Banjo      -----------     C.  C.  Convei-se. 

Christmas  Carols.    From  the  German  and  English Selections. 

Classic  Glee  Book „  ^^^®,n^^^,"^- 

Concordia.    Glee  Book V.  C.  iayior. 


192  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INTORMATION". 

Covert  and  Dodge  Temperance  Songs       ------        B.  Covert  and  O.  E.  Dodge. 

Crystal  Spring.    Temperance  Songs      -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -S.  K.  Whiting. 

Chapel.    Church  Music       ------------        L.  B.  Barnes. 

Cantica  Ecclesiastica.    Anthems,  &c.   ---------       George  J.  Webb. 

Choral  Selections  for  Conventions,  &c.    Two  Books       -------     Selections. 

Creation.    An  Oratorio    --------------J.  Haydn. 

Creation.    Choruses  alone  -------------J,  Haydn. 

Clarion.    Church  Music  ------------    Leonard  Marehall. 

Convention  Chorus  Book -------     Selections. 

Canzonetta.    Cantata      ------------     Author  unknown. 

Columbia.    Cantata     -------------  Geo.  A.  Mietzke. 

Chapel  Gems.    Sabbath  Schools --        G.  F.  Root. 

Cherub.    Sabbath  Schools  ------------J.  C.  Johnson. 

Choral  Mass  inF--------------       Carl  Greith. 

Concone's  Mass  inF-------------  J.  Concone. 

Crivelli's  Art  of  Singing  -------------         D.  CriveDi. 

Carmina  INIelodia.    Schools         -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -A.  N.  and  J.  C.  Johnson. 

College  Hymn  and  Tune  Book      -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -W.  O.  Perkins. 

Common  School  Song  Book       ------------       Asa  Fitz. 

Concordia.    School  Song  Book ---C.  Grobe, 

Colonial  Harmonist.    1832 -  Mark  Bundiam. 

Columbian  Harmony       -- Joseph  Stone  and  Abraham  Wood. 

"  Song  Book.    1854 I.B.Woodbury. 

"  Harmony.    1830  - --J.  A.  Moore. 

"  Hannony.    1793 -         Daniel  Read. 

"  Repository  of  Sacred  Harmony.    1809     ------      Samuel  Holyoke. 

"  Sacred  Minstrel.    Original      ---------       Joel  Hannon. 

"  Sacred  Harmonist.    1808 O.  Shaw,  A.  Albee,  and  H.  Mann. 

"  Harmonist.    1816 --      Timothy  Flint. 

Compilation  of  Genuine  Church  Music  ----------    Joseph  Funk, 

Comprehensive  JMusic  Teacher  -----------   John  W.  Moore. 

Complete  Melody.    Three  Parts    -- ---         Thomas  Bailey, 

Concert  Harmony.    Two  Parts  -----------  Benjamin  Leslie. 

Concone's  Fifty  Lessons  in  Singing       ----------J.  Concone, 

Congregational  Church  Music     ----------     Leonard  W.  Bacon. 

"  Harp.    Church  Music  ----------    L.  B.  Barnes. 

"  Singer.    Church  Music     ----------       Asa  Fitz. 

"  Tune  Book.    Church  Music ..-      Elias  Nason. 

Constellation ;  for  Conventions.    Select  Anthems  and  Choruses Selections. 

Continental  Harmony.    1794  -----------      WUliam  Billings. 

"  For  Old  Folks'  Concerts.    ----<»----       Selections. 

"  1794 I.  Thomas  and  E.  T.  Andrews. 

"  Vocalist's  Glee  Book.    1834  ---- John  A.  Sterry. 

Cramer's  Fortj'-two  Piano  Studies.    Complete    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -J.  B.  Cramer. 

Czemy's  One  Hundred  and  Ten  Piano  Exercises     --------  Carl  Czeniy. 

Czemy's  One  Hundred  and  One  Preparatory  Lessons.    Complete   -       -       -       -       Carl  Czeniy. 

Concone's  Twenty-tive  Lessons  in  Singing       ---------    j.  Concone. 

Concone's  A^oice  Part  alone.    For  Schools  ---------J.  Concone. 

Creation .    Libretto  of  Oratorio         --.------_-       j.  Haydn. 

Cinderella.    Libretto  of  Opera       --------__-.  G.  Rossini. 

Carnival  of  Venice.    Libretto  of  Opera  ---------A.  C.  Petrella. 

Come,  Let  us  Sing.    (95th  Psalm.)         -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -F.  B.  Mendelssohn. 

Coniopeon  Preceptor  -------------        B.  A.  Burditt. 

Capuletti  e  Montecchi.    Libretto  of  Opera  ----------V.  Bellini. 

Crown  Diamonds.    Libretto  of  Opera      -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -D.  F.  E.  Auber. 

Centennial  Collection  of  Brass  Band  Music.    In  Numbers      -       -       -       -       - 

David's  Harp.    1842 H.W.Day. 

Delights  of  Harmony.    1805 - Stephen  Jenks. 

Deertield  Collections.    1814.    Church  Music  --------    Samuel  WiUard. 

Devout  Psalmodist.    1813       -----------       John  Bun-oughs. 

Deutsches  Choral buch.    1852 Samuel  Wakefield. 

Devotional  Harmonist.    1849  ----------       Charles  Dingley. 

Dictionary  of  Musical  Information  ----------   John  W.  Moore. 

Dictionary  of  Musical  Terms.    1836     ----------    John  Turner, 

Dissertation  on  Scottish  Music.    1800       ---------       James  Tytler. 

Dissertation  on  Musical  Taste.    1822    ---------    Thomas  Hastings. 

Divine  Songs.    1789 -.--.--  Abraham  Wood. 

Dictionary  of  Five  thousand  Musical  Terms John  S.  Adams. 

Dulcimer  Instructor    --------------- j.  Low. 

Dulcimer  without  a  Master    --- --.        e.  Durand. 

Draper's  Fife  Melodies ----     Alonzo  Draper. 

Distin's  Tutor  for  the  Saxhorn.     ------------ M.  Distin. 

Don  Pasquale.    Libretto.    Opera      ---...-.-.         Q.  Donizetti. 
Don  Carlos.    Libretto.    Opera      ------------g.  Verdi. 

Dinorah.    Libretto.    Opera       ------------    Meyerbeer. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  IKFORMATIOK.  193 

Don  Bucefalo.    Libretto.    Opera  -----------        F.  Cagiioni. 

Deems's  Vocal  Instructor    ------------         J.  M.  Deema. 

Damoreau's  Vocal  Method      ----------     Mme.  Cinti  iJamoreau. 

Drummer's  and  Fifer'a  Guide     -------       Geo.  B.  Bruce  and  Dan  Emmett. 

De  Monti's  Mass  in  C     -----------         Arranged  by  Peters. 

Derleth's  Massin  E[?  -------------       Alois  Derleth. 

Dielman's  Mass         -------------        Henry  Dielman. 

Drobisch's  Mass  iuF C.L.  Drobisch. 

Drobisch's  Mass  in  C        ------ C.  L,  Drobisch. 

Darley  &  Stanbridge's  Chants  of  the  Episcopal  Church.  -  W.  H.  W.  Darley  &  J.  C.  B.  Stanbridge. 

Doctor  of  Alcantara.    An  Opera    --- Julius  Eichberg. 

Doctor  of  Alcantara.    Libretto Julius  Eich berg. 

Diapason.    Church  Music       ------------        G.  F.  Koot. 

Dyer's  Anthems    -- Samuel  Dyer. 

David,  an  Oratorio   -- S.  Neukomm. 

Der  Freischutz.    An  Opera CM.  von  Weber. 

Der  FreischUtz.    Libretto ---CM.  von  Weber. 

Desert  Flower.    An  Opera W.V.Wallace. 

Don  Giovanni.    An  Opera -       -       -       -       -W.  A.  Mozart. 

Don  Giovanni.    Libretto W.  A.  Mozart. 

Dearborn's  Flute  Preceptor Nathaniel  I^earbom. 

Dresslcr's  Flute  Instructor ----R.  Dressier. 

Deems's  Piano  Method J.  M.  Deems. 

Duvemoy's  Fifteen  Studies  for  Piano       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -J.  B.  Duvernoy. 

Duvemoy's  ficole  du  Mecanisme  for  Piano         -------       J.  B.  Duvernoy. 

Duvernov's  Ecolo  du  Stj-le  for  Piano J.  B.  Duvernoy. 

De  Monti's  Mass  in  B  I? H.  De  Monti. 

Deems's  Solfeggi J.  M.  Deems, 

David's  Violin  School Ferd.  David. 

Ditson,  O.  &  Co.'s  Brass  Band  Music --       B.  A.  Burditt. 

Devotional  Chimes.    Hymns  and  Tunes       ----------   Asa  Hull. 

Danks'  Anthem  Services H.  P.  Danks. 

Day  Spring.    Church  Music LB.  Woodbury. 

Dodworth's  Brass  Band  School  ------ H.  B.  Dodworth. 

Dulcimer.    1849.    Church  Music LB.  Woodbury. 

Dodworth's  Cornet  Instructor H.  B.  Dothvorth. 

Dyer's  Sacred  Choruses  ------- Samuel  Dyer. 

De  La  Motte's  Piano  and  Musical  Matter Gabrielle  De  La  Motte. 

Dobson's  New  System  for  Banjo George  C.  Dobson. 

Dettingen  Te  Deum - George  F.  Handel. 

De  Beriot's  Violin  School Charles  De  BerioL 

Daniel.    Sacred  Cantata -       George  F.  Root  and  W.  B.  Bradbuiy. 

Diamond  Hymns.    Sabbath  Schools     -----------J.  Rigg. 

Dinorah ;  or.  Pardon  di  Ploermel.    An  Opera G.Meyerbeer. 

Dame  Blanche.    Libretto  of  Opera Boieldieu. 

Don  Giovanni.    Complete  Opera  as  Piano  Solo       -------       W.A.Mozart. 

Der  Freischutz.    Complete  Opera  as  Piano  Solo         - CM.  von  Weber. 

Easy  Instructor.    1798 William  Little  and  William  Smith. 

Easy  Guide  to  Vocal  Music.    1836 John  Turner. 

Eastern  Lvre ---       David  Paine  and  Edward  Howe. 

Ecclesiastical  Harmony.    1834 T.  B.  Mason. 

Education  of  the  Voice.    1855 Carlo  Bassini. 

Elementary  Studies  in  Music.    1869 Benjamin  Jepson. 

Encyclopcc'dia  of  Music.    1852 John  W.  Moore. 

Episcopal  Harp,    1840 S.  Parkman  Tuckemian. 

Essex  Harmony ;  or,  Musical  Miscellany.    1785        -       - Daniel  Bailey. 

Essex  Harmony.    1800 Jacob  Kimball,  jun. 

Euphonia.    1859 ---     Charles  F.  Heuberer  and  E.  Penibeau. 

Evangelical  Music.    1834        -------        J.  H.  Hickok  and  George  Fleming. 

Emani.    An  Opera G.  Verdi. 

Ernani.    Libretto.    Opera G.  Verdi. 

Excelsior.    Church  Music ----J.  W.  Suffern. 

Engedi.    An  Oratorio L.  Van  Beethoven. 

Easter  Morning.    A  Cantata Dudley  Buck. 

Excelsior  Melodcon  Instructor       -----------       L.  Warden. 

Everest's  Piano-forte  Instructor        -----------    C  Everest. 

Excelsior  Piano-forte  Instructor James  Bellak. 

Ehlert's  Letters  on  Music    ------------        Louis  Ehlert. 

Exercise  Song  Book -  Asa  Fitz. 

Emerson's  New  Method  for  Reed  Organ -       -       -     L.  O.  Emerson. 

Eaton's  New  Method  for  Cornet -----E.  K.  Eaton, 

Emerson's  Singing  School L.  O.  Emerson. 

•'         Chants  and  Responses  ----------        L,  O.  Emerson. 

"         Episcopal  Chants L.O.  Emerson. 

-Empiro  Collection.    Church  Music        ---------        A,  N.  Johnson, 


m,  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Excelsior  School  Song  Book --     j?- J'J?*H®'** 

Enchanter.    Glee  Book V.O.Taylor. 

Echo  of  Happy  Voices.    Sabbath  School ^     -     Selected. 

Eichberg's  Violin  Method Juhus  Lichberg. 

Elementary  Music  Reader      -----------        '    ,  "  ^;  Jepson. 

Excursion.    A  Cantata J- ^I- ^^^^'^^il^'^ck. 

Every  Sabbath.    Sabbath  School  Book JF'^'J9  ^^''^V®' 

Echoes  from  Zion.    Sabbath  School  Book W.  F.  Slierwm. 

Excelsior  Collection  for  Flute        -       -       "       -       -       -       -       -       '       '   .   '        ,^-  7  ""^er. 

English  Concertina  Instructor Case,  Sedgwick,  and  Faittniger. 

Etiquette  of  Ball  Room ^"]^,.^^®'^- 

Ethiopian  Glee  Book.    Three  Volumes Publisher. 

Eli.    An  Oratorio ^}-  Costa. 

Eli.    Choruses       -       - ^„",     M- Costa. 

Elijah.    An  Oratorio F-  B.  Mendelssohn. 

Elijah.    Libretto F.  B.  Memlelssohn. 

Esther.    Sacred  Cantata;  also  Libretto  alone W.B.Bradbury. 

Etoile  du  Nord.    Opera  Libretto G.  Meyerbeer. 

ExceMor  Glee  and  Chorus  Book L-O.  Emerson. 

Easter  Carols ^  ^Av^' PP^'^J"^' 

Ehjah.    Choruses  alone F.  B.  Mendelssohn. 

Elements  of  Musical  Composition "^„"  ^,.  ™®*"' 

Excelsior  Collection  for  Flute -S;^*V^"®^ 

EUsire  d'Amore.    Libretto  of  Opera G.  Donizetti. 

Emani.    Complete  Opera  for  Piano  Solo --    G.  Verdi. 

Foster's  Social  Orchestra     --- Stephen  C.  Foster. 

Fi-esh  Laurels.    Sabbath  School    - W.  B.  Bradbury. 

First  Year  on  Organ J.  Zundel. 

Fairy  Fingers ;  a  Collection  of  Piano  Music Selections. 

First  Music  Reader L.  W.  Mason. 

Fireside  Echoes.    Vocal  Music Selections. 

Fountain  of  Sacred  Song.    Church  Music Leonard  Marshall. 

Fauy  Grotto.    Cantata G.  W.  Stratton. 

"     Echoes.    School  Songs "William  Dressier. 

"     Voices.    School  Songs William  Dressier. 

Flute  Bouquet.    Flute  Solos Se]>.  \Vinner. 

Fairy  Bridal.    A  Cantata JH.  Hewitt. 

Festival  Cantata Eugene  Thayer. 

Festival  of  the  Rose.    A  Cantata J-C.  Johnson. 

Forty-Sixth  Psalm.    A  Cantata Dudley  Buck. 

Forty-Sixth  Psalm.    Orchestral  Parts Dudley  Buck. 

Forest  Chou-.    School  Song  Book George  F.  Root. 

FenoUosa's  Piano-Forte  Method M.  Fenollosa. 

Feder's  Guitar  Method OttoFeder. 

Fountain  of  Gems  for  Piano-forte Enist  Leslie. 

Faust    An  Opera Charles  Goiniod. 

Faust.    Libretto -       Charles  Gounod. 

Fifty  Pieces  for  the  Organ E.  Batiste. 

Family  Circle  Glee  Book.    Two  Volumes Elias  Howe. 

Festival  Glee  Book G.  F.  Root  and  W.  B.  Br.idbury. 

Friedham's  Instructor  for  Double  Bass John  Fnedhara. 

Festival  Chimes.    Glee  Book S.  W.  Martin. 

First  Steps  in  Thorough  Bass. "  By  a  Teacher  of  Music.'' 

Flute  Made  Easy „  Selected. 

Flute  and  Piano  Duets --         ».  Winner. 

Forty-Five  Opera  Choruses  --- Edwin  Brace. 

Flower  Festival ;  or,  "  Banks  of  Rhine."    A  Cantata J.C.Johnson. 

Franklin  Harmonv.    1825 John  Rothloust. 

FraDiavolo     Libretto  of  an  Opera D.  F.  E.  Auber. 

Fruits  and  Flowers.    Church  Music.    Patent  notes William  Walker. 

Funk's  Genuine  Church  Music Joseph  Funk. 

Family  Mmstrel.    1830 Charles  Dingley. 

Federal  Hannony.    1788 -  John  Korman. 

"       Harmony.    1793      - Simeon  Jocel>Ti. 

"       Hannony.    1788-       -       -       -       - Timothy  Swan. 

Flagg's  Collection  (engraved).    1764 Josiah  Flagg. 

Flora's  Festival.    1847.     A  Cantata -       -      William  B.  Bradbury. 

Flower  Queen.    A  Cantata  --       - George  F.  Root. 

Forest  Melody.    A  Cantata J^'J^-  Ciutis. 

Fidelio.    Libretto  of  an  Opera L-V.  Beethoven. 

Fleur  de  Th6.    Libretto  of  an  Opera F-  R.  Herve. 

Fille  de  Madame  Angot.    Libretto  of  an  Opera Charies  Lecocq. 

Favorita.    Libretto  of  an  Opera    -- G.  Donizetti. 

Fille  du  Regiment.    Libretto  of  an  Opera       --- G.  Donizetti. 

Flauto  Magico.    Libretto  of  an  Opera -       -       -  J.  C.  W.  A.  Mozart. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  195 

Fireside  Melodies.    Glee  Book  -------_--._       ^gj^  pj^.^ 

Father  Kemp's  Old  Folks  Concert  Tunes  --------_     H.P.Kemp*. 

Fanner's  Mass  in  B  [7   - Henry  Fanner! 

Fen-ari's  Instructor  in  Singing       ----------       _.q^  Ferrari 

French  Horn  Instructor -----        Author  unknown! 

Faust.    Complete  Opera  as  Piano  Solo         ---------        c.  Gounod. 

Gems  of  Gennan  Song    -----------__.    Selected. 

Gems  of  Strauss.    Dance  Music.    Piano-forte        ---_-.  From  Strauss'  Works! 
German  Four-Part  Songs.    Mixed  Voices    ---------      N.  H.  AUen! 

Gounod's  Clioral  Music        ----------.-_(_;_  Gounod! 

Golden  Chain.    Sabbath  Schools   -----------w'.  B.  Bradbury. 

*'       Shower.    Sabbath  Schools     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -W,  B.  Bnidbury' 

"       Censer.     Sabbath  Schools  -       ---------       W.B.Bradbury! 

"       Promise.    Sabbath  Schools    ----------      T.  E.  Perkins. 

Gems  of  Sacred  Song      ----------_-__    Selected! 

"         Scottish  Song  - Selected. 

"         English  Song -.     Selected. 

Golden  Trio.    Sabbath  Schools  ---------..  ■\;V'.  B.  Bradbury. 

Gi-andpa's  Birthday.    A  Cantata  -----------c.  A.  White. 

Goldbeck's  Technics  for  Piano   ----------       -Robert  Golilbeck! 

Getze's  School  for  Cabinet  Organ  -----------       j.  a.  Getze. 

Golden  Treasury.    Piano  Music-       -------.--.        Selected! 

Gaertner's  Violin  School         ------------  Qa,r\  Gaertner. 

Gaortner's  Art  of  Singing Carl  Gaertner. 

Golden  Leaves.    Vocal  Music -.---.W.  S.  Hays. 

Golden  Chimes.    Piano-forte  Music  -----------     (j.  Kinkel. 

Genevieve.    An  Operetta -----       -G.  W.  Stratton. 

Guiding  Star.    Hymn  and  Tune  Book Rev.  D.  C.  John. 

Golden  Leaves  and  Blossoms.    Piano  Music       --------- c.  Kinkel. 

"       Rule.    Sunday  Schools - S.  W.  Straub. 

"       Curcle.    Piano  Music Selected. 

"       Sunbeams.    Sabbath  Schools       -----       D.  F.  Hodges  and  J.  H.  Tenney. 

Gospel  Songs.    Hymns  and  Tunes -----         p.  p.  bUss. 

Golden  Gate.    Sunday  Schools ---     Knowles  Sliaw. 

Gleanings  for  Vocal  Practice  -----------       Mrs.  J.  H.  Long. 

Gospel  Siflger.    Hymns  and  Tunes    ----------     Philip  Philhps. 

Golden  Crown.    Sabbath  School  Music        ---------    H.  T.  Merrill. 

Golden  Harp.    Sabbath  School  Music       ---------     L.  O.  Emerson. 

Guide  to  Musical  Composition       ----------        -h.  Wohlfahrt. 

Grobe's  New  Practical  Method  for  Piano-forte        --------       c.  Grobe. 

Gordon's  Sliort  Voluntaries    -       --       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -S.  T.  Gordon. 

Guitar  at  Home ----------        k.  Flint. 

Great  Rebellion.    A  Cantata ------       jos.  P.  Webster. 

Gentlemen's  Glee  Book -----     Lowell  Mason. 

Greeting.    Glee  Book -------L.  O.  Emerson. 

Generah's  Vespers       -----------    arranged  by  W.  Dressier. 

GeneraU's  Mass  inG-       --       -       --       -       -       -       -        arranged  by  W.  Dressier. 

Guignard's  Mass   ---- -----    Aug.  Guignard. 

Garcia's  New  Treatise  on  the  Art  of  Singing      -------       -  Manuel  Garcia. 

Gems  of  Four-Part  Songs    -----------      Adolphus  Jackson. 

Graumiar  School  Chorus  Book       -       --       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -J.  B.  Sharland. 

Grammar  School  Vocalist    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       N.  P.  B.  Curtiss  and  F.  H.  Nash. 

Golden  Chord.    Piano-forte  Music        -----------    Selected. 

Guitar  without  a  Master      -----------       Author  unknown. 

Genevieve  de  Brabant.    Libretto  of  Opera  -       ------       -  Jaquese  OlTenbach. 

Grande  Duchesse.    Libretto  of  Opera       --------     Jaquese  Olfenbach. 

Gustavus  Third.    Libretto  of  Opera     ---------        D.  F.  E.  Auber. 

Giuramento.    Libretto  of  Opera        ----------     s.  Mercadante. 

Gazza  Ladra.    Libretto  of  Opera  -----------        G.  Rossini. 

Glee  Hive -.--L.  Mason  and  G.  J.  Webb. 

Gentle  Annie  Melodist.    Two  Numbers       ----------    Selected. 

Gardiner's  Music  of  Nature         ----------       William  Gardiner. 

Gentleman  and  Lady's  Musical  Companion.    1774      -------  John  Stickney. 

German  Glee  Book.    1848.    With  Accompaniments       -------     H.  Meiggs. 

German  Glee  Book  --------------      N.  H.  Allen. 

Germania  Collection.    Instrumental         ---------BA.  Burditt. 

Gleanings  from  the  History  of  JMusic.    1849       --------      Joseph  Bird. 

Gloria  in  Excelsis.    1855.    Church  Music  ---------        W.  Williams, 

Golden  Lyre.    1850.    Church  Music^     --------     Virgil  Con-don  Taylor. 

Gospel  Harmonist.    1841      -----------  Thomas  Whittemore. 

Grace  Church  Collection  of  Church  Music.     1836       -       -       -       -       -       -      Wilham  A.  Khig. 

Greatorex  CoUectioii  of  Church  IMusic.    1851  -------         H.  W.  Greatorex. 

Grounds  and  RiUes  of  Jlusic.    1746      -------«-       Thomas  Walter. 

Godfrey  Weber's  General  Music  Teacher  -       -.-       -       --       -       -       -       J.  F.  Warner. 

Graupner's  Rudiments  for.  the  Piano    -       -.-,-.-       ^       -       -       -       -G.  Graupner* 


196 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


German  Concertina  Instructor Williams  and  Coule 

German  Conceitina  Instructor       -- --        A.  13.  bedqwicK. 

Guitar  Piimer S.  Winner. 

Gounod's  Messe  Solennelle -,,      L.Gounod. 

Giro  116  Girotla.    Libretto  of  an  Opera Charles  Lecocq. 

Golden  llobin.    School  Song  Book       -       - W.O.  Perkins. 

Golden  Wreath.    School  Song  Book ,  "^  -cT       "       "  ^  t" -n   iP' ,         !^?^^i* 

Glad  Tidings.    Sabbath  School  Music  -       -       -       -        L.  O.  Emerson  and  L.  B.  Starkweather. 

Hallowell  Collection  of  Sacred  Music.    1817     -       -    „-       -    ^-       "    ,  ."       "  ,  ,>;  v "  ^?*?n^^®* 

Hallowed  Souths       - S.  Main,  T.  E.  Perkins,  and  Philip  Phillips. 

Hallelujah.    cWch  Music         -       - Lowell  Mason. 

Handel  and  Haydn  Collection  of  Church  Music.    1822 f^-^T^"  Mason. 

Handel  Collection.    Church  Music -       -     A.  :n.  Johnson. 

Harmonia  Americana.    1701  - Samuel  Holyoke. 

"        Ecclesia.    Patent  notes ^-    Jesse  15.  Aiken. 

"         Ccelestis.    1709.    Figured  bass Jonathan  Benjanun. 

Sacra.    Patent  notes -^    -^.-       ^^^^^P^^'™^' 

Sacra.    Anthem  Book E.  L.  White  and  J.  L.  Gould. 

Harmonic  Minstrelsy.    1807 Walter  Janes. 

Harmonicon.    Sacred  Music.    1849 t  "x^   '         J- l^awson. 

Harmonist.    Methodist.    Patent  notes L-  Mason  and  G.  Lane. 

Harmonist's  Companion.    1807.    Patent  notes -    Andrew  Law. 

Hannonist's  Companion.    1797  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       "       "       -  Daniel  Belknap. 

Harmony  of  Maine.    1794 Samuel  and  Supply  Belcher. 

Harmony  of  Zion.    1818 -       -     Stephen  Jenks. 

Harp  of  Columbia.    1848.    Patent  notes W.  K.  and  M.L.  Swan. 

"       David.    Church  Music George  Kingsley.. 

«       Judah.    Church  Music '-.hS^i^^^^^F^^' 

«       the  South.    Patent  notes „%„  T  .    '  ^^  •*<•;), ^2,      ^'* 

"       the  West J-F.  Webster  and  A.  T.  Sharpe. 

"       Praise.    Church  Music ^-,.  ",     Leonard  MarshaU. 

Harpsichord.    Church  Music L.  MarshaU  and  H.  N.  Stone. 

Hartford  Collection.    Church  Music .;;   t."-o  ,"       'it    w"*^     /J"^* 

Haydn  Collection.    Church  Music B.  F.  Baker  and  L.  H.  Southard. 

Haymakers.    A  Cantata -    George  F.  Loot. 

Herald  of  Sacred  Song.    1857 Henry^tone,  jun. 

Hesperian  Harp.    Patent  notes -  Wilhani  Houser. 

Hints  concerning  Church  Music     - James  M.  Hewens. 

History  of  Forty  Choirs Thomas  Hastings. 

Hosanna.    Church  Music Leonard  Marshall. 

Hubbard's  Anthems.    1814 John  Hubbaid. 

Hmnorous  Songs 7       "o  +;      u      i2"' 

Hvmnist.    Sacred  Music.    Patent  notes Amos  Sutton  Harden. 

Hymns  for  Schools,  and  Tunes  for  aU  Metres J^/  D.  CJeveJana. 

Hymn  of  the  Seasons.    1839 5'''^'^«?f  ^^.v* 

Hymns  and  Songs  of  Praise R-  !>•  Hitchcock. 

Hymns  and  Tunes.    1782 Andiow  Law. 

Howe's  Leviathan  Collection  for  Violin :^'?^^  ft^^^^'^- 
Howe's  Circle  of  Brilliants  for  Piano-forte      -^w  II    ^^' 

Hai-vard  Collection  of  Sacred  Music ,^*'-^;  "eara. 

Hastings' Church  Music Thomas  Hastings. 

Havter's  Church  Music -r'u -^ir  «     i^'- 

Hopkins' Sacred  Songs John  H  Hopkins. 

Howe's  Drawing-room  Dances       .-.--------  ^^^^^^^^Y^' 

Home  Recreations  for  Cabinet  Organ       ...------       vv.  ±i.  ciarKe. 

Hayden's  Guitar  Method  Improved W.  L.  ilaycien. 

Henning's  Practical  Violin  School ^^"tt^"'«"i^" 

HUl's  Practical  Viohn  School *^'  ^-.f^"^' 

Hamilton's  Modern  Instructions.    Piano-forte d.  11  aniilton. 

Herz's  Complete  Method  for  the  Piano-forte ■fj^^'^  ^^^i' 

Hummel's  Complete  Method  for  the  Piano-forte J.  JS.  Hummel. 

Hunten'9  Method  for  the  PianO-forte J^.Uunten. 

HistoiT  of  Music  in  New  England.    1846 ^  ^^^^i'P   -i?^  * 

Hamilton's  Dictionary  of  Musical  Terms •^•^  llamilton. 

Hastings' Musical  Taste t  "*    ti       -iV^^' 

Hamilton's  Harmony  and  Thorough  Bass J,  A.  Hamilton. 

Hamilton's  Key  to  Harmony  and  Thorough  Bass    -       -       -       -       -       -       -J.  A.  Hamilton. 

Home  Circle.    Piano-forte  IMusic.    Three  Volumes SelecteO. 

"      Companion.    Piano-forte  and  Vocal  Music o  i  ^'t  h 

"      Treasure.    Four-Hand  Music -._-.       -     belectea. 

Hamilton's  Organ  Instructor J.  A.  Hamilton. 

Hamilton's  Preceptor  for  Violoncello  --       -       - •'^;'^  o?'    ,  ^5* 

Happy  Hour.    Juvenile  Classes         - J- B.  Sharland. 

Hour  of  Singing.     High  Schools  -       - L.  O.  Emerson  and  W.  S.  Tilden. 

' How shalll teach?    Educational     .       -       -       -      -       -       -       -       -      -     LoweU Mason. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  197 

Hour  of  Singing  for  Higli  Schools L.  O.  Emerson  and  W.  8.  Tilden. 

Happy  Hours.    Sunday  Schools Howard  Kingsbury  and  A.  A.  Graley. 

Happy  Voices.    Sunday  Schools    -------____.    -\v.  \v.  It, 

Harp  of  Zion.    Church  Music    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -A.  D.  and  J.  H.  Fillmore* 

Hymnals.    Church  Music       ---.--____.  Philip  Phillips. 

Holbrook's  Quartets.    Sacred     ----------__        Selected. 

Hearth  and  Home.    "Vocal  Music  ---------.__      Selected! 

History  of  the  Peace  Jubilee      -----__.       ...pg^  Gilmore. 

Household  Book  of  Songs -    Prancia  C.  Bowman  and  Charles  A.  Dana! 

Hour  of  Praise.    Church  Music         ------____    George  F.  Root. 

Hymnary.    Sunday  Schools    ---------____     8.  Lasar! 

Hour  ill  Fairy  Land.    A  Cantata        ---___>___  ji;^  Sciioeller. 

Headlight.    School  Songs H.  S.  PerkLas  and  C.  A.  White. 

Hymns  and  Harmonies  for  Catholic  Sunday  Schools      -       -       -       -       -       -      J.  F.  LoughUn. 

Hermon.    Church  Music -       -R.  M.  Mcintosh  and  T.  O.  Summera. 

Harp  of  David.    Church  Music  --------___  George  Kingsley. 

Hiawatha.    An  Opera Robert  .stoepel. 

High  School  Vocalist ->..  a.  J.  Cleaveland. 

Hunter's  Daughter.    An  Opera     -----------    j.  w.  Turner. 

Howe's  Songs  of  Scotland  -------------   Elias  Howe. 

Howe's  Songs  of  Ireland        ---_-_._____        Elias  Howe. 

Holland's  School  for  Guitar        --------___     Justin  Holland. 

Hymnal.    Episcopal  Church J.  Ireland  Tucker. 

Harp  of  Praise.    Church  Music  ---------        Leonanl  Marshall. 

History  of  Music.    Two  Volumes  -----------      pr.  L.  Ritter. 

High  School  Chorahst  --------------     Selections. 

Hohmann's  Practical  Course  of  Singing       ---------     c.  Hohmann. 

Home  Melodist.    Collection  of  words  and  melodies       -------        Selected. 

Harmony  of  the  Spheres.    A  Cantata  ---------    Andreas  Romberg. 

Hymn  of  Praise.    A  Cantata      -----------   f.  IMendelssohn. 

Haydn's  First,  Second,  Third,  Fourth,  Sixth,  Seventh,  Eighth,  Sixteenth,  Masses     -     J.  Haydn. 

Hear  my  Prayer       ----- F.  Mendelssohn. 

Huguenots.    Libretto  of  an  Opera    ----------       g.  Meyerbeer. 

Instructions  in  playing  Church  Music    ---------        A.  N.  Johnson. 

Instrumental  Assistant.    1806       ----------         Samuel  Holyoke. 

Instrumental  Preceptor.     1807         -----------         j.  Herick. 

Introduction  to  Sacred  Music.    1838.    Patent  notes         ------      A.  S.  Hrjden. 

Introductoi-y  Lessons,  Church  Music.    1785  --------      Uranian  Society. 

Irish  Melodies        -------     Thomas  Moore.    Arranged  by  John  Stevenson. 

Instructions  in  Thorough  Bass       --____-__-         A.  N.  Johnson, 

Indian  or  Mohawk  Version.    1839      ---------     For  the  Six  Nations. 

Israel  in  Egypt.    An  Oratorio        -----------     G.  F.  Handel. 

Ivanhoe  Masonic  Quartets  -----------       Thomas  C.  Pollock. 

Instrumental  Musician     ----------.---J.  H.  Seipp. 

Institute  Melodies        -------_--___  N.  B.  Clapp. 

Institute  Chorus  Book      -------------     F.  H.  Brown. 

Indian  Summer.    A  Cantata      -----------J.  C.  Johnson. 

Introit.    Church  Music    -------------     John  Zundel. 

Intermediate  School  Music  Reader    ----------        L.  W.  Mason. 

Imperial.    Conventions,  Choirs,  &c.      ----------J.  R.  Murray. 

Influence  of  Music  on  Health    -----------Dr.  H.  Chomet. 

lone.    Libretto  of  Opera  ------------  Ricci  Brothers. 

Israel  in  Egypt.    Choruses  from  the  Oratorio  --------        G.  F.  Handel. 

Jubilant  Voices     -----------  B.F.  Baker  and  D.  F.  Hodges. 

Jubilate.    Church  Music         -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -L.  O.  Emerson. 

Jubilee.    Church  Music       -----------  William  B.  Bradbury. 

Jubilee.    Glees  and  Choruses  of  Peace  Jubilee    --------         Selections. 

Juvenile  Harmony.     1825.    Patent  notes  --------      William  C.  Knight. 

Juvenile  Minstrel.    1847.    Patent  notes       --------         Jesse  B.  Aiken. 

Juvenile  Oratorios.    1849     ------------J.  C.  Johnson. 

Judas  Maccabgeus.    An  Oratorio.    Also  libretto  alone      -       -       -       -       -       -     G.  F.  Handel. 

JuUien's  Music  for  the  Million    ------------    M.  Jullien. 

Jarvis's  New  Improved  Slethod.    Piano-forte     --------  Charles  Jarvis. 

Jousse's  Instruction  for  Piano-forte         ----------        J.  Jousse. 

Judas  Maccabaeus  Choruses  -----------     G.  F.  Handel. 

Juive.    Libretto  of  an  Opera       ------------     F.  Halevy. 

Jewett's  National  Violin  Teacher-       ----------J.  P.  Jewett. 

Jewett's  National  Flute  Teacher       ----------         J,  P.  Jewett. 

Jewett's  Flutina  and  Accordeon  Teacher     ---------      J.  P.  Jewett. 

Johnson's  New  Harmony,  Thorough  Bass,  Melodeon,  &c.     -       -       -       -       -     A.  N.  Johnson. 

Jepson's  Music  Reader   --------------  B.  .lepson. 

Joy.    For  Conventions,  Choirs,  &c.  -----------P.  P.  Bhss. 

Joyful  Songs.    Sabbath  Schools    ----------     James  R.  Murray. 

Johnson's  Harmony  Instructor  -----------A.  N.  Johnson. 


S9^  A  DICTIONAEY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Juniata  Ballads -       -       -       .       -       Marion  Dix  Sullivan. 

Jewel.     Glee  Book       ------- E.  Let^lie. 

Jarviri's  Chants  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  -------J.  C.  Jai-vis. 

Knoxville  Harmony.    1838 John  B.Jackson. 

Kalkbrenner's  Piano  Method Fred.  Kalkbrenuer. 

Kiiorr's  Guide  for  Young  Pianist *^"^iV^T^>^i?''^- 

Kelley's  Companion  for  Guitar -       '  ^    Z^}:  i^e^ley. 

Kreutzer's  Fortv  Studies  for  Violin Bud.  Kreutzer. 

Rummer's  Practical  Instructions  for  Flute  ---------       C.  Kummer. 

Kummer's  Amateur  Instructions  for  Flute     -------  -       -   C.  Kummer. 

Key  Note.    Church  Music William  BBradhnry. 

King's  New  Collection.    Chm-ch  Music W  A.  lung. 

Knitze's  Mass  Pastoral Arranged  by  Peters. 

Kendall's  Clarionet  Instructor Ned.  Kendall. 

Keystone  Collection.    Church  Music A.N.Johnson. 

Kingsley's  Social  Choir.    Three  Volumes George  Kingsley. 

Kimball's  Organ  Voluntaries ,,  -  H- 1^*  i^'i^^fi" 

Kimball's  New  Method.    Heed  Organ Horace  E.  Kimball. 

Kinkel's  Forty-three  Scales.  Exercises,  and  Solfeggios  for  Voice     -       -       -        Charles  Kinkel. 

Kinkel'a  New  Method.    Be ed  Organ Charles  Kinkel. 

Knon's  Materials  for  Piano Julius  Knorr. 

Knorr's  Methodical  Guide  for  Teachers    ---------        Juhus  Knorr. 

Ladies' Glee  Book.    Translated  from  the  French     ------    Henry  C.  Watson. 

Laua  Deo;  or,  Worcester  Collection.    1786 Isaiah  1  horn  as. 

Laus  Deo.    The  Harmony  of  Zion.    1818 Stephen  Jenks. 

Lexington  Cabinet.     183-1    ---- Bobert  Willis. 

Liberty  Minstrel.    1844 George  \y   Clark. 

Life  of  Schumann.    Translated  by  Miss  A.  L.  Alger Wasialewski. 

Life  of  Haydn  --------       L.  A.  C.  Bombat  and  William  Gardiner. 

Litchtield  Collection.    1806 ^     Daniel  Head. 

Lute  of  Zion.    Church  Music.    1855 I-B.  W  oodbury. 

Lvra  Sacra.    Church  Music.    1832 -       -       -      Lowell  Mason. 

Linda  di  Chamounix.    Libretto  of  an  Opera G-  Donizetti. 

Lohengrin.    Libretto  of  an  Opera K.\Vagner. 

Lucia  di  Lammermoor.    Libretto  of  an  Opera  --------      G.  Donizetti. 

Lucrezia  Borgia.    Libretto  of  an  Opera  ---------         G.  Donizetti. 

Luisa  Miller.    Libretto  of  an  Opera ^   ,%  ^    ,     .  ' 

Leonora.    Libretto  of  an  Opera G.  Mercadante. 

Laurel  Wreath  for  High  Schools  -.-- W.  O.  Perkins. 

Lombardi.    Libretto  of  an  Opera      -       -       "       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       '„    ^J"  ^^"^ 

LilvBell.    A  Cantata ^^V^-,\?'ir°"^* 

Lui-Une.    An  Opera     --^-.- W.  V.  Wallace. 

Love's  Triumph.    An  Opera ^^,0'},      ,^®* 

Lauda  Sion.    Solo  and  Chorus  --..- F.  Mendelssohii. 

Lucia  di  Lammermoor.    Complete  Opera.    Piano  Solo    ------      G.  Donizetti. 

Lucrezia  Borgia,    Complete  Opera.    Piano  Solo    -------         G.  Donizetti. 

Leader.    Church  Music  -       --..--.-       -  H.  E.  Palmer  and  L.  O.  Emerson. 

Lebert  and  Stark's  Piano  School.    Part  I. S.  Lebert  and  L.  Stark. 

Life  of  Von  Weber.    Two  Volumes     ------       Baron  Max  Maria  von  Weber. 

Legend  of  Don  Munio.    A  Cantata  --- D.  I>uck. 

Legend  of  Don  Munio.    Choruses        -----------    D.  Buck. 

Loreley.     Untinished  Opera F.  Mendelssohn. 

Liber  Musica.    Anthems,  &c. I-  B.  Woodbury. 

Loud's  Organ  School    ----- H.  Loud. 

Lobe's  Catechism  of  Music    ------------         J.  C.  Lobe. 

Laila.    Juvenile  Opera       ---- G.  W.  Stratton. 

Lejeal's  Mass  in  D   ---- .---      A.F.LejeaL 

Ludden's  School  for  Voice t^   i\        n* 

Luminary.     Church  Anthems        -       -       -       --       -       -       -       -       -       -J.  P.  I'owell. 

Life  of  Schubert C.  F,  Austin. 

Life  of  Beethoven.    Edited  by  Ign.  Moscheles F.  Schmdler. 

Lablache's  Method  for  Bass  Voice Louis  Lablache. 

Little  Songs  for  Little  Singers Lowell  Mason. 

Little  Sunbeam.    Sabbath  School  Music W.  H.  Doane. 

Leslie's  Duets  for  Violin  or  Flute  and  Piano       ---------E.  Leshe. 

Lablache's  New  Method  of  Singing Louis  Lablache. 

LambOlotte's  Mass      D L.  Lambillotte. 

Lyra  CathoUca      --- L.  H.  Southard  and  J.  H.  Willcox. 

Lacia  di  Lammermoor.    An  Opera       ----------      G.  Donizetti. 

Lucrezia  Borgia.    An  Opera      -----------         G.  Domzetri. 

Laus  Domino.    Church  Music.  Anthems,  &c. George  Leach. 

Life  of  Mendelssohn.    Translated  by  W.  L.  Gage W.  A.  Lampadius. 

Life  of  Handel Victor  Schoelcher. 

Life  of  Rossini .--------     H.  S.  Edwards. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  19» 

Listeman's  Method  for  Violin        -------._.       .jj,  Listeman. 

Lenhart's  Elements  of  Music     -----------A.  E.  Lenhart 

Life  and  Lettsi-s  of  Gottschalk      -------_._        Octavia  llensel. 

Life  of  Chopin Franz  Liszt. 

Latour's  Improved  Method  for  Piano-forte        ------__.  t.  Latour. 

Logier's  First  Companion  and  Sequel  for  Piano-forte    -----_         J.  B.  Logier. 

Mann's  Piano  Method      ---------->._      Jean  Mann, 

May's  Practical  Piano-forte  School    --------_._  a.  May. 

Meuieke's  Practical  Piano-forte  Instructor  -_--____       q  Meineke. 

Muller's  Method  for  Piano-forte        -----_____         A.  E.  ftluller. 

Marx's  Musical  Instruction    ----------_.       a.  B.  Marx. 

Materia  Musica --.-_._.        j  q^  Engelbrecht. 

Music  explained  to  the  World        -----.--__.         J'.  J.  Fetis. 

Marx's  Musical  Composition      ---------___   a.  B.  Jlarx. 

Mason's  Musical  Letters         -------_-_._    Lowell  Mason. 

Mendelssohn's  Letters.    Two  Volumes     -------         Felix  B.  Mendelssohn. 

Mozart.    A  Musical  Novel      ------------       _h.  llau. 

Mozart's  Letters --------       W.  A.  Mozart. 

Mendelssohn's  Songs  without  Words  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -F.  B.  Mendelssohn. 

Mozart's  Sonatas  ----------___       \v,  A.  Mozart. 

Modern  School  for  the  Organ        ---------__     John  Znndel. 

Melodeon  without  a  Master        --.------_>  e.  L.  White. 

May's  New  Violin  Method      -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -D.  M.  H.  May. 

Mazas's  Violin  Instructor  ----------       -.p.  Mazas. 

Musician's  Companion  for  Flute  or  Violin  -------       --E.  Howe,  jun. 

Musician's  Omnibus.    Instrumental         --------_.       e.  Howe. 

Modern  School  for  the  Drum        -       .       -       -  O.  W.  Keach,  E.  Howe,  and  B.  A.  Burditt. 

Moralt's  Zither  School         -------- ^,Y  Jloralt. 

Meigneu's  Vocal  Method       -----------    Leopold  Meignen. 

Millard's  Vocal  Text-Book H.Millard. 

Music  Reader --        L.  Meignen  and  W.  W.  Keys. 

Mason's  Large  Musical  Charts    -----------       L.  W.  Mason. 

Musical  Casket  for  Schools    -----------J,  C.  Woodman. 

Musical  Spelling  Book         -------_--_-         e.  Ives,  jun. 

Model  Melodeon  Instructor  ------------         Selections. 

Musical  Wreath   --------------- E.  Ives,  jun. 

Martha.    An  Opera         -------------  F.  von  Flotow. 

Madison  Square  Collection  -------------     s.  W.  Coe. 

Mendelssohn's  Four-Part  Songs    ----------        J.  C.  D.  Parker. 

Mhinehaha  Glee  Book-       -------------c  M,  Cady. 

Musical  Lyra.    Glee  Book      --------..--      F.  H.  Pease. 

Masonic  Choir       -------------       Jolm  W.  Dadmun. 

"        Harp  and  Monitor    -----------     George  W.  Chase. 

"        Orpheus  -------------       -Howard  BI.  Dow. 

Music  of  the  Chapter      ------------        John  B.  Marsh. 

MUlard's  Sacred  Quartets   -------------    H.  Millard. 

Mosenthal's  Anthems      ------------        Jos.  Blosenthal. 

Moses  in  Egypt.    An  Oratorio   -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -.-       -       -       -G.  Rossini. 

Mount  Sinai.    An  Oratorio     ------------    S.  Neukomm. 

May  Queen.    A  Cantata      ------------      W.  S.  Bennett. 

May  Queen.    Choruses  alone         -----------  w.  S.  Bennett. 

Mass  for  Three  A'^oices         -------------   Louis  Selle. 

"     in  C-minor       --------------    Charles  Wels. 

"inC----------------  Alois  Fusch. 

Memorare.    Catholic  Church  Music     ---------  Anton  Werner. 

Mercadante's  Mass,    Three  Voices   ----------      S.  Mercadante. 

Missa  pro  Pace         -------------       Theo.  La  Hache. 

Missa  in  D-major  -------------   Henrj-  Schwing. 

Mason's  Book  of  Chants         ------------       -*L.  Mason. 

Melodeon  Instructor    -------------LB.  Woodbury. 

Manual  of  Harmony       ------------        J.  C.  D.  Parker. 

Mason's  Sacred  Harp.    1834.    Patent  notes     --------         T.  B.  Mason. 

Manhattan  Collection.    1837  -----------     Thomas  Hastings. 

Massachusetts  Sacred  Hannony.    1807     .---------   Elias  Blann. 

•'  Compiler.    1704 O.  Holden,  H.  Gram,  and  S.  Holyoke. 

"  Harmony.    1778.    With  Fugue  Music     ------       Walter  Janes. 

"  Collection.     1840    ---------       George  James  Webb. 

MeiTv  Chimes       --------------      L.  O.  Emerson. 

Sleriiliau  Harmony.    1808       -----------      Zedekiah  Sanger. 

Merrimack  Collection.    Instrumental      ---------   Henry  E.  Moore. 

Messiah.    An  Oratorio.    Arranged  by  John  Bishop  -       -       -       -       -       -       -G.  F.  HandeL 

Mechanical  Exercises  for  Piano-foite       ---------     R.  K.  Shemian. 

Middlesex  Collection  of  Sacred  Harmony.    1802  -------      Daniel  Belknap. 

Middlesex  Hannony.    1795        -----------  Samuel  Babcock, 

Method  for  Voices    ----------      Carlo  Bassini  and  R.  S.  Willis. 


200  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 

Methodist  Harmonist.    1821        ------------       N.  Bangs. 

Methodist  Hymn  and  Tune  Book         ----------  Sylvester  Mam. 

Melodia  Sacra       ----------        B.  F.  Baker  and  A.  N.  Johnson, 

Melodies  of  the  Church.    1832       -       -.--       --       -       -       --D.  E.  Jones. 

Melodies  of  the  Church.    Eight  Hundred  Hymns  -------        Abner  Jones. 

Melodia  Sacra.    Church  Music      -----------       Oliver  Shaw. 

Melodist.    A  Collection Miss  Jane  Slowman. 

Mendelssohn  Collection.  Church  Music  -  -  William  B.  Bradbury  and  Thomas  Hastings. 
Millard's  S.  S.  Chaplet         -------       George  Cooper  and  Harrison  Millard. 

Million's  Glee  Book.    1855      --- --        I.  B.  Woodbuiy. 

Minstrel.    1849.    Much  original         ----------         V.  C.  Taylor. 

•'  A  Collection  of  Songs.    1812      ---------  John  Cole. 

"  of  Zion      --------  William  Hunter  and  Samuel  Wakefield. 

Missouri  Harmony -----       Allen  D.  Garden. 

Modem  Harp.    Church  Music    --------     E.  L.  White  and  J.  E.  Gould. 

"       Harmony.    Letters  for  notes.    1808         --------  George  Hough. 

•«      Instructions  for  Piano-forte  ---- Thomas  Baker. 

•'       Psalmist.    Partly  Original        ----------  Lowell  Mason. 

"       School  for  the  Violin      -       -       -       -       --       -       -       -       -       -L.  G.  Fessenden. 

Moore's  Irish  Melodies Thomas  Moore. 

Moore's  Complete  Encyclopaedia-       ----------   John  W.  Moore. 

Morninsc  and  Evening  Service       -----------        C.  S.  Elliott. 

Mountain  Minstrel       ------ T.  D.  Bonner. 

Mozart  Collection.    Sacred  Music         -----------       E.  Ives. 

Mozart's  Twelfth  Mass.    With  Latin  and  English  Text       -       -       -       -      J.  C.  W.  A.  Mozart. 

Musician's  Lexicon.    1850       -----------       John  W.  Moore. 

Music  in  Miniature.    1779    ------------  WiUiam  Billings. 

"      of  the  Church        -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -J.  M.  Wain  w  right. 

"      Teacher's  Assistant  -------------     T.  Cresset. 

"      as  it  was  and  is------------         N.  E.  Cornwall. 

Musical  Composers  and  their  Works  ---------         Sarah  Tytler. 

Musical  Olio.    1805.    Partly  original T.  Olmstead. 

Musica  Sacra         ----------   S.  Warriner  and  Thomas  Hastings. 

Musical  Cyclopfetlia  -       ------------    William  S.  Porter. 

*'       Grammar.    1833      -----------       John  Wall  Calcott, 

"       Magazine.    Church  Music.    1805- Andrew  Law. 

"       Primer.    Church  Music.    1803      ---------        Andrew  Law. 

"       Library        ----------      Lowell  Mason  and  G.  J.  Webb. 

"       Monitor.    1827        -------     Wilham  J.  Edson  and  Ephraim  Keed. 

'•       Monitor.    Church  Music -----      George  IT.  Curtis. 

*'       Instructor.    1808    -------    Nathan  Chapin  and  Joseph  Dickerson. 

"       Instructor.    1810.    Patent  notes John  Dickinson,  jun. 

"       Bouquet   -----.-------         William  B.  Bradbury. 

"       Scale     --------------     Horace  P.  Biddle. 

"       Vade  Mecum   ------------       Herman  S.  Saroni. 

"       Dictionary.    1795       --------      Hans  Gram  and  Oliver  Holden. 

Mack's  New  Meloileon  Method  ------------       E.  Mack. 

Mason's  Vocal  Exercises  and  Solfeggios       ----------  L.  Mason. 

Musical  Album  for  High  Schools        ----- G.  F.  Root. 

'•       MiiTor  for  High  Schools   -----------      S.  B.  Phipps. 

"       Pvecreations  for  High  Schools -E.  Ives,  jun. 

May  Festival.    A  Juvenile  Cantata      ----------  Unknown. 

Mendelssohn's  Three  Motets.    Female  Voices F.  Mendelssohn. 

Musical  Treasure.    Vocal  and  Instrumental       ---------  Selections. 

3Iespiah.    Choruses  Alone.    Oratorio        ---------        G.  F.  Handel. 

Moses  in  Egvpt.    Choruses  Alone.    Oratorio         --- G.  Piossini. 

Messe  Solennelle G.  Rossini. 

Messe  Solennelle.    Choruses  alone       ----------         G.  Rossini. 

IMelodeon  Primer S.  Winner. 

Martha.    Complete  Opera  as  Piano  Solo F.  von  Flotow. 

Musical  Text  Book E.  B.  Oliver. 

Mason   and   Hoadley's   Easy   Svstem   for   Piano.     American   and   Foreign 

Fingering William  Mason  and  E.  S.  Iloadley. 

Musical  Treasure  of  Vocal  and  Instinimental  Music       -------     Selections. 

"       Gariand  for  Violin  and  Piano Sep.  Winner. 

"       Flowers  for  Flute  and  Piano Sep.  Wmner. 

Mouth  Harmonica  Instructor         -----------       M.  Wallach. 

Marchesi's  Exercises  for  Voice M.  G  Marchesi. 

Mazzoni's  SolfegM Edited  by  Emma  Seller. 

Musical  Enthusiast.    Operetta John  H.  Hewitt 

Melodeon.    Hvmns  and  Tunes      -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  J.  W.  Dadmun. 

Metropolitan  Glee  Book William  B.  Bradbury. 

Musical  Leaves.    Hymns  and  Tunes Philip  Phillips. 

Musical  Bouquet.    School  Singing  Book W.  B.  Bradbury. 

Miracle  of  the  Roses.    Operetta -L.  Bordese. 

Music  without  a  Master S.  K.  Whiting. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  201 


Mount  Zion  Collection  of  Church  Music  ---------      T.  E  Perkins. 

Magic  Circle.    Piano  Tieces  ---------___*_    Selected* 

Musical  Cascade.    Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music  --------       Selected! 

May  Chimes.    Catholic  Hymns  and  Tunes  ------«  Sisters  of  Noti-e  Dame  '' 

May  Blossoms.    Catholic  liymns  and  Tunes   ------        Publisher's  Selections. 

Mason's  First,  Second,  Third,  Fourth,  and  Intermediate  School  Music  Readers.      L.  W.  Mason.* 
Musical  Gem.    Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music       ----__-_     Selections. 

Mocking  Bird.    School  Music  Book      -----.---_  w.  o.  Perkins! 

Musical  Curriculum  for  Piano-forte  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       - '  G.  F.  Hoot! 

"        Pastime.    Flute  or  Violin  Solos      -------__         s.'  Winner! 

"        Pastime.    Flute  or  Violin  and  Piano  ------._    s!  Winner! 

Maud  Irving;  or,  Little  Orphan.    Operetta         -.-_--_-      W.  Dressier' 
Musical  Gift.     Piano  Music       ----------__'  Selected! 

Mother  Goose.    Set  to  Blusic         -----------     j,  yy^  Elliott! 

Merry  Voices.    School  Music     --------_.       .j;,  (jo^  Stewart! 

Morning  Star.    Church  Music D.  F.  Hodges  and  G.  W.  Foster! 

31  ason  and  Hamlin  Cabinet  Organ  Instructor  --------   Euo-ene  Thayer. 

Musical  Blossoms.    Piano  Music  ---------.-".  Selections! 

Musical  Gatherings     Piano  Music    -------_-._     Selections! 

Mannerchor.    For  Male  Voices      -------__--        G.  P\  Root! 

Mendelssohn's  Four-Part  Songs.    Male  Voices       ------     Charles  J  Sprafrue! 

Mendelssohn.    A  Memoir      ------------      Ferd.  HiTler. 

Musical  Hints Karl  Merz. 

Musical  Chimes  for  Female  Schools,  &c.      -----_-__      -w.  Dressier. 

Music  and  Morals         --------_-___.     Unknown! 

Mason  and  Hoadley's  Piano-forte  Method     -       -       -       -     William  Mason  and  E.  S.  Hoadley. 

Model  School  for  Piano  ---------.-_._  Unknown. 

Maritana.    Libretto  of  an  Opera       ----------     "w,  y.  Wallace! 

Masaniello.    Libretto  of  an  Opera       ----------      j),  f.  Auber. 

Martiri.    Libretto  of  an  Opera  -----------        g.  Donizetti! 

Man-iage  of  Figaro.    Libretto  of  an  Opera         --------  W.A.Mozart. 

Martha.    Libretto  of  an  Opera  -----------      f.  von  Flotow! 

Maria  di  Rohan.  Libretto  of  an  Opera  ---_---_.  q.  Donizetti. 
Masked  Ball.    Libretto  of  an  Opera  --_----___       G.  Verdi 

Moses  in  Egypt.    Libretto G.  Rossini. 

Magic  Flute.    Libretto  of  an  Opera  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -W.  A.  Mozart. 

Mignon.    Libretto  of  an  Opera     ------__-_.  Amb.  Thomas. 

Messiali.     Libretto  of  an  Oratorio     ------__-_       g.  p.  Handel. 

Miriam's  Song  of  Triumph.    Cantata  -------___       p.  Schubert- 
Morning.   Cantata       ---------_.__-  p.  Reis. 

Morning  Stars.    Sabbath  School  Music        ----_-__.      j.  y.  Blake. 

Mozart's  First,  Second,  Seventh,  Ninth,  and  Fifteenth  Masses    -       -       -       -      W.  A.  Mozart. 

Musical  Friend.    Vocal  and  Piano  Music  ---------    Selected. 

Musical  Fountain.    School  Songs      -------_--_   g.  F  Root. 

Mass  in  G H.  Millard, 

"     for  Four  Voices .-S.  Mercadante. 

"inC         --------------    L.  von  Beethoven. 

"inF L.  Bordese. 

Nason's  Vocal  Class  Book      --.--->....    Edward  S.  Xason. 

National  Church  Harmony         ---__.___.        Nathan  D.  Gould. 

"        Choir.    Select  Anthems  ----------      Henry  E.  INIoore. 

"        Psalmist L.  Mason  and  George  James  AVcbb. 

"       Lyre -       -  S.  P.  Tuckermau,  S.  A.  Bancroft,  and  H.  K.  Oliver. 

New  American  Melody.    1793     ------ Jacob  French. 

'•     Lute  of  Zion     -----------       Sylvester  and  H.  P.  Main. 

"     Carmina  Sacra.    1841  ------------      Lowell  Blason. 

"     Selection  of  Sacred  Music.    1820  ----------     Samuel  Dyer. 

"     Oratoiio  Chorus  Book         -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -J,  E.  Goidd. 

"     Coui-se  of  Harmony        ---___-_-.-        L.  H.  Southard. 

"     Brunswick  Church  Harmony     ----------     Zebulon  ICstey. 

Newburyport  Collection.     1807       -----------   Daniel  Bailey. 

New  England  Psalm  Singer.     1770     -- --         William  Billings. 

New  and  Complete  Introduction  to  the  Grounds  of  Music.    1764     -       -       -       -   Daniel  Bailey. 

New  Hampshire  Collection.    Church  Music     --------  Henry  E.  Moore. 

New  York  Collection  of  Sacred  Music.    1827       --------     Samuel  Dyer. 

"         "    Choralist      -----_-.   Thomas  Hastings  and  W.  B.  Bradburv. 

"         "    Glee  and  Chorus  Book  ---------      Wilham  B.  Biadbui^'. 

Nightingale.    Vocal  Music  ------------      W.  O.  Perkins. 

Norfolk  Collection  of  Sacred  Music.    1795   ---------      Amos  Albee. 

Norfolk  Compiler.    Church  Music.    1805  ---------     Stephen  .Jenks. 

Normal  Singer.    Church  Music.    1854  ----------  Lowell  Mason. 

Noi-mal  Song  Book       --.--.-------J.  C.  Johnson. 

Northampton  Collection.    1778      ---.-------       Elias  Mann. 

Northern  Harp.    Church  Music.    1837      ---------  Henry  E.  Moore. 

'«        Harp         --- ..-     Mary  S.  B.  Dana. 


202  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 

Northern  Harmony.    1816   ------    Abram  Maxim  and  Japheth  C.  Wa=libume» 

Numeral  Harmony  -----------         H.  \V.  Day  and  T.  Beals. 

New  York  Normal  School  Song  Book       -       -       -       -       L.  A.  Benjamin  and  1.  B.  Woodbiuy. 

New  Templi  Carmina.    Church  Music  --------      George  Kuigsley. 

Normal  I 'iano  Instruction  Book         -----_-_--_       -  C.  Hess. 

Novello's  Organ  Voluntaiies  -----------       Vincent  NoveUo. 

Nicholson's  Flute  Method   -----------       Charles  Nicholson. 

Norma.    An  Opera  -------------        Vincent  Bellini. 

New  Odeon.    Glees.  &c.      ---------         L.  Mason  and  G.  J.  Webb. 

New  Sacred  Star.    Church  Music  -----------      L.  Marshall. 

Naaman.    An  Oratorio         -------------       M.  Costa. 

Nightingale.    A  Cantata         -----------J.  F.  Reichardt. 

Newlaiid's  Vespei-s        -------------W.  A.  Newland. 

Nursery  Rhymes       --------------    j.  "W.  Elliott. 

Normal.    Singing  Schools,  &c.    -----------J.  W,  Suffera. 

Normal  Musical  Handbook      -----------       George  F.  Root, 

New  Harp  of  Zion.    Church  Tune  Book  -       -       -       -       -       -       -A.  D.  and  J.  it.  Fillmore. 

New  Silver  Song.    Sabbath  Schools      -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -\V.  A.  Ogden. 

New  Eva.    Singmg  Schools        ------------     G.  F.  Root. 

Nava's  Rejiertoire  de  Solfegge.    Vocal         ----------     G.  Nava. 

National  Chorus  Book.    Sacred  and  Secular  --------         Selected. 

New  Comic  Songster        --------------    Selected. 

National  Hymn  and  Tune  Book.    For  Schools,  &c        -------         Selected. 

New  Congregational  Harp  and  Chapel         ---------     L.  B  Barnes. 

Ninety-Eighth  Psalm  -------------   F.  Mendelssohn. 

Niedermeyer's  Mass  inD-----------        L.  Niedermeyer. 

National  Orchestra.    Five  or  SLx  Instruments.    Twenty-one  Numbers      -       -        B.  A.  Burditt. 
New  Germania.    Four,  Five,  and  Six  Instruments    -       -       -       -       -       -       -B.  A.  Burditt. 

Ninety-Fifth  Psalm.    "  Come,  let  us  sing  "     -------       F.B.Mendelssohn. 

New  IMethod  for  Melodeon     ------------By  Publisher. 

"    and  Complete  Method  for  Accordeon     --------        By  Publisher. 

"     Lute  of  Zion.    Church  Music         ---------LB.  Woodbuiy. 

"    Jlelodeon.    Hymns  and  Tunes         ---------J.  W.  Dadmun. 

"    Olive  Bi-anch.    Church  ]\Iusic       ------        T.  J.  Cook  and  T.  E.  Perkins. 

"     Shining  Star.    Sabbath  School  Music      --------        T.  E.  Perkins. 

Novello's  Vocal  School   -------------         s.  Novello, 

New  Musical  Fountain.    Temperance  Songs  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -    G.  1"\  Root. 

New  Standard  Singer.    H\Tnns  and  Tunes  --------         Pliilip  Pliillips. 

Notes  of  Joy.    Sabbath  Schools        ---------        Mrs.  J.  F.  Knapp. 

New  Coronet.    Singing  Schools.  &c.      ---------       George  F.  Root. 

New  England  Conser\-atory  Method  for  Piano       -       -       -       -       -       -      N.  E.  ConserAatory. 

Notre  Dame  System  for  Piano       ---------    Sisters  of  Notre  Dame. 

Nativity.     Christmas  Carol        -----------        -J.  CBockel. 

New  Year's  IZve.    A  Cantata         -----------     H.  Schoeller. 

Norma.    Libretto  of  Opei-a        ------------         G.  Verdi. 

Naaman.    Libretto  of  Oratorio      -       -       -       -       -       ---       ---.       -Ji.  Costa. 

Naaman.    Chomses  from  the  Oratorio     ----------       M.  Costa. 

New  Oratorio  Chorus  Book      ------------         Selections. 

Nicholson's  Preceptive  Lessons  for  Flute        -------       Charles  Nicholson. 

Nava's  Twelve  Vocalises         -------------    G.  Nava. 

Nine  o'clock  in  Morning.    School  Song  Book  --------     H.  Tucker. 

New  England  ajid  Bay  State  Glee  Book       -       -       -       -      I.  B.  Woodbuiy  and  J.  C.  Johnson. 

New  Temperance  Melodist         ------------   S.  Hubbard. 

New  School  for  Piano      -------------     Sep.  Winner. 

"  '*        "  Melodeon   ------------         Sep.  Winner. 

"         "        "  Cabinet  Organ       -----------    Sep.  Winner. 

"  "        "  Guitar Sep.  Winner. 

«         «        "  Violin Sep.  Winner. 

"         "        "  Flute Sep.  Winner. 

"  "        "  Piccolo  and  Boehm  Flute  -         --------     Sep.  Winner. 

"  "        **  German  Accordeon  ----------         Sep.  Winner. 

"  "        "  Banjo Sep.  Winner. 

•'         ««        a  Fife Sep.  Winner. 

"         "       "  Flageolet Sep.  Winner. 

**  "        "  Comet        ------------         Sep.  Winner. 

"  "        '*  Clarionet ------     Sep.  Winner. 

Norma.    Complete  Opera  as  Piano  Solo  ----------        G-  Verdi. 

Organist.    Music  for  Organ     -       -       -       -       --       -L.  H.  Southard  and  G.  E.  Whiting. 

Offertorium.    Catholic  Church    -----------         W.  O.  FLske. 

Original  Hymn  Tunes       -------------    H.  K.  Oliver. 

Orpheon.    Boys'  High  Schools,  &c.    ----------      W,  O.  Perkins. 

Osgood's  Guide  to  Art  of  Singing  -----------   G.  L.  Osgood. 

Orchestral  Journal.     Five  or  six'instruments.    Twenty-four  Numbers      -       -  G.  W.  Friedrich. 
Organ  Gems.   For  Church  Organ  ------_-__      F.  S.  Davenport. 

Organ  at  Home.    For  Reed  Organ    ----------- 


A  DICTIONABY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  203 

Oriola.    Sabbath  Schools        -----------       W.  B.  Bradbury. 

Oriental  Glee  and  Anthem  Book      --------_.     Dr.  t.  Hastings. 

Organist's  Companion.    Church  or  Reed  Organ  --------     s.  T.  Gordon. 

Operatic  Leaves.    For  Piano-forte    ----------         Fr.  Kunimer. 

Organist's  Quarterly  Review   -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -WIC.  Tliayer. 

One  Hundred  and  Ten  Select  Organ  Pieces     -       -       -       -       J.  E.  Trowbridge  and  J.  W.  Hill. 

Operatic  Gems.    Vocal    ------------    George  W.  Tiyon. 

Outline  of  Musical  Form    -----------       "W.  S.  B.  Mathews. 

Oliver's  Thorough-Bass  Instructor        -       -       -       -       -       -.-       -       -       -E.B.  Oliver. 

One  Key  Singer.    Church  Music        ----------J.  B.  Packard. 

Ohio  Sacred  Harp.    Church  Music        ------_-__      T.B.Mason. 

Ohio  Harmonist.    1847.    Patent  notes      ---------    Alexander  Auld. 

Offering  of  Praise.    Church  Music         ---------         Sylvester  Main. 

Old  Colony  Collection.    1818.    Three  Volumes,  quarto  -       -       -       _        H.  and  II.  Society. 

Olive  Leaf.    Seven-shaped  notes  ----------       William  Houser. 

Opera  Chorus  Book     ---------         E.  L.  White  and  John  E.  Gould. 

Oriental.    Rare  Jewish  Melodies  ---------       William  J.  Wetmore. 

Organ  Manual      --------------   H.  D.  Nicholson. 

Original  Hymn  Tunes,  Chants,  and  Sentences    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -     H.  K.  Oliver. 

Orphean  Lyre.    Glees  and  Catches   -------- L.  Mason  and  G.  J.  Webb. 

Our  Saviour.    An  Oratorio     -----------    William  Williams. 

Oesten's  Piano  Method       -------------       T.  Oesten. 

Organist's  Portfolio.      Two  Volumes    ---------        E.  F.  Rimbault. 

Operatic  Album.    Singing  Book        ------------  F.  Ives. 

Offering.    Church  Music         -----------        L.  H.  Southard, 

Oliver's  Collection       -------------         H.  K.  Oliver. 

Ohnevvald's  Requiem  Mass  inF-       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -J.  Ohnewald. 

Opera  Bouffe.    Collection  of  Vocal  and  Instrumental  ------         J.  Offenbach. 

Ole  Bull  Violin  Instructor      ------------By  Publisher. 

One  Hundred  Beautiful  Melodies  for  Violin     ---------     S.  Winner. 

One  Hundred  Operatic  Au's  for  Flute  ----------         S.  Winner. 

Operatic  Bouquet  --------------       Edwin  Bruce. 

Opera  Choruses  in  fourteen  Numbers         ---------       E.  L.  White. 

Orpheus.    Libretto  of  Opera      -----------        J.  Offenbach. 

Othello.    Libretto  of  Opera    ------------         G.  Rossini. 

Orphean  Lyre.    Two  Volumes.    English  Glees       -------       H.  R.  Bishop. 

Old  Folks'  Concert  Tunes       ------------  Father  Kemp. 

Operatic  Pearls.    Vocal  Collection     -----------     Selections. 

Ossian's  Harp.    Vocal  Collection ---      Ossian  E.  Dodge. 

One  Hundred  Comic  Songs         ------------     Selections. 

"  "  Songs  of  Ireland     -----------       -Selections. 

"         "  Songs  of  Scotland       -----------     Selections. 

Oratorio  Choruses,  in  single  numbers  -----------  Selections. 

Our  Song-Birds.    1866,  1867.    School  Song  Book    -       -       -       -     G.  F.  Root  and  B.  R.  Hanby. 

One  Hundred  Voluntaries,  Preludes,  &c.    Organ       -       -       -       -       -       -       -      Ch.  H.  Rink. 

Old  Hmidredth  Psalm  Tune       ------------      Havergal. 

Perkins's  Singing  School        -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -W.  O.  Perkins. 

Pure  Diamonds.     Sabbath  Schools     ----------       J.  R.  Muiray, 

Petersilea's  Piano  Method      -----------    Carljie  Petersilea. 

Pauline ;  or.  Belle  of  Saratoga.    Operetta       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -H.  P.  Danks. 

Palmer's  Concert  Choruses -H.  R.  Palmer. 

Pearls  of  Melody.    Instrumental  Music  for  Piano-forte       ------      Selections. 

Prometheus.    A  Cantata -----F.  Liszt. 

Pure  Li^ht.    For  Sabbath  Schools     -----------     Selections. 

Piano  and  Song        __.--------      Translated  from  F.  Wieck. 

Psahn  King.     Church  Tune  Book T.  E.  Perkins. 

Praise  Offering.     Clmrch  Tune  Book    ----------V.  C.  Taylor. 

Palm.    Church  Tune  Book --       C.  M.  Wyman. 

Priceless  Gems,    Vocal  Music ._---By  Publislier. 

Pearl  Drops.     Piano  Pieces - By  Publisher. 

Pleasant  Memories.    Piano  Pieces       ----------By  Publisher. 

Pure  Gold.    Sabbath  Schools Robert  Lowry  and  W,  H.  Doane. 

Pearl.    Sabbath  Schools J.  M.  Kieffer. 

Peters's  Parlor  Comnanion.    Two  Violins  and  Piano     ------  W.  Dressier. 

Catholic  Melodist W.  C.  Peters. 

"        Catholic  Choir  Book W.  C.  Peters. 

"        Sodality  Hymn  Book W.  C.  Peters. 

Palmer's  Elements H.  R.  Palmer. 

Paine's  Mass  in  D     -- - John  K.  Paine. 

Palmer's  Normal  Collection.    Sacred  Music     --------       H.  R.  Palmer. 

Piano  at  Home.    Four-Hand  Music Selections. 

Pestalozzian  Music  Teacher -        Lowell  Mason  and  T.  F.  Seward. 

Piano  Teacher I-oius  Plaidy. 

Primary  Elements  of  IMusic        ----------       Dr.  H.  R.  Streeter. 

Pilgrim's  Harp.    Hymns  and  Tunes     -----------  AsaHulL 


204  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  DTFORMATIOK 

Perkins's  Anthem  Book  ------__._._  yy.  O  Perkins 

Prodigal  Son.    A  Cantata Arthur  Sullivan! 

Passion  Music  according  to  St.  Matthew      ---_-_.._     joh.  S.  Bach 
Passion  Music.    Choruses    -------____.        JqIi.  §,'  Bach' 

Parker's  Seven  Four-Part  Songs    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       _       J.  C.  D.  Parker! 

Paige's  New  and  Inductive  Method  for  Piano  --------  Mrs.  J  JB  Pai^e' 

Piano  without  a  Master -----E.  L.  White! 

Parlor  Companion.    Vocal  and  Instrumental  Music       ------_'    Selected! 

Pianist's  Album.    Instrumental  INIusic  for  Piano       ----.___     Selected! 

Piano-forte  Gems.    Instrumental  Music  for  Piano         -----__        Selected! 

I'arty  Dances.    Viohn  and  Piano  --------__.         g   Winner* 

Pleyel's  Violin  Duets ----___j  pievel* 

Panseron's  A  B  C  of  IMusic    --------_-__a.  Panseron! 

"  A  B  C  of  Music  abridged         ----__.__         j^'  Panseron' 

■r,    /o  MeOiod  of  Singing.    In  Parts a!  I'anseron! 

Part  Songs  for  Female  Voices     --------_-__§  MUller 

Primarj'  School  Song  Book L.  Mason  and  G.  J.  W^ebb! 

Ireciosa     An  Opera    -       -       - Carl  Maria  von  Wcbcr. 

Pardon  di  Ploennel.    Libretto  of  the  Opera       -----__.    (j,  Meverbeer. 

Puiitani.     Libietto  of  the  Opera       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       _       -*V  'Bellini' 

Piiata.    Libretto  of  the  Opera       --------.._         y'  BelUni* 

Prophete.    Libretto  of  the  Opera      -------___       q.  Meyerbeer* 

Perichole.    Libretto  of  the  Opera         --------_-j  Offenbach! 

Poliuto ;  or,  the  Martyrs.    Libretto  of  the  Opera    ---.-__         g.  Donizetti. 
Psalms  of  Life.    Hymns  and  Tunes     --------__js  Adams' 

Praise  to  God.    Oratorio George' F.Bristow! 

Pupil's  First  Prinier Francis  H.  Bro\%Ti. 

Peters  s  Mass  in  D       _- W.C.Peters. 

Peters  s  Jubilee  Mass  inG-       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       _       _       _       -WC   Peters 

Perfect  Guide  for  Piano --_-_._  'g  Winner' 

Piano  Primer "g"  dinner' 

Perfect  G  uide  for  Melodeon       --------____g  W'inner* 

!!  !!       !!  ^ahinet  Organ g.'  Winner. 

?.V"|.^r g.  Winner. 

X'"?'' S.  Winner. 

F?fe S.  Winner. 

Fife      - g_  Winner. 

German  Concertina       ------__-_g  Winner 

u  u        .«  Flageolet gl  winner! 

Posthorn  Preceptor B.  A.  Burditt. 

Parlor  Melodies   ^    -   ,   -  ,    - Miss  M.  E.  Bailey. 

Parlor  Harp  and  Social  Melodist        ---------__       A<^a  Fitz. 

Palace  of  Industry.    1851 J.C.Johnson. 

Pestalozzian  Song  Book.    1844 j.  C.  Johnson. 

Plain  and  Easy  Introduction  to  Music.    1712 John  Tufts 

Pilgrim  Fathers.    A  Cantata George  F.  Root. 

Practical  Instructions  in  Hannony.    1854    -------_         AN  Johnson 

!!        Guide  to  Thorough  Bass.    1853 John  Hilton  Jones! 

'/        Text  book  of  Music Edward  B.  OUver. 

Province  Harmony.    1809.    Church  Music Hezekiah  Moore. 

Picnic.    A  Cantata J.  R.  Thomas. 

Pianist  s  Companion A.  Schmitt  and  J.  A.  HamUton. 

Pittsourg  Musical  Instructor E.  and  M.  H.  Pease. 

Pitch.  Intervals.  Chords,  and  Scales Truman  Crossett. 

Philadelphia  Collection  of  Sacred  Music      -------__     Samuel  Dyer 

Philosophy  of  Music E.  and  M.  H.  Pease! 

Polyhyinnia.    Church  Music Charles  F.  Heuberer. 

Portland  Sacred  INIusic  Societv's  Collection      ----_-__         David  Paine. 
Presbyterian  Psalmodist.    Patent  notes      -       -       -       Thomas  Hastings  and  W.  B.  Bradbury. 

Psalms  of  David,  in  heroic  measure  -       --__ TTiomas  Ciadock. 

Psalmodist.     Church  Music William  B.  Bradbuiy. 

Psalmodist  s  Companion.    1793  ------__-__      Jacob  Fivneh 

Psalms  and  Hymns William  Allen! 

^,  ^^         ^^     l-'^^O       -----____._     Francis  Greenwood. 

_    ,      _..         ,     .      l'^95  -------_____      Jeremy  Belknap. 

Psalm  Singer's  Amusement.    1781 WUliam  Billings. 

Psalmista.     Church  Music William  B.  Bradbury. 

Psalmist;  or,  Chonster's  Companion        ----.___.       -N.  D.  Gould. 
Psalmodist's  Assistant.    1806         ----_-.__.       Abijah  Forbush. 

Psalmodist     - Thomas  Hastings  and  W-.  B.  Bradburj-. 

Psaltery.    1846         - LoweU  Mason  and  G.  J.  Webb. 

Psalter.    Canticles  and  Anthems.    1844 John  Culvert. 

"  Noted.     From  Helmore's  Work --    Edward  I\I.  Pecke. 

'  Numeral  Notation.    New  Plan.     1848 J.  W.  Morton. 

Parlor  Lute.    Glee  Book       ----__.       __>_.hM  Higgins 
Paiadise.    A  Cantata  ------.._..       .._"       Fawcett. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


205 


Prize.    Sabbath  School  Music       -----.._---         g.  F.  Root. 

Plaiily's  Technical  Studies  ------------        Louis  I'laidy. 

Pollio's  Musical  Slcetches       _---_------_       Elise  Polko. 

Practical  Organist         ----------^--     Edward  Travis. 

Panserou's  Method  of  Singing       -----------A.  Panseron. 

Peters's  Art  of  Singing       -----------       William  C.  I'eters. 

Pardon  di  Plosrinel.    An  Opera    -----------    G.  Meyerbeer. 

Pacilic  Gleo  Book        ----------     G.  F.  Hoot  and  J.  II.  Murray. 

Parlor  Glee  Book      --------------J.  p.  Ordway. 

Patrio'ic  Glee  Book      -------------      H.  IM.  Ili^gins. 

Philadelphia  and  New  York  Glee  Book       ---------         S.B.Dyer. 

Parker's  Sacred  Chorus  Book     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -J.  C.  D.  I'arker. 

People's  Tune  Book         -------------  Lowell  Mason. 

Praise  of  Zion.    Church  Music  -------  Solon  Wilder  and  F.  S.  Davenport. 

Power  of  Song.    A  Cantata  ------------A.  Ilomberg. 

Praise  of  Friendship.    A  Cantata     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -W.  A.  Mozart. 

Peters's  Cathohc  Harp    --        -__--------     W.  C.  Peters. 

«'  **       Harmonist  ------------        W.  C.  Peters. 

Peters's  Evening  Sei-vice -------     W.  C.  Peters. 

Quarrel  among  Flowers.    A  Cantata         ---------         H.  Schoeller. 

Quintet  Orchestra.    For  two  violins,  clarionet,  cornet,  and  bass     -----  Selections. 

Quartet.    Glees  and  Songs  -------------    S.  B.  Dyer. 

Eesponsary.    Introducing  second  trebles.    1795     --------    Amos  Burr. 

Richardson's  New  Method  for  Piano-forte  -------         Nathan  Richardson. 

Richardson's  IModern  School  for  Piano-forte  -------     Nathan  Richardson. 

Rip  Van  Winkle.    An  Opera __--   George  F.  Bristow. 

Romberg  Collection.    Church  Music T.  M.  Dewey  and  L.  O.  Emerson. 

Rover ;  or,  Happiness  at  Last.    Pastoral,  1753     -------       Joseph  Jackson. 

Rudiments  of  Music.    1783 Andrew  Law. 

Rural  Harmony.    1800     --------    Jacob  Kimball  and  Samuel  Holyoke. 

Rural  Songster.    Patent  notes.    1851       ---- Lowell  Mason. 

Rural  Harmony.    1793     - Jacob  Kimball,  jun. 

Ruth  and  Naomi.    A  Cantata Leopold  Damroch. 

Recreations  for  Cabinet  Organ         ----.----.-        Selections. 

Root's  School  for  Cabinet  Organ George  F,  Root, 

Rules  for  Young  Musicians     ------------  R.  Schumann. 

Richter's  Harmony.    Translated  by  J.  C.  D.  Parker       ------       E.  F.  Ilichter. 

Rossini's  Vocal  Exercises _____--         G.  Rossini. 

River  of  Life.    Sabbath  School  Music H.  S.  Perkins  and  W.  W.  Bentley. 

Recent  Music  and  Slusicians ___.--        ign.  Moscheles. 

Revivalist.    Iljnnn  and  Tune  Book   ----------       Jos.  Ilillman. 

Royal  Diadem.    Sabbath  School  Music        -       -       -       -       -  Robert  Lowry  and  W.  H.  Doane. 

Rives' Vocal  System Madam  C.  Rives. 

Rainbow.    A  Cantata Frank  L.  Bristow. 

Root's  School  of  Singing     - F.  W.  Root. 

Root's  Model  Organ  School -        George  F.  Root. 

Rush  on  the  Voice -.-  Benjamin  Rush. 

Rajnnond's  Organ  Gems .--        R.  F.  Raymond. 

Revellers.    A  Cantata John  II.  Hewitt. 

Ritter's  Art  of  Organ  Playing Edited  by  John  P.  Morgan. 

Reward.    Sabbath  School  Music        ---. J.  A.  Kurzenlaiabe. 

Rudimontal  Class  Teaching H.  R.  Palmer. 

Reminiscences  of  Mendelssohn _------  Ehso  Polko. 

Rimbault's  Handbook  for  Piano E.  F.  Rimbault. 

Richardson's  New  Modern  School  for  Piano-forte N.  Rieliardson. 

Rohbock's  Piano  Instructor H.  Rohbock. 

Richardson's  Elements  of  Music  at  Sight N.Richardson. 

Rimbault's  Handbook  of  Harmony Ed.  F.  Rimbault. 

Rink's  First  Three  Months  at  the  Organ C.  H.  Rink. 

Rink's  Instructor  for  Beginners     -----------        C.  II.  lank. 

Rink's  Organ  School.    (Revised  by  Best) -----   C.  II.  Rink, 

Romberg's  Violoncello  School Bernard  Romberg. 

Rounds,  Canons,  and  Catches Heniy  Carter. 

Runaway  Flirt.    A  Cantata    -- _  I^ail  ^lerz, 

Rossini's  Messe  Solennelle  ------------ G.  A.  liossim. 

■Rossi's  Vespers William  Dressier. 

■Rules  for  Young  Musicians Robert  Sclumiann. 

■Rink's  Twelve  Preludes  for  Organ _--        C.  H.  Rmk. 

Rink's  Forty  Preludes  for  Organ -----   C.  II.  Link. 

Rice's  Banjo  Method ^]^",r^'^^,^- 

Rigoletto.    Libretto  of  an  Opera _p- V^^J- 

Romeo  and  Juhet.    Libretto  of  an  Opera    ---------       -  V.  Leliim. 

Romeo  and  JiUiet,    Libretto  of  an  Opera        --------       -    C.  Gounod. 

Rose  of  Castile.    Libretto  of  an  Opera       w--------     M.  W.  Balfe. 


206  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION". 

Robert  le  Diable.    Libretto  of  an  Opera -.--G.  Meyerbeer. 

Sabbath-School  Melodies William  B.  Bradbury. 

«4  "        Choir-       ----------       -William  B.  Bradbury. 

«  «        Choir     ------------   William  Williams. 

Sabbath  Harmony.    Church  Music L.O.Emerson. 

Sabbath  Minstrel.    Patent  notes Jesse  b.  Aiken. 

Sacred  Harp.    Patent  notes B.  F.  White  and  E.  J.  King. 

"       Songs.    Patent  notes.    1842 Thomas  Hastings. 

"       Harmony.     Patent  notes.    1838 Alexander  Davidson. 

"       Harmony.    Patent  notes.     1848 SamuelJackson. 

"       Minstrel.    Chm-ch  Music.    1848 John  W.  Moore. 

"       Minstrel.    Church  Music.    1834 George  Fleming. 

"       Harp.     1834      ------------        James  H.  Hickok. 

"       Minstrel.    1840.    Chm-ch  Music -N.  D.  Gould. 

"       Praise.     1856.    Church  Music Thomas  Hastings. 

"       Melodeon.    Patent  notes Amos  Sutton  Hayden. 

"       Minstrel.    Church  Music Virgil  C.  Taylor. 

"       Lyre.    Church  Music.    1840 Thomas  Hastings. 

"       Choir.    Church  Music.    1838 -George  Ivingsley. 

"       Star,  or  Union  Collection Leonard  Marshall. 

"       Harmonist.    Church  Music George  Ivingsley. 

"       Music.    Patent  notes -^  Sfh  Ely. 

"       Music,  or  Melodies  of  the  Church A.  S.  Hayden. 

'«       Lute.    Church  Music S.  Main  and  T.  E.  Perkins. 

"       Haiinonicon.    Two-Line  Numerals.    1842  -------  T.  Hamson. 

"       Choral.    Patent  notes Samuel  Wakelield. 

Salem  Collection.    1805       -- -,  Joseph  Prince. 

Sanctus.    Church  Music Edward  Hamilton. 

Seraph.    Church  Music.    1827 John  Cole. 

Sera  ohina;  or,  Christian  Librai-y George  Fleming. 

Select  Harmony.    Original.    ITbG Andrew  Law. 

Singers' First  liook J.  and  H.  Bird. 

Singing-:\Iaster*3  Assistant.    1778 William  Billings. 

Sin'nn'g-School  Companion    -       -       -       -. Joseph  and  Horace  Bird. 

Seasons.    Thompson's  Hymn.    1839 Richard  Gaibett. 

Seasons.    A  Cantata William  B.  Bradburj'. 

Select  Harmony.    Engraved  Music.    1783 Oliver  Brownson. 

"      Tunes  and  Anthems.    1783 Oliver  Brownson. 

"      Hannony.    1785.    For  the  Psalm  Books Daniel  Bailey. 

Schumann's  Ssventy-live  Songs „*?.*^|P -^'X^'?-^*?"' 

School  Operettas William  OJiske. 

"       Triad     -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -^V.F.  Heath. 

"      Vocalist     ------------     E.  Locke  and  S.  Kourse. 

Shawm.    Church  Music Wilham  B.  Bradburj-  and  George  F.  Boot. 

Shawm.    Church  ]\Iusic Lowell  and  T.  B.  Mason. 

Social  Woi-Lliip.    1854 .t"  .  J""  ^i^'  ^^^*^5' 

♦«      Harmonv.     1823.    Quarto       -- Nathan  D.  Gould. 

"      Choir,    three  Volumes.    1849   - George  Ivingsley. 

"      Glee  Book.    1847      -------         WiUiam  Mason  and  S,  A,  Bancroft. 

"      Sin^-in'T.    1844 - WiUiam  B.  Bradbuiy. 

"      Harp.  "Patent  not«s John  G.  McCurry. 

Songs  of  Sacred  Praise.    1845 Edward  Hamilton. 

"     "   Zion.    Church  Music   - James  C.  Caixell. 

"      "  Zion.    Church  Music Thomas  A\  hittemore. 

"      "  the  Temple.    Church  Music Brown,  Mitchell,  and  Holt. 

"      •'  Worship.    Church  Music T.O'Kane. 

Song  Land.    Church  Music Ii;yin2  Emerson. 

Song  (Tov/ned  King.    Church  Music -     Aldine  b.  Ivieffer. 

Snarkhn-r  Rubies.     Sabbath  Schools.  Asa  HuU  and  Harry  Sanders. 

Springfield  Collection.    Sacred  Music.    1816 Thomas  Hastings. 

Southern  and  Western  Pocket  Harmonist.    1845 ^V  ilham  \\  alker. 

Melodies.    Church  Music E.  A.  Blackmar. 

"         Church  Melodies.    1849 ,  ..G^oi'ge/^ood. 

Harmonv.    Patent  notes.    1835 Wilham  U  alker. 

Stabat  IMater.    Latin  and  EngUsh  Words ^-     G.  Kossmi. 

Star  Collection.    Instrumental John  W.  Sloore. 

Supplement  to  Chorister's  Companion.    1792 Simeon  J ocelyn. 

Supplement  to  Kentucky  Harmony.    1820  -       -       - Ananias  Davidson. 

Sulfolk  Hannony.    1786 ^V  illiam  Billings. 

Sunbeams.    For  Conventions        -----------      B.  i'.  Ijaker. 

Sternhold  and  Hopkins'  Psalmes.    1693 Amencan  Edition. 

St.  Louis  Harmony.    1833 John  L.  beat. 

Storm  King.    A  Cantata.    1S50         - ,     '   ,,    V'  -f  u'^^^.^f  ^• 

Stoughton  Collection.    1828     - Stoughton  Musical  Society. 

Southard's  Thorough  Bass  and  Harmony -.-        L.  H.  Southard. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  207 

Schneider's  Practical  Organ  School  ----------         p,  Schneider. 

Schneider's  Oi-gan  Voluntaries       ------.--._     p.  ScJnieider. 

Short  Voluntaries  for  Organ       ----- William  II.  Clarke. 

Schatzman' 8  Sax-Horn  Instructor-       ----.-.--_   J.  Schatzman. 
Sax-Horn  Preceptor     ---------       ---__m.  Distin. 

Sax-Horn  Preceptor B.  A.  Burditt. 

Spring  Holiday.    A  Cantata       -----------     c.  C.  Converse. 

Song-Book  of  the  Schoolroom       ---.---_--__  j^,.  jjason. 
Sonnambnla.     Libretto  of  an  Opera         -------___      y.  iJellinL 

Sappho.    Libretto  of  an  Opera      -------_--__q,  Pacini. 

Semiraniide.    Libretto  of  an  Opera  -----------     G.  Rossini. 

Son  and  Stranger.     Libretto  of  an  Opera    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -F.  B.  Mendelssohn. 

Samson.    Libretto  of  an  Oratorio      ----------       q,  i,\  Handel. 

Stabat  Mater.    Libretto  of  an  Oratorio        -----____         q  Rossini. 

St.  Paul.     Libretto  of  an  Oratorio     ----------  f.  Mendels.sohn. 

Shower  of  Pearls.    Collection  of  Vocal  Duets    ---------     Selected. 

Silver  Chord.    Collection  of  Songs    -------___-        Selected. 

Seasons.    A  Cantata       --------__--__  j,  Haydn. 

Song  Festival.    Church  Music   -----------         V.  C.  Taylor. 

Sacred  Chorus  Book        --. E.  L.  White  and  J.  E.  Gould. 

Samson.    An  Oratorio         ----_---_--_        g.  F.  Han<lel. 
Samson.    Choruses  alone       ------------    G.  F.  Handel. 

St.  Paul.    An  Oratorio        -- -       -       -      F.B.Mendelssohn. 

St.  Paul.    Choruses  alone      ---       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -F.  B.  Mendelssolin. 

Song  of  the  Bell.     A  Cantata     -----------         a.  Romberg. 

Spring.    From  the  Seasons.     A  Cantata      ---------       -J.Haydn. 

Saint  Cecilia's  Dav.    A  Cantata         ----------J.  B.  Van  Bree. 

Sabbath  School,  The.    For  Sunday  Schools W.  Williams. 

"  "        Trumpet.    For  Sunday  Schools     -------     W.  O.  Perkins. 

"  "        Wreath.    For  Sunday  Schools  ---------    Asa  Fitz. 

Southard's  Mass  inF-       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -L.  H.  Southard. 

Soutliard's  Mass  inD------------        L.  H.  Soutliard. 

Stabat  Mater W.  H.  Fry. 

Stearns's  Mass  in  A-       --       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -C.  C.  Stearns. 

Saroni's  Musical  Grammar;  or,  Musical  Vade-Mecum   ------        H.  S.  Saroni. 

Sherman's  Musical  Catechism       ---------  RoUin  K.  Sherman. 

Seminary  Bell.    School  Music  Book  -----------      C.  Butler. 

Silver  Bell.    School  Music  Book  ------------  C.Butler. 

"     Clarion.    School  Music  Book  ----------  d.  Shyrock. 

"     Lute.    School  Music  Book  -       ---------         George  F.  Root. 

Sacred  Lyre.    Church  Music       -.-       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -W.  Ludden. 

Service  of  Song.     Church  Music  -----------  B.  F.  Leavens. 

Schumann's  Album  for  Young  Pianist     --------       Robert  Schiimaim. 

Strauss'  Dance  Music.    Violin  or  Flute  and  Piano  -         ------    John  Strauss. 

Seller's  p]xercises  for  female  voice    ----------         Emma  Seiler. 

Songs   of   Salvation.     Sabbath-School  Book      -       -  T.  E.  Perkins  and  Rev.  Alfred  Taylor. 
Streeter's  Exercises  in  Voice-Building.    In  three  books     --       -       -       -       -       -  H.  R.  Streeter. 

Shining  Lights.    Vocal  Music     ------------       Selected. 

Song  IMamonds.    Vocal  Music      -.-        _---_.._--    Selected. 
Short  Voluntaries  for  Organ.    Nine  numbers         --------- J.  Hiles. 

Sweet  Sounds.    Vocal  JIusic  -------------    Selected. 

Song  Echo.    School  Song  Book        ---_-_--_-        H.  S.  Perkins. 

Songs  of  Yale  College Chas.  S.  Elliot 

Sechter's  Fundamental  Harmonies  --------        Edited  by  C.  C  Muller. 

Song  Monarch.    Singin^j  Schools,  &c.  -       -       -       -       -       -  H.  R.  Palmer  and  L.  O.  Emerson. 

Standai-d.    Church  Music  --------      H.  R.  Palmer  and  L.  O.  Emerson. 

Sparkhng  Jewels.    Sabbath  Schools    -        --------         KnoAvIes  Shaw. 

Sacred  Crown.    Church  Music    -------         D.  F.  Hodges  and  G.  W.  Foster. 

Song  King.    Singing  Schools,  &c.  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -   H.  R.  Palmer. 

Song  Queen.     Singing  Schools,  &c.  ---------       -        H.  R.  Palmer. 

Sceptre.    Church  Music  ------------A.  Brooks  Everett. 

Sabbath  Guest.    Anthems-       -------        L.  O.  Emerson  and  J.  II.  Morey. 

St.  Peter.    Oratorio-       ---_--------       -John  K.  Paine. 

St.  Peter.    Oratoiio.    Choruses        ----------      John  K.  Paine. 

Shining  River.    Sabbath  School  Music-       ------        H.  S.  and  W.  O.  Perldns. 

Silver  Wings.    Sabbath  School  Music      --...-----C.  C.  Converse. 

Smith's  Piano  Jlethod  -  ------- Sydney  Smith. 

Service  of  Song.     Hvmn  and  Tune  Book        -       -       -       •       S.  L.  Caldwell  and  A.  J.  Gordon. 
Siebert's  Art  of  Singing  -------------- F.  Siebert. 

Sabbath  Harmony.    Church  Music  ----------      L.  O.  Emerson. 

Sacred  Melodeon.    Church  Music  -----------A.  S.  Hayden. 

Singing-School  Echo   ---------      N.  Coe  Stewart  and  J.  M.  Noilh, 

Strauss'  Dance  Music  for  Piano-forte  ----------    John  Strauss. 

Song  Tree P.  P.  Bliss. 

Song  Gift.    Songs,  &c. 

Songs  of  To-day.    Sabbath  Schools,  -       -. -      -      T.E.  Perkins. 


208 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 


Song  Life.    Sabbath  Schools         -       -       -       - Philip  Phillips. 

Strauss  Waltzes.    Two  volumes.    Piano- forte John  btrauss. 

Sure  Teacher.     Child's  Course  for  Piano-forte William  lyes. 

Social  .Song.    Collection  Vocal  Music        ----------       belected. 

Social  Circle.    Collection  of  Piano-forte  Music  ---------    Selected. 

Silver  Sounds ^  ^-^^^^^t 

Sunshine.    Sabbath  Schools -.„.  P.  P.  i5hS3. 

Sangerfest.    Male  Voices William  Dressier. 

Song  Wreath -     W^^^iUiams. 

Song  Crown.     Church  Music       - Iv-'^i^^^c   '^IZ' 

Sparkling  Stream.    Temperance  Melodies  -       -------        M.  *.  M.  bmitn. 

Sacred  Lute.    Church  Music T.E.Perkins. 

Selah.    Church  Music ^^^^mv^^* 

Singing  Pilgrim.    Hymns  and  Tunes        -       -       - -    r.  1  hillips. 

Seininai-v  Album.    Ladies' Schools ^- ^- ^^''^'^^j- 

Singer.  'Singing  Schools,  &c. T.F.Seward. 

Sabbath.    Church  Music -dvi^"  ^rii^^o' 

Song  Ministry       -       -       - -     PMip  Philips. 

School  Chimes James  R.  Murray. 

Son^s  of  Grace  and  Gladness.    Sabbath  Schools    -       -       -       -  W.  F.  Sherwin  and  S.  J.  Vail, 

Son|  Evangel.    Sabbath  Schools E.  P.  Hammond. 

SonfsofLove ^.B.  Palmer. 

Sunbeam.    Singing  Schools ..__-_-     Jf"^„     f^* 

School  Tiiad.    School  Song  Book ,-^--.  "     .  ,V^' V  ^C^tl 

Silver  Carol.    School  Song  Book J.  H.  Leshe  and  W\  A.  Ogden. 

Song  Era.     Singing  Schools J-Y*  , ,     * 

Sacred  Lvrics.    Hymns  and  Tunes       - -T  VT^     ,^* 

Songs  of  "Gladness.    Sabbath  Schools -r^v-i-    ^v-?v 

Standard  Gems ^^^'^M^Sl* 

Sabbath  Songs       -       - n^P  it^i-^^' 

Stearns's  Mass  in  D C.C.Stearns. 

Shaw's  Instructions  for  Piano - ^-  ,*^.^^- 

Songs  of  the  Sanctuary.    Hymns  and  Tunes ----    »eiectea. 

''     "  Devotion.    Hymns  and  Tunes "  „  "       "       ^V^  Doane. 

«     "  the  Temple.    Church  Music B.  F.  Baker  and  J.  F.  Fargo. 

'«      "   Joy.    Hymns  and  Tunes *'•  S*  T»®-n^T 

Silver  Threads  of  Song.    Day  Schools Cr    -r'^      "       "^  t  :g-^l»^^'^^- 

Singing-Sohool  Banner --    A.  N.  Johnson  and  J  H.  Tenney. 

Silver  Carols.    Day  School J.  H.  Leshe  and  W.  A.  Ogden. 

Sunny  Side  Glee  Book 'r^,  t' ^rZ-^     ^'A^l^'^^i 

Seminary  Class  Book E.  L.  White  and  T.BisselL 

Singer's'Manual  for  Schools -r  ;,  t>  Y;  ^,*k  ^?f 

Standbridge's  Piano  Instructor J.  C.  B.  Standbndge. 

Scheidler's  Piano  School ^•-^•o^^^^'^i^^" 

Schneider's  Harmony  and  Thorough  Bass -    *;  ^^^".t!^®!* 

Southard's  Course  of  Harmony L.  H.  boutnara. 

Stanton's  Voluntaries -""""''      ^"       H.  btanton. 

Saunders'  Self-Instructor,  Violin ^..^^PI^^tt  ^'^^•^* 

Spohr's  Violin  School Edited  by  U.  C.HiU. 

Standard  Singing  School L.  H.  Southard. 

Shyrock's  Miisic  Charts  ----- D.  bhyrock. 

Song  Garden.    Three  Books      -       -       ^ Lowell  Mason. 

Song  Queen.    Singiiig  Book  -       -       -       - H.  B.  Pal"jer. 

Sonnambula.    An  Opera ^-   o^f.^^„\?^- 

Southern  and  Northern  Harp Mrs.  S.  B.  Dana. 

•Sabbath  Bell.    Church  Music ^-u"  i      ^^Ir     iT 

Sabbath  Harp.    Church  INI u sic Charles  F.Heuberer. 

Sabbath  Praise.    Church  Music ^J;  W.  bultem. 

Songs  for  the  New  Life -    ^^"jl^  ^;,'^9?®^- 

Standbridge's  Chants  for  the  Church J-C.  B.  Standbndge. 

Spring.    A  Cantata ^^- ^enninges. 

Silver  Chime.    Sabbath-School  Book        -       -       - George  F.  Boot. 

Silver  Spray.    Sabbath-School  Book »'"\itr"  o  f  "«* 

Schmid's  Mass,  No.  1,  in  C Arranged  by  Peters. 

"  "       No.  2,  in  A  .  j  i.    tv    i  *.i, 

i<  "      No.  3,  in  C  -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -  Arranged  by  Derleth. 

"  "      No.  4,  in  D.  "         ^         |* 

"       No.  5,  in  E^. 

::     ::  s^- ?-?"?:•  '    «    - 

"  "      No.  7,  m  G.  .    -r^    . 

•Sanctuary  Anthems     -       -       -       - A  Kreissmann. 

Sonnambula     Complete  Operar  as  Piano  Solo    --------       -  V.  uemni. 

Thorough-Bass  School  -       -------- ^JnTnrrt 

Torp's  Guitar  Instructor a  S^^^iwS' 

Thalberg's  L'Art  du  Chant.    For  Piano    -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -  .      S-  Thalberg. 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  209 

Taylor's  Violoncello  Instructor      --.-----_,      James  B.  Taylor. 

Traviata.    An  Opera    ------------__       (j.  VerdL 

Treasured  Tokens     -------------        J.  R.  Fairlamb. 

Trovatore.    An  Opera  -----.----_--_      q.  Verdi. 

Trinity  Collection  of  Church  Music       -       -       -       -       -     E.  F.  Hodges  and  S.  P.  Tuckei-man. 

Triumph.    Church  Music     ------------   George  F.  lloot. 

Tune  Book  of  Protestant  Episcopal  Church        -----       -  Muhlenberg  and  Bedell, 

Tuner's  Manual    -----------  Sumner  Hill  and  O.  B.  Brown. 

Tuner's  Guide  --------------         o.  Ditson,  Pub. 

Tabular  Scheme  to  Plaidy's  Studies  ----------      Heman  Allen. 

Ten  Christmas  Carols      -------------a.  P.  Howard. 

Tribute  of  Praise.    Hymns  and  Tunes      ---------      Eben  Tourj^e. 

Thomas's  Sacred  Quartets      ------------J.  R.  Thomas. 

Thayer's  Mass  No.  l-------------    Eugene  Thayer. 

Tabernacle.    Church  Tunes  --.-----    B.  F.  Baker  and  W.  O.  Perkins. 

Temperance  Chimes     ---------  W.  B.  Bradbury  and  J.  N.  Stearns. 

Temple  Melodies.    Hymns  and  Tunes  ---------      Darius  E.  Jones. 

Triad.    Church  Music  -------------         A.  J.  Abbey. 

Tonart.    Church  Music  --------  Edward  Roberts  and  John  P.  Morgan. 

True  Choir.    Church  Music        -----------A.  N.  Johnson. 

Thesaurus  Musicus  -------------A.  Brooks  Everett. 

Thayer's  Art  of  Organ  Playing.    Five  Parts     -       -       -       -       -       --W.  Eugene  Thayer. 

True  Psalmist.    Church  Music      ----------         A.  N.  Johnson. 

Thayer's  Cabinet  Organ  Instructor    ----------      W.  E.  Thayer. 

True  Singing  School  Text  Book     ----------         A.  N.  Johnson. 

Trowbridge's  Mass  InE-----------        J.  E.  Trowbridge. 

Temple  Anthems     ----------  Robert  Lowry  and  W.  H.  Doane. 

Trumpet  of  Reform.    For  Granges,  &c.    -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -    G.  F.  Root. 

Temperance  Echoes        ------------     William  Dressier. 

Tidal  Wave.    Temperance  Songs      -------      R.  Lowry  and  W.  H.  Doane. 

Triumphlied.    A  Cantata       ------------        j.  Brahma. 

Temple  Emanuel.    Hymn  Book        -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -A.  J.  Davis. 

Terpsichore.    Dance  Music.    For  Two  Violins,  Clarionet,  Comet,  and  Bass  -       -       -    Selected. 
Technical  Studies.    Plaidy's.    Translated      -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -    J.  C.  D.  Parker. 

Temple  Choir        -------     Theodore  F.  Seward  and  William  B.  Bradbury. 

Temple  Harmony.    Church  Music        ---------J.  C.  Washbume. 

Templi  Carmina,  or  Songs  of  the  Temple         -----        Brown,  Mitchell,  and  Holt. 

Templi  Carmina.    Church  Music    ----------     George  Kingsley. 

Tennessee  Harmony.    Church  Music        -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -       -A.  W.  Johnson. 

Timbrel  of  Zion.    Patent  Notes.    1853 T.  R.  ColUns. 

Timbrel.    Church  Music     --------      B.  F.  Baker  and  I.  B.  Woodbury. 

Tip  Top  Glee  Book.    1856       --------         c.  H.  Jarvis  and  J.  A.  Getze. 

Trinity  Anthems  and  Trinity  Psalter        --------       -  Henry  S.  Cutler. 

Treatises  on  Musical  Sounds.    With  Tonometer       -       -       -       -       -       -       -S.  D.  Tillman. 

Trophies  of  Song,    With  Introduction  by  E.  Tourjee    ------        W.  F.  Crafts. 

Twenty-one  Madrigals,  Glees,  and  Part  Songs    -----     L.  Mason  and  J.  G.  Webb. 

Twin  Sisters.    A  Cantata    -----------       Hermon  S.  Saroni. 

Tyi-olean  Lyre.    Glees,  &c. _       -       -         E.  L.  White  and  J,  E.  Gould. 

Two  Hundred  and  Fifty  Voluntaries  for  Organ       -------        John  Zundel. 

Tucker's  Guitar  Manual         -_-.--------         H.  Tucker. 

Traviata.    Libretto  of  Opera     ----- G.  Verdi. 

Trovatore.    Libretto  of  Opera       ------------    G.  Verdi. 

Two  Cadis.    Libretto  of  Opera  ------------J.  Eichberg. 

Two  Cadis.    An  Opera    -------------J.  Eichberg. 

Trumpet  of  Freedom.    National  Songs     ----------       Selected. 

Tuneful  Hours.    Glee  Book  -------------    Selected. 

Twelve  German  Chorals      -------------J.  S.  Bach. 

Transient  and  Eternal.    Cantata  -----------A.  Romberg. 

Trastour's  Rudiments        -         ----------         Eugene  Trastour. 

Tara's  Harp.    School  Songs  ------------J.  A.  Getze. 

Trovatore.    Complete  Opera  as  Piano  Solo     ---------       G.  Verdi. 

Union  Harmony,  or  British  America's  Sacred  Vocal  Music.    1810  -       -       -     From  the  English. 
Union  Harmony.    Church  Music       .----.---     George  Hendricson. 

Union  Harmony.    Church  Music  -----------  Oliver  Holden. 

Union.    Church  Music       -------------T.  J.  Cook. 

Union  Haimony.    Church  Music.    1810      ---------      S.  Humbert. 

Union  Haimony.    Church  Music.    1837   --------        William  Caldwell. 

Union  Glee  Book -----B.  F.  Baker  and  L.  H.  Southard. 

Union  Piano-forte  Instructor     ------------     F.  Rasche. 

Union  Collection  for  Violin  and  Piano         ---------         S.  Winner. 

Union  Drum  and  Fife  Book       ------        Henry  Simpson  and  Ira  Canterbury. 

Unison  Mass     --------------       Theo.  La  Hache. 

Union  Star  Glee  Book B.  F.  Baker  and  W.  O.  Perkins. 

United  States  Sacred  Harmony.    1798-       -       -      .- Amos  PUlsbury. 

United  States  CoUection.    Church  Music  ---------A.  N.  Johnson. 


210  A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION. 

Cniversal  Harmony.    1769 Thomas  Bailey. 

Universal  Dictionary  of  Musical  Terms    -----.-.        James  F  Werner. 
Urania.    Sacred  Music James  Lyons. 

Valley  Harmonist.    Patent  notes      --------«.         J.  "W.  Steffy. 

Valuable  Collection.    Church  Music.    1810  --------         Daniel  L.  Peck* 

Version  of  the  Psalms.    1756 Thomas  Cradock.' 

Version  of  the  Psalms.    1751  -------.---_  John  Barnard. 

Vespers.    Catholic  Church  -----.----___  Louis  Selle* 

Vineyard  of  Song.    Singing  Schools,  &c. C.  G.  Allen  and  T.  F.  Seward! 

Village  Organist.    School  for  Cabinet  Organ   -----___    William  Weber 

Voice  Building         "    „  -       -    ,^.- H.  R.  Streeter.* 

Viohn  Amusements,    Solos  for  Violin     ---_-__.       ._g  Winner, 
Vaccai's  Practical  Method  of  Singing  --------__  n.  Vaccai! 

Vocalist's  Companion  ----------__.  E.  B.  Oliver! 

Vestiy  Chimes.    Hymns  and  Tunes     --------.__   Asa  Hull' 

Violin  Complete By  Publisher! 

Violin  Made  Easy By  Publisher. 

Voice  in  bmging Emma  Sailer. 

Victory.    Church  Music -W.  B.  Bradbury. 

Voice  Culture George  J.  Webb  and  C.  G.  Allen. 

Vespers  for  Catholic  Church  ----------       -_aF  Leieal 

Violoncello  Method Wulf  Fries  and  C.  Suck! 

Violoncello  Preceptor     ------_-__.       ___j,  Riley. 

Violoncello  Method      -------_-.___        Thos.  Morley! 

Vocalist     - Lowell  Mason  and  George  James  Webb! 

Vespei-s  m  C W.  O.  Fiske. 

Vespers  mC W.  A.  Newland. 

Voice  Buildmg H.  R.  Streeter. 

Violoncello  without  a  Master         ------____.         Unknown. 

Violoncello,  The.    An  abridgment  of  the  Complete  Method        .       _       -       .         b.  Romberg! 
Venite.    Church  Music  --------_.._.      y.  C.  Taylor 

Vespers  for  Catholic  Church H.  Millard! 

Violin  and  Flute  Duets   -------._»_..         g.  Winner. 

Victory.    Church  Music Sylvester  and  h!  P.  Main. 

Village  Compilation,    1806 Daniel  Belknap. 

Village  Harmony.    1794.    Many  different  editors  to  1820 Selections. 

Village  Organist,    With  Appendix William  Weber. 

Virginia  Harmony.    1831 David  L.  Clayton  and  J.  P.  Carrell. 

Vocal  and  Instrumental  Instructor       .-.-.-^_.       John  W.  Moore, 
Vocal  School,    Pestalozzian       ------.-__._    h,  W  Day. 

Vocal  Companion.    1796 Matthew  Carey. 

Voice  of  Praise,    1859 Edward  Hamilton. 

Vepres  Sicihennes,    Libretto  of  Opera        ---.-_..._(j.  Verdi. 

Webb's  Mass- Samuel  Webb. 

Wilson's  Sacred  Quartets,    Two  volumes     --------         Hemy  Wilson 

Willnian's  Clarionet  Method Thomas  L.  Willman! 

Welcome  Guest.     Collection  of  Piano  Music      ------___    Selected. 

Winner's  Easy  System  for  Piano      -------^-__S.  Winner. 

Wright's  Piano  Manual ------  "W".  C.  Wrifrht. 

Woman  of  Samaria.    Libretto  of  Oratorio      ------       w.  Stemdale  Benn%tt. 

World's  Peace  Jubilee  Music.     1872      -----------     Selected. 

Wreath  of  Gems.    Collection  of  Songs     ----------        Selected! 

William  Tell.    Libretto  of  an  Opera     ----------       .Q  Rossini' 

Wreath  of  School  Songs E.  L.  White! 

Winner's  Dance  Music.    Flute  and  Piano   -------        --        g  Winner! 

Wragg's  Flute  Preceptor     -------------j  Wrac»g 

AVichtl's  Young  Violinist       ---- q[  AVichtl! 

Wakelleld's  Christian  Harp.    1818 ---.      Lazarus  B  *  M'Lain" 

Waldenses.    An  Oratorio,    1849    ----- Asahel  Abbot! 

Walter's  Collection.     1721  ------------    Thomas  Walter. 

Warren's  Minstrel.    1856,    Patent  notes      -- --    J,  S.  Warren! 

Williams  and  Tansur's  Collection.    1769  ---------       Daniel  Bailey 

Wesleyan  Sacred  Harp W.  MacDonald  and  S.  Hubbard, 

Wesleyan  Harmony.    1820 Heni-v  Little. 

Western  Harmonious  Companion  ----------  James  W  Palmer. 

''       Harp.    Church  Music Samuel  Wakefield. 

Harmony.    Church  Music Allen  D.  Carden. 

•        Lyre.    1831 W.  B.  Snyder  and  W,  L,  ChapeU, 

_  ,  Harp  - Mary  S,  B,  Dana. 

Worcester  Collection.    1797        --.. Oliver  Holden. 

Woodland  Sketches.    For  Piano-forte -.--    Karl  Sohuler. 

Wyeth's  Repository.     Sacred  Music.    1820 John  Wyeth. 

Weiland's  New  Guitar  Method      ---------_-       f.  Weiland, 

Worrall's  Guitar  School     -----__-_._.     Henry  WorralL 


A  DICTIONARY  OF  MUSICAL  INFORMATION.  211 

Wichtl's  Practical  Violin  School      ----- G.  Wichtl. 

Western  Bell.    Glees  and  Songs        ------         F.  H.  Pease  and  E.  A.  Perkins. 

Western  Harp,  Songs,  &c.       _--------       -    Mrs.  M.  S.  U.  Shindler. 

Walter's  Manual  Church  Music  -       ----------      W.H.Walter. 

Wels'8  Church  Music --------    Charles  Wcls. 

Winter  Evenings'  Entertainment.    A  Cantata        --------  A.  Cull. 

Walter's  Ancient  and  Modern  Music     ----------  Jacob  Walter. 

Weber's  Mass  in  G       ------------         C.  M.  von  Weber. 

Witzka's  Mass  in  C , C.  D.  Witzka. 

Weber's  Mass  in  El?    -, C.  M.  von  Weber. 

Wels'8  Grand  Mass  in  Bp» Charles  Wels. 

Webb's  Vocal  Technics George  James  Webb. 

Winner's  Bands  of  Four.    For  Violin,  Flute,  Clarionet  or  Comet,  and  Violoncello  -    S.  Winner. 

Wilhem's  Method  of  Teaching  Vocal  Classes John  HuUah. 

War  Songs  of  Freemen        -------------        Selected. 

Walpurgis  Kight.    A  Cantata F.  Mendelssohn. 

Woman  of  Samaria.    Sacred  Cantata W.  Stemdale  Bennett. 

Wilson's  Book  of  Chants        ------------  Hein7  \Vilson. 

World's  Peace  Jubilee  Music O.  Ditson. 

Woodbury's  Cultivation  of  Voice  without  a  Master    ------       I.  B.  Woodbury. 

Whiting's  First  Six  Months  at  the  Organ George  E.  Whiting. 

White's  Clarionet  Method.     Two  Parts         ---------      Jean  White. 

Watchword.    Sunday  Schools     -----------J.  Astor  Hroad. 

White's  Sacred  Quartets C.A.  Wlute. 

Welcome.    Sunday  Schools J-^I-  Kielfer. 

Wyman's  Piano  Text  Book Addison  P.  Wyman. 

Winnowed  Hymns --  C.C.  McCabe  and  D.  T.  Wacfarlan. 

Welcome  Home,    Piano  Music        ------------  Selected. 

Wliite's  Method,  Reed  Organ C.  A.  White. 

Woodbury's  Piano  Instructor  -.--------I.  B.  Woodbury. 

Warner's  Dictionary  of  Musical  Terms     ---------  James  S.  Wanier. 

Weber's  Musical  Composition.    Two  Volumes  -        ------        Godfrey  Weber. 

Woodbury's  Musical  Composition I.  B.  Woodbury. 

Woodbury's  Viohu  Instructor I-B.  Woodbmy. 

Young  Choir.    1841 William  B.  Bradbury. 

"      Ladies'  Choir.     1846 George  F.  Hoot. 

"      Ladies'  Haip.    1847 George  Kingsley. 

"      Melodist     -------- William  B.  Bradbury. 

"      Men's  Singing  Book G.  F.  Root  and  L.  Mason. 

"      Shawm.    School  Songs W.  B.  Bradbury. 

•«      Catholic's  Vocal  Class  Book Selected. 

•'      Organist J.  A.  Getze. 

•'      Organist's  Album G-  Blessner. 

'«      Ladies'  Album - C.  D.  G.  Adam. 

"      Ladies' Vocal  Class  Book George  J.  W  ebb. 

"      Folks'  Glee  Book  Charles  Jarvis. 

Youthful  Voices.    Sabbath  Schools -"-        B.J.Lang. 

Zion's  Choral.    Church  Music ----       C.  Jarvis. 

"      Harp.    Church  Music Smieon  Jocelyn. 

"     Harp.    Sabbath  Schools .-       -J- A.  Getze. 

Zundel's  Voluntaries.    Organist,  Melodeon  Instructor,  Psalmody,  and  Original 

Tunes  -       -       -- -       --       -       -       -    John  Zundel. 

Zither  New  Method N.  P.  B.  Curtiss  and  Ch.  Bohr. 

Zion.    Church  Music W.  O.  Perkins. 

Zimmer'sMass M.  1.  Zimmer. 

Zundel's  Piano-forte  Instructor ^,.'^^""  Zundel. 

Zeuner's  Organ  Voluntaries Charles  Zeuncr. 

Zundel's  Melodeon  Instructor -     John  Zunuei. 

Zampa.    Libretto  of  an  Opera L.  J.  1^.  Heroia. 

Zundel's  Treatise  on  Harmony  and  Modulation  --------         ''•  ^""^^'^j* 

"        Fu^t  Year  on  the  Organ «{•  ^'"^^^j- 

"       Four  Hundred  and  Forty-four  Voluntaries d.zunaei. 


Stereotyped  by  C.  J.  Peters  &  Sou,  Boston,  Mass. 


VALUABLE  MUSICAL  WORKS 


PUBLISHED  BY 


Oliver  Ditson  &  Co.,  Boston,  C.  H.  Ditson  &  Co.,  New  York. 


H^'Anjf  BooJc published  b^  Ditson  &  Co.  will  be  mailed  to  any  address,  post-paid, 
OH  receipt  qfthe  Retail  Price. 


RICHARDSONTS  NEW  METHOD  FOR  THE  PIANO- 
FORTE.   Price  $3.75. 

This  excels  in  popularity  all  otter  iiistruction  books;  and  its  annual  sales  of  23,{)0t 
copies,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  about  A  Quarteb  of  a  Million  Copies,  eslab- 
iish  the  fact  of  its  appreciation  by  teachers  and  pupils- 

It  has  recently  been  enriched  by  the  addition  of  Czekny's  "  Letters  on  the  Art  of 
Playing  the  Piano,"  and  of  Schumann's  "  Maxims." 

It  now  contains  260  large,  well-filled  pages.  It  is  believed  that  there  is  hardly  a  homo 
in  the  country,  containing  a  piano-forte,  without  this  celebrated  book. 


THE  ORGAN  AT  HOME.  Price,  in  Boards,  $2.50;  m  Cloth, 
$3.00;  iu  Full  Gilt,  $4.00. 

The  large  pages  of  this  admirable  collection  are  filled  with  music  of  the  most  pleas- 
ing and  genial  character.  As  modern  Reed  Organs  have  generally  a  very  prompt  touch, 
many  of  the  pieces  can  be  played  with  good  effect  on  a  piano-forte,  while  others  con- 
tain the  most  attractive  kind  of  Organ  music. 

The  Table  of  Contents  covers  two  whole  pages,  and  includes  Marclves,  Waltzes,  An- 
dantes, Sacred  and  Secular  Airs,  Nocturnes,  Short  Voluntaries,  Serenades,  Prehcdes, 
Rondos,  Reveries,  Transcriptions,  Overtures,  and  Extracts  from  Oratorios  and  Operas. 

The  list  of  composers  contains  many  world-famous  names,  and  the  more  distin- 
guished among  our  American  writers  are  not  forgotten. 

Pages  Full  Sheet-music  Size. 


THE  PIANO  AT  HOME.  A  Collection  of  Four-hand  Pieces  fQ^ 
the  Piano-forte.    Price,  Boards,  $2.50;  Cloth,  $3.00;  Fine  Gilt,  $4.00. 

Teachers  of  the  Piano-forte  will,  at  first  sight,  be  taken  with  this  book.  It  containt 
a  large  number  of  pleasing  duets,  some  very  easy,  and  others  easy,  moderately  easy,  or 
of  medium  difficulty.  AH  are  within  reach  of  players  of  ordinary  ability,  and  well  calcu- 
lated to  develop  an  ear  for  time,  and  a  certainty  in  execution,  which  one  who  plays  alone 
■ometimes  never  attains. 

In  addition,  the  duets  are  most  pleasing  things  to  hear  in  any  homes  where  there  is 
more  than  one  piano-forte  player,  and  afford  a  richness  and  fulness  of  harmony  which 
does  not  belong  to  solo  playing. 

P4XJES  Full  SHfCET-Masic  Size. 


Valualile  Collections  of  Bound  Music 


PUBLISHED  BY 


c®-Eitlxer  Booli  sent,  post-paid.,  for  tlie  Retail  IPrice.  «©a 


The  Home  Musical  Library. 

Each  book  of  the  series  is  quite  complete  in  itself,  and  two,  three,  or  more,  will  con- 
•titute  a  valuable  Library.  But  should  one  possess  the  whole,  the  purchaser  would  own 
nothing  less  than  the  greater  part  of  all  the  good  music  composed  during  the  last  one 
hundred  years.  Church  Music,  Orchestra  Music,  and  LIusic  for  Schools,  of  course,  is 
not  included. 

!^^  The  accompaniments  in  all  the  books  of  Vocal  Music  may  be  played  either  upon 
the  Piano-forte  or  lieed  Organ. 

^^  All  the  pages  in  the  books  of  this  Library  are  large,  of  the  ordinary  Sheet  Music 
size,  and  very  compactly  tilled. 

51^="  Each  book  contains  a  quantity  of  music  which,  if  published  in  Sheet  Music 
form,  would  sell  for  from  $20  to  §40.  In  the  present  shape,  the  same  quantity  may  be 
bought  for  §2.50. 

THE  BOOKS  OF  THE  HOME  MUSICAL  LIBRARY. 


THE  MUSICAL  TREASURE .      225 

pages.  Vocal  and  Instrumental.  A  great 
variety  of  popular  vocal  music,  in  con- 
nection witli  about  an  equal  quantity  of 
Waltzes,  Polkas,  Quadrilles,  and  other 
pieces  for  the  Piano-forte. 

SILVER  CHORD.  200  pages.  Vocal. 
A  large  number  of  the  most  popular 
songs. 

WREATH  OF  GEMS.  200  pages. 
Vocal  Of  the  same  general  character  as 
the  '•  Silver  Chord,"  but  with  an  entirely 
different  list  of  songs. 

GEMS  OF  ENGLISH  SONG.  232 
pages.  Vocal.  A  large  number  of  the 
best  and  most  successful  songs  of  recent 
publication.  The  latest  vocal  collec- 
tion. 

GEMS  OF  SACRED  SONG.  200 
pages.  Vocal.  An  admirable  selection 
of  sacred  music  for  Voice  and  Piano.  It 
furnishes  excellent  material  for  singing 
at  liome  on  the  sabbath. 

GEMS  OF  GERMAN  SONG.  216 
pages.  Vocal.  Truly  German  and  truly 
Gems.  The  chief  favorites  of  Deutsch- 
land,  with  English  and  Gennan  words, 

GEMS  OF  SCOTTISH  SONG.  200 
pages.  Vocal.  They  are  all  sweet  songs 
of  Scotland;  and  there  are  many  of 
them. 

MOORE'S  IRISH  31ELODIES. 
200  pages.  Vocal.  By  no  means  common 
Irish  Songs,  but  sweet  and  classical  pro- 
ductions, brought  together  by  the  genius 
of  Moore  and  of  Stephenson.  A  valua- 
ble collection  of  graceful  music. 


SHOWER  OF  PEARLS.  240  pages. 
The  very  best  Vocal  Duets. 

OFERATIC  FEARLS.  200  pages. 
Vocal.  The  most  sung  and  the  most 
often  applauded  of  the  airs  of  50  favorite 
operas. 

ORGAN  AT  HOME.  200  pieces.  For 
Keed  Organs.  Instrumental.  All  of  a 
genial,  interesting,  popular  nature. 

FIANO  AT  HOME.  Four-hand  pieces 
for  Piano-forte.  A  book  of  great  value 
to  teachers  and  pupils,  as  duet  playing  is 
an  admirable  method  of  acquiring  "cer- 
tainty "in  time  and  execution.  Pieces 
requiring  power  sound  twice  as  weU  with 
four  hands  as  with  two  hands. 

GEMS  OF  STRAUSS.  250 pages.  In- 
strumental. The  most  brilliant  pieces  of 
tlie  most  brilliant  composer  in  the  world. 
This  book  has  been  exceptionally  sue- 

CGSsf  111 

HOME  CIRCLE.  Vol.  I.  216  pages. 
Instrumental.  Contains  a  large  number 
of  pieces,  all  easy,  and  all  universally 
popular. 

HOME  CIRCLE.  Vol,  II.  250  pages. 
Instrumental.  In  addition  to  a  tine  list 
of  piano  pieces  of  all  kinds,  this  volume 
has  about  twenty-five  four-hand  pieces. 

PIANIST'S  ALB  UM.  220  pages.  In- 
strumental. Sometimes  called  "Home 
Circle,"  Vol.  III.  It  is  tilled  with  the 
best  music  in  great  varietv. 

FIANO-FORTE  GEMS.  216  pages. 
Instrumental.  The  fourth  of  the  "  Home 
Circle"  series,  and  full  of  fresh,  bright, 
and  not  difficult  music. 


Price  of  Each  Book,  —  Boards,  $2.50;  Cloth,  $3.00  ;  Fine  GUt,  $4.00. 


C2) 


f)^ 


1^1* 


a-h 


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HARMONY  AND  THOROUGH  BASS.         PRIMERS,  DICTIONARIES,  Sec, 


Guide  to  Musical  Composition.     For 

those  who  desire  in  a  short  time  and  with- 
out a  teacher  to  acquire  the  art  of  com- 
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ByHEiXRiCH  WoHLFAHKT.  Translated 
by  J.  S.  DWIGHT.    Cloth,  $1.25. 

Richter's  Harmony.  In  extensive  use  in 
Germany,  and  considered  by  many  a 
standard  authority.  Translated  by  J.  C. 
D.  Parker.    §2.00. 

Baker's    Theoretical    and     Practical 

Harmony.  By  B.  F.  Baker,  who  has 
long  experience  as  a  composer  and 
teacher,  and  may  be  supposed  to  under- 
stand the  best  way  of  explaining  Euro- 
pean theory  to  American  minds.    $2.00. 

Woodbury's     Elements     of     Musical 

Composition.  With  rules  for  arranging 
Music  for  full  Orchestra  and  Military 
Bands.    By  I.  B.  Woodbury.    75  cents. 

Burrowes's    Thorough    Bass   Primer. 

60  cents. 

Burrowes's  Companion  to  Thorough 

Bass  Primer.  Being  Fifty  Preliminary 
Exercises,  to  which  is  added  a  Key  to  the 
Exercises.    75  cents. 

First   Steps    in    Thorough    Bass.      In 

Twelve  Familiar  Lessons  between  a 
Teacher  and  a  Pupil.    75  cents. 

Johnson's  Harmony.  Practical  In- 
structions in  Harmony,  upon  the  Pesta- 
lozziau  or  Inductive  System.  The  utmost 
simplicity  of  language  has  been  used  in 
the  explanations.  By  A.  N.  JOHNSON. 
$1.25. 

A    New  Manual    of    Thorough    Bass, 

and  Text-Book  of  Musical  Theory.  By 
Edward  B.  Oliver.  As  a  book  of  ref- 
erence it  will  be  found  invaluable.  Cloth, 
67  cents ;  boards,  50  cents. 

Pestalozzian      Music      Teacher.      Dr. 

Lowell  Mason  introduced  a  new  epoch  of 
music  and  music  teaching,  which  he  was 
enabled  to  do  only  by  being  the  best  liv- 
ing example  of  a  teacher.  The  above 
book  contains  a  minute  description  of 
his  methods.  By  Mason  &  Seward. 
$2.00. 

How  Shall  I  Teach?  A  pamphlet  much 
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Boston   Academy's   Manual.      By  Dr. 

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Calcott's  Musical  Grammar.  Contain- 
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complete  Dictionary  of  English  and  For- 
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Boards,  75  cents. 

Clarke's  Musical  Catechism.  Designed 
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L.enhart's  Elements  of  Music.  A  clear 
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Marx's  General  Musical  Instruction. 

An  aid  to  teachers  and  learners  in  every 
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Materia  Musica ;  or,  Materials  for  the 

Pianist.  A  Class-Book  containing  the 
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Moore's    Complete    Encyclopiedia   of 

Music,  Embracing  a  complete  history  of 
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W.  INIOORE.    Cloth,  $G.OO. 

Appendix    to    Moore's    Encyclopaedia 

of  Music.  Containing  items  of  musical 
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dia.    By  J.  W.  Moore.    50  cents. 

Oliver's  Text-Book.     By  E.  B.  Oliver, 

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Outline  of  Musical  Form.  A  Treatise 
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thews.   60  cents. 

The  Tuner's  Guide.  Containing  a  com- 
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Organ,  Melodeon,  and  Seraphine;  to- 
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Bitter's  History  of  Music.  A  condensed 
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lege.   2  vols.    Each  $1.50. 


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